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Introduction. Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common serious metabolic diseases, with an onset in childhood and it may have a fatal evolution if the appropriate treatment is not administered. The pathogenic substrate of this condition is included in the spectrum of autoimmune diseases, a fact that predicts an accelerated evolution of symptoms. Materials and method. The aim of this paper is to bring to focus the clinical presentation of pediatric patients, whether through a classic symptomatology or a complicated form whose incidence is increasing worldwide. Results. The study was based on the descriptive analysis of clinical data from a group of 77 pediatric patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Thus, data were obtained regarding the prevalence according to age and gender, the prevalence of autoantibodies in the diagnosis of the disease, the incidence of the symptomatology at admission, the presence of dehydration syndrome and diabetic ketoacidosis at the onset of the pathology. Conclusions. All these clinical data are extremely important in the diagnosis of the disease, but the follow-up of the child’s development parameters done by the family physician can suggest the existence of this disease, especially when predisposing factors are present, therefore the diagnosis of diabetes is possible before complications appear. The family doctor has a particularly important role, not only in the early diagnosis of patients with diabetes, but also in their multidisciplinary orientation throughout their lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the environment, the human society progress has gradually turned into a factor of destruction, with disastrous effects on nature. With the advent of human civilization, also came its brutal intervention through the irrational exploitation of resources and the alteration of the environment through pollution caused by industrial, agricultural and household activities. There are toxins, pollutants and heavy metals everywhere in the environment. A proper diet and supplementation with standardized products can help eliminate heavy metals from the body (bioaccumulated), but their source must also be known to limit the body’s exposure and the impact of pollution on the pregnancy, fertility and health of future babies. Heavy metals can be chelated by selenium. Recent studies also show that most people with thyroiditis have a selenium deficiency, often triggering autoimmune diseases (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common systemic autoimmune disease that can be associated with ocular complications – keratoconjunctivitis sicca, episcleritis, scleritis, corneal changes and retinal vasculitis. The purpose of the review is to illustrate the ocular manifestations of RA, focusing on pathogenesis, clinical examination and therapeutic management. Eye manifestations in RA benefit from the use of artificial tears, eye gels, ointments or topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or corticosteroids. Nonresponsive or severe forms should benefit from topical drops containing the supply of immunosuppressants or cyclosporine A. Rheumatic disease-modifying medication (DMARDs) has been reported to be effective in patients with refractory or corticosteroid-dependent cases. Biological substances – infliximab, adalimumab and rituximab – can be used successfully in patients considered nonresponders to synthetic therapy. Surgical treatment is reserved for severe cases, which are associated with local complications. In conclusion, collaborative efforts between ophthalmologists and rheumatologists in the assessment and treatment of patients with RA are essential for the effective management of any ocular complications that may occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strong emphasis on the treatment of autoimmune diseases through allopathic medicine has led to the limitation of treatments based on diet and healthy lifestyle. Funding for drug use studies far exceeded the number of studies that could prove the reliability and success rate in treating these diseases through dietary changes, which is why clinicians currently do not have a sound basis for making recommendations and interventions of nutritional care. With the alarming increase in global chronic diseases, including autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer, and in line with the rising cost of allopathic treatments for these diseases, there has been a crisis in the management of autoimmune diseases, requiring the identification of more effective treatments, both in terms of results and related costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the thyroid level, the fluctuations in hormone secretion primarily affect the patient's metabolism. Therefore, thyroid disorders cause diseases of the cardiovascular system (hypertension, atherosclerosis) and increase the risk of cardiovascular accident. Bipolar mental disorders are also associated with endocrine diseases. Currently, there are no ways to stop the autoimmune process in chronic thyroiditis, but given the state of research, selenium therapy remains the only therapeutic alternative. Current national and international studies focus on assessing the status of selenium in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and the role of selenium supplementation in the disease evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drugs with an effect on the immune system, such as corticosteroids, antihistamines and immunosuppressants, have been and are widely used in the treatment of inflammatory, allergic and autoimmune diseases. Recent advances in immunopharmacological research have provided new classes of clinically relevant drugs. These include protein kinase and biological inhibitors, such as monoclonal antibodies, used not only in the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases, but also in a number of other human pathologies. In this article, certain elements of immunobiology and laboratory immunology are brought back to attention, meant to highlight their indispensable role in immunopharmacological research. There are also presented the main classes of drugs used in the treatment of allergic, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, as well as in the treatment of associated diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic and multisystemic autoimmune disease that can occur in members of the same family. Genetic factors are still unidentified and not all relatives with these risk factors are predestined to develop the disease, but are more likely(1). Relatives of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients appear to be at higher risk of SLE and other autoimmune diseases, but individual family risk estimates are largely unavailable or unsafe. Moreover, the relative contribution of genetic factors, shared and divided into the susceptibility of SLE, remains unclear(2,3). The presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is mainly associated with connective tissue diseases. In addition, their presence can also be found in healthy people. These antibodies are more common in women and in elderly people(4,5). It is known that subjects who are in the preclinical stages of SLE are represented in the healthy population with positive ANA autoimmunity, and the early detection of these antibodies often allows a rapid diagnosis of this disease(3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autoimmune diseases etiology is hard to be determined. It implies the interrelation between genetic and environmental factors. Reactive arthritis is an autoimmune disease that develops in response to an infection, usually with Chlamydia spp., Salmonella spp., Yersinia spp., Shigella spp., Campylobacter spp. Postinfection persistence of bacterial antigens (DNA, RNA, lipopolysaccharide) was demonstrated. Nevertheless, the complete mechanism of reactive arthritis etiopathogenesis remains to be clarified. It seems that gut microbiota plays a key role, its perturbation leading to increased intestinal permeability which results in translocation of the microbial antigens to the joints. Uncovering the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of the disease would help conceive novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of reactive arthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diagnostic and treatment of autoimmune diseases which also involve a chronic HVC became a very important concern for specialists, taking into consideration the grim prognosis of the patients. Though the purpose of the antiviral therapy is targeted on primary liver disease, there are enough reasons regarding the efficiency and safety of using these therapies in patients with associated extra-hepatic manifestations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]