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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The work sought to understand how binding the public policy councils of Porto Alegre, Brazil, are for the public power. Therefore, the councils were characterized, an attempt to define and explore the degree of binding, with the analysis of the law and the verbs present in their competences. It was observed that they are more in the field of representation than participation and that they are not very binding. However, the potential that mandatory implementation has to contribute to the effective institutionalization and consequent binding of the councils to public power stands out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

is a construction that focuses on the „beginning" of the situation denoted by the predicate whose core is the infinitive form of the verb. However, the „inceptive", his value, is not exclusive to it. In fact, and just to mention a few, começar a, pôr-se a, largar a + infinitive are constructions that also share it. Therefore, it is the aim of this study to investigate their specificities, to which - based on a corpus consisting of authentic linguistic material, collected almost exclusively from literary texts of the 20th century - I will put forth several arguments, both structurally and syntactic-semantic nature. Among the specificities (basically, results and/or conclusions), the addition of the meaning 'suddenly and/or abruptly' to 'inceptive' and the exclusive cooccurrence with predicates that denote dynamic situations, with a clear predominance of those belonging to the semantic field of "emission of human sounds" stand out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participles belong to the set of nominal forms of the Greek verb, which also include infinitives and verbal adjectives. These forms constitute an intermediate category between the noun and the verb because of their morphology and syntax, the latter of which differs from that of some modern languages, a fact that often hampers their teaching and learning. From a structuralfunctional perspective, we present a proposal that we believe may facilitate the teaching and learning of attributive and circumstantial Greek participles showing their equivalence to other structures that belong to the same form-class for different syntactic functions. In order to do this, we will provide an overview of our framework, explain how attributive and circumstantial participles are defined from this perspective and present examples of classical authors. As a conclusion, we will point out some teaching guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present a reading of the fifth chapter of Thomas Aquinas' (1225-1274) commentary on Aristotle's De Interpretatione. It is, in terms of content, the commentary on the third chapter of the Aristotelian treatise, in which the notion of verb is examined. Especially important in this context are the distinctions between the notions of name, verb, and enunciation; the difference between the meaning of verbs and judgments; and the exposition of the meaning of the verb to be and its role as the basis for the constitution of the other verbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociologia & Antropologia is the property of Sociologia & Antropologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article, we present a research on the perception of linguistic variation of indicative and subjunctive forms in the expression of imperative mood in Brazilian Portuguese. Based on studies by Scherre (2008; 2012), an increase in the use of indicative forms in Turma da Mônica magazines can be seen, from 7% in 1970 to 81% in 2010 and, based on this result, the hypothesis is that the participants of this experiment mostly prefer the forms in the indicative, both in choosing which forms the characters would use and the forms that the participants would use. We applied a questionnaire, carried out on the Google forms platform, with clippings from the magazines Turma da Mônica Jovem and Chico Bento Moço, both written by Maurício de Sousa, so that the participants indicated, at first, which forms the characters would use and, then, which ones they would use themselves. The responses of 875 participants were analyzed, most of whom were young, female and residing in the southeastern region of Brazil. The results achieved in this study demonstrate a greater tendency to choose the form associated with the indicative in contexts that show the rurality trait of the characters, in the presence of the vocative after the verb, in the immediate temporal context, in affirmative sentences and when the negation is post-verbal. On the other hand, the subjunctive form is favored in communicative situations in which the context of authority is highlighted, in the non-immediate temporal context, in sentences in which the negation is pre-verbal and in the presence of the vocative before the verb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Number agreement in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) is a phenomenon under variation, as pointed out by the sociolinguistic literature and it can be produced with standard pattern (As meninas brincam), with all the related items being marked for plural, or with non-standard pattern, with the plural marker being omitted only in the verb (1-Os meninos brincaØ) or in the verb and in the name (2 - As