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The purpose of this study is to highlight the influence of cultural policies carried out in communist Romania in constructing the concept of "literary generation" between 1948 and 1965. Firstly, we focus on the militantly Marxist-Leninist discourse of official legitimization regarding a so-called “contingent” of poets who graduated from the "Mihai Eminescu" School of Literature and Literary Criticism in Bucharest between 1950 and 1955. In the second part of the article, we turn our attention to the ideological necessity of reinterpreting the phrase "young generation" in the context of the proliferation of the idea that writers are "builders of socialism" (1956-1960). Here, we focus on the polemical interaction between the "generation of the fight against inertia", represented by Nicolae Labiș (1935-1956), and the generation promoted "under the sign of the Revolution", represented by Nichita Stănescu (1933-1983), Ilie Constantin (1939-2020), and Cezar Baltag (1939-1997). In the last section of our discussion, we underline the dialectic between propaganda and aesthetics from which emerged what Romanian literary history records as the "(19)60s generation", and its references the 9th Congress of the Romanian Communist Party (July 1965) and Ion Pop's synthesis work Poezia unei generații ["The Poetry of a Generation"] (1973), in which the literary critic also includes Nicolae Labiș.

The medical and dental fields are experiencing a significant shift in approach thanks to the integration of artificial intelligence (AI). With a vast influx of patient data, there is a pressing need for sophisticated software capable of organizing and preserving this information effectively. The emergence of AI-driven models and computer vision techniques for identifying patterns in clinical and histopathological images related to oral pathology lesions holds promise for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and prognostic predictions. While microscopic morphology remains the gold standard in diagnostic pathology, its reliance on individual pathologists introduces variability. Consequently, AI presents a potential solution for achieving consistent and more precise diagnoses. Moreover, by analyzing extensive data from the patients’ medical chart the artificial neural network could provide a presumptive diagnosis and an invaluable screening tool in predicting individual risk for oral pathology based on information regarding their risk factors, systemic diseases and conditions and clinical pathological data. Within oral and maxillofacial pathology, AI stands poised to elevate diagnostic accuracy, tailor treatment, and ultimately enhance patient outcomes. Nevertheless, the integration of AI in healthcare demands meticulous attention to ethical, legal, and regulatory complexities. Moreover, given the nascent nature of AI technology, prudence is paramount when deploying it in this specialized domain.

This study aimed to evaluate the degree of periodontal involvement in subjects with and without bruxism, with generalized chronic periodontitis of varying severity grades, and to assess the effects of occlusal correction therapy in association with non-surgical periodontal therapy on periodontal status. The following periodontal parameters were analyzed: probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), Papilar bleeding index (PBI) and Plaque Index (PI), and X-rays, at the initial (pre-therapeutic) moment and at 3 months after therapy completion. The present study demonstrated that bruxism generates significant clinical changes in a periodontopathic environment. High values of periodontal attachment loss, recessions, missing teeth, tooth mobility, and furcation lesions translate into major losses of periodontal tissue in patients with periodontal disease and bruxism. Periodontal therapy, combined with occlusal correction and bruxism therapy, resulted in statistically significant improvements in periodontal parameters. Thus, occlusal trauma therapy in patients with bruxism becomes an absolute necessity in periodontal therapy.

The orofacial region are often affected by a diverse spectrum of bacterial, viral, fungal, chlamydial, rickettsial, protozoal, and helminthic infections. Diagnosis of oral candidiasis is often made with a thorough history and the clinical examination findings. Some laboratory investigations can also be used as adjuncts to confirm the clinical presentation. Candida pathogens in a smear taken directly from the lesion are commonly identified using Gram staining or periodic acid Schiff staining, or by culturing the pathogen in Sabaraud’s dextrose agar. Regardless of the prevalence, incidence, and the advancement of treatment strategies, orofacial infections, either local or the manifestations of a generalized infection, may cause significant discomfort and suffering. Oral clinicians need to be equipped with up-to- date knowledge of the clinical pictures of new infections, approaches in accurate identification of orally limited infections vs oral manifestations of underlying systemic diseases. Treatment of oral candidiasis is primarily based on the identification of underlying predisposing factors and correcting them.

It is important for patients to understand that these conditions can be treated, but the success of treatment greatly depends on their level of oral hygiene. Selecting the appropriate toothbrush and mastering the correct brushing technique to effectively remove dental plaque while avoiding any potential damage to the gums. In addition to toothbrushes, there are other devices available for comprehensive dental cleaning, such as floss, interdental sticks, interdental brushes, and oral irrigators. Currently, self-care recommendations for dental implants are primarily based on existing knowledge regarding natural teeth cleaning. Patient education on oral hygiene is an important component of their overall treatment. Maintaining a regular oral hygiene routine is essential for taking care of our mouths, ensuring healthy teeth, and achieving fresh breath. In conclusion, biofilm disruption mechanical methods integrated is indispensable for comprehensive oral healthcare.

The presentation aims to answer the following question: what would be the optimal solutions that should be implemented in our country to make the activity of agencies more efficient in the context of the need to provide public services of increasingly high complexity and quality? Based on the experiences of other states, the historical context and the current social developments, we will identify possible solutions, but we will also take into account the expectations of the citizens in relation to the reform in this sector.

