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Hydatidosis is a parasitic disease caused by vesicular tumoral development of Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm's larvae. Taenia Echinococcus has two life cycles: first, that of adult worm, in intestines of adult dogs, jackal, wolf, fox, and the second, as larval form, of hydatid cyst in viscera of intermediate animals (ruminants, rodents) and, accidentally, in man. (1) Romania is an endemic area of this disease. In recent years have seen an increased incidence (lack of hygiene regulations and increasing number of stray dogs). The mortality rate of the disease is 2% and it requires laborious, expensive and time consuming medical care. The case represents a very rare association of two pahtologyes: renal cystic tumor and hydatidosis. The double lesion is most probably to represent a malignant transformation of an inactive renal hydatid cyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]