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Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this paper is to research, based on our own linguistic material, as well as accessible publications, the influence of the Hungarian language on the Transylvanian dialect of Boyash Romanian in Croatia or, more precisely, to identify Hungarianisms that appear in the lexicon. In this regard, it is necessary to distinguish between at least two main categories of Hungarianisms - those that are present also in the Romanian language from Romania and those that are specific only to the Transylvanian dialect of Boyash Romanian spoken in Croatia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a mere fact nowadays that linguistic loans are progressively adopted by a great amount of native Romanian speakers. Facing this reality, linguists tend to respond either by accepting the fatality of influence or by attempting to reject the entire process, turning language into a battle field of such extreme ideas as imposing laws against excessive linguistic borrowings. Even the middle path that was taken by researchers since 1990 (the reference point for the linguistic boom of English words in Romanian language, a boom that currently affects our floating communicational standards) relies on extralinguistic criteria such as necessity or futility, linguistic trends or linguistic supremacy, political correctness or cultural decadence, mass colonization or snobbery. Nevertheless, these criteria do not exclude a well-balanced statistical analysis, a moderate tone, and a dual perspective that, in the end, brings forth the intrinsic speakers' motivations along to their extrinsic ones. Under these circumstances, our paper discusses the influence that English loanwords bring upon the communicational level of contemporary Romanian language. Namely, we focus on two loanwords (target and hostess), as well as on a semantic calque (ospitalitate - hospitality), in order to grasp the hidden complexity entailed in the process of linguistic globalization. Our explanatory endeavour integrates the corpus within the conceptual frame of normative grammar, lexicology, and semantics. Generally speaking, we illustrate how particular lexical-semantic phenomena, namely calques and barbarisms, may generate discourse trends and, moreover, communicational patterns or habits which, in time, become vectors indicating more or less dramatic linguistic changes. From a lexical and semantic perspective, these shifts are a sign of creativity and dynamics. From a normative perspective, they show some points of vulnerability regarding the communicational dimension of language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Information Technology & Automatic Control / Revista Română de Informatică și Automatică is the property of National Institute for Research & Development in Informatics - ICI Bucharest and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

My study aims to address the phenomenon of literary multilingualism in the nineteenth-century Romanian novel. Based on Johan Heilbron’s approach on “translations as a cultural world-system” and his classification into hyper-central, central, semi-peripheral and peripheral languages, my analysis discusses the nineteenth-century Romanian language at an early stage of its consolidation and thus in self-colonial and anti-colonial relations to the “hegemony” of the French language. Taking advantage of this framework, I consider that the majority of literary code-switching examples faithfully render these linguistic relations, so my study proposes a classification of literary multilingualism into the following possible categories: a livresque multilingualism, which satisfies the self-colonial tendencies of the nineteenth-century language, a latent multilingualism, which can also be associated with an attempt at linguistic bovarisation, but also with the search for authenticity in novels through suggestion and “explicit attribution” (Meir Sternberg), a thesistic multilingualism, in such cases where the novel didactically presents foreign language insertions, and a functional multilingualism. Finally, my paper also launches a discussion of another type of multilingualism, that as a source for “defamiliarization”, which I expect to find in the Romanian novel of the twentieth century, when the Romanian language is no longer in danger of self-colonization and passes by the incipient stage, the phenomenon of code-switching serving Viktor Shklovsky’s technique of “defamiliarization”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Playfulness is seen as a harmony of two vectors: entertainment and seriousness; thus, it represents a didactic resource which deserves to be taken into consideration when teaching Romanian as a foreign language (RFL). Game component, pleasure and interactivity presupposed in didactic games, represent the premises of optimisation of educational process as long as they are attentively and efficiently exploited by the teacher, being an extremely useful didactic strategy in the framework of the lessons of Romanian as a foreign language. No matter if we see the key word of the present paper – “game” – from the literary, grammatical, semantic or pragmatic point of view, the element which links all these perspectives is the playful aspect implied by each of them. A unanimous recognition of the formative possibilities of games continues in the field of pedagogical theory, with the establishment of the optimal didactic ways of the realisation of its potential. Stemming from this observation, the present paper underlines the playful aspect of didactic activity appearing in the “didactic game”, which becomes an efficient method in teaching Romanian as a foreign language (through simulation and/or dramatisation). The role and the importance of didactic game consist in the fact that it facilitates the process of assimilation, fixation and consolidation of knowledge. At the same time, due to its formative character, it influences the development of our students. At the lessons of Romanian as a foreign language, a Russian-speaking foreign student finds a favourable environment for the development of language skills necessary to successfully integrate not only in the university circles to which he aspires, but also in the society which adopts him. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper's aim is to demonstrate the scientific importance of the traditional architecture elements preserved in the documentary fund created during the interwar period at the Romanian Language Museum; the fund is the result of the indirect linguistic survey led by Sextil Pușcariu. The survey included eight thematic questionnaires, the second of which - called The House - recorded the entire vocabulary and knowledge about the culture of building and housing. As the most complex, the 2nd Questionnaire. The House had 489 questions, from the general ones regarding social aspects of housing, to the most detailed ones about the choosing of the site and a minute description of each of the building stages and techniques used by the community. Tributary to „Wörter und Sachen" („Words and Things") German methodology at the beginning of the 20th century, which claimed that the study of words - to establish their etymology and history - should be done in close connection to the study of artefacts and their cultural lives, Sextil Pușcariu encouraged the correspondents to the Museum's surveys to illustrate their replies, offering, thus not only linguistic information, but also drawings, no matter how primitive. The 439 replies to the 2nd Questionnaire. The House coming from all the Romania's regions after Great Union gathered graphical representations of the housing which were and are at the same time ethnographical proof from the beginning of the 20th century, unique through their genuine expressiveness. Thus, the manuscripts include over 2500 graphical representations among which numerous well-done drawings illustrating the most spread house type in the village, but also gates or wells. At the same time, certain drawings minutely show techniques of vernacular construction, systems used for the closing of doors and windows, or whole traditional households with all their elements, from the main buildings to the outbuildings, fences, gates, fountains, fodder storehouses or livestock. This paper demonstrates these unique documents' importance to the understanding of the housing universe and rural architecture during the inter-war period, emphasizing their value as a useful resource for the contemporary specialists from various domains, from linguists - for whom the documentary fund was created - to anthropologists and ethnographers, but also to specialists from landscape architecture, creative industry or engineering focused on the knowledge of traditional building techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romanian sign language interpretation services are intended for people who suffer from hearing loss or who were born without this ability. This paper examines how Romanian television provides access to information to the hearing impaired community, with reference to technical and content aspects. Sign language interpretation is a growing practice in the Romanian media, too little regulated, which has a fundamental role in social inclusion. This paper also examines how TV information is transmitted to this minority and the conditions under which it is perceived. The too small screen of the performer, the speed of the interpretation, the lack of diversity of accessible shows, even the time slot in which the shows with interpretation in LSR are broadcast, are just a few problems that deaf people may have while watching TV in Romania. The research fills a gap in the field of interpretation in Romanian Sign Language (LSR), being a pilot study that offers directions for the implementation of different methods through which the accessibility of information for deaf people can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic schools emerged out of practical necessity with the advance of the capitalist economy and the technological changes that determined and accompanied this process. In the Austrian Empire there were only a few real schools (Realschule) until the middle of the 19th Century. The interest in this particular category of schools grew especially after the revolution of 1848, as a result of economic development and the progress of trade, industry, and the means of communication. In the eastern parts of the monarchy, and therefore in Transylvania and especially at the level of the Romanian nation, the evolution of real education was slower than in the western parts of the AustrianHungarian Empire. The Romanian students mostly attended German and Hungarian real schools, because in the absence of adequate financial resources, the Romanian and professional schools were sparse. In 1898 in Blaj, Transylvania, it was established one of the three real schools having the Romanian as language of proposal, namely the Greek Catholic School of Trades and Commerce. Our study aims at a brief presentation of the context of the establishment of a real education in