Pregnancy is a unique physiological state characterized by hormonal fluctuations and immunological adaptations that can impact various aspects of maternal health, including oral health. The influence of pregnancy on periodontal status has been the subject of extensive research, with studies highlighting the association between gestation and changes in the oral cavity. Elevated levels of estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy have been implicated in the exacerbation of gingival inflammation and periodontal disease progression. Immunological changes, including alterations in immune cell function and cytokine production, further contribute to the heightened inflammatory response observed in the periodontium of pregnant individuals. While the precise mechanisms underlying the relationship between pregnancy and periodontal status continue to be elucidated, preventive measures such as oral hygiene education, regular dental check-ups, and timely periodontal treatment are crucial for promoting optimal oral health outcomes for both mother and child during gestation. Understanding the influence of pregnancy on periodontal status is essential for providing comprehensive prenatal care and ensuring the well-being of pregnant individuals and their offspring.

Clinical research documents causal relationships between periodontitis and depression. Furthermore, it has been revealed that clinical depression can also negatively affect periodontal treatment outcomes. The present study aimed to analyze subgingival microbial profiles in patients with periodontal disease and those with depression by qualitative and quantitative determination of 4 periodontal pathogens. Material and method. The study was carried out on a number of 40 patients between the ages of 20 and 48 within the Periodontology Clinic of the Faculty of Dental Medicine, within the “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iași or in an office with private practice within the radius of the city of Iași. Analyzing the obtained results, it can be seen that the average age is significantly lower for the group of patients with periodontal disease compared to the average age of patients with periodontal disease and depression (p=0.02). Regardless of which method, the individualized determination of periodontal pathogens helps guide targeted systemic antibiotic therapy (individualization of the treatment plan). It limits self-medication or the possibility of developing bacterial resistance.

În zilele de 7 și 8 iunie 2024, la Brașov, a avut loc cea de-a IX-a ediție a Sesiunii Naționale de Comunicări Științifice Studențești pe teme de Silvicultură și Protecția Mediului. La această ediție au participat 28 de studenți de la șase facultăți de silvicultură. În acest an, conferința s-a desfășurat într-un format hibrid, fizic și online. La sfârșitul conferinței, sponsorul oficial al conferințeiASFOR, a premiat cele mai bune prezentări: un student din fiecare universitate participantă, în final primind premiu șase studenți. În a doua parte a conferinței, participanții au vizitat Dinoparcul Râșnov și Parcul Național Piatra Craiului. În timpul excursiei, participanții au avut ocazia să interacționeze și să dezbată diferite subiecte legate de silvicultură.

In the following essay, I analyze various uses of the term ‘love’ in science, philosophy, and theology. In science, the term is employed to quantitatively describe the behavioral parameters of love. In philosophy it is utilized to analyze love on an ontological level, considering it as a virtue of both the individual and the community. In theology, the term is used to propose a virtue that institutes ontology itself. I argue that it is the freedom and responsibility of each person to orient themselves in a coherent manner regarding the choice of these uses.

The aim of this study is to examine the theme of “cultural heritage” in the light of Eugen Simion’s work (1965-1971). Although this intellectual coordinate was promoted by the ideologues of the communist regime, it was approached in an aesthetic manner by the growing literary criticism of that period. Our main contribution is to observe how the public discourse changed because of the political interferences from the “socialist democracy” program. We will try to explain the strategies through which ideology functioned as Procrustean bed to literary criticism, focusing on the case of E. Lovinescu’s work, which became one of the central points of debate, thanks to a certain relaxation of the political control. Throughout the research, we will propose a few answers about E. Lovinescu’s status in the general context of those years.

There is ample literature evidence to support that periodontal therapy has an impact on the local and systemic host immune responses, despite contradicting data from the literature reporting both a decrease and increase in systemic antibody levels following treatment. The clinical guidelines for the treatment of patients with periodontitis stages I–III published from the European Federation of after the patient has been informed about his/her condition, the first step in the treatment process is directed toward motivation, targeting behavioral changes to achieve adequate self-performed oral hygiene practices and controlling local and systemic modifiable risk factors. A systematic review indicates positive associations across patient-reported experiences, self-rated and objectively measured health outcomes in relation to a wide range of areas and settings. Despite patient-reported experiences and patient-reported outcomes of therapy being closely related, there are differences between the two concepts. Frequent re-evaluation of oral hygiene reinforcement outcomes is suggested, aiming to reinforce a patient’s motivation and keep the patient up to date with any changes that might occur in the periodontal status, enabling the patient to actively participate in the progress of the treatment plan. In conclusion, short-term perturbations of antibody responses occur during the active phase of periodontal therapy.

Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease are among the most common chronic diseases of mankind and, remarkably, they share many common features. The most common forms of periodontal diseases, gingivitis and periodontitis, are characterized by a microbially driven series of host responses that lead to periodontal tissue damage.The host response is central to the development of periodontitis, as it is to the development and progression of several human chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus. In the next sections we will review the main features of diabetes mellitus, with the main focus being the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis. Peri-implant diseases are infectious conditions affecting dental implants, ranging from peri-implant mucositis, which is an inflammatory lesion of the peri-implant mucosa, to peri-implantitis, which also affects the supporting bone. As well as potentially sharing some similar risk factors, diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease patients have exceptionally similar tendencies to develop comorbidities that tend to cluster in the same individuals. Attention to the patient’s medical history is one of the cornerstones for efforts in the prevention of periodontal and peri-implant diseases.

Virtual reality (VR) has rapidly emerged as a new multidisciplinary research field. In recent years, its scope has grown beyond academic research, and industry is investing significantly in this area, both for research and for the production of VR-based products. Various industries such as information technology, biomedical engineering, construction, and instructional technology are investing in this technology. The military industry is becoming one of the main investors in VR technology as it presents a lot of opportunities for training, simulation and mission rehearsal. The military is always looking for new and innovative ways to improve the readiness and effectiveness of its forces, and VR technology has the potential to provide realistic, immersive training experiences that can prepare soldiers for a wide range of situations, including combat, peacekeeping operations and disaster response. Additionally, VR can be used to simulate and test new equipment and tactics, as well as to rehearse missions before they are executed in the field. This research aims to provide an overview of the current and future use of VR by commanders of military sub-units or units. More specifically, this article assesses the relevance of VR for the military domain, mainly describing how VR is used by the platoon leader in the troop leading procedures (TLP).

The clinical guidelines for the treatment of patients with periodontitis stages I–III published from the European Federation of after the patient has been informed about his/her condition, the first step in the treatment process is directed toward motivation, targeting behavioral changes to achieve adequate self-performed oral hygiene practices and controlling local and systemic modifiable risk factors. Frequent re-evaluation of oral hygiene reinforcement outcomes is suggested, aiming to reinforce a patient’s motivation and keep the patient up to date with any changes that might occur in the periodontal status, enabling the patient to actively participate in the progress of the treatment plan. Periodontology in 2020, suggest treatment being provided to patients with periodontitis by a pre-established stepwise approach. The second step is focused on professional interventions to reduce and possibly eliminate subgingival biofilms and calculus. Promotes periodontal wound healing via reduction of tissue inflammation and shifts in the host responses.

This study talks about the British-Danish relations in the context of heraldry and orders of chivalry, by analyzing the coats of arms of members of the House of Windsor found in the armorial of the Order of the Elephant, Denmark’s highest knightly order. Thus, it starts with a history of said chivalric order and its use as a diplomatic tool. Then, it briefly talks about the members of the British Royal Family who have been inducted into the Order of the Elephant, focusing on the armorial entries and stall plates of those who were or are part of the House of Windsor, the current ruling dynasty of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: Prince George (future King George V), Prince Edward Albert of Wales (future King Edward VIII), Prince Albert, Duke of York (future King George VI), Prince George (future Duke of Kent), Prince Henry (future Duke of Gloucester), Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh (future Queen Elizabeth II), Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and, finally, Prince Charles of Wales (the current King of Great Britain and Northern Ireland as Charles III). The presence of the heraldic achievements of the last five British monarchs in the Order’s armorial gives us a glimpse into the British-Danish diplomatic relations, as they became more and more cordial starting from the 19th century.

Surfacing weld represents the deposition of a filler material on the surfaces or edges of a base metal. The objective of the process is to improve the mechanical characteristics of metallic structures that are subjected to cyclic loads. Heat transfer occurs at the interface between the welded beads and the base metal. Thus, the structural performances of the final product are limited. In this regard, the evaluation of the temperature distribution by means of simulation tools can provide essential information to the designers of such structures. The present paper proposes a new approach for the estimation of the thermal gradients that occur during the welding process. In the first stage, a black box system is developed with the support of experimental data. A simulation approach that is based on the Finite Element Method is proposed for the transient analysis of the heat transfer. The conductance and capacitance of the model are defined based on the parameters of the “Black box” system.

In each study we have tried to illustrate typical scenarios encountered in the clinic that may be accompanied by complications and possibly even be induced by treatment errors, together with recommendations on how they can be avoided or how they can be rescued, based on the currently available evidence and on expert opinion. The interplay between the application of orthodontic forces to stimulate tooth movement and the reaction of the affected periodontal tissues is complex. While most of the time possible damage to the periodontal tissues is transient with no long-term detrimental effects on periodontal health, in some instances major undesirable consequences have been reported. In other situations, orthodontic therapy can be of benefit in solving problems caused by periodontitis. In conclusion, the present review has identified several areas of concern, in which orthodontic treatment, can have unwanted adverse effects on periodontal disease, but also areas with great potential for synergies between orthodontic and periodontal therapy.