meninaØ brincaØ). In this article, we propose to review these different possibilities of production of the non-redundant pattern in the literature and to analyze data obtained from an experiment of elicited production by repetition task. Besides that, we examined the role of phonic salience in the alternation between the patterns. The results suggest that the speakers modify the pattern produced in (2), exhibiting the plural marker also in the name and omitting only in the verb, as in (1), which may explain the fact that we did not find a significant difference between the processing of redundant and non-redundant pattern (2). However, some methodological issues might be responsible for this result. Furthermore, phonic salience was not a significant factor with regard to the alternation in the production of the two patterns investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present a study that aimed to reflect on the implications of the use of cambio verbs in the acquisition process of Spanish as an L2 by Brazilian learners and to analyze the effects of a pedagogical intervention based on a self-instruction about these verbs in predicative constructions, contrasting their aspectual properties. The experiment was carried out with a group of participants who performed sentence acceptability judgment tasks with the target verbs (ponerse, quedarse, hacerse and volverse) in predicative constructions, interspersed by the self-instruction. Data analysis revealed that there was a slight increase of the accuracy and the reaction times decreased afterthe instruction. These results, although without a solid statistical significance, may indicate the potential of this pedagogical intervention to contribute with the learning of cambio verbs in Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses verb complements, finite and infinitival, introduced by para 'for' in Mozambican Portuguese (MP). In the analysed data, on the one hand, there is a tendency already studied and referred to in the literature (Issak 1998, P. Gonçalves 2002, 2010, a.o.), which consists of introducing finite complements to directive verbs by the preposition para and, on the other hand, the tendency not yet studied, which consists of introducing corresponding infinitival complements by the same preposition. These results reveal a tendency to standardize the c-selection properties of finite and infinitival complements of directive verbs. Furthermore, they allow to infer that para is a true preposition, as an alternative to previous analyses which have shown that para is a complementizer (Duarte 2003, Barbosa & Raposo 2013, A. Gonçalves et al. 2018) or it is as part of the conjunctional phrase para que 'for that' (see Barbosa 2013, for European Portuguese (EP)), and also as part of the complex complementizer para-que (see P. Gonçalves 2002, 2005, 2010, for MP). In MP, but not in EP, para complements selected by directive verbs can be taken up anaphorically by demonstratives like isso 'that' preceded by this preposition. Furthermore, the preposition para can also occur when directive verbs are constructed with nominal arguments. These facts favour the assumption that, in PM, the complements to directive verbs, finite and infinitival, introduced by para, are oblique complements and the preposition para is external to the complement clause/CP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A return to the studies on metaphor has been observed, especially in the French and German languages - Paul Ricoeur (1913-2005), Hans Blumenberg (1920-1996), Anselm Haverkamp (1943-), Katrin Kohl (1956-) are some of the main exponents. This area has already configured a whole field of studies, even receiving its own denomination in these languages. In this paper, we will go through Ricoeur's theory of metaphorical reference, as developed in his seminal The Rule of the Metaphor (1975) and later works. We suggest three foundational ideas for the development of his metaphorology: the constitutive tension of the metaphorical verb to be; the suspension of the literal reference in favor of an unfolded metaphorical reference; fiction as heuristic of the real. We postulate, finally, that the Ricoeurian understanding of metaphor incorporates an extralinguistic element: the imaginative act. We aim, thus, to contribute to a return to the studies of the metaphor and the imaginary in literary theory, examining, with Ricoeur, how metaphor manages to realize: making real the metaphorical reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Educação & Formação is the property of Revista Educacao & Formacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work aims to analyze and aspectually classify the publishing verbs in English and Portuguese: to edit/editar or editorar, to copy edit/preparar, to proofread/revisar, to typeset/diagramar and to format/formatar. These verbs present themselves as an interesting object of analysis in terms of the lexical aspect because they have characteristics of both accomplishments and activities. This type of dubious behavior has been extensively studied in the aspect literature and is usually attributed to VP properties. In the case of publishing verbs, however, the variability of the aspectual classification seems not to be strictly linked to the type of complement, but to the incrementality of the action described by the verb. Thus, for the analysis of these verbs, we adopt the