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Brain injury represents the disruption of physiological function and the alteration of the brain structure induced by an external force. Cranial trauma is not always accompanied by brain trauma. In order to diagnose a brain trauma, the patient must present: altered mental status, neurological deficits and/or intracranial lesions confirmed by advanced imaging. The therapeutic conduct for the treatment of dogs and cats with traumatic brain injury is extrapolated from human medicine, isolated clinical trials in animals, and from anecdotal experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a review looking for the presentation of evolving knowledge on the anatomical centers of emotional life. From the holistic conception to the cartesian dualistic conception and back to the integrative conception of the relationship between mind and body are presented with emphasis on the anatomical headquarters and mainly the central nervous system. The acceptance of the brain projection of visceral sensations represents the background for understanding the functional disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]