Constantine the Great inaugurated his bridge across the Danube between Oescus (Ghighen) and Sucidava (Celei) on July 5, 328. It was first mentioned by Sextus Aurelius Victor, in Liber de Caesaribus, 41.18, and then by late chronographers during the VII th – IX th centuries (Chronicon Pascale, I, 526, 16-17 (P 284) and Theophanes Confessor in Chronographia, a. 5820 (328), p. 28, (19-20 De Boor). The great constructive moment also appears during the 11th century in the chronicle compiled by the Byzantine monk Georgios Kedrenos, Synopsis historion (Synoptic History, also commonly rendered as A Concise History of the World). The bridge was subsequently suggested or explicitly rendered in the Index Geographicus Celsissimi Principatus Wallachiae – Map of Wallachia of vel Stolnic [High Steward] Constantin Cantacuzino by the end of the 17th century, and shortly after that in the „Istoria delle moderne rivoluzioni della Valachia” (1718, Venice). The latter was written by Anton Maria Del Chiaro, who was Constantin Brâncoveanu`s, Prince of Wallachia (1688-1714), personal secretary. Called „the brass bridge” by the local people on both banks of the Danube, according to a popular belief that its legs would have been cast from metal, the bridge was in olden times attributed to Trajan. In local folklore, the ”Domnul de Rouă” (Lord of Dew) would have passed on its wooden platform during the night, toward the Romanați Plain, heading to the courts of Ler Împărat from the fortress of Antina (Romula/ Reșca). The bridge of Constantine the Great is also mentioned in the second half of the 19th century in the monograph of Felix Kanitz, based upon information collected from the locals and from the pilots of the Vienna Danube Steam Navigation Society (Erste Donau-Dampfschiffahrts-Gesellschaft – the DDSG). One of the masonry pillars of the bridge on the fairway close to the Romanian shore was mentioned in July 1869 by passionate journalist and amateur archaeologist Cezar Bolliac; a mere four years later, his archaeological sleuthing culminated in the discovery of the bridge’s northern portal. Quickly covered with soil and waste discharged from the hillside of Celei village, the portal was reinvestigated by Pamfil Polonic and Grigore Tocilescu during a two-month campaign, between June 16 and August 15, 1898. We owe the 1902 publication of those results to the latter, based on the rigorous observations and detailed drawings of topographical engineer Pamfil Polonic. Only in the summer of 1968, Dumitru Tudor coordinated excavations whose precise purpose was to document again the northern portal and to check the neighboring southward pillar(s). The results of these investigations have been relatively modest, but still provide welcome additional information. They were later found in an article by Octavian Toropu and several monographic studies on the site and the Roman bridges on the Lower Danube, primarily due to Dumitru Tudor. Our contribution makes a critical review of all historical and archaeological data pertinent to the bridge of Constantine the Great at Oescus-Sucidava. It introduces as elements of absolute novelty for specialized literature the results of the bathymetry carried out in 2017 through the Danube bed and those of the magnetometric survey (October 2022) in the floodplain on the left bank of the river, today a communal pasture. Thus, within the FAST DANUBE Project, the team of specialists from Marine Research carried out bathymetric measurements with multibeam sonar, on which occasion they identified 27 possible traces (pillars) of the Constantine I Bridge erected between Oescus and Sucidava. The traces of the piles stretch along a linear route for 820 m, while the average distance between them is around 30 m. Additional magnetometric investigations were carried out in the fall of 2022, between the northern portal, the ancient tributary and the mouth of Bozahuzului (from Tr. boğaz, mouth, narrow strait or entrance), also called Banului, or Celeiului backwater. Their result consisted in the identification of seven other anomalies (pillars) due to the Constantinian bridge, over a length of approx. 210 m. The respective anomalies show a rigorous alignment with the northern portal and the masonry piles highlighted by the bathymetry carried out through the Danube bed, and the distance between them is, again, identical.

The purpose of this text is to emphasize the positioning – on account of the use of the term ‘truth’ – of philosophy, respectively theology concerning the meta­physical principle. I sketch an interpretative grid that I apply, as an illustration, to the uses of the term ‘truth’ in the theory of knowledge of Ion Petrovici and Alexandru Mironescu.

Periodontitis patients are known to have increased circulating lipopolysaccharide activity and metabolic disturbances, which may be either the cause or effect of endotoxemia. This review approaches endotoxemia as a possible molecular mediator between periodontitis and increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders. Observations that bacteria disseminate into circulation after toothbrushing and periodontal procedures and assumptions that endotoxin may disseminate through inflamed periodontium and bleeding gums support the idea of endotoxemia in periodontitis. However, the evidence that periodontitis-associated dysbiosis contributes to endotoxemia is not as strong as in the case of gut microbiome dysbiosis. Although the causality is insufficiently demonstrated thus far, many studies have associated changes of the gut microbiome composition, function, and specific bacterial metabolites with cardiometabolic diseases, whereas research on the oral microbiome has severely fallen behind.

This narrative review summarizes the current evidence about the role that the fabrication and presence of dental prostheses and tooth-related factors have on the initiation and progression of gingivitis and periodontitis. Tooth anatomic factors, such as root abnormalities and fractures, and tooth relationships in the dental arch and with the opposing dentition can enhance plaque retention. Tooth-supported and/or tooth-retained restorations and their design, fabrication, delivery, and materials have often been associated with plaque retention and loss of attachment. Hypersensitivity reactions can occur to dental materials. Placement of restoration margins within the junctional epithelium and supracrestal connective tissue attachment can be associated with gingival inflammation and, potentially, recession. Restoration margins located within the gingival sulcus do not cause gingivitis if patients are compliant with self-performed plaque control and periodic maintenance. The presence of fixed prostheses finish lines within the gingival sulcus or the wearing of partial, removable dental prostheses does not cause gingivitis if patients are compliant with self-performed plaque control and periodic maintenance.

