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Subhyaloid hemorrhage is defined as a localized detachment of vitreous from the retina caused by the accumulation of blood, which can lead to sudden and severe loss of vision when it takes place in the macular area. The treatment ranges from conservative to posterior vitrectomy depending on the cause, age and the status of other eye.

The authors present the case of a patient diagnosed with a conjunctival tumor. Questions are being asked about the nature of the tumor--is there just a melanocitic conjunctival tumor or a scleral extension of a intraocular tumor (that also infiltrates the cornea). A minimally invasive surgical approach is decided, with excellent intra- and post-op results. There have been no complications during 1 year of combined ophthalmologist - oncologist surveillance.

Choroidal folds are quite difficult to recognize and are frequently over-passed, although they have a characteristic aspect at the fundus examination. They are not a diagnosis but a clinical sign, that may be idiopathic or in association with an ocular pathology. Recognizing them can orientate in establishing a certain diagnosis. We present here the main causes of choroidal folds, and a detailed description of their clinical aspects, hoping that this important clinical landmark will be more easier to recognize and interpret.

The authors present the case of a young woman with the diagnosis of late juvenile glaucoma. The treatment began in the very moment of the diagnosis but the lack of compliance, as well as the associated risk factors, led to a evolution difficult to control only through medical therapy, which is why we also used laser and surgical treatment. At present, the anatomical and functional status is stable but the long-term prognosis is reserved.

The authors present the case of a patient who suffered a penetrating ocular trauma due to wood IOFB. An emergency surgery is initiated for the traumatic cataract, afterwards the IOFB is extracted through posterior vitrectomy. The patient seeks medical help after another 3 weeks, being diagnosed with retinal detachment, which is solved surgically.

This article presents the vitreous substitutes used in vitreoretinal surgery, emphasizing the complications of intraocular tamponade: refractive considerations, common toxicity of gases and silicone oil, specific toxicity of silicone oil, intraocular pressure abnormalities and lenticular complications.

We present a severe acute postoperative endophthalmitis, after a phacoemulsification procedure with a clear cornea incision, and we emphasize the importance of an early total vitrectomy.

The mature cataract with hard nucleus still represents one of the most difficult task for modern phacoemulsification. The author presents some practical advise concerning both less experienced and experienced surgeons.

The continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) has paved the way for advancements in phacoemulsification by providing a tear-resistant opening in the anterior capsule. This article presents the advantages of the (CCC) and the management of challenging situations related to the (CCC).