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Corporatism was portrayed in the interwar period as a third way, an alternative to both capitalism and socialism. Between the two world wars, the new organizational model was widely debated by theorists, while, at different times, some countries adopted aspects of corporatism. However, the beginnings of this model can be traced back to the late Belle Époque period, a case in point being the corporatist experiment in Romania which began in 1902. Emerging as a reaction to the problems caused by the liberalization of labor legislation, the fear of socialism or the emergence of nationalism, both among the political elite and the tradesmen, the new workers' organizations were set up in almost all the towns of the Old Kingdom, as well as in some larger rural settlements. Initially seen as a solution to the problems that some workers faced, the way the corporations operated came to be criticized by politicians and a part of the working class, while giving socialists an opportunity to condemn the existing social order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article is meant at elaborating a framework for the unitary conceptualization of the development of social policies and welfare institutions in Romania, across the historical divides represented by the installation, and then the demise of the communist regime. The communist redefinition of syndicalism, together with the corresponding reinterpretation of the pre-communist legislation designed for the representation of professional interests, are taken as a baseline of the approach, which is then broadened into a general consideration of the relation between the juridical-normative bases of labor relations under communism and their actual social implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Old Romanian Kingdom recorded a significant industrial increase at the end of the nineteenth century and the number of workers grew. Over time, socio-economic demands increased, amongst which social insurance held a priority position. The first forms of social insurance were based on the statutes of workers' organizations, through which financial support was provided. Over time, the idea of institutionalizing these rights grows larger. The first law in which social insurance was mentioned was the Mines law of 1895, through which mandatory social insurance for mining and petroleum workers was introduced. At the beginning of the twentieth century there were two other laws on the institutionalization of social insurance: the Missir law (1902) and the Nenițescu law (1912). The interwar period will preserve the social insurance system defined at the beginning of the century until the adoption of the Ioaniţescu law in 1933, which wanted the unification of social insurance throughout Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unfortunately, labor legislation also includes insufficiently clear, parallel or contradictory provisions. Some of these provisions relate to the probationary period for persons with disabilities, and others relate to the cancellation of the penalty, consisting of disciplinary termination of the employment contract. In this study, the author analyzes the views expressed in the legal literature on the two institutions and also draws his own solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]