Oral and periodontal health impact systemic health, and vice versa. Special at-risk populations bring to bear this bidirectional relationship between oral and systemic health. Although bidirectional relationships are discussed, the potential for multiple comorbidities, relationships, and connections (multimodal relationships) also exists. Periodontal disease has been associated with diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, eating disorders, liver disease, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer disease, rheumatoid arthritis,adverse pregnancy outcomes, and cancer. Proposed mechanisms that mediate this connection between oral and systemic health in a susceptible host include predisposing and precipitating factors, such as genetic factors (gene polymorphisms), environmental factors (stress,habits—such as smoking and high-fat diets/consumption of highly processed foods), medications, microbial dysbiosis and bacteremias/ viremias, and an altered host immune response. These associations exist within a framework of bacteremias/viremias/microbemias, systemic inflammation, and/or disturbances of the immune system in a susceptible host.

Through this study, we aimed to make a forecast of the payments made by the European Union (EU) through the Administrative Capacity Operational Program (ACOP) to the beneficiaries of this operational program (OP), with the aim of determining the absorption trend of European funds over the accessing period 2014 – 2020. The EViews program was used to determine the desired forecast and to analyze the necessary indices. The main index analyzed was the EU payments to ACOP index. The results revealed that a prediction can be made on the analyzed data set.

The increasing use of the Internet worldwide has led many institutions to consider an online presence as a necessity. The Internet has become a part of everyday life for many institutions, most of whom use it to interact and communicate with others. Public institutions have resorted to the implementation of integrated digital systems to facilitate their work and to be able to interact with the public much better through the Internet. The pandemic with the new coronavirus brought with it the digital development of public institutions, thus creating new intelligent communication systems with an automatic response. An important advantage of online communication in public institutions is that it allows access to people from various places around the world with just a few clicks of a button. No matter where we are, we can only interact with people from other parts of the globe with a simple internet connection.

The article Tactics of hearing the minor injured person in the case of crimes against sexual freedom and integrity before the court theoretical and practical aspects aims to analyze the stages of hearing the minor injured person in a case where crimes against sexual freedom and integrity are judged, presenting the questions prior to the hearing, the purpose of the hearing, the disposition of the hearing, legal assistance, establishing the place and time of the hearing, the presence of the psychologist, the preparation of the magistrate, the drawing up of the listening plan, the prior preparation of the injured person, conducting the actual hearing of the injured person, the types of questions asked, the analysis of the judge's behavior, establishing the framework where the hearing takes place and the participation of the people called to assist in this activity. Undoubtedly, the hearing of the minor injured person before the court in the case of crimes against sexual freedom and integrity is clearly demarcated from the other hearings, presenting a series of peculiarities, which are presented throughout the material. Starting from the topic of the conference, namely Forensics an important landmark in the search for the truth, we appreciate that Forensic Tactics as a component of Forensics provides the necessary means to find out the truth, to the extent that all the necessary resources are known and used to obtain complete statements from the persons interviewed according to the rules of criminal procedure and the rules of forensic tactics.

The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current evidence of some popular food supplements and superfoods that might be of interest in periodontology. Although the number of publications investigating the effect of these products on human health and their possible use in medicine is increasing, only little is known so far regarding their effects on periodontal tissues and their possible use in periodontal treatment or medicine. In summary, an increasing number of studies have revealed aspects and effects of these so-called lifestyle or fitness supplements and superfoods that may have an impact on periodontal health and healing after treatment. However, some the current evidence is of a very low quality, and more validated scientific data are required before their possible use in prevention or treatment of periodontal diseases can be made.

The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current evidence of some popular food supplements and superfoods that might be of interest in periodontology. Although the number of publications investigating the effect of these products on human health and their possible use in medicine is increasing, only little is known so far regarding their effects on periodontal tissues and their possible use in periodontal treatment or medicine. In summary, an increasing number of studies have revealed aspects and effects of these so-called lifestyle or fitness supplements and superfoods that may have an impact on periodontal health and healing after treatment. However, some the current evidence is of a very low quality, and more validated scientific data are required before their possible use in prevention or treatment of periodontal diseases can be made.

The presentation aims to analyse art. 493 par. 7 of the Romanian Criminal Procedure Code which regulates the challenge of preventive measures taken against legal persons. The presentation will provide an overview of aspects such as the persons who can file such a challenge, the arguments which can be brought, the competent court, the decision to be taken, as well as the possibility to challenge the court order through which the court of appeal takes or maintains the preventive measures, based on the relevant case law and legal literature. A paralel with the rescission of preventive measures shall be made, in order to bring into light the main differences between the two regulations.

