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Consimțământul informata devenit o componentă majoră, dar şi obligatorie în practica medicală contemporană, numeroase foruri şi publicații subliniind comandamentele sale etice şi psihologice, ca şi modalitățile de obținere şi mai ales implicațiile de ordin legal. Implicațiile acestei proceduri în cazul pediatriei sunt complexe, câteodată confuze sau insuficient intelese. Astfel dacă în cazul consultului clinic sau al actelor medicale simple, consimțământul poate fi considerat implicit, în situația unor manevre provocatoare de disconfort psihic sau fizic, investigații invazive - în care este inclusă şi endoscopia sau acte terapeutice presupunând posibilitatea unor riscuri sau complicații, obținerea unui consimțământ informat din partea părinților sau aparținătorilor legali şi respectiv a unui acord (accept) din partea unui copil evoluat din punct de vedere intelectual, psihologic şi social devine mandatorie. Trebuie totuşi clarificate nuanțele nu numai semantice între consimțământ şi acord, ponderea fiecăruia din acestea în decizia finală, discernământul pacientului minor la diferite grupe de vârstă şi în egală măsură rolul şi locul medicului curant în astfel de circumstanță. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abdominal ultrasound centered on upper digestive tract performed in certain conditions, by experienced sonographers, having solid anatomical knowledge, can provide valuable objective data in diagnostic on dyspeptic patients . We can appreciate the morphological data in the mucosa and submucosal aspect, to the digestive wall thickness, to its layered structure or physiological data about the amount of fasting gastric secretion, or about motility disorders. The latter may be manifested by gastro-duodenal and duodeno-gastric reflux , slowing of emptying gastric fasting or proximal stomach accommodation alteration to ingested food. Some of these data have endoscopic correspondence but others have not, so that the ultrasound of the upper digestive tract performed properly should find its place in everyday medical practice being also a method, readily accepted by patients. We will review the anatomical issues which have ultrasound corresponding, starting from normal parameters to the most common pathological conditions, seen in the terminal oesophagus, stomach and duodenum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital radiological systems became în the last years more and more frequent în current clinical prectise. Nowadays 3D digital systems are used especially in implantology and maxillo-facial surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transplantation, which is the transfer of organs, cells and tissues, began many centuries ago as a primitive practice and has since evolved into a modern reality. Written accounts from Egypt, China, Greece and India, dating back many centuries, describe experimentation in grafting and transplantation. Chronic organ diseases and the increasing demand for organ transplantation have become important health care issues within the last few decades. Further efforts to avoid and control the mechanism of rejection of the transplanted organs led to the discovery of new drugs, still without overcoming the problem of the immune response. This article discusses the problems concerning the medical practice of transplantation from the point of view of the Orthodox Theology, especially how it is lived and expressed by the contemporary Greek theologians, scholars and hierarchs. It begins with the presentation of the two ways of knowledge that the Orthodox teaching distinguishes, with their organs and methods of perception and experimentation of the reality. Then it continues with a short review of the historical background concerning the practice of transplants; some scientific orientative data; the axes of the moral-spiritual and dogmatic issues which concern especially the sources of transplants, the conception of brain death, the presumed consent, the status of the donor and of the recipient etc.; the desire to find biblical and canonical basis for the practice of transplantation; the inter-religious approach to the transplantation; decisions and synodical texts in the Orthodox world concerning the transplants and their theological-moral problems; the vision of the Orthodox Theology regarding the transplants from the perspective of Greek theologians; the dilemma of the brain death (since this notion was introduced in the medical terminology by the ad-hoc Committee of the University of Harvard in 1968, it has attracted many comments); the spiritual dimension of the transplants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing number of chronic hepatic diseases claims new methods for staging and monitoring fibrosis. The classic method, „the golden standard‟ - percutaneous liver biopsy is still the most frequent used in current medical practice, but this method is subject to a series of disadvantages: low acceptability, morbidity, a minimal rate of mortality, price, and even the possibility of errors. This is why the occurrence of new methods to evaluate fibrosis is completely justified, and this article's scope is to discuss, based on literature, the most important of them. Fibrotest, Fibromax, Fibroscan will be detailed in the following article, as these are methods we already use. Although the correlation between each of these methods separately and liver biopsy their combination looks more promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at highlighting the main reasons for which the Mini Mental State Examination test (MMSE) is commonly recommended in clinical practice to be used for screening the cognitive function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]