Transylvania. The paper also proposes a case study on the Greek Catholic industrial school in Blaj, from its establishment moments to the means of support, followed by an analysis of the profile of its students, from the point of view of their national, denominational, and geographical origins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the way Hamlet was translated in the nineteenth century and how the versions it was translated from affected the final Romanian versions. Taking into account the influence the French language had on the literature and traslations of the time, we will analyse the linguistic particularities of the text, the new entries and the archaic words, the synonyms, semantic relationships and some lexical aspects. Due to the socialpolitical life of the time, French became the most frequently used language leaving its traits into the Romanian language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our aim in this paper is to describe the ways in which Teodor Corbea, a Romanian Humanist who lived at the end of the 17th century and the beginning of the 18th century, emphasized derivation and synonymic richness in the entries of his dictionary called Dictiones latinae cum valahica interpretatione, in his attempt to suggest Romanian equivalents for the Latin suffix -tūra '-ture'. The analysis of specific language points is carried out from a lexical point of view. Nonetheless, the author does not exclude other types of interpretation. In support of his research, after having presented the historical and cultural context of the epoch, the author compiles an inventory of derivatives containing the suffix in question, which are analysed in detail. The aim is to identify certain structural or lexical-semantic characteristics, while showing, at the same time, the richness of the Romanian language in times gone by. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the existence of internal ethnic diversity within Deaf communities is recognized by several authors, there has been less analysis of the impact of the ethnicity of marriage partners on the development and transmission of identity within Deaf families. This paper addresses language use and crossgenerational identity transmission in ethnic minority or ethnically mixed families set up by Deaf spouses living in Oradea (Romania). The research conducted in the Deaf community of Oradea is based on a survey of ethnic Hungarian Deaf community members (including ethnic Romanian spouses), lifepath interviews with selected Deaf individuals, and family case studies. The research results denote that in the case of Deaf people living in ethnically homogenous marriages who have graduated from a special school in Hungarian language, the transmission of Hungarian identity, knowledge of Hungarian sign language/oral language tends to be a natural, undisturbed process. However, if one of the spouses is of Romanian ethnicity, the language of communication within the family will probably be Romanian sign language/oral language. On the other hand, in families where both minority and majority ethnic family members, Deaf and hearing, are present, complex, multifaceted patterns of linguistic communication may operate, favoring specific multicultural ways of developing and transmitting identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many terms created by modifying or transferring the underlying meaning in current specialized languages, metaphorization being a semantic process at which terminologies are used at all stages of their formation. In the present paper, the metaphorization process in the specialized languages is analyzed, the way in which the meanings of the words evolve in the process of terminology and reorganization of the sports language in Romanian, the conceptual source domains of Romanian sports terms formed by metaphorization were determined and illustrated with concrete examples. As a result of the analysis carried out in the paper, it was found that in the sports language, the terms formed by metaphorization were taken from both the common language (through a terminology process) and from other specialized languages (military, biological, geographic, etc.) , being subjected to the process of re-terminologization. Often, the latter also cross the stage of de-terminologization. Five of the six source domains of conceptual metaphors attested in contemporary Romanian are also found in the specialized sports language: Objects, Plants, Animals, Man, Natural phenomena. There is a trend of predominance of the object-oriented conceptual model and the anthropomorphic one, these categories are the most numerous in the examples chosen by us. The conceptual metaphors of the sports language are based especially on form similarities and those related to the character of movements. The phenomenon can be explained by the fact that most of the metaphor terms are created by association with man's own image and the objects of everyday life, most of which are visual images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mystirio sau, Sacrament, sau, Taine 2, de în ceale 7, Botezul și S[fân]t[ul] Mir (= MYS) is a liturgical handbook for priests printed in 1651 in Târgoviște (Wallachia) at the initiative of Metropolitan Stephen I. This book of small dimensions comprises an introductive guide of sacramental theology for two Sacraments of Christian initiation, namely the Holy Baptism and Holy Chrismation, together with the description of their ordo and other prebaptismal and postbaptismal rites, the Canons of the Apostles and Holy Fathers for the Sacrament of Baptism, the ordo when in extreme urgency occasion arises to give communion to a sick person, a prayer for one who has eaten something defiling and instructions for the confessor priest. Although the prayers, liturgical formulas and scripturistic lectures are printed in Slavonic, the teachings and the rubrics are translated into Romanian language. In this paper the author analyses the liturgical rites described in MYS and, comparing it with other contemporary liturgical documents, demonstrates that while some parts in MYS were taken from an Slavonic Euchologion printed at Câmpulung (Wallachia) in 1635, the primary source of this book is the Kievan Trebnik of Peter Mohyla (1646). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation is a key element in the life of any person: it defines his forms of activity, his success and failures, the directions of his personal and professional development etc. As for the system of education in particular, motivation is one of the most important factors determining the success of teaching process: it is a well-known fact that a motivated student will demonstrate better and longer-lasting results as compared to others. The present article is aimed at the analysis of some possible motivation strategies when teaching Romanian as a foreign language in the framework of the preparatory year practical course. We believe that in this context the issue of student motivation is especially important. On the one hand, some students develop a strong intrinsic motivation, realising the importance of studying the Romanian language for their academic and professional activity. On the other hand, however, in the case of other students, for various reasons, the teacher has to make additional effort in order to motivate them. In this paper we will present some possible strategies and techniques that can be used by the teacher of Romanian as a foreign language at the preparatory year practical course, dividing them into the following groups: motivational strategies from the perspective of teaching activities suggested by the teacher, motivational strategies from the perspective of assessment activities suggested by the teacher and realisation of the motivational profile of the student. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper proposes a methodological approach of the questionnaires of the Romanian Language Museum, studying the way that the indirect linguistic survey was improved in this framework. The introduction of the popular language into the Dictionary of Romanian Language was an important desideratum expressed by B. P. Hasdeu (1884), who collected data using the indirect linguistic survey method, based on a questionnaire that included 206 questions. In order to enrich the lexicographic material for the elaboration of The Romanian Language Dictionary and to obtain preliminary information for the Romanian Linguistic Atlas, Sextil Pușcariu has also fully assumed the indirect linguistic survey method. As he pointed out, it was necessary to collect the facts of the Romanian language before the progress of a unitary civilization would erase the traces of the region specific language. In this respect, the Romanian Language Museum laid the foundations for a systematic strategy of collecting data from spoken language. Having a good knowledge of the results of the indirect linguistic investigation carried out by B. P. Hasdeu in the Romanian cultural space, and taking into account aspects of the previous investigations carried out in Germany and Switzerland, Sextil Pușcariu improved this research method, in order to limit its disadvantages and to maximize its benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the general context of multilingualism and multiculturalism that characterize today's society, the analysis of the languages in contact is a topic of interest for the studies of contemporary contrastive linguistics. The present paper aims at describing the complex phenomenon concerning the present multiethnic and multicultural society, namely the linguistic consequences of immigration, with particular reference to Romanian immigration to Italy. Although limited to sketching some linguistic features of a small sociolinguistic segment, the proposed case study will emphasize the linguistic behaviour of the Romanian or Bessarabian students who attend the lectures of the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures and Modern Cultures of the University of Turin. The present research proposes to observe how their mother tongue is preserved (taking into account that most of the time, these students belong to the second generation of Romanian immigrants who come to Italy) and in which cases the influence of the Italian language (second language for these subjects) over the Romanian language (L1) is manifested ) or vice versa. This paper aims, in particular, to observe the influences exerted by the Italian language (L2) on the mother tongue (LM) of the mentioned subjects, the main objective of the study being to highlight at what levels of the linguistic system the interference between the two languages is manifested, in order to highlight the dynamics of the Romanian language written and spoken by these Romanian native speakers students, members of the Romanian community in Turin, one of the most numerous communities of foreign residents in Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we propose to seek the names of the populations from Antiquity (and Middle Ages) which Teodor Corbea, great representant of Romanian humanism, translated from Latin to Romanian through the word limbã 'people' (pl. limbi) and to analyse the linguistic methods which he applied to better explain the significance of these words in the Romanian language, in the columns of his dictionary, named Dictiones latinae cum valachica interpretatione. Our approach is diachronic and will allow the interpretation of specific language facts from the end of 17th century, when the Romanian language knew essential transformations, justified, especially, by that time scholars' long endeavours to offer to knowledge lovers a noble language that can facilitate the understanding of doctrines or histories inscribed on the papers of the age writings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the principles of writing the Romanian language in relation with the new orthographic dictionary. Phonetic, morphological, syntactical and etymological aspects led to the establishment of a system of rules in the Romanian writing language that can be easily learned and applied. Last year appeared the third edition of the orthographic dictionary regulating current writing. The Orthographic, Orthoepic and Morphological Dictionary of the Romanian Language (DOOM) adapts the writing of Romanian to current requirements, even if some double variants and also linguistic uncertainties are still present. The frequency of errors in today‘s press shows that publishers and journalists show a lack of professionalism, promoting media products of questionable quality, as well as the lack of trust in such valid tools that can improve correct writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, the author aims to continue the detailed analysis of the inherited Latin adjectives used adverbially in Romanian in order to highlight the lexical-semantic and functional features of the word adevăr 'really' in the ancient period, when it had different uses. The starting point for the analysis was some previous contributions, in whose pages aspects concerning adjectives with similar morphosyntactic behavior have been described, some of them, at that time, being presented sequentially, revealing the typological characteristics of the class and less the morphological or the phraseological (implicitly prepositional) variation of each lexical unit. The choice of this adverbial adjective as the main topic of the current analysis is also explained by the fact that, in ancient texts, its number of occurrences was relatively significant because it was often found in the structure of adverbial phraseological units. For a proper interpretation, the author uses a corpus of ancient language (SOR Corpus), which facilitates an objective analysis of language facts. It also refers to similar studies and dictionaries of Romance languages to show the similarities between them, more exactly similar uses, confirming the unity of the Neolatin idioms regarding the adverbials. In this paper, the author will prioritise several perspectives: the etymological, the Romance, the morphological, the structural and the syntactic. The main aim is to illustrate the dynamics of this adverb in the ancient language, which was, naturally, much more striking than nowadays. This analysis will undoubtedly make it possible to identify certain constants and relate them to other adverbial adjectives in order to confirm or refute some trends in the language or to seek the fixing of some structures or the generalization of some particular phraseological variants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this second paper [that intends to bring into the foreground another well-deserved (rather) small number of translators of foreign languages into Romanian] is to complete the former paper published in the previous issue of Studia ( issue no. 10/2011). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knowledge of a new culture always starts with the process of learning the language spoken by its representatives. The pluriculturalism and plurilingualism spread in the European area cease to represent some forms of differentiation, delimitation of people and peoples, but on the contrary, it ensures cultural and political integrity, encourages empathy and understanding. The evolution of these phenomena lies in the urgent need to form connections, to identify the links necessary to facilitate the communication process. The Romanian language, a component integrated to the European pluricultural phenomenon, extends its area of use, which increases the interest for studying it as a foreign language. The primary purpose of promoting the Romanian language as a foreign language in the academic environment is the affirmation and perpetuation of the Romanian linguistic and cultural identity. Being one of the oldest languages in the European space, Romanian has always been the target of linguists and historians, and now it becomes a link that facilitates the connection with the surrounding world. This paper aims to present the Romanian language as an object of study and to point out goals and benefits (development of communication skills, access to knowledge, professional mobility) that make a foreigner to learn it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On several occasions we presented the close connection between man and the plant world and the facts that underlie the denomination and connotation in this plan. Ethnobotany is a fertile source of information for (anthropological) linguistic research. Phononymy reveals the concerns, representations and affective subconscious of the people. The plant names have been suggested to humans by the mysterious "codes" present in the morphology, chromatics, smell, taste, constitution of plant