Search

Study looks at whether Spanish-speaking learners of Brazilian Portuguese as a foreign language demonstrates advantage or disadvantage in acquisition of semi-open vowels e and o. To research the question, eight students enrolled in first-year Portuguese were given a listening discrimination test composed of 18 minimal pairs to determine the extent of perceptual confusion caused by the semi-open vowels. (SR)

This research analyzes the productions of post-vocalic /l/ in Brazilian Portuguese realized by bilingual speakers of communities which use Polish as an immigrant language. The data -- collected from a bilingual speaker from the city of Araucária -- were compared with the results from Vieira (2019), whose productions were made by bilingual speakers from the city of Dom Feliciano. To characterize the productions, data were submitted to acoustic analysis, aiming to observe the lateral velarization degree according to Narayanan et al. (1997), Recasens et al. (1995), Recasens (2004) and Brod (2014). In each production, we measured the values of F1 and F2 and the average of the difference between F1 and F2, which is the parameter to determine the velarization degree of /l/. The analyses indicated that the productions of the subject from Araucária were characterized by a high velarization degree and, in some cases, by vocalization. In this way, being less velarized (more frontal), they differ from the productions observed in the speech of subjects from Dom Feliciano who used Polish with a similar frequency and at the same living spaces -- the family space. The productions of the subjects from Dom Feliciano also consider velarized /l/ realizations, however, these productions often emerge from the speech of subjects who are frequently exposed to spaces in which Polish is not used. Another aspect revealed in lateral productions made by the subject from Araucária is related to the vocalic context influence, with less velarized /l/ productions following front vowels. In preliminary analysis, therefore, the results indicate phoneticphonological differences between the post-vocalic /l/ productions of the two communities influenced by Polish as an immigrant language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Comportamentalia is the property of Instituto de Psicologia y Educacion de la Universidad Veracruzana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Considering studies that focus on segmental duration, empirical evidence suggests that vowels tend to be longer before voiced than before voiceless plosives in several languages, including English (LADEFOGED, 1982). Regarding this object of study in Brazil, studies have focused on L2 English (ZIMMER; ALVES, 2007, 2008, 2012; ALBUQUERQUE, 2010, 2012), L2 Portuguese (ALVES; BRISOLARA, 2020) and on interdialectal research (ESCUDERO et al., 2009). However, investigations on the linguistic system of Brazilian Portuguese, without taking into account the process of L2 development, are still scarce. Given this panorama, this study investigated vowel duration preceding stop consonants in the Brazilian Portuguese dialect of Paraiba. The durational values allowed us to fi t a mixed eff ects model to the data. The results suggest that voiced stops seem to favor signifi cantly higher durational vowel values than their voiceless counterparts, in addition to allowing discussions on the challenges in L2 phonetic-phonological learning, in which such duration may play a decisive role in L2 intelligibility (ALVES; BRISOLARA, 2020). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to propose a description of three processes of external vowel sandhi in São Tomé vernacular Portuguese (PST): degemination (DG), elision (EL) and diphthongization (DT). All three processes are found in PST: 32% DG; 36% EL; 52.5% DT. Working with six Santomean informants, we analyzed a corpus of 113 sentences with vowel encounters in word boundaries (V#V). Then, we measured the duration of vowel encounters or the single resulting vowel when the encounter was undone. Factors such as the nature of the prosodic boundaries (phonological word, phonological phrase, and intonational phrase), prosodic stress (lexical and phonological word), and vowel quality are crucial to implementing sandhi processes. However, they occur in different prosodic settings: diphthongization occurs between intonation phrases (IP+IP) insofar their boundary is not limited by a pause. In contrast, elision and degemination occur in phonological word boundaries (ω + ω) and phonological phrase boundaries (ϕ + ϕ). The prominence of the phonological phrase was the preponderant factor in preventing all processes, blocking degemination whenever phonological phrase stress matches with a stressed second vowel. For elision and diphthongization, sandhi was blocked when two stressed vowels co-occurred with the stress of a phonological phrase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As did Cantoni (2013) for the Portuguese stress system as a whole, I propose in the present paper a diachronic explanation for a difference between verbs and nonverbs in Portuguese: the fact that verbs have mobile stress, whereas non-verbs do not. I adopt a diachronic perspective, considering, as proposed in dynamic systems approaches, that the knowledge of the initial state of a system helps us understand its current state. Based on that, I examine inflectional paradigms of Latin nouns and the changes