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Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The invention of the printing press in the 15th century revolutionized the way books were produced, making access to learning possible for anyone. In the 19th century, the library became an essential part of psychiatric institutions. Bibliotherapy is developed, which uses books to help people overcome certain problems. The reality offered by digital technology has opened a new era in the history of reading, fundamentally changing the way we read. The progress in communication technology in the 20th century leads to the emergence of the electronic book, thus information is made available online to the reader in a huge virtual library. Augmented reality is discovered, which manages to combine the two mediums, traditional and online, this being an interactive version of a real-world environment, achieved through digital visual elements, using holographic technology. Thanks to the images that come to life, involving more senses, the reader can reach a better understanding of the content. When access and availability are considered priorities, there is no doubt that electronic books are preferred, even though they cause fatigue and eye irritation. The physical book, on the other hand, is remarkably durable, does not need power or internet, can be edited in several editions, and continues to be valuable. In recent years, the demand for paper copies has become increasingly high, generating more than 150 billion dollars in revenue. Thus we ask ourselves the question regarding the survival of the printed book. The answer is, perhaps, surprising, but in an age of digital saturation, the traditional book has made a spectacular comeback in recent years, remaining, it seems, the preferred reading medium of true bibliomaniacs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of an ever growing interest upon environmental protection issue, the study comprises an analyze of the organization and the effectiveness of the public sanitation services both at a union and a national level, starting from the premises of the two dedicated principles: the priority of selective waste collection and the principle „Pay-as-you-throw“, a practical application of a more general „the polluter pays“ principle. Both of these are going to be analyzed from a double perspective: the EU Law (Directive 2008/98/EC) and EU recommendations, on one side, the national law (Law no. 51/2006 of community services of public utilities, GEO no. 92/2021 regarding the waste regime, Law no. 101/2006 of the public sanitation services, Framework Regulation of the public sanitation services etc.), on the other. As this study will show, EU and national law are abundant in regulations determining and detailing these two principles: thus, the theory seems to be clear. These principles are no longer that clear when it comes to their concrete application, due to the lack of detailed rules. The selective waste collection remains, in fact, a simple wish, mostly because the users of the public sanitation service have not received previous proper instruction in this regard, as there are no concrete rules related to how to classify a waste into one of the paper/plastic and metal/glass/biodegradable categories. But also „The polluter pays“ principle is rather an illusion than a reality; even though national laws force its implementation, there are plenty of hurdles in applying it: the inadequate use of the available instruments that determines the waste produced by each individual, or to the difficulties related to condominiums. The article focuses on the analysis of all of these acute issues, taking into account two factual examples -- waste management in the Metropolitan Area of Cluj and Bucharest, -- proposing solutions attempting to ease the implementation of these two key principles concerning public sanitation services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During 1982 the living standard in the county of Timiș (like in the whole Romania) went up in decreasing following both the accelerate process of industrialization and the international energetic crisis, and need to pay back the external falling due. Crops export in order to pay back the external debt led to a ever greater penury of food of prime necessity: bread, sugar, and oil, meat and processed meat, flour, eggs, and butter, milk, cheese, etc. Lack of industrial products or the necessary products for an elementary hygiene – soap, toilet paper, or tooth paste – came together with the ones above. The population in Timiș County had to face the ever frequent stoppages of energy, of warm water, and apartments warming, or long files at the petrol stations or stations for gas cylinders. Such a crisis generated deep dissatisfaction in the county, a population frame of mind the reports of the Timiș County Inspectorate of the Ministry of Inner Affairs registered down and those reports were submitted to the prime-secretary of the County Committee of the Romanian Communist Party. The small retributions the villagers working in cooperates were given (after months and months) emphasized such dissatisfactions, all together with the salaries diminishing for unseating the plans in the case of those who worked in industry where the technological process was stopped for energy stoppages or lack of raw material. The papers register so the tensions of population, their critical reaction against the economical policy promoted by the Romanian communist leaders, and the distrust of people in the communist regime and ever frequent comparisons between the situation in Romania and Poland, an image that realistically put