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The paper brings forward some of many achievements of women scientists in the 20th and 21st century medicine. Their essential contributions changed the medical specialities to the present day. The first and perhaps best known laureate is Marie Sklodowska-Curie, who is also the only scientist to win two Nobel Prizes in two different sciences. In total, there were twelve women honored with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Some of them also showed interest in other fields, like ethics. The most remarcable traits of these female Nobel laureates were ambition, open-mindedness and patience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper brings forward some of many achievements of women scientists in the 20th and 21st century medicine. Their essential contributions changed the medical specialities to the present day. The first and perhaps best known laureate is Marie Sklodowska-Curie, who is also the only scientist to win two Nobel Prizes in two different sciences. In total, there were twelve women honored with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Some of them also showed interest in other fields, like ethics. The most remarcable traits of these female Nobel laureates were ambition, open-mindedness and patience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Menopause and the associated symptoms are a continuing challenge for a more specific therapy that presents a good benefit-risk ratio. Hormone replacement therapy remains the first treatment option, despite its present risks. It is very important to individualize the therapy, depending on age, the characteristics of the symptoms and the patient's history. Another important aspect is the choice of the most suitable pharmaceutical form for the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus is a more and more frequent chronic condition, with long-term complications generating significant morbidity and mortality. Different types of insulinotherapy regimen are used for type 1 diabetes mellitus. For type 2 diabetes mellitus, there are a lot of therapeutic options, which often combine each other; eventually, for many diabetic type 2 patients, insulin is also added. Healthy eating, weight control, increased physical activity and diabetes education are cornerstones in every diabetes therapeutic approach. Pharmacist should possess knowledge about diabetes mellitus progression and complications and also knowledge about antidiabetics, in order to counsel antidiabetics use and promote good adherence to treatment among diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory process of the pancreatic acinar cells. In severe cases of acute pancreatitis development can lead to multiple organ dysfunction. International studies in recent decades have highlighted numerous prognostic factors in severe acute pancreatitis: clinical, biological, intraopera-tive and pathological. Our research aims to identify the factors of prognosis in severe acute pancreatitis. The study was prospective and included a sample of 238 patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis and its complications. Of all patients, 43.28% had severe acute pancreatitis, and 58.83% were male. Age over 55 years was found in 52.43% of patients with severe form and only 33.33% of patients with mild form. Female patients with obesity and aged between 60 and 80 years more frequently develop acute pancreatitis. Mortality among obese patients with the severe form is four times higher than in obese patients with mild form. Although female patients appear more frequently develop complications, total number of deaths occurring in obese patients is higher in males compared to the females. Conclusion. Age and obesity are factors useful for more precise prediction of severity of acute pancreatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The aim of the study was to analyze the association between body mass index (BMI), sleep quality and physical activity. Material and methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study on a sample that included a total of 241 adults randomly selected, to respond to standardized questionnaires on physical activity levels and sleep quality. Assessment of nutritional status was done by measuring and weighing participants to determine BMI. Results. The average duration of sleep was 8.06 hours, the fall asleep interval was of 20.87 minutes and the number of hours of restful sleep per night of 7.14 hours. A total of 88 participants (36.5%) had a poor quality of sleep. Sleep duration was significantly correlated with energy expenditure during work (p=0.024) and recreational activities (p=0.006). Sleep quality was correlated only with energy expenditure in recreational activities (p=0.007). Average and total sedentary time was associated positively with the BMI. BMI increased with poor sleep quality (r=0.177, p=0.006) and daytime sleepiness (r=0.183, p=0.004). Conclusion. The association between BMI, sedentarism, recreational physical activity and sleep quality overlap current nutrition recommendations or physical activity which recommends regular exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 2 diabetes is based on complex physiopathological mechanisms, mainly represented by insulin resistance and β cell dysfunction, the latter mechanism being in fact the defining one in the clinical expression of the disease and its progressive evolution. Unfortunately though, the conventional class of antihyperglyce-mic drugs only manage to partially fight against the pathogenic components of the disease and are accompanied by a series of limitations on their usage, including: weight gain, digestive intolerance, increased risk of hypoglycemia. Moreover, there have been studies showing that the use of certain hypoglycemiant agents has been associated with an increase in cardiovascular events. In this context, a recently developed strategy in order to obtain an optimal glycemic control is aimed at using a new class of drugs represented by DPP-4 inhibitors. Through their action of inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), they extend the life of endogenous incretins: glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and amplify their biological effects. Therefore, besides enhanced glycemic control, DPP-4 inhibitors seem to have a number of additional benefits: neutral weight, improved β cell function, cardiovascular protection, which might confer them an important role in current medical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, predominantly degenerative, which is associated with a cognitive decline and, in the social functioning, with a progressive evolution, mostly irreversible. The involvement of the genetic factor was signaled only in early-onset Alzheimer's disease, in which the neurodegenerative mechanisms are correlated to the genetic modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gheorghe Moceanu (1835-1909) was the first teacher of gymnastics, fencing and peasants' dances from Romania. Our paper is intended to be an homage to his memory, at the fulfillment of 105 years since he died. Besides some important date about his biography and achievements in the field of physical education, there are presented the appreciations of some of his contemporaries: Nicolae Iorga, Cella Delavrancea and Onoriu Cheţianu. Another aim of our paper is to present a rare book, elaborated by him and entitled "The History, Anatomy and Hygiene of Gymnastics, Following the Most Significant Authors, with the Principal Figures and Explanations about Bathes and School of Swimming". The book was published several times, the forth one being published in 1881, in Bucharest. Moceanu mentioned in the introduction on this book that he elaborated it translating the chapters about the history, anatomy, physiology and hygiene of gymnastics from a book written by Junot and Senglet, adding some figures and explanations from a study of Moritz Kloss about bathes and swimming school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The release of hepatic glucose into circulation is essential for brain functions, but also for mantaining the organism homeostasy during fasting. Glucose levels are regulated through quite well-known hormonal mechanisms, still it was recently discovered a new hormone involved in the glycemia control, asprosin. This biomolecule is produced by the adipose tissue and is found in nanomolar levels. Also, modern technology allowed for another discovery, an enzyme that modulates lipid and glucose metabolism, glycerol 3-phosphate phosphatase (G3PP). It directly hydrolizes glycerol 3-phosphate into glycerol. Recent publications reported correlations between this enzyme and glycolisis, ATP production, gluconeogenesis and fattyacids oxidation in hepatocytes and pancreatic β-cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]