that have taken place from Latin to Portuguese with the purpose of assessing to what extent those morphological changes have determined characteristics of the Portuguese stress system. The vast majority of nouns showed a stress shift in their paradigms in Latin. As is shown in the present paper, however, the accusative was the only case in which there was practically no change in stress between singular and plural. The fact that the accusative was the lexicogenic case in Portuguese, i.e., the fact that nouns and adjectives in Portuguese have their forms derived from the accusative of corresponding Latin words eventually produced fixed stress in Portuguese non-verbs. The accusative was the most frequent case in Latin and, as would be expected from a usage-based perspective, it was the only surviving case. The final section of the paper additionally discusses the fact that the same diachronic changes have kept noun and adjective theme vowels from ever being stressed in Portuguese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Letras de Hoje is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper discusses the pretonic vowel subsystem of Santomean Portuguese, presenting the inventory of the segments and their acoustic characteristics, as well as the raising process that affects these vowels. Following the theoretical framework of Feature Geometry and using data collected in loco, from the analysis, it is proposed that in the pretonic position there are six vowels: [i, e, a, ə, o, u]. The acoustic description (especially the duration and the formants) corroborates the proposed inventory and the raising, a process unrelated to the vocal harmony of the line [ATR] or even the feature [opening 2]. This study allowed us to learn about an aspect of phonology in a variety of Portuguese that has not yet been studied, and may make way for new research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The [h] and [ɦ] segments, in several theoretical interpretation, have their articulatory description placed in limbo, as neither conform articulatively as a vowel nor consonant segment. The impasse surrounding these sounds description resulted from interpretations and representations that are not adequate to their articulatory characteristics. Taking this into account, we aimed to problematize the interpretations of these sounds in the structuralist, generative standard and autosegmental (Feature Geometry) models. As methodology, we revisited the structuralist, generativist and autosegmental conceptions about the consonant status of a sound, in addition to checking the treatment given to [h] and [ɦ]. As a result, we identified that structuralist phonology interprets the analyzed sounds as consonants, where as the standard generative and autosegmental lines interpret them as glides. For this reason, we propose changes in these sounds representation, for Brazilian Portuguese, based on the Feature Geometry, in order to acommodate phonetically and phonologically the analyzed segments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to analyze rhotic deletion in coda in Santomean Portuguese (PST), a Portuguese variety spoken in Sao Tome and Principe. This process was analyzed based on Variationist Sociolinguistics. Quantitative analyses have been carried out by softwares RStudio and Rbrul. Thus, we consider social (sex, age and education level) and linguistic (grammatical class, syllable stress, position in morphological word and quality of preceding vowels) variables that might favor or not the phenomenon. By examining 1523 rhotic occurrences in coda, we verified r-deletion in 56,53% of the data. The most significant variable is Segmental Position with the highest rate of r-deletion in word-final syllables (P. R. 71). Then, the sample was divided into two samples separately analyzed: 712 occurrences in word-medial coda and 811 occurrences in word-final coda. In word-medial coda, 32,6% of rhotics are deleted. The highest rates of loss are associated to elementary school (P.R. .62) and women (P.R. .59). In word-final coda, 77.5% of rhotics are deleted, Speakers with elementary school (P.R. .75) and younger speakers (P.R. .76) are more likely to delete the rhotic in coda. Considering Grammatical Class, r-deletion is favored in verbs (P.R. .62). These outcomes are compared with previous studies (BOUCHARD, 2017; BRANDÃO, 2018; BRANDÃO; DE PAULA, 2018; BRANDÃO et al., 2017) and with studies on PB and PE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Respectus Philologicus is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract This contribution is concerned with the reconstruction of the vowel qualities of Proto-Tupian, the ancestral language of the Tupian language family. The study is grounded in a bottom-up application of the comparative method and seeks to offer a more balanced reconstruction that avoids an overreliance on the Tupí-Guaraní branch. It is first shown that the height opposition traditionally reconstructed for the rounded vowel series (*o vs. *u) is best interpreted as an opposition between an unrounded vowel and a rounded one (*ə vs. *o). It is also argued that multiple instances of *e in the traditional reconstruction should be rather attributed to *ə. Finally, it is shown that two vowels (symbolized as *ɨ and *ɯ) must be reconstructed in lieu of the traditional *ɨ. The resulting proposal has consequences for the subgrouping of the Tupian family.