in light the ever less living standard in Romania during the 80s of the past century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our research aims to better understand how public institutions have implemented the rules that guarantee the effective exercise of the right of the civil servant to refuse to sign administrative acts. Law 140/2017 and the 2019 Administrative Code granted the civil servants the right of refusals to sign. These laws protects public sector employees when they raise flags over illegal activities within a government organization. The paper investigates the background procedure that enables effective exercise of refusals to sign right. We seek to better understand how public entities have implemented the rules that guarantee the effective exercise of the right of the civil servant to refuse to sign administrative acts. Trough data collection and analysis, we assess the performance of public entities legal counteractive measures such as the elaboration of the procedure and the book keeping of refusals to sign in a public register published on paper and digital. Our goal is to improve current situation and to make recommendations that lead to limitation of politics influence and ensure the neutrality of civil servants in the exercise of their duties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of REVART: Specialized Review of Theory & Critique of Arts is the property of EDITURA Eurostampa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The celebrated idea of Prussian war strategist Carl von Clausewitz regarding conventional warfare played a dominant role up to the First World War in the West. In his seminal work "On War", Clausewitz posits: "If you want to overcome your enemy, you must match your efforts against the power of resistance!" In a way, his idea was akin to annihilating the enemy's army in major battles. However, this idea was challenged by British military strategist Basil Henry Liddell Hart in his book, titled "The Strategy", by proposing a different military theory called "Indirect Approach". The objective of this paper is based on making a comparative analysis between Clausewitz and Liddell Hart regarding the utility of their military theories in modern warfare. While taking a methodology based on a comparative analysis of the utility of the two doctrines, this paper explores the effectiveness of those military strategies against the current asymmetries in modern warfare. To buttress the reliability of this research, the examples from the Ukrainian war and the Sri Lankan civil war between 1990 and 2009 will be examined. The main objectivity of this paper lies in creating a novel discussion on the merits and demerits of Clausewitz and Basil Liddell Hart's theories of war in contemporary warfare. The results emerging from this research will demonstrate the relevance of re-reading both Clausewitz and Liddell Hart in an era where the orthodox idea of warfare is at stake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the author analyzes the content of two old constitutional reform drafts elaborated in the context of public debates on the topic of elaborating a new Basic Law after the completion of the state unity of the Romanian Kingdom. The first of the drafts was elaborated - as a theoretical work - in 1919 by professor Iuliu Pascu from the University of Cernăuți, and the second, by the politician Constantin Argetoianu. The first draft has remained practically unknown to the constitutional doctrine. The second one was written by its author in the form of a report and presented on 20 December 1922 during the People's Party congress, held in Sibiu between 20-21 December 1922. Subsequently, Constantin Argetoianu published it in a booklet in 1922, practically not included either in the memory of the specialized doctrine. The report presented by Constantin Argetoianu at the congress in Sibiu is, however, included in the memoirs of the venerable politician and can be consulted in his memoir paper published after 1990 in several editions. The two drafts are atypical, in the sense that they were not edited in an ordinary legislative form, but as doctrinal papers, in which the authors presented and supported with arguments their opinions regarding some principles and provisions of constitutional rank, which they considered at that time appropriate legislative solutions for a wide-spread constitutional reform of the Romanian State. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the issues presented by autonomous vehicles on European roads and their regulation according to European legal acts, such as Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 regarding the general safety of vehicles. We will focus on the existing levels of autonomy for vehicles and the types of cars that can be used on both EU roads and in Romania. Additionally, we will compare the proposed and adopted measures within other states and international organizations. Moreover, the paper will address ethical concerns and accountability for the actions of, utilizing mixed research methodologies and employing the method of comparative and empirical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Farmacist.ro is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The premise of this paper is that the constitutional values and traditions of a nation constitute the basic vein of its constitutional development. This process is evolutionary and creative by nature, which means that, in addition to the existing value substrate, society receives new elements and values. The combination of tradition and innovation takes place in a sequence of stages, leading to an emerging evolution. Thus, the paper identifies these constitutional values and traditions as those contained in the acts with constitutional value adopted in the period 1858-1938. The interrelationship between these constitutional traditions and innovative ideas from the European constitutional space can be found in the Constitution of 1991, which perfectly illustrates the emerging evolution of Romanian constitutionalism. The Constitution of 1991 organically combines the elements of constitutional tradition that mainly relate to the institutional construction of the state with the innovative ones aimed at a resettlement and adaptation of the axiological content offundamental rights and freedoms, but also the relationship between the national and European legal order. Of course, the valorization of the constitutional tradition cannot be mimetic, but must be appropriate to the new requirements of the science of law. Under these conditions, the valorization, interrelation and recombination of constitutional values over time reflects an emerging evolution, which proves the continuity of the development movement of Romanian law and its permanent connection to European values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic resilience, considered in this paper as the ability to withstand and recover from economic shocks and disruptions, has become a linchpin of ensuring national security and stability. As demonstrated by conflicts such as the one in Ukraine, where economic sanctions were deployed to diminish an adversary’s capacity to sustain its war efforts, it has become evident that military power alone is insufficient in today’s complex security landscape. A comprehensive approach to defence must incorporate economic considerations, as the economic well-being of a nation is intrinsically linked to its overall security. The main research objectives of this paper are to investigate the concept of economic resilience, from the perspective of the concept of comprehensive defence and the ways it is interconnected with other resilience domains, through the development of an economic resilience index outlining the relative economic resilience of the 29 European countries that are NATO members and to propose a methodology for identifying the main factors that influence the economic resilience from a comprehensive defence point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the 'Carol I' National Defence University / Buletinul Universitatii Nationale de Aparare 'Carol I' is the property of Carol I National Defence University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper discusses one of the most important holy revelations that inspired the legal system of most civilized states. The Decalogue or Ten Commandments represents the foundation of the covenant relationship and the moral standards established by the sovereign God as a legal basis for the continuous relation with his people, Israel. In the first part of this paper we will point to the historical context in which the giving of the law on Mount Sinai took place, and will thus show that the covenant made with Moses was a continuance of the covenant lasting from Noah to Abraham. That being said, in this mosaic covenant, God keeps his 400 year old promise and gives laws and instructions intended to reveal his holy nature, while also establishing a moral, social and spiritual order for the Hebrew community. In the second part of this paper we will debate on the significance, purpose, structure and classification of the Mosaic law, thus attempting to define the concept of moral law. The Ten Commandments will be looked upon from three perspectives: the laws referring to a correct relationship with God, the laws related to work, and the laws related to society. The last part of our paper will focus on understanding and applying the Ten Commandments according to the new covenant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical information has not been approached from a practical point of view until now. In the national area, no studies were found regarding the nature, legal regime, content and practical situation of special personal data, which includes medical information. This study aims to develop the practical situation of medical information, included in the category of special personal data. These are currently recorded in medical files kept in script format, which do not benefit from a coherent regulation and which lack guarantees for the patient's rights regarding the processing of these data. The protection of the right to the processing of special personal data is conferred by European regulation and common law, in the absence of a special regulation designed to ensure the right to the protection of this type of data (medical information). Regulation (EU) 679/2016 contains an extensive regulation of special personal data, through which the medical information and its nature were analyzed in this study. The European norm recognizes a fundamental right to the protection of personal data, which affects medical information. Thus, the legal regime of the right to the protection of special personal data (medical information) was analyzed, as well as the legal nature of these data of public utility, with all the consequences arising from this aspect. In this context, the conflict between this fundamental right and the public interest is addressed, with the aim of providing a solution to solve this conflict. The solution can be the exceptional character of the processing of special personal data, without the consent of the owner of this data. The implications brought by this legal character of the medical information were analyzed, as a pioneer, in the present paper. No further, the present study can form a basis for proper regulation and compliant implementation of the medical record. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important principles in contractual matters, related to the effects produced towards the contracting parties, is that of its binding force, having its source in the will of the contracting parties, in their autonomy of will, sacralized by the power of law recognized to this will. In the introductory part of the study, it was brought into discussion whether the legal power of the binding force of the contract, enshrined in the current Civil Code, is still up-to-date compared to the realities of our days, when, under the influence of economic, social and globalist phenomena, we are witnessing a limitation of the freedom of will, to its censuring at legal level, to the possibility of the judge to adjust the contract, even beyond the will of the parties. As support for the argument, reference was made to the UNIDROIT principles, to the Principles of the European Contract Law, to the Reference Framework Project, to the Portuguese Civil Code and to that of Quebec, which enshrine the binding force of the contract, without confering it the power of law. The binding force of the contract subsists because the objective law, the legislation, recognizes and grants it, and the private norm, as the law of the parties, which details the binding nature of the contract, must be in accordance with the objective law, without being assimilated with the objective legislation. In outlining the principle of the binding force of the contract, we bent over and brought into discussion the distinction between the obligational nature and the binding nature of the contract, which operates regardless of the obligational or non-obligational content of the contract. The binding nature of the contract, its binding force, acts not only with regard to its content, as it is established by the express or implicit clauses, from its interpretation, from the implied clauses that are part of the contract [Article 1272 (2) of the Civil Code], but also regarding the extended and accepted clauses or the negotiated or common standard clauses, even if, in our opinion, the latter represent a way to supplement the contract. Contractual fidelity is analyzed in this study not only from the perspective of the debtor, bound by the fulfilment of the obligation assumed with the diligence of a good owner, but also from the perspective of the creditor, whose conduct must not make the execution of the contract more difficult. Cooperation seen as a means of achieving the common interest entails the creditor's duty to minimize the damage, in the case of the debtor's abdication from the binding force of the contract. In terms of the binding force of the contract, its modification and cessation are examined in relation to the principle of symmetry and asymmetry, the first having as its basis the agreement of the parties, and the second the contractual clause or the legal provision. In the operation of the mutual cessation of the contract, the study distinguishes between revocation and termination, and in terms of the extent of the effects, between future cessation and retroactivation of the cessation, when the nature of the services allows it. In the approach to unilateral denunciation, of contractual or legal origin with a mutual character, there were discussed the mitigated and derived aspects of the operation of denunciation, with regard to some contracts, the exercise of this potestative right in good faith and the protective features of contract retraction, in the matter of consumer protection. Likewise, the particularities of the forced cessation of the intuitu personae contracts, included among the cases of contract lapsing, were emphasized, and the legislative interventionism in the modification of the contract in various forms of manifestation was explained and justified by the social utilitarianism of contracts. The study emphasizes the restrictive character of the adaptation of the contract as a means of safeguarding it, associated with those effects that come out of the zone of reasonable risk, seriously affecting the contractual balance and calling into question the contractual justice. The adaptation of the contract goes beyond the framework of interpretation of the clauses, sometimes calling into question their modification, whenever it is imposed by the requirement to revive the ratio of proportionality, to ensure the utility and social security of the contract. The paper deals with the problem of adapting the contract in the spirit of the decisions of the Constitutional Court, which transpose the adaptive process of the contract, by identifying the balance point of the benefits, without reducing it to their value threshold and without ignoring the circumstances or the fluctuations that occurred after the conclusion of the contract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to underline the specificities of Theodor Fontane's work Wanderungen durch die Mark Brandenburg as a place of remembrance – and subsequently of the places of remembrance it contains – as well as the importance that this very comprehensive text has until today for the cultural space of Berlin-Brandenburg. The paper highlights a dynamic of cultural memory that ranges from overlaying places of remembrance to the emergence of new ones. The project has been completed and illustrated with some walks undertaken by the author of the article in the footsteps of Fontane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses the legal professions' digitalization topic from the perspective of growing the competitiveness of legal and para-legal professionals using the Legal Research Software applications. In the paper, according to „The Generic Valuer Chain" described by Michael Porter, the activities of a lawyer or a legal advisor are mapped, thus identifying the main activities - the activities that directly create the final client's perception of value for the services received. Next, are identified the theoretical and operational models which correspond to the „Value Chain". Later, analysing those models, are determined the optimal characteristics that a Legal Research Software should have. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Iurisprudentia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the 'Carol I' National Defence University / Buletinul Universitatii Nationale de Aparare 'Carol I' is the property of Carol I National Defence University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article looks into the changes brought in 2020 by the COVID‑19 pandemic and consequent restrictive measures into the existence of Romanian human trafficking victims, beneficiaries of assistance programmes, in the sense of access to services, but with a focus on mental health challenges. It highlights the perspective of a psychotherapist providing psychological intervention on how the pandemic changed the psychotherapeutic context, framework and dynamics with clients. The paper also takes into account the victimized clients’ perception on the experience of life during COVID‑19 pandemic and how it affected their mental health. The purpose of this paper is to provide a broader image on how impactful the fast adjustment to a VUCA context has been for the most vulnerable, putting a significant burden on their mental wellbeing (activating post‑traumatic symptoms, anxiety, loss, partially processed painful experiences resurfacing), also in terms of restricting access to assistance and other services. A second objective was to offer the professional’s experience on the need to re‑organize the conditions of their work, not having certainty in predicting the results. The paper uses qualitative methods, the psychotherapist’s reflections, being completed by the clients’ perceptions obtained in psychotherapy and in a focus group (on the challenges victims perceived and how their mental wellbeing was impacted), afterwards synthesized in a group report, corroborated with the findings of a dedicated qualitative research and a body of theory centred on psychological trauma. In order to effectively address the impact of the COVID‑19 pandemic on the trafficking victims’ mental wellbeing, the continuity and coherence of assistance services needs to be ensured, particularly of psychological assistance. The victim clients shared the relational difficulties they faced in their family environments which they could no longer distance from, most of which had already been tensed before, or mentioned challenges experienced while living alone and had few social relations. Thus, the paper highlights once again the necessity in difficult times to secure the most vulnerable in terms of physical health, emotional health and economic wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brasov Medical Journal / Jurnal Medical Brasovean is the property of Transilvania University of Brasov, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sorin Stati was a prestigious Romanian scientist whose 54-year of scientific activity included 220 papers and 130 lectures. Born in Romania, he studied at the University of Bucharest and worked from the beginning as a member of large research teams within the Romanian Academy. Single and collaborative works written up until 1972 and published in the country were exceptional, decisively changing the movement of Romanian linguistic ideas. After 1972, when he emigrated to Italy, the distinguished professor held a second doctorate and a chair at the University of Bologna. From then until his death, through his works and throughout his activity, he opened new theoretical perspectives both in the study of syntax and pragmatics, dialogue, in the analysis of the 'transfrastic' relationships, lexicology and semantics. His ability to influence these fields lies in the volumes that the international academic community offered at the age of 65, but also in the number of articles and homage volumes dedicated to Sorin Stati after 2008, the year of his death. The publication of his works continued ten years after his death. I personally owe him a large part of my linguistic thinking, being decisively influenced by his wonderful and fertile ideas during the period when I was preparing my PhD thesis. The bibliography of Sorin Stati's works, as seen above, was made up of two incomplete editions, without being unified so far with his other works. That is what we intended in this article. In addition to the previous bibliographies, we record here the understandings, respectively the reviews of his works, but also the homage articles and volumes without which, we think, a bibliography of any scientist remains incomplete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economica: Revistă Ştiinţifico-Didactică is the property of Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova (AESM) / Academia de Studii Economice din Moldova (AESM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Family Medicine / Revista Română de Medicina Familiei is the property of Media DOM Express and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Family Medicine / Revista Română de Medicina Familiei is the property of Media DOM Express and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Civil Engineering / Revista Română de Inginerie Civilă is