În prezentul articol sunt analizate aspectele de ordin tehnic și juridic relevante în contextul procesului de indisponibilizare a monedelor virtuale în procesul penal. În acest context, după clarificarea din punct de vedere conceptual a mai multor noțiuni, este mai întâi prezentat mecanismul prin intermediul căruia se pot obține, în cursul procesului penal, informații cu privire la tranzacțiile cu monedă virtuală sau titularul acestora. De asemenea, este abordată problematica indisponibilizării efective a monedelor virtuale, prin accesarea portofelului digital și efectuarea unei tranzacții cu monedă virtuală la o adresă publică aflată sub controlul organului de urmărire penală ori al ANABI, precum și modalitatea de valorificare a monedelor virtuale.

The presentation is an update of the aspects specific to the connection/adoption of the Romanian legislation of the field to that of the EU, respectively EU Regulation 2019/6, of the EU Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018, regarding veterinary medicinal products, where they have treated Article 6: Submission of applications for marketing authorizations; Art. 46: Scope of the marketing authorization granted by national procedure, Art. 47: National procedure for granting marketing authorization. It also presents the possible advantages of a national legislative procedure as well as proposals to ease the process of changing the conditions of authorization and variations that require evaluation, as a means of advising small and medium enterprises.

Undoubtedly, internal communication in public administration is the most sought after point of good management practices. The activity of public institutions based on principles such as the principle of face-to-face or online communication, the principle of information, the principle of motivation and the principle of unity of success are an integral part of public administrations. The implemented principles have the role of improving the activities of civil servants, which can increase the level of efficiency. The lack of an efficient communication within the public institution will lead to unproductiveness, misunderstandings, frustrations and non-fulfillment of work tasks, implicitly of the job description. Time, planning work tasks, clear setting of priorities; self-discipline, punctuality, perseverance, are an essential pillar in labor productivity. This study aims to reflect and understand the nature of communication as an activity and as a process in the context of the present transformations and how important the principles of communication are in the performance of employees.

This article focuses on herpesviruses and major periodontopathic bacteria in the etiology of localized juvenile periodontitis. The joint association of herpesvirus with severe periodontitis and systemic diseases argues for a possible systemic involvement of periodontal herpesviruses in medical disorders and for periodontal therapy that targets both herpesviruses and bacterial pathogens. The etiopathogenesis of severe periodontitis includes active herpesviruses, specific bacterial pathogens, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The inflamed periodontium constitutes an important reservoir of herpesviruses outside of the hematopoietic compartment. Several rationales prompted studies on periodontal herpesviruses. Severe periodontitis lesions can contain hundreds of millions of active herpesviruses and bacterial pathogens that may. Systemic and topical anti-herpesvirus therapy can neutralize active herpesviruses, and effective patient self-care can help prevent inflammatory cells containing latent herpesviruses from entering the periodontium.

Concerns about occlusal overload and the presumed consequences of occlusal trauma have led to meticulous replacement of missing teeth and the incorporation of a large number of supporting teeth into fixed dentures. For the experimental study of the state of tension and deformation that arises in the masticatory system during mastication, various methods are used, of which the most used in Romania are the methods that use resistive electrical tensometry, optical methods. Among the optical methods that provide the most commonly used qualitative and quantitative results are: the brittle varnish method and the holographic method. The obtained results are congruent with the results obtained by other researchers and through the conclusions drawn, the methodologies designed can be used for the experimental analysis of the state of tension and deformation in the masticatory system.

Studies in the biology of viral infection and clinical disease management have shown that differences in the prevalence and severity of COVID-19 are associated with the high affinity of Covid-19 S protein for ACE2, suggesting that populations with higher ACE2 expression may be more susceptible to the COVID-19 infection. Current information indicates that induced hyperglycaemia affects the phagocytic function of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells, contributing to the growth of aggressive pathogenic subgingival flora. As a result, periodontal infection can cause systemic inflammation by releasing cytokines and metalloproteinases (MMP) into the circulatory system derived from periodontal disease and destroying tissues, which can exacerbate or aggravate chronic insulin resistance. In the periodontitis – diabetes mellitus – COVID-19 triad, uncontrolled hyperglycaemia increases the risk of periodontitis and the onset of ACE2 overexpression, as well as decreased MMP activity in the periodontal tissue of patients with type 2 diabetes; these events could be essential for SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 development.

We propose in this article, without claiming to deal in full with the solutions that can be pronounced in the appeal in the preliminary chamber procedure, to point out some aspects related to some solutions of the courts pronounced in the preliminary chamber procedure, by which the decisions pronounced by the preliminary chamber judge were annulled and the cases were sent for retrial. The retrial of the case by the preliminary chamber judge who handed down the judgment is a procedural remedy by which the court of judicial review returns the case for retrial to the first instance, in case some principles of criminal proceedings or some fundamental principles established by the European Convention of Human Rights have been violated. The solutions pronounced in the sense of abolition with reference to retrial, without having a normative support for criminal proceedings, were based on the principles of criminal proceedings and the right to a fair trial established in art. 6 paragraph 3 of the ECHR and refers to: the manner in which the accusation is formulated by the act of referral - the conclusion of the judge of the preliminary chamber of the merits - which is lacking sufficient clarity and exceeds the limits of the order to initiate criminal proceedings, provided that there has not previously been an extension of the criminal action; failure to rule by the judge of the preliminary chamber of the first instance on all the requests and exceptions invoked by the defendant in the preliminary chamber procedure; failure to resolve the defendant's request for the finding of his alleged illegal deprivation of liberty for a period of 40 hours; non-compliance with the procedural norms regarding the communication of the indictment. In the preliminary chamber procedure, the verification of the legality of the administration of evidence by the criminal investigation bodies must be carried out, directly, in contradiction with the injured parties and the injured person, with the possibility of administering any means of evidence. At European level, it has been ruled the need to carefully examine the judicial procedures by which evidence is administered in criminal proceedings, on the true, appropriate and sufficient possibility to challenge the legality of evidence produced in the criminal investigation phase. All these imply the necessity to give the possibility for the parties to use all means provided by law to invoke in their defense facts or circumstances, including the administration of any means of proof that would prove the illegality of the evidence produced by the criminal investigation bodies.

