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High blood pressure, a relatively rare pathology diagnosed in pediatric age, is becoming more and more common in the diagnoses of children, thus becoming a real health problem, with the alarming increase in obesity in this age group. The prevalence of hypertension in children differs depending on age groups. In adolescents, the percentage reaches 10%, and in newborns at term 0.2%, therefore 3.5% of children are diagnosed with hypertension. Peripheral vascular resistance and cardiac output determine the force that blood flow exerts on the arterial wall and thus define blood pressure. Depending on the stage of hypertension and the clinician’s analysis, the management of hypertension is guided by two pillars: lifestyle along with non-pharmacological measures and drug therapy. A hypertensive child today is a future hypertensive adult tomorrow, for this reason we consider hypertension a real issue, especially in the context in which pediatric obesity is a global health problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transient visual loss decrease of vascular cause is monocular and secondary to a brutal and temporary deficit in ocular perfusion by reducing blood flow in the retinal artery, ophthalmic artery or ciliary artery with transient retinal ischemia. It may be followed by permanent decline of view after a major ischemic attack (stroke). The urgent diagnostic evaluation is always required with the rapid establishment of the appropriate treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the etiology of the peripheral chronic venous insufficiency can be mono- or plurifactorial with the initiation of the pathological changes at supra or subfacial level, at a certain point in time, the physiopatological mechanisms will arrive at a common denominator: the inadequate arterial blood drainage with pressure increasing in the venous and lymphatic systems. Edema, inflammation, trophic changes are the physiopatological mechanisms of the venous ulcer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endorphins are neuro-hormons released in the organism during some activities (including sports) or by the consumption of certain foods. Once they arrive in the blood flow, they produce analgesia and determine a feeling of well being and of happiness. Although this theory is controversial, it is said that endorphins released during intense physical exercises create addiction or sport abuse. The endorphins have many beneficial effects helping people overwork beyond the edge, but in extreme cases, by raising the pain sensibility threshold, they can put the organism at risk. The paper presents the most frequent situations producing endorphins, but highlights the risks of sport addiction on the organism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluation of neurocognitive impairment in HIV-1 infected patients raises currently a great interest, justified by the signifficant number of the affected individuals, but also by the existence of minor forms that might be overlooked at a routine evaluation, and evolve later to more severe forms. The measurement of neurocognitive deficit consists beside some specific neuro-psychological tests, in defining more objective markers (biomarkers from cerebrospinal fluid and serum and also neuroimaging markers) that can be used together to define a diagnostic algoritm. Modern neuroimaging studies include anatomical and morphometric measurements but also a functional section designed to measure regional changes of the concentration of certain markers of local metabolism or changes in blood flow. Biological markers are divided in three categories: virological, immunological and neuronal. These markers would be able to provide information about HIV level in CSF, and also about inflammation and immune activation, both with major implications in pathogenesis of neurocognitive impairment. Also individual significance of these markers is limited, their association seems to have greater value in assessing neurocognitive involvement. The limitations of these markers are due to the fact that CSF does not reflect always cerebral involvement and also to the high costs, that makes them unaffordable for clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With color Doppler imaging we attempted to quantify the retrobulbar hemodynamics in glaucoma patients with asymmetric visual field losses. The peak systolic and end-diastolic blood flow velocities and resistivity indices of the ophthalmic, short posterior ciliary and central retinal arteries were measured. We performed visual field examination, intraocular pressure (IOP) and blood pressure measurements. The study revealed reductions in the flow velocities and increases in the resistance indices of the retrobulbar vessels, despite similar intraocular pressure (IOP) curves in both eyes. These changes correlate with disease severity and asymmetry of visual field losses and illustrate a compromised retrobulbar hemodynamics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]