two-dimensional model of representation of the lexical aspect, in a cognitive-functional approach, proposing that these verbs have aspectual properties that are at the intersection between accomplishments and activities. Our results indicate that the publishing verbs specify a type of directed change. Thus, they have the potential to be (re)construed as telic (accomplishments) or atelic (activities) directed changes, depending on how the speaker intends to describe the publishing event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the results of a research that aimed to verify the acquisition of verbal forms related to tense and aspect, demonstrating the results of an investigation carried out after the study of the emergence of verbal structures (in simple form and in periphrastic form -- auxiliary and main verb) effectively produced by five monolingual children, between 2 years old and 5 years and 11 months old, in the process of language acquisition. The corpus used was cataloged by two members of the eLinC group -- Studies in Language and Cognition (in press). The objective was to understand, in addition, to what extent the notions of semantic/ lexical aspect influence or not on the appearance of grammatical aspect marks. This work has two hypotheses: (i) in children's grammar, the notion of aspect appears, more recurrently, before the notion of tense and (ii) when the verbal forms in the present tense and in the perfect past tense appear, the aspect is expressed. Based on qualitative analyses, we understand that the aspect is a category that appears before tense, but, even so, younger children present the tense category in their spontaneous productions, which is in line with what the Generative Theory advocates, which is the theoretical framework adopted to carry out this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigates the pronominal split in the expression of datives in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), which consists in the use of first and second person clitics, as opposed to the third person strong pronoun in the complement position of the dative preposition (para ele(s)/ ela(s)), with the loss of the third person dative clitics (lhe(s)). The analysis argues in favor of the survival of the first person clitic me in view of its wide syntactic distribution, in ditransitive predicates, dynamic and stative, in monotransitive predicates, inergative and inaccustative, incluind psychological verbs, and in predicates expressing the ethical datives. Assuming an approach of the pronominal split in terms of an interpretable person feature in the applicative heads (cf. TORRES MORAIS; SALLES, 2010, 2019), we propose that a microparametric change in the values of the person feature, from a bivalent system to a monovalent one, causes that the syntactic and semantic properties of the dative clitic me be unified as a High Applicative head, in Pylkkänen's (2002, 2008) typology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, our aim is to present the results of our researchs about the anaphoric accusative object in the Spanish variety of Madrid and in the Brazilian Portuguese variety of São Paulo and to propose a theoretical analysis to these constructions based on minimalist developments (CHOMSKY, 1999, 2000, 2004). Interviews of the Spanish variety of Madrid (CESTERO MANCERA et al. 2014) and Brazilian Portuguese variety of São Paulo (LIMA-HERNANDES; VICENTE, 2012) were analysed. Regarding the theoretical approach, the biological (CHOMSKY, 1981, 1986) and social (LABOV, 2008; WEINREICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 2009) perspectives on language were combined. We observed the effect of the antecedent referenciality, of the determinant indefinite features, of the bare nouns, of the structure and lexical aspect of verbs on possibility of elipsis in the Spanish variety of Madrid. Concerning the Brazilian Portuguese variety of São Paulo, the null objects were almost categorical and the lexical pronoun presented restrictions to less referencial antecedents. These results ressemble the tendencies of our previous research (SIMÕES, 2015) and the Spanish varieties of País Vasco (LANDA, 1993) and Quito (SUÑER; YÉPEZ, 1988). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Domínios de Lingu@gem is the property of Dominios de Lingu@gem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article develop the anthropophagy into an anti-ontology, understood as a refusal of the substancialization of being. In this way, it experiments with the idea of "controlled equivocation", proposed by Viveiros de Castro in order to interpret Cunhambebe's saying, "Jauára ichê". In the impossibility of translating it as "I am a jaguar", given the absence of the verb "to be" in ancient Tupi, the saying does not express a logical relationship of substantial identity between the terms, but rather an "analogy of similitude". Here, something is no longer the same as itself to incorporate the different through similarity relations. In the act of devouring, Cunhambebe would not effectively be a jaguar, but would relate to the devoured enemy just as a jaguar would relate to its enemy. The indigenous chief is led to assume a position within a relationship, where he is (é) not, but is (está) in a jaguar way. Thus, anthropophagy would express a philosophy of the verb "to be" (estar), where things are not, but are(estão)-in-the-way-of, assuming relational