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The entire educational process to which the future student adheres involves, among other things, the acquisition by him of academic honesty, the essential value lacking which education and research would not be possible. Academic honesty, as a value resulting from the multitude of legal and infralegal provisions, refers to the compliance with the condition that the paper must be the result of the research of the one who presents it to the academic environment, as author. Excluding some exceptions, the student who is in the beginning years of the bachelor's degree, master's degree or doctorate cannot be said to be carrying out a genuine research activity, but he is educated in matters of research, acquiring the methods of carrying out this noble occupation. And, at the same time with this formative process, the student acquires academic honesty with the help of university-level teachers and of the legal norms which are applicable to him. A brief distinction must be made here, in the sense that, if the legal norm is qualified by the doctrine as impersonal1, „lacking feeling", what the university teaching staff conveys to the students, through his acts or deeds, in the context of the process of acquiring the mentioned value, will be the subject of a personal analysis of the student, in relation to the ethics and integrity of the one appointed to shape the destinies of those at the beginning of their journey. The premise of my modest approach is the experience of an event that reflects the aforementioned title, a fact for which I will analyze in the following, in a proper manner and with relevance for those who carry on their activity in the field of ethics and academic integrity, the deed of the university teaching staff to assume, unjustly and as author, the creation of the student and its possible consequence in the sphere of criminal law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is the first part of a much broader approach, started in 2009 and will be published in several editions of the magazine. In the present study, after a laborious documentary, the author makes a short history of writing (from the pictogram ... to phonetic writing) and of the media used for writing (clay tablets, papyrus, parchment, paper), of the writing instruments, of the book and its forms (clay tablets, papyrus roll, parchment), the medieval manuscripts - the Codex, the appearance of libraries in antiquity and in the Middle Ages and, of course, the bibliophiles. From the first part of the study, we find out about the first documentary attested school in our country, about the first norm for the selection of students in the Romanian education, about the oldest written document in Romanian with Cyrillic letters, about the oldest Romanian text printed in Latin, about the drawings and signs on the Tăbliţele de la Tătăria representing, according to the experts, the oldest writing in the world, about the first libraries and about many others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista de Criminologie, Criminalistica si Penologie is the property of Romanian Society of Criminology & Criminalistics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Română de Conservare şi Restaurare a Cărţii is the property of Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)