Mucous membranes and skin the in the orofacial region are often affected by a diverse spectrum of bacterial, viral, fungal, chlamydial, rickettsial, protozoal, and helminthic infections. Such conditions may clinically appear as small, localized lesions to diffuse and invasive varieties that extend beyond natural barriers, often causing potentially life-threatening complications. Regardless of the prevalence, incidence, and the advancement of treatment strategies, orofacial infections, either local or the manifestations of a generalized infection, may cause significant discomfort and suffering. Thus, the recognition of the clinical presentation of these infections is paramount to their diagnosis, clinical management, and appropriate referral. The following sections describe orofacial manifestations of human herpesvirus and fungal infections.

The therapeutic efforts for controlling periodontal diseases focus on the removal of dental biofilm from the affected lesion, as active treatment centers on non-surgical mechanical debridement with antimicrobial and sometimes anti-inflammatory adjuncts. The surgical therapy aims at gaining access to the lesion and correcting unfavorable gingival ⁄ osseous contours to achieve a periodontal architecture that will provide for more efficient oral hygiene and periodontal maintenance. In addition, recent advances in tissue engineering have provided an efficient means to regenerate ⁄ repair periodontal defects, based upon principles of guided tissue regeneration and utilization of growth factors ⁄ biologic mediators. A systematic review confirmed that patients who are seen at regular intervals for supportive periodontal therapy experience less attachment loss and lose fewer teeth

Despite repeated attempts to reform the Romanian health system, as an important part of the national security system, after 30 years of reforms, except for large university centers, the Romanian health system does not have enough family doctors or specialists, not enough local medical services and units, no available information, early warning and prevention programs at the level of the authorities in the field. As a reliable solution to the real situation of the health system in Romania, this paper comes up with a technical and medical solution in the event of a pandemics, case study for COVID 19 pandemic, which can substantially contribute to national security system. Building an integrated open source portal with access to geoformation and telemedicine technologies for public health management is intended to act as an early warning system by communicating and exchanging data accurately, efficiently, securely and consistently with various computer systems, software applications and networks, ensuring the operational work processes of the institutions involved (Ministry of Health, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of National Defense, Public Health Directorates, Hospitals, Epidemiologists, family physicians, specialists physicians, pharmacies and last but not least patients), while maintaining data confidentiality.

In this article, the author primarily aims to clarify from a technical and terminological point of view several notions relevant for the blockchain ecosystem. In this context, the analysis is focused on notions such as blockchain, Proof of Work or Proof of Stake consensus mechanism, virtual currency, crypto-asset, digital wallet, centralized or decentralized exchange platform, public address, public and private cryptographic key, seed phrase, etc. Beyond these technical and terminological clarifications, the author aims to analyse the European and national regulatory framework, in an attempt to resolve, among other things, different matters such as the difference between virtual currencies, crypto-assets and electronic money or the regulation of exchange service providers and digital wallet providers. Last but not least, the author analyses both the risks and benefits of blockchain technology from a cyber security perspective, as well as several criminal behaviours in regard to virtual currencies or other crypto-assets. In this context, behaviours such as ransomware, cryptojacking, unauthorized transfer of virtual currencies or other cryptocurrencies, counterfeiting of virtual currencies, cloning or restricting access to digital wallets, etc. are all taken into consideration.

Periodontology has been defined as the scientific study of the periodontium in health and disease. The objective of this overview of principles of periodontology is presentation of current and established concepts. Aspects of the history, classification and epidemiology of the most common periodontal diseases are discussed. People exhibiting periodontal abnormalities, for example impairments of tissue integrity or function, are said to have periodontal diseases. Periodontal diseases are arguably among the most ancient and common infectious diseases affecting humans, leading to permanent destruction of the supporting structures of the dentition and ultimately tooth loss. The new classification is complex and will take time to fully incorporate into patient care globally.

Periodontal diseases are arguably among the most ancient and common infectious diseases affecting humans, leading to permanent destruction of the supporting structures of the dentition and ultimately tooth loss. It has been established that dental biofilm (‘‘plaque’’), consisting of many microbial species and their products, is an etiological agent of periodontal disease. It is widely accepted that immunological and inflammatory responses to dental plaque via hostparasite interaction are manifested by clinical signs 40 Dentino et al. and symptoms of periodontal diseases.

Given that the civil service legislation is quite restrictive when it comes to the workplace of the civil servant, the question arises, what similar regulatory situations in the labor law could be applied in the field of civil service to meet the current conditions on the Romanian labor market.

Fluoridation plays a key role in the prevention and control of dental caries in general public health. However, this success is not without cost and has resulted in strong debates within the dental profession. Dental fluorosis is a cosmetic effect that ranges in appearance from scarcely discernible to a marked staining or pitting of the teeth in severe forms. It is caused by an elevated fluoride level in, or adjacent to, the developing enamel, usually from birth to approximately six to eight years of age. Dental fluorosis in an adult is a result of high fluoride exposure when the adult was a child or adolescent. In its mildest (and most common) form it may manifests barely noticeable whitish striations, while more severe forms involve confluent pitting and staining of the dental enamel. The American Dental Association (ADA) defines it as a hypomineralization of tooth enamel that results from excessive fluoride ingestion prior to tooth eruption (ADA Reports, 2005). An increase in the prevalence of dental fluorosis has been reported simultaneously in both fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities. Although most of fluorosis is mild or very mild, and has little or no impact on quality of life of affected people, a judicious use of fluoride to avoid moderate and severe fluorosis is needed. In order that the maximum benefit of fluoride for caries control can be achieved with a minimum risk of side effects, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms by which fluoride promotes caries control, thus regulating the amount of fluoride intake is essential.

Dental fluorosis is a frequent oral pathology of the teeth, more specifically of enamel that is caused by excessive fluoride consumption during the formation of dental units. A multitude of factors have been shown to be related to the etiology of dental fluorosis, most commonly food, drinking water, supplements and toothpaste. Regarding pathogenesis, this aspect is not yet fully apparent, however environmental and also genetic factors have been incriminated. Prevalence of dental fluorosis is on the rise globally as such, certain health policies and management strategies should be adopted. According to the severity of the disease, several treatment options are available, from minimally invasive in the more mild cases, to more extensive prosthetic dental work, such as veneers or dental crowns, for severe clinical situations in which the enamel is markedly affected. This review discusses the most frequent factors incriminated in the appearance of dental fluorosis and discusses possible treatment options for the clinician for a better overall management of these patients.

The beginning of the twentieth century was strongly marked by the First World War. Among the unexpected results of this conflagration we can observe an exponential growth of cultural relations between the states involved in the conflict on the same side. If we explicitly look at the Romanian-French cultural relations from this perspective, it becomes obvious that we are dealing with an exceptional example of cultural collaboration on the European continent. The first concrete step of this process was the signing in Bucharest of The PoincaréAngelescu Educational Convention on June 15, 1919, a document according to which the French state provided its support for the consolidation of Romanian education, especially in the new provinces that entered the Romanian state.

The Romanian Administrative Code introduced a series of regulations on liability for local public administration acts which, on closer examination, tend to amplify the degree of legal liability for civil servants involved in the preparation of the administrative decision, while reducing it for local elected officials who issue or, as the case may be, adopt this decision.One can thus speak of a transfer of legal responsibility, regulated by law, from elected officials to civil servants in the specialized apparatuses of local public administration authorities, a situation which, from our point of view, is unacceptable.

The specialized literature exhibits a multitude of studies that highlight the role of general factors, of some chronic systemic diseases, that can contribute to the appearance or modulation of periodontal disease, carious disease but also of other oral diseases. The oral cavity can be affected by diabetes, which can lead to several complications, including tooth decay, periodontal disease, disorders of the oral mucosa and dysfunction of saliva, which have a significant effect on the quality of life of diabetic patients. The importance of the host lies in the association of systemic diseases to the process of periodontal destruction of tissues in the oral cavity (periodontal tissues, dental tissues, tissues of the oral mucosa and salivary glands). The biomolecular and biocellular mechanisms involved in the pathology of the oral cavity in case of systemic diseases involve the mechanisms of local and systemic inflammation governed by proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-18, IL-17, IL-1B, IL-8, TNF- alpha and prostaglandins E2-PGE2, protein-2 inhibitory macrophages, MCP-1, interferon gamma, adipokines more common in diabetes. Inflammatory-mediated cytokines and proteins are practical markers of increased risk of cardiovascular disease, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor – alpha (TNF-α), fibrinogen.

Orthodontic treatment can successfully align pathologically migrated teeth leading to improved periodontal stability in patients with periodontal disease. Periodontal-orthodontic approaches have gained increasing attention in recent years. A considerable number of adult patients with periodontal disease are interested in orthodontics in order to improve the alignment of their teeth. However, the severity of periodontal disease and dental incongruence or demographic factors cannot be indicative of these. Elderly patients were significantly more frequently interested in orthodontic treatment. Most study participants were not provided with information on orthodontic treatment options for adults. Very importantly, this group of patients must be aware of the need to stabilize their periodontal condition, to maintain high standards of oral hygiene, before any orthodontic intervention. Therefore, practitioners need to be aware of the patient’s need, deliver patient-centered and provide them with relevant information and, if necessary, plan interdisciplinary treatment.