positions that establish being. In doing so, anthropophagy becomes anti-ontology: not the negation of being, but the devourig of the essentialist way in which Western metaphysics thought of being by fixing identities independent of relations. It concludes by extracting the consequences of this reading for a philosophy from Brazil. It is about proposing the swallowing of the notion of nationality to transform it into positionality, in order to rethink our ways of being that were historically determined by colonization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of História da Historiografia is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Teoria e Historia da Historiografia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The goal of this paper is to analyze rhotic deletion in coda in Santomean Portuguese (PST), a Portuguese variety spoken in Sao Tome and Principe. This process was analyzed based on Variationist Sociolinguistics. Quantitative analyses have been carried out by softwares RStudio and Rbrul. Thus, we consider social (sex, age and education level) and linguistic (grammatical class, syllable stress, position in morphological word and quality of preceding vowels) variables that might favor or not the phenomenon. By examining 1523 rhotic occurrences in coda, we verified r-deletion in 56,53% of the data. The most significant variable is Segmental Position with the highest rate of r-deletion in word-final syllables (P. R. 71). Then, the sample was divided into two samples separately analyzed: 712 occurrences in word-medial coda and 811 occurrences in word-final coda. In word-medial coda, 32,6% of rhotics are deleted. The highest rates of loss are associated to elementary school (P.R. .62) and women (P.R. .59). In word-final coda, 77.5% of rhotics are deleted, Speakers with elementary school (P.R. .75) and younger speakers (P.R. .76) are more likely to delete the rhotic in coda. Considering Grammatical Class, r-deletion is favored in verbs (P.R. .62). These outcomes are compared with previous studies (BOUCHARD, 2017; BRANDÃO, 2018; BRANDÃO; DE PAULA, 2018; BRANDÃO et al., 2017) and with studies on PB and PE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper is devoted to verb – definite article sequences in the dialects of present-day European Portuguese. In the speech of numerous elderly informants, the alveolar nasal is syllabified as the onset of the definite article after verb forms ending in a nasal diphthong. The analysis is conducted with the aid of the data retrieved from the 'verbatim transcription' section of CORDIAL-SIN (Syntax-oriented Corpus of Portuguese Dialects). Aside from the variationist facet of the problem, the paper investigates the inflectional nature of the two cell-mates – non-canonical no, na, nos, nas and canonical o, a, os, as. Concomitant phonological changes – monophthongization, change of vowel quality and denasalization in the rhyme of the first of two combined syllables – are described to see how they are superimposed on nasal onsets. The use of nasal onsets is argued to have arisen by analogy with sound changes affecting 3rd person accusative pronouns in enclisis. Contributing factors involve article – accusative pronoun homonymy and the clitic-hood of both classes of expressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1513 is published the first treatise of agriculture in a Romance language, the Gabriel Alonso de Herrera's Libro de agricultura, which personifies the transition from traditional to modern agriculture. Despite its importance, it is a hardly studied text, especially in relation to its lexical characteristics. For this reason, in this article it is carried out a lexicological and syntactic analysis of some verbs about vegetable gardens and capable of working both transitively and intransitively. In this way, we analyse their respective lexical occurrences in the fourth book of Herrera's treatise, devoted to vegetable gardens and their plants, in addition to the information - from different kind-provided by Spanish dictionaries. The results show the superiority of the alternating pronominal class, the low level of specialization of the studied vocabulary and the semantic proximity between some verbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the assumptions and principles of Usage-based Theory (Bybee 2010 e Furtado da Cunha et al. 2013), in this article, we analyze the intercalation of Temporal Circumstantial Hypothatic Clauses in data from 54 interviews from the Corpus Sociolingüístico de la Ciudad de Mexico (CSCM), treating it as a category of prototypes. The 514 data reveal 13 types, among which the exemplary Auxiliary verb of periphrasis (Δ) Temporal (Δ) Main verb of periphrasis was considered the most prototypical case of intercalation of Temporal, based on high structural complexity, low token frequency and low productivity (frequency in type). We also realized that the most typical textualdiscursive function of intercalated clauses is guide/circumstantial orientation. From a cognitive point of view, the uses of intercalated clauses, from the prototype to the margin, are motivated by mechanisms that tend to reduce coding efforts, reflecting iconicity, markedness (Givón 1995, 2001) and expressiveness (Dubois and Votre 2012). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to analyze the most frequent academic material clauses in a corpus of scientific articles, based on Systemic-Functional Linguistics (LSF), mainly Halliday and Matthiessen (2014). For that, we used Corpus Acadêmico do Português Brasileiro (CAPB), a corpus representative of the genre in question, with approximately 12.3 million words. Our goal was to observe possible differences and similarities in the use of material processes in different disciplines. For the analysis, samples of the most frequent material processes in the corpus were selected. According to research carried out by Miranda (2021), among the ten most frequent academic verbs, six instantiated material sentences, namely: apresentar, utilizar, realizar, encontrar, analisar and determinar. In this research, these verbs were studied in their realization as material clauses, taking into account the area of knowledge in which they occurred, as well as their uses and implications within the text. It was observed that material processes occurred similarly across different areas of knowledge in order to describe and report experiments, analyses, recommendations and authors' contributions to the field. However, through the contrastive study between the areas of knowledge, we perceived differences regarding the way each discipline chose to use the material processes and, consequentially, in the textual implications caused by those choices. Finally, the results contribute to a deeper understanding of academic writing, advancing theoretical studies in Portuguese based on LSF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the behavior of the verb deixar in Brazilian Portuguese using spontaneous speech data extracted from the C-ORAL-BRASIL I (RASO; MELLO, 2012) corpus. Considering the multifunctionality of this verb, reported in other studies (cf. PINTO, 2008; TRAVAGLIA, 2017), we sought to observe its occurrences, in order to verify whether its distribution, in spontaneous speech, is equivalent to that found in aforementioned studies, which reported greater productivity of this item as a grammatical verb. In the midst of this discussion, an acoustic analysis of the construction [deixa eu] was carried out in comparison with the third-person form of the present tense, in order to measure the degree of reduction of the construction and verify if it is more reduced from a paradigmatic point of view in relation to [deixa], as can be inferred by Bybee et al. (2016)'s study, and also from a syntagmatic point of view, i.e., in relation to its contiguous words, which would allow to effectively attest its degree of reduction compared to [deixa]. This research revealed that there are more uses of the verb with a discursive function, attested by the construction [deixa eu], followed by the grammatical function and the lexical function. Nevertheless, it was considered that the grammatical function is not rooted in the verb, but in the construction which it participates, which allow us to assume that it goes through a constructionalization process. The acoustic analysis, in turn, revealed that the construction [deixa eu] is, from a syntagmatic point of view, smaller than the form [deixa], which shows that it is at a more advanced stage of change, characterized by its function as a discourse marker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article was to analyze the uses of the verb virar in order to map the cluster of representations associated with it in Portuguese. With this proposal, the study joined the Usage-based Models and more specifically the Usage-based Constructionist Approach (GOLDBERG, 2019), adopting the construction - a paring of form and meaning - as basic unit of analysis. For the development of the research, the Incorporated Mixed Method was adopted in which different mechanisms were used for qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The Corpus do Português was the database used and 922 occurrences from the 19th and 20th centuries were collected. The hypothesis was that Argument Structure Constructions interfered with the cluster of representations associated with the verb in the same way that verbs interfere with the representation of Argument Structure Constructions. The analysis confirmed the hypothesis by verifying uses of the verb virar with Caused-motion Construction, Intransitive Motion Construction, Intransitive Resultative Construction, [Pronome Oblíquo + virar] Construction and [virar e mexer + clause] Construction. In this way, the clustering of representations attributed to the verb also refers to its different contexts of use that assume different clause patterns and, then, more specific uses emerge from them. Thus, the article contributes with discussions on the nature of verbal meaning in Construction Grammar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes and analyses micro-constructions in support function in contemporary Italian. More specifically, the micro-constructions [prendere+X], built around the verb "prendere", equivalent to the verb "tomar" in the Brazilian Portuguese (BP). From the principles of the Constructions Grammar, we describe its morphosyntactic configuration and the meanings represented by them; distinguish the semantic domains instantiated by these micro-constructions and show the differences in form and meaning that these instantiations reveal in relation to their equivalent in BP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Santiagueño Quichua (Quechua, South America) exhibits multiple periphrastic constructions with auxiliar verbs. