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Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An emblematic representant of the generation of the Great Union, dr. Cornel Luţai (1889-1968) was born in Nădlac, Arad County; in November 18, 1911, he became a Juris Doctor at the University in Cluj. Once graduating he applied for a trainee lawyer at Szeged Bar (June 1, 1911-March 12, 1912), and at Arad Bar, working within the offices of advocates Nemet János and Iustin Marșieu up to July 1, 1914. He was invited to take part in Alba Iulia National Assembly in (December 1, 1918) and involved after in the poltical-administrative life in Arad. As a mayor of this town (1928-1931), he modenized the urban transport, embelilished the center of Arad, and joined the neighouring villages; he also backed the cultural life and the deserving young people. The communist times did not absolve him from nationalization. Advocate dr. Corneliu Luţai, perseverently and toisomely setting his career, was a visionary mind, an important intellectual, and a reforormer at his times. He weaved a worthy of consideration story on him, as well as the whole generation of the Great Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a small summary of the most eloquent works on the history of Romania written by Frédéric Damé. The author's interest in the origin and evolution of the Romanian people proves the sustained concern to know, to understand and to present the history of the adoptive country. We can say that the historiographical approach of Frédéric Damé highlights the unity and continuity of the Romanian people subject to strong influences of foreign people. His study dedicated to the history of the Romanians has, in addition to the obvious documentary value, also a sentimental, patriotic value, revealing the affection for our people who have the same Roman origins as the French people from whom they come. The conclusion that emerges from the exposition of the historical works is that, despite the vulnerable points highlighted, they remain notable attempts made by Frédéric Damé to bring to the attention of the French public the history of the Romanians. Without having the training and vocation of a historian, the French intellectual deserves appreciation for his erudition and courage to manifest himself in such a difficult, sensitive and risky field as the history of a paradoxical country, located at the confluence of East and West. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The union of Transylvania with Hungary was in 1848 one of the main desires of the Hungarian revolutionaries from Transylvania, and this desire was fulfilled with the conclusion of the dualist compromise. The Cluj diet of November 1865 voted this union and it was enshrined in law in 1868. Nevertheless, the effective incorporation of Transylvania into the Hungarian state was a long process, and the Hungarian newspapers made their pages discussing how effective union should be achieved. The controversies on this topic also raise the issue of Transylvanian specificity, and this study aims to highlight the way in which the parties involved relate to the regional identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Divine providence made the generation of the end of the 19th century and first decades of the interwar period be the witness of the all Romanians’ dream to unite. The family of dr. Sever Ispravnic, an advocate in Arad, was one of the lots of families who took part in the Great Union in Alba Julia, in December 1, 1918. The generation of intellectuals at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the next one was growing up and educated in the national Romanian spirit, and learnt at the great universities in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. With their rich heritance, they perseveringly and patiently built the whole edifice of Greater Romania. Dr. Sever Ispravnic represented as a mandatory the commune of Pecica, whiles Adriana, his wife, was a mandatory of the Romanian Women Association in Arad and Province. They were leaving for Alba Julia together with their children Letiția and Sever Ispravnic. It was an experience that definitely put a mark on their whole life. Al together they participated in General Berhelot’s greeting (December 29, 1918), in gathering up provisions for the Romanian guards, and also in meeting the Romanian troops in Arad (May 17, 1919), implicitly in the Romanian administration installing there. They were involved in political, economical and social, cultural and charitable life during the interwar period and so they contributed to the new Romanian administrative structures’ consolidation. What the Union Generation decided and did provide a standard for us today. Dignified persons, they suffered the communist horrible things and bequeathed the legacy of Greater Romania to the younger generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Strategic Universe Journal / Univers Strategic is the property of Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Institute for Security Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the Autumn of 1918 we find in Banat a society deeply marked by the tragedy of the war, but also a world of divided ethnic and cultural diversity, the Banat being claimed by both Romanians and Serbs. The organization of the Romanians in the Vârşeţ area in the Autumn of 1918 is proof that there was a Romanian elite in the villages in the area, formed mostly by lawyers. Some of them stated themselves as true Romanian leaders and were involved in the Autumn events of 1918. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Strategic Universe Journal / Univers Strategic is the property of Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Institute for Security Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study is focused on a tormented moment in history, 1918, viewed from the perspective of Queen Marie of Romania. The year, which starts dramatically for Romania, will bringt its end the fulfilment of a century-old dream of the Romanians, the Union of Transylvania with the Romanian Kingdom. We will refer to the main events of this special year of our history, by selecting and interpreting fragments from Queen Marie's Journal, edited by Lucian Boia, with the title: "A War Journal - 1918". The role of Queen Marie in supporting the Romanian Army, in fighting for the cause of Romania, as well as the loyal attitude towards the Allies, the limitless joy of the returning from exile and of the Union itself can be discerned with historical and even literary interest in the pages written in the heat of the moment with enthusiasm, sadness and despair. A living history, related by a great personality, with the great happiness of the fulfilment of an old dream of the Romanians - at the very moment of their coming into light from the Dark War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Union Hall in Alba Iulia intensively imposed itself on the collective mentality of the Romanians as the main evocative monument of the union of Transylvania with Romania. It is also related to the crowning of King Ferdinand I as a sovereign of the Romanian state resulting from the Union Acts of 1918. As a consequence, it occupies a special place in the historical geography of Alba Iulia. The Union Hall has been the venue for various events, some positive, some prejudicial, that have marked its area of significance and architecture. The present study attempts to identify and characterize these events, distributed over the course of a century, relating them to government policies and regime changes. One of the ideas pursued in the article is that the alternative to democracy -- totalitarianism -- not only marked the events that took place in Alba Iulia, but also the monuments evoking these events. From this point of view, pursuing the history of the Union Hall can be a useful methodological approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2018, an emblematic and important year for all Romanians, marking 100 years of the Union of Bessarabia, Bucovina and Transylvania with Romania, a special place is given to the buildings where the famous events surrounding Unification took place. The purpose of this article is to present historical and certain architectural aspects of the Residence of the Metropolitans of Bucovina and Dalmația in Cernăuți, where, on 15 November 1918, the Union of Bucovina with Romania was decided, and comparing it to building no. 3 of the former Gymnasium for boys "Alexandru Donici" in Chișinău, where, on 27 March 1918, the Union of Bessarabia with Romania was voted upon. Today, the Metropolitan Palace building, designed according to the proposals of Czech architecture Josef Hlávka, is part of the National University of Cernăuți Iuri Fedikovici. In Chișinău, the aforementioned Gymnasium building (designed by V. Țâganco) has been adapted to the requirements of another educational institution -- the Academy of Music, Theatre and Plastic Arts -- and is on the waiting list for restoration. The artistic, historical and architectural value of Cernăuți's Metropolitan Palace was recently confirmed by its inclusion on the UNESCO cultural heritage list. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is already known that, until the signing of the Peace Treaty, Greater Romania had become a physical reality, and one of the priorities faced by the authorities was the integration of the new territories. And the complexity of the problems to be solved was evident to all those involved in the process of integrating the united provinces. In that context, beginning with 1918, an intense legislative activity began, with reforms promulgated by the governments in Bucharest being extended automatically throughout Greater Romania, although the local realities of the united provinces had to be taken into account. Programs have been adopted which stipulated the need of a new constitution, administrative and legislative unification, economic stability, fundamental rights and freedoms for the citizens. The internal succes had to be defended also externally and the preservation of the state borders representing a priority of the entire Romanian political class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Strategic Universe Journal / Univers Strategic is the property of Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Institute for Security Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The attachment of the Romanians to the unitary form of the state is a historically explicable attachment, considering the context in which the Romanian state came into being. But, like any attachment which is too intense, the attachment to a principle that structures public power can be dangerous. This study argues why we must operate a change of perspective, moving from the analysis of the historical context to a legal perspective. From this change of perspective, it results that the attachment to the unitary structure of the state may seem a refusal to structure political power based on a vertical separation of powers, which, like the horizontal one (among the legislative, the executive and the judicial power) constitutes a guarantee of individual freedoms. The attachment to the unitary state becomes, from a legal standpoint, an excessive attachment to the centralization of power, which represents a threat to the freedom-autonomy, typical for modern liberal democracies. We must not, of course, give up the political unity of the Romanians, but we must understand that it is not questioned while discussing the need for a vertical separation of powers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tyragetia is the property of National Museum of History of Moldova and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tyragetia is the property of National Museum of History of Moldova and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Union becomes the subject of a historical novel and its figures are interesting characters in Mihail Diaconescu's Speranța, published in 1984. Based on traditional realism, the historical novel describes all the events that lead to the Big Union Decission on January 24. Speranța illustrates a „program-based literature", theorized in various studies and articles, on a protoconist line, outdated today, but of great importance in the 70s and 80s. Ignored by the critics, the novel could be recovered by the literature, for the accuracy of the documentation and the artistry with which Diaconescu uses the fantastic, the magic and the symbolic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

If we look at the European history of the Middle Ages, we can see a slow process of concentration in the states that led in the 19th and 20th centuries in the formation of the national states. Several of them originate from a union of smaller state entities. The reasons for the union were different, often fighting an oppressive hegemon, but the result was generally a union of citizens who constitute the sovereign. Ever since the end of the Second World War, some hegemonic forces with a dubious legitimacy have been trying to overlap over the European states a suprastate union in which it is not clear who the sovereign is and who are the true beneficiaries. Based on an analytical model of the union concept, our paper outlines the issues of sovereignty and the distribution of the benefits fought by the national states and which the European Union must resolve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of nationalities was fundamental in the years of the First World War. After three years of fighting, the empires involved in the war broke up. In this context, the Council of the Country – the Parliament of the Moldovan Democratic Republic (Bessarabia) was formed in Bessarabia. A number of internal issues have been debated in plenary sessions. First, the legitimacy of the Provincial High Legislative Body. Even some MPs considered the institution, of which they were part, that it would have been a temporary one, a transition to an organ chosen by universal, equal, direct and secret vote. Both the political people of that time and today's scholars have demonstrated with deluxe detail the legitimacy of the Country Council. Another issue, always debated, was that of national identities and the rights of ethnic groups in Bessarabia. Finally, a third issue was to ensure the security of people and their property. In the situation when the young republic did not have enough forces to ensure public peace, the issue of inviting the Romanian military forces was raised, and later, and the Union of Bessarabia with Motherland, Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study attempts to highlight the inter-ecclesiastical relations in the 18th century Transylvania, and to recover two new documentary collections issued in the 18th and 19th centuries, currently stored in the Batthyaneum Library and the Roman Catholic Archdiocese Archives of Alba Iulia. Ignatius Batthyány (1780-1798) is a Roman Catholic Bishop whose interest in the history and culture of the Romanian Church is generally known. The novelty of the present approach brings up the intellectual bishop's effort to collect and systematize previous and contemporary documents of his age about the Romanians' ecclesiastical history. Unknown documents support the author of the study to retrace the institutional and personal relations between the Roman Catholic bishop of Alba Iulia Ignatiu Batthyány and two united Greek Catholic bishops of Blaj: Grigorie Maior (1773-1782) and Ioan Bob (1782-1830). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annals of 'Constantin Brancusi' University of Targu-Jiu. Juridical Science Series is the property of Universitatea Constantin Brancusi din Targu-Jiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Strategic Universe Journal / Univers Strategic is the property of Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Institute for Security Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Born at Mândruloc, on the 5th of December 1852, Nicolae Cristea had been a schoolteacher for his countrymen's children till the year he settled down in Arad. His deserving activity as an exponent of the local instruction was rounded up by his involvement in the cultural, social, economic, and political life of the town. He upheld the Romanian political movement of time by all his means. He took place in the Great Assembly in Alba Julia on the 1st of December 1918, as a delegate of the Schoolteachers of the Denominational Romanian Orthodox Schools Association from Districts of Archpriests Arad I-VII. He went on with his activity as an editor in inter-war period looking after to the ephemerally publication of the journal Şcoala primară (Elementary School). His acuity, moral integrity, and strong personality with a well established system of values brought him a distinct place among the teachers of his time. Nicolae Cristea got several functions that propelled him among the intellectual elites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the beginning of the 18th century, in a complex international political context of resettling the spheres of influence between the dominant powers in the region - the Habsburg Empire, the Ottoman Empire, Russia - the political and cultural elite of Wallachia was looking for a new direction. Considering this fact, the author pursues the spreading of anti-Catholic literature from the south of the Carpathians (from Wallachia) to Transylvania (18th - 19th centuries). She proposes an analysis of the impact of this anti-Catholic discourse in a province that had been recently annexed by the Habsburg Empire and was known at that time as a bastion of Catholicism. This study analyses, following the handwritten comments found on books that circulated in Transylvania, the impact of polemic anti-Catholic literature on the Uniate and non-Uniate environment from Transylvania in the 18th - 20th centuries. The author also investigated the role played by the discourse of the Greek Maxim Peloponeziacul (Carte sau Lumină) in the conception of the self-defining literature of Greek-Catholics from Blaj, in the mid-18th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Born at Mândruloc, on the 5th of December 1852, Nicolae Cristea had been a schoolteacher for his countrymen's children till the year he settled down in Arad. His deserving activity as an exponent of the local instruction was rounded up by his involvement in the cultural, social, economic, and political life of the town. He upheld the Romanian political movement of time by all his means. He took place in the Great Assembly in Alba Julia on the 1st of December 1918, as a delegate of the Schoolteachers of the Denominational Romanian Orthodox Schools Association from Districts of Archpriests Arad I-VII. He went on with his activity as an editor in inter-war period looking after to the ephemerally publication of the journal Şcoala primară (Elementary School). His acuity, moral integrity, and strong personality with a well established system of values brought him a distinct place among the teachers of his time. Nicolae Cristea got several functions that propelled him among the intellectual elites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present the principal actions taken by the Romanian education unions during the period 1990 - 2004 and see if they can be defined also as pressure groups. We will present and analize the cronological evolution of they'r main actions during this period. Education unions - pressure groupes in Romania ? 1990-2004 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Româna de Dreptul Muncii is the property of Wolters Kluwer Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The author analyses the sources employed as formative and proximate patterns by the authors of The Flower of Truth (Floarea adevărului), an identitary work of the Transylvanian Romanian uniates. This is the first work edited in Blaj, in 1750, which explains the fundamentals of the Union of the Romanian Church of Transylvania with the Church of Rome, and the faith of the uniates. The stake of the work consists in explaining the Union, the debate being focused on the four dogmas of Florence, and the authors' references (young theologians from Blaj) about the tradition of their own Church. The present study is focused on the authors' intellectual formation in the environment provided by the Catholic Reform (Rome, Trnava) that persuaded them to faithfully respect the paradigm of the Latin (post-Tridentine) theology (Jesuit and Jansenist) assimilated by the young Romanian clergy from their teachers (Petrus Arcudius, Cristofor Peichich, Eusebius Renaudotius, Martin Szentivani). Despite this, the united thology expressed in the Flower of Truth (Floarea adevărului) remained influenced by the non-uniates' theological discourse of the age owing to its approached topic and message. The Flower of Truth (Floarea adevărului) therefore became the expression of a particular situation that gave individuality to the Transylvanian uniates who were successful in keeping the balance between the defense of the Eastern and Latin tradition. This "authochtonous" theology employed elements meant to define the uniates' faith: the pope's jurisdiction, but maintenance of their rite in Church and the Eastern tradition in the religious life as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

I am wounded by love. The bride's insatiable desire for mystical union with her groom in St. Gregory of Nyssa's In Canticum Canticorum. One of the more intriguing exercises contained in the Song of Songs features Gregory's highly provocative triptych of the wound of love in Homilies Four, Twelve and Thirteen. In the most extended treatment of his theme, Homiliy Four features the arrow as an explicitly Trinitarian image. The archer is love (ἀγάπη), later identified as God, and the arrow itself is the only begotten Son. The tip of the arrow (faith) is triple-pointed, dipped and moistened in the Spirit. The bride cries out, "I am wounded by love" and is immediately immersed in an apophatic context indicated by oxymoronic expressions and images of union. The use of oxymoron, such as "beautiful wound" and "sweet blow" is a favorite figure of speech which the Cappadocian uses throughout the Homilies. It is a key literary expression of his apophatic theology, which serves to point to a union beyond the grasp of discursive reason. Here the union is expressed in the language of the indwelling of the Trinity. This description of union is extraordinary indeed, as the bride is taken into the dynamism of the Trinity. In an understated logophatic gesture, the bride then addresses the daughters of Jerusalem. This manifestation effects profoundly the bride's companions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author presents the case of Daniel Marsinai (Marginai), a representative character of the Theresian Age in Transylvania. In the middle of the 18th century, within the context of the confessional confrontations between the united and non-united, Marsinai hold an administrative position at the united episcopal court in Blaj and the non-united court in Arad. Based on a rich archive material, the study attempts to portray an interesting and little known character for the Romanian elite of the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Quality - Access to Success is the property of Romanian Society for Quality Assurance (SRAC) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study deals with an important edited book from the 17th century, significant for the modern Romanian culture, both at theological and linguistic level. Monk Silvestru's translation according to Ruthenian Kiril Tranquillon Stavrovetsky's homiliary had its importance and significance in Matei Bassarb's cultural and spiritual age of protection "against the Greeks". The critical edition of the Education Gospel (Evanghelia Învăţătoare) represents a veracious achievement for the history of the Romanian culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]