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Invasive cardiovascular procedures represent a group of diagnostic and therapeutic medical manoeuvres which evolved from the first venous catheterism (Forssman, 1929) to the intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Angiographic techniques with radiocontrast pharmaceuticals have kept their place on top and have evolved in time. The use of non-ionic iodine contrast agents is indisputable, being used at the same time during vascular or computed-tomograhy diagnosis, as well as in endovascular therapeutic procedures (PCI, PTA and carotid stenting, TAVI etc.). Contrast associated nephropathy (contrast- induced nephropathy) represents a distinctive entity, evolving from restitutio ad integrum or different scenarios depending on patient renal function status, all radiocontrast agents being nephrotoxic in different degrees. Generally, contrast-induced nephropathy can be assumed when there is a rise in the serum creatinine with 0.5 mg/dl (44 μmol/L) or a 25% increase from baseline, in the following 24-72 hours after the administration of contrast materials. In renal disease patients, the risk of kidney injury after contrast administration is increased, presenting the risk of acute kidney injury or developing chronic kidney disease. From a pathogenic point of view, there are possible mechanisms of contrast-induced nephropathy which can trigger acute renal failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]