This work proposes four guiding principles for the investigation of the interface between Phonetics and Phonology. These principles are based on experimental research and couched in practices from the areas of Experimental Phonetics and Sociolinguistics. The theoretical development of these two areas is thought to be anchored in four rules: the observer's paradox, the link between speech production and perception, a greater detailing of inferential statistic results and the correlation between linguistic variables and phonetic quantities. These principles are exemplified by considering three themes: vowel harmony, stress clash and the building of a language's phonological system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article emphasizes on the analysis of the phenomenon of palatalization of the /t/ and /d/ segments in syllabic onset contiguous to diphthong, in Mossoró-RN. The postulations by Clements and Hume (1996) on Feature Geometry, by Selkirk (1982) on the Autosegmental Syllable Model form the theoretical basis of the research, which transversally has also brought to the discussion sociocultural characteristics of the speakers (ARAGÃO, 2006, 2020; CARDOSO; MOTA; PAIM, 2012; WEINREICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 2006). The data collection methodology has involved two Playful Phonetic-Phonological Questionnaires, a Phonetic-Phonological Questionnaire and a Semi-Directed Narrative applied to six informants. The extra-linguistic variables considered are sex, age and education. After the field research, the data were recorded in hearing phonetic transcription and some of them underwent acoustic analysis. The research aims to verify the motivations for palatalization in this community, until then known as non-palatalizing. Results have indicated that palatalization is linguistically significant in Mossoró, especially in the context of /t/ and /d/ in onset sharing final unstressed syllable of word with diphthong beginning with [i] or [j]. Furthermore, the following interpretation is proposed: palatalization has occurd by spreading the /i/ Vowel node and the affrication by spreading of that node and [+continuous], branched from the Root node. Finally, the analysis has revealed that there is evidence of more frequent palatalization on the part of women and the younger ones - when taking the extralinguistic scope into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes three phonological phenomena of modern Guinean: the palatalization of /s/ in coda and the status of [ʃ] in complex onsets, nasalization by coda and onset, and variation of /r/. The lexical items analyzed were taken from Scantamburlo (2002), inserted in phrases, with phonetics realization confirmed with native speakers. For the context of analysis, we considered: vowel quality, syllabic position and lexical stress. The results indicate that palatalization reaches the coda and complex onset. We attest to tautosyllabic nasalization, unlike heterosyllabic nasalization. Finally, the variation of /r/ reaches the word boundaries: final codas and initial onsets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Texto Livre / Texto Livre: Linguagem e Tecnologia is the property of Revista Texto Livre: Linguagem e Tecnologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We analyze here cases of syllable deletion in the context of vowel encounter. Although an analysis may be that children apply sandhi rules, an alternative analysis is that children erase the syllable without onset because they have not yet mastered this syllable structure. In this work, I investigate cases of vowel encounters within words, production of V(C) syllables, and onset deletion in CV syllables. The results indicate few contexts of internal vowel encounters to infer about the application of sandhi, and the production of V is not affected by the vowel. They also show that children have no problems in producing V(C) syllables when they start to create contexts for external vowel sandhi and that cases of onset deletion are due to consonant segments still in acquisition. Finally, the deletions favor the disyllabic structure and the deletion of the first syllable of the word occurs because this position is the one with the most unstressed V(C) syllables in Brazilian Portuguese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses longitudinal writing data on European Portuguese unstressed vowels produced by 2nd and 4th-grade children. The data were taken from the EFFE-On Corpus, an electronic database of writing and speech of Portuguese children in the early years of schooling. The results show distinct frequencies of unconventional orthographic forms for vowels in the various word positions related to neutralisation and semivocalisation processes. The children's performance observed in the sample is justifiable considering the phonological system and its phonetic manifestations in connection with the language's spelling and with the teaching practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on spontaneous longitudinal data from a Portuguese monolingual child with typical linguistic development, we describe the acquisition of unstressed [ɨ, ɐ, u]. Following some studies that have shown correlations between morphological and phonological constituents on child phonological development (FREITAS; GONÇALVES; GONÇALVES 2010; KERKHOFF, 2007), we analyse each vowel in the domain of the constituents stem and class marker, in nouns and in adjectives. The observed data shows that (i) the order of acquisition of the vowels is: [u] >> [ɐ] >> [ɨ]; (ii) the vowels [ɐ, u] contrast with the vowel [ɨ]. Differences regarding the acquisition of these unstressed vowels were attested: the former are early acquired, first as class markers and only later in the domain of a stem; the latter is late acquired in stem, but not as a class marker in the category Noun. Some arguments are listed to account for this asymmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the phonological vowel systems of 16 Chibchan languages, according to existing descriptions. Its purpose is to provide a basic and systematic overview of the vowel systems found in this family. For each language, the distinctive features needed to distinguish the vowel phonemes are discussed, as well as their phonetic realizations when this is relevant. Whereas the phoneme classification is uncontroversial for many of the languages, there are also some Chibchan languages that have been subject to very different analyses over the years; in these cases, a more thorough discussion is provided. At the end of the paper, the Chibchan vowel systems are compared from a quantitative perspective.

The goal of this paper is to analyze rhotic deletion in coda in Santomean Portuguese (PST), a Portuguese variety spoken in Sao Tome and Principe. This process was analyzed based on Variationist Sociolinguistics. Quantitative analyses have been carried out by softwares RStudio and Rbrul. Thus, we consider social (sex, age and education level) and linguistic (grammatical class, syllable stress, position in morphological word and quality of preceding vowels) variables that might favor or not the phenomenon. By examining 1523 rhotic occurrences in coda, we verified r-deletion in 56,53% of the data. The most significant variable is Segmental Position with the highest rate of r-deletion in word-final syllables (P. R. 71). Then, the sample was divided into two samples separately analyzed: 712 occurrences in word-medial coda and 811 occurrences in word-final coda. In word-medial coda, 32,6% of rhotics are deleted . The highest rates of loss are associated to elementary school (P.R. .62) and women (P.R. .59). In word-final coda, 77.5% of rhotics are deleted, Speakers with elementary school (P.R. .75) and younger speakers (P.R. .76) are more likely to delete the rhotic in coda. Considering Grammatical Class, r-deletion is favored in verbs (P.R. .62). These outcomes are compared with previous studies (BOUCHARD, 2017; BRANDÃO, 2018; BRANDÃO; DE PAULA, 2018; BRANDÃO et al., 2017) and with studies on PB and PE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the musical treatises of Aristoxenus of Tarentum (4th century BC), the primordial musician, one seeks to understand, in a semantic approach, the distinction between singing and speaking, after an inevitable revision on rhythm, metrics, and prosody. In this point of view, one proposes an epistemological triage of concepts in common with music, poetry, and dance. Otherwise, semantic misunderstandings can obliviate the poíēsis (ποι$ησις), as the most harmful consequence of the lack of conceptual distinction. One adds that Aristoxenus establishes a theory entirely concerned with musical episteme. Moreover, it is an occasion to discuss some philosophical-epistemological issues regarding the difference between long and short vowels as a prosodic phenomenon of the ancient languages, highlighting the Latin, including musical prosody, with extension to modern languages. These thoughts seem to contribute to the activity of composing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A formal perspective is the focus of this paper, which aims to discuss and represent the perception of nasalization of vowel /a/ in certain nasal contexts, a phenomenon of allophony in Spanish, which can be either phonological or allophonic in Portuguese. Empirical support is based on data from 9 native speakers from Montevideo, Uruguay, and 15 Brazilian learners of Spanish as a second language. Perception data, taken from studies carried out by Brisolara and Matzenauer (2018a, 2018b), were obtained by an Identification Test, which was run by the TP software program (RAUBER et al., 2012). The fact that the Uruguayan have lower accuracy than the Brazilian to identify nasalized vowels is attributed to the strict allophonic nature of the phenomenon in Spanish. It was captured and formalized by the Bidirectional Processing and Grammar Model -- BiPhon (BOERSMA, 2006, 2007; BOERSMA; HAMANN, 2009), which integrates the Stochastic Optimality Theory. Since perception, according to BiPhon, has the role of mapping continuous phonetic representation to a discrete phonological surface structure, the phenomenon related to the perception of nasalization of the vowel /a/ in Spanish was formalized in a way that represented, through the interaction between Cue Constraints and Structural Constraints, the difference between grammars of Brazilian Spanish learners and of Uruguayans: the weight of the *VORALN and *Vnasal Structural Constraints was decisive in specifying both grammars, and the proximity of the central values of the Structural and Cue Constraints represented the presence of variation in the perception data of the Uruguayan and the Brazilian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research compares the phonological aspects of the modern varieties of Guinea-Bissau Creole, Cape Verdean Creole and Papiamentu (the Upper Guinea Portuguese Creoles) in order to find their similarities and differences. For the Guinea- Bissau Creole, we used data and descriptions of Chapouto (2014) and Costa (2014); for the Cape Verdean Creole and the Papiamentu, in turn, the study of Freitas (2016) was used. As far as the vowel system is concerned, the three languages have the five vowels /i e a o u/; however, the Guinea-Bissau Creole does not present the distinction between close-mid vowels and open-mid vowels and Papiamentu has front rounded vowels. Regarding the consonantal system, the three languages do not distinguish between two rhotic consonants and possibly did not have /v z/ in the initial stages. From the analysis, we can see that the three languages, despite their common origin, followed different paths of development, with their own strategies and receiving influences from the languages which they are in contact with. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyze the variation of the post-vowel lateral in the writing of students from the 3rd and 5th levels of two schools in Riachão do Jacuípe-BA. We documented the and variants, the rotic , the deletion and maintenance of . Two variables that influence the written representation of this consonant are analyzed, according to the theoretical-methodological assumptions of Variationist Sociolinguistics: the position of the syllable and the preceding vowel. The results attest that students in the process of acquiring writing, because they do not completely master the orthographic norms, transpose speech to writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]