the property of Matrix Rom and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Nutrition is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Româna de Dreptul Muncii is the property of Wolters Kluwer Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper analyses the concepts of violence and harassment at work in order to: (i) better understand the complexity of the processes; (ii) promote a multidimensional perception of the role played by colleagues and superiors; (iii) more clearly define the two concepts and while observing the links between conflict and harassment. The analysis is based on the definition of the concepts, the regulation at international, European and national level, as well as the impact on workers' mental health and the reflection of their application in judicial practice both from the employer's and the worker's perspective, in the context of Romania's ratification of the ILO Convention No 190/2019 on the elimination of violence and harassment in the world of work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magistrates, judges and prosecutors, as the main actors on the legal scene, do not benefit from absolute immunity, therefore they can be held legally liable, which wears the five forms, respectively: criminal, civil, moral, contraventional and disciplinary. To avoid this, magistrates must demonstrate good faith and responsibility, both professionally and personally. In the paper, special emphasis is placed on disciplinary liability, indicating what constitutes disciplinary misconduct, what is its structure and what are disciplinary violations, as well as disciplinary sanctions with the addition of examples from the practice of the two sections of the Superior Council of Magistracy, as a disciplinary court, as well as the panel of 5 judges of the ÎCCJ, as an appeals court. At the end, the disciplinary process is presented, indicating the stages that must be completed in order to bring the magistrate judge or prosecutor to disciplinary responsibility. In the paper, I proposed by law ferenda, the addition within article 271 of Law no. 303/2022 regarding the status of judges and prosecutors of the disciplinary offense of noncompliance with the decisions of the Constitutional Court or the decisions issued by the ÎCCJ, in the resolution of appeals in the interest of the law and in the prior resolution of some legal issues; because there is an extremely high risk that the magistrates will not give importance to these decisions, since their non-compliance is no longer provided as a disciplinary offence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the level of Romanian legislation, the accountability of deliberative authorities – the Government, local councils, or county councils – is regulated within a complex framework that includes both specific legal provisions and general principles of the rule of law. The observance of these regulations highlights both positive aspects and areas where institutional efficiency often encounters obstacles. This paper aims to analyze, at the level of local public administration, the manner in which the accountability of deliberative authorities is regulated and, more importantly, how the regulation manages to cover difficult situations arising in the functioning of the institution without affecting the basic architecture of the state. The study also presents a specific case where the accountability of a local council intervenes and follows the entire process of applying the regulation with all its consequences. The conclusion, reflected in the title of the paper, states that the institution is not fully protected in extreme situations; moreover, the intervention of a form of accountability–specifically, the dissolution of the local council – results in affecting the constitutional principle of local autonomy, allowing the functioning of an administrative-territorial unit without a deliberative authority for the entire duration of a mandate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Practica Veterinara.ro is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the growing tensions between Russia and Ukraine and their impact on regional and global geopolitical dynamics, focusing on the importance of military organizational management in this complex situation. The confrontation between the two countries, fuelled by Moscow's geopolitical aspirations to consolidate its control over Ukraine, has escalated into a military conflict with far-reaching repercussions. Ukraine's rapprochement with the European Union and NATO has exacerbated tensions, generating indirect arms deliveries and threatening regional stability. In this context, military organisational management becomes crucial to manage and mitigate the escalation of the conflict. The capacity for strategic planning and coordination of military actions is essential to maintain stability and prevent wider conflict. Also, the ability to manage human and material resources effectively and strategically can influence the outcome and duration of conflict. In addition, it is important to stress that tensions between Russia and Ukraine not only have bilateral consequences, but also affect relations between Russia and NATO. Military management must therefore be adaptable and address the complex and interlinked challenges of this rapidly changing geopolitical context. The paper further argues that an appropriate approach to military organisational management can be essential for managing the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, as well as for maintaining regional and global stability in the face of the complex challenges of current geopolitical tensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the legal framework, the criminal patterns and the effective legal instruments used by the Romanian judicial authorities to sanction the laundering of the criminal proceeds resulting from the illicit traffic in cultural goods and the recovery of artefacts that are emblematic for the Romanian cultural heritage. The study highlights the importance of achieving a consistent jurisprudence, the relevance of specialized judicial bodies, as well as the significance of the role of international judicial cooperation, through EUROJUST, EUROPOL, INTERPOL, for the purpose of sanctioning the traffic and in the recovery of stolen and recycled goods: spiral bracelet hoards, gold monetary hoards and Lex municipalis Troesmensium plates. The investigative methodology and jurisprudence analyzed indicate the effective tools for the full recovery of emblematic cultural assets lost by the national cultural heritage, in the period 1996-2007, in a difficult internal and external context1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Nutrition is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Nutrition is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The conflict between Ukraine and the Russian Federation has been characterized not only by military and geopolitical tensions, but also by the pervasive influence of propaganda and disinformation. In this context, understanding the role and impact of propaganda and disinformation becomes crucial. This paper explores the dynamics of propaganda and disinformation in the Ukraine-Russia conflict, examining how both sides utilize these tactics to shape narratives, influence perceptions and garner support domestically and internationally. Additionally, it seeks to highlight the challenges posed by propaganda and disinformation to truth, democracy, and conflict resolution efforts, while also emphasizing the importance of media literacy, transparency and international cooperation in countering these threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlighting the importance and actuality of the elements of negotiated justice in the criminal trial, this study deals with the issue of the statement given by the defendant during the criminal investigation, as an expression of his consent in order to conclude a guilty plea agreement. The institution of the guilty plea agreement, as a form of negotiated justice, was introduced into the procedural-criminal legislation in Romania through the provisions of the current Criminal Procedure Code (entered into force on 1 February 2014). Starting from an aspect of non-unitary practice regarding the legal consequences of the defendant's withdrawal of consent regarding the admission of guilt, as well as from the finding, by the Constitutional Court of Romania, of the unconstitutionality of some provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code regarding the guilty plea agreement procedure (including in relation to the statement given by the defendant in order to conclude the agreement), the present work brings into discussion the difficulty of adapting the adversarial elements to the continental law system to which the Romanian law is also part. The research methods used for the elaboration of the study are: the documentation, the observation and the scientific analysis, including aspects of comparative analysis (between the Anglo-Saxon legal system and the continental one, between the procedural-criminal legislations of several European states, as well as between the special procedure of the guilty plea agreement and the simplified trial procedure in the case of admission of guilt in the regulation of the current Romanian Criminal Procedure Code). The paper presents the solution pronounced by the Romanian High Court of Cassation and Justice (in the Decision No 5/2017) for the unification of the judicial practice, in the sense of establishing the irrevocable character of the recognition of guilt made under the conditions of a validly expressed consent. Likewise, in the context of the legislative changes foreseen by the most recent draft law on the amendment and completion of the Criminal Procedure Code, approved by the Government of Romania on 28 December 2022, the paper formulates a concrete proposal, de lege ferenda, for the implementation of the Constitutional Court Decision No 490/2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Information Technology & Automatic Control / Revista Română de Informatică și Automatică is the property of National Institute for Research & Development in Informatics - ICI Bucharest and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is expanding and taking over more and more aspects of our lives. Connecting the environment and people to the Internet means that security threats in this environment are also transferred to them. Ensuring a sufficiently high level of security in IoT infrastructures is difficult due to the limited resources and heterogeneity of this environment. In this paper I have addressed some of the basic security services like authentication and authorization, in an attempt to identify those features that are essential for deployment in IoT infrastructures. Thus, I have classified authentication methods according to the credentials, highlighting those that are suitable to be used by IoT devices. I have analyzed the existing authorization methods and identified the coverage of some properties that need to be fulfilled for widespread use in IoT environments. Finally, I identified types of identity management systems according to the degree of centralization and the technologies used. Such a comprehensive analysis of existing access and identity management solutions with real-world applicability in IoT environments highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each solution and is a real support for security architects designing IoT networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work aims to focus on a number of articles selected by the interwar agents of the Department of National Security from the lines printed in Floarea de foc magazine, a magazine founded in Greater Romania, in the context of heterogeneous socio-political metamorphoses and the accelerated development of modern Romanian society. The present paper contributes to a qualitative analysis of how political power generated ideologizing identities in interwar publication texts. In order to diagnose the way in which the publication under the leadership of Sandu Tudor positioned itself in relation to the ideological and cultural imperatives of the time and to distinguish the nuances of the regimentation of journalists and intellectuals within the horizon of a political ideology, the analysis approached an interdisciplinary perspective, which would allow perceiving the distinction between the journalist's language and the interwar Security Department agent's language. Thus, we confronted the data obtained from the notes prepared by the interwar Security Department, found today in the files of the CNSAS Archive, with the information obtained from the set of articles published under the signature of the authors investigated by the state institutions, in order to penetrate beyond the objectives of the interwar Security Department work, which consisted in gathering different types of information. Also, the paper corroborated the intrinsic information obtained mainly from the textual analysis (at the semantic, syntactic and narrative level) with the extrinsic data (ideology, sociogram, social fields) provided, for the most part, from the socio-critical investigation of texts from the interwar press and Archive documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pandectele Române is the property of Wolters Kluwer Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Veterinary Medicine & Pharmacology is the property of Innovation in Health Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Româna de Dreptul Muncii is the property of Wolters Kluwer Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper focuses on the legal effects triggered by the revocation of pension decisions over the employment relations, with a special emphasis on the case where the employer ascertains the termination of employment as a result of the employees’ decision to retire. First, we perform a critical analysis of the Decision No 54/2022 rendered by the High Court of Cassation and Justice, where the Court basically ruled that the rejection of a request to benefit from old age pension with the reduction of the standard retirement age during a review process triggers the application of the Civil Code rules on the effects of nullity in what concerns the employers’ decision ascertaining the termination of employment by operation of law under Article 56 (2) and Article 56 (1) c) of the Labour Code. Concretely, we argue that the ruling rendered by the High Court of Cassation and Justice ignores the legal requirements concerning the revocation of administrative acts, namely for these acts not to have entered the civil circuit, as a well the particularities of employment relations, which are incompatible with a tale quale application of the civil nullity principles. Secondly, the study concentrates on the elaboration of de lege ferenda proposals aimed at clarifying the legal regime applicable to employment relations in case where the act based on which the termination of employment is ascertained is annulled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current article aims to underline the main ideas regarding the regional discrepancies in Romania, making reference to Cohesion Policy, a strategic instrument in the European Union which contributes to strengthening cohesion between regions. Since its accession in the EU in 2007, Romania has seen an impressive social-economic growth. However, nowadays, there are high gaps between its eight development regions, with Bucharest-Ilfov region being the most developed and three others, North-East, South-Muntenia and South-West Oltenia underperforming. Apart from general statistical data in this regard, the paper presents two theoretical concepts: administrative capacity and strategic planning, that the author considers relevant in understanding the reason of the slow rhythm of growth and development of some regions. Lastly, the paper wishes to be an incipient theoretical study that would initiate new applied research on the regional imbalances in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of rapid urbanization and increasing population density, the livability of cities has become a major topic of interest for authorities and researchers. This paper explores the concept of livability, highlighting its historical evolution and its interaction with notions such as quality of life and sustainability. Using the PRISMA methodology for a systematic literature review, the paper identifies the determinants of livability and analyzes the various definitions and measurements associated with it. Additionally, case studies from Vienna and Copenhagen are presented as examples of best practices in enhancing urban livability. The paper emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach that combines objective and subjective factors to create sustainable and pleasant urban environments for residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]