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Trauma is the most common cause of death in childhood, an inflicted head injury is the most common cause of trauma death in infancy. Beginning with the classic description and with subsequent clinical, biochemical and radiological studies, the diagnostic features of non accidental head injury in infants and toddlers have become clearly recognizesd. The single most common diagnosis mimicking nonaccidental trauma is accidental trauma. The infant exhibiting perinatal problems represented an important group of abuse, which justified their regular medical follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]