species. Other phytonyms have derived from the different properties of the plants, from their ecology, corology and phenology, from the relationships with other living beings. The fact that they were recorded in various writings is a win for both the Romanian ethnobotany, as well as for linguistics and history. Our work demonstrates the Latin origins of the Romanian language and the propagation of Latinity through botanical terminology, a phenomenon of considerable importance that has not yet been revealed. In this paper we analyze the phytonyms from Southern Transylvania and their implications in linguistic structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We presented on several occasions the close connection between man and the plant world and the facts that underlie the denomination and connotation in this plan. Ethnobotany is a fertile source of information for (anthropological) linguistic research. Phononymy reveals the concerns, representations and affective subconscious of the people. The plant names have been suggested to humans by the mysterious "codes" present in the morphology, chromatics, smell, taste, constitution of plant species. Other phytonyms have derived from the different properties of the plants, from their ecology, corology and phenology, from the relationships with other living beings. The fact that they were recorded in various writings is a win for both the Romanian ethnobotany, as well as for linguistics and history. Our work demonstrates the Latin origins of the Romanian language and the propagation of Latinity through botanical terminology, a phenomenon of considerable importance that has not yet been revealed. In this paper we analyze the phytonyms composed with the help of the Latin originated term „ochi” > oc(u)lus and its implications in the respective linguistic structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper we address expressions that take a passive meaning in Romanian spoken language. We compare these expressions with passive structures acknowledged by grammarians as such in spoken and written language. By this methodology we could delimitate some new oral occurrences for oral Romanian passives. After an attempt to define the passive meaning in a gradual perspective, we analyse occurrences of canonical and non-canonical passive structures in a corpus of spoken Romanian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the hypothesis that the Romanian language and its synonymic system was strongly infuenced by Slavic languages, and accepted many terms of Slavic origin to double the already existing ones, the present paper aims at highlighting both the special role played by this linguistic influence and the opposition between the exotic and non-exotic character of the Slavic words in synonymic series. This implies, before the proper approach, a brief presentation of synonymy-as a microsystem, together with some aspects of its terminology. The paper will show that the Slavic influence upon the Romanian vocabulary, especially upon the synonymy, cannot be neglected, and allows its study to be performed from different perspectives, depending on the instances, series in which the Slavic terms occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being an organ of the Transylvanian Association for Romanian Literature and the Culture of the Romanian People, the „Transilvania” Magazine conducted a campaign for the cultivation and promotion of the Romanian language. The editors and collaborators understood that the development of the consciousness of national unity must take place on the basis of spiritual-religious and the linguistic unity among the Romanians. Among the desires of the Transylvanian scholar were, besides the dissolution of serfdom and the equality of rights between the nationalities of Transylvania, also the national union of all Romanians. Our paper is an overview of the linguistic research hosted by „Transilvania” during the First World War until Romania's Great Union in 1918. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some place names from six villages in the region of Silistra, north eastern Bulgaria, are discussed in this paper. The toponyms of certain Romanian origin are: Korlanka and Korlanovite nivi

In this paper, first of all we will present Linguistic variation in Romanian language (LVLR) and Kabatek's theory. Then we will formulate a methodology for the lexical availability in Romanian language. This subject is not new; it originated in France in 1950s and it studies the words that spring to our mind in response to a 'topic prompt' (the countryside, the city, food and drink, clothes etc.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annual Review of the Faculty of Philosophy / Godisnjak Filozofskog Fakulteta is the property of Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biblioteca: Revista de Bibliologie şi Știinţa Informării is the property of Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper the author deals with the issue of the Romanian language in the Moldavian SSR during the first postwar years. CC of the CP(B) from Moldavian SSR tried several times to determine the loyal researchers from the Institute of Scientific Research to organize teams for writing textbooks of Romanian (named by them Moldavian) language and literature. Also existed the intention to organize courses for Party staff the main part of whom came from abroad and didn't know the Romanian language. All these attempts failes as it shows the report of V. Efimenko who came from Moscow to evaluate the situation of the national staff in the republic in 1947. Even if Moldavian were 68% of inhabitants, in Universities only 25% of students had Moldavian origin. The question of the language was discussed also by writers, but they hadn't the initiative on this topic and waited for suggestions from above. For the majority of the inhabitants the main problem concerning the enseignment was the lack of the textbooks of Romanian Language and Literature, and that's why several times the newspaper were used as source of working texts. This first stage of avatars of the Romanian language in Moldavian SSR ends in 1948 when the Ministery of Education organized a control at the Pedagogical Institute from Chisinau, to establish the way the language and literature were taught. The conclusion was that at the Institute had no textbboks on several courses and the Council of Ministers from Moldavian SSR had to impose the Institute of History, Language and Literature to elaborate the programs for teaching Moldavian language and literature in Universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Memoria Ethnologica is the property of CJCPCT Maramures and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hiperboreea is the property of Balkan History Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present paper focuses on a brief description of a complex phenomenon that concerns the current multiethnic and multicultural society, that is the linguistic consequences of emigration, particularly regarding the Romanian immigration in Italy. The research is based on the analysis of the written productions of the students native speakers of Romanian language who attended a laboratory of Romanian language offered by the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures and Modern Cultures of the University of Turin, and aims at highlighting the influences exerted by the Italian language on the Romanian language of the mentioned subjects and the dynamics of the Romanian language written and transmitted by these young people, members of the Romanian community in Turin, one of the largest communities of foreign residents in Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the author's experience of teaching Romanian language and culture to the A2 foreign students, who study Romanian on an optional basis in a technical university in Romania, this essay focuses on the advantages of using the communicative and the visual method of teaching, offering examples of course activities which motivate the students to learn Romanian and to understand a series of cultural aspects specific to the Romanian people and civilization. The essay evinces the significant role of the visual factor in motivating the foreign students of a Romanian technical university to learn Romanian, facilitating their understanding of the Romanian culture and civilization based on the optional courses of Romanian language. As the foreign engineering students would rather use an international language of communication such as English or French than Romanian for academic purposes and for a future career in a multinational, we argue that by focusing on images and symbols in teaching the Romanian language, culture and civilization, we activate the students' visual and cultural memory and we motivate and enable them to learn Romanian. The visual factor enables the students to learn the Romanian vocabulary and grammar structures easier in an interactive manner. Presenting the foreign students the Romanian cultural material values by means of images depicting the Romanian houses specific to Transilvania, Moldova, Oltenia, Muntenia and Dobrogea, the churches, monuments and castles from these geographical areas, the specific landscape of these areas, and introducing the students to the specific Romanian customs and traditions and to some Romanian works of art, literary works and music, we will encourage them to learn Romanian, arousing their interest and curiosity. By improving the students' capacity to describe images using a varied vocabulary and accurate grammar structures, we will help them to develop their critical thinking and their ability to speak Romanian fluently, arousing their interest in reading fragments from famous Romanian literary works included in the course bibliography. This paper shows that by approaching themes such as the Romanian Village, the Romanian City, Romanian Customs, Traditions and Religious Holidays, and teaching grammar and vocabulary based on these themes using well-selected images and symbols, we awaken the foreign students' cultural conscience, helping them to learn Romanian in an interactive manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Eugenio Coseriu uses the term historical language to refer to a concrete language (e.g. Romanian, English, French, etc.) which is characterized by dynamic features and internal variety (represented by dialects, language layers and styles of language). In our paper, we aim at studying the extent at which the great historian A.D. Xenopol observed and developped the subject of the internal diversity of our national language. Starting from Coseriu's distinctions and terminology, we will try to examine and organize a series of observations made by Xenopol, according to diatopic (dialectal), diastratic (laguage layers) and diaphasic (language styles) differences. Observant of the language spoken by the Romanians from everywhere, the respective scholar recorded in some of his studies certain language facts that are of interest even to these days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unprecedented global technical and economic progress where the United States of America holds supremacy, imposed, in the process of globalization, the necessity of accepting a single language English as means of communication. As a result of the contact with the English language, Romanian current vocabulary has been undergoing, for more than two decades, significant transformations due to the massive borrowing of English words, some meant to fill lexical gaps particularly in the field of economics. These loanwords of English origin did not bring any change upon the grammar structure of the Romanian language but, nevertheless, they cannot be disregarded or overlooked. The present paper brings into discussion the issue of the importance English loanwords had upon the Romanian business vocabulary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present paper is to reconstruct and analyze phenomena connected to the history of migration and mentalities, and also to the history of the Romanian language starting from the analysis of geographic diffusion of the Romanian family names having the suffix -escu in Germany, based on the telephone books from 2005 and on a special program on computer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper demonstrate the fact that in the Romanian language, one of the cardinal numerals has got synonyms (dublet, cuplu, tandem, pereche). The noun pereche is used in parallel with the numeral doi. This noun has distinctive semantic features, depending on the context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Memoria Ethnologica is the property of CJCPCT Maramures and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper discusses the problem of hypercorrectness as a form of incorrect language use, focusing on its occurrence in current Romanian. Hypercorrectness is a mistake made involuntarily by the speaker, stemming from a wrong use of the language rules. Hypercorrectness represents a linguistic deviation/mistake/error occurring as a consequence of another deviation and can often be more serious than the initial one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is still an insufficiently known fact that the mother tongue of the Boyash Roma, who in the Republic of Croatia represents at least half of the Roma minority, is Romanian, or more precisely, varieties of Daco-Romanian. As the number of members of this group in Croatia exceeds a few thousand, they represent a considerable linguistic community whose existence, at least for now, is not compromised as the existence of the Istro-Romanian dialect. In the course of our own field-work we have obtained a linguistic corpus for a valid analysis and description of the language spoken by the Boyash Roma in Croatia. The research revealed that there are three relatively distinct and compact groups of Boyash which, besides having different geographic distribution (most Boyash live in north western, central and eastern Croatian), speak three different varieties of Daco-Romanian. The mentioned language varieties are Baranya-Muntenian, Ludar-Muntenian and Transylvanian. The first two mentioned dialects are linguistically similar to each other, while the Transylvanian dialect differs considerably from the other two, both on phonological and morphological level. The paper will present the most important phonological and morphological characteristics of these three dialects, and the main features that distinguish them from one another. In addition, when it is relevant, we give a comparison to standard Romanian or other related Daco-Romanian subdialects. Although the paper primarily gives a concise linguistic description of the three dialects, in view of the specific topic we will also give relevant social, historical, demographic and sociolinguistic facts concerning Boyash Roma in Croatia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After 150 years since Alexandru Philippide (1859-1933) - the founder of the linguistic school at Iaşi - was born and after 100 years since the first linguistic atlas of the Romanian language (Linguistischer Atlas des dacorumänischen Sprachgebietes) was published by Gustav Weigand (Leipzig, 1909) the disputes between the two linguists are now making the object of this paper which is based on Philippide's polemic work „Un specialist român la Lipsca“ (A Romanian Specialist at Leipzig; Iaşi, 1910). We are presenting the Romanian philologist's critical views on the results of Weigand's dialectal research on Romanian dialects south of the Danube and on Daco-Romanian dialects. Philippide claims that some results of the recordings and their subsequent interpretation were biased by Weigand's insufficient knowledge of the Romanian language and of the history of the Romanian language. This polemic also brings up the issue of Weigand's Ph. D candidates' papers which are criticized for about the same faults. These were published in 15 volumes of a magazine run by Weigand - „Jahresbericht des Instituts für rumänische Sprache (Rumänisches Seminar) zu Leipzig“. Finally we present some points of view regarding the activity of the institute mentioned in the title of the magazine and which was financed by the Romanian State. The head of the institute is criticized for the superior tone of the interventions and especially for the un-academic vocabulary Weigand used in his polemic writings regarding the works of some Romanian linguists. To conclude, we must point out that we should choose, from the linguistic inheritance left by the two scholars, only the positive aspects to create such a synthesis that would be useful to the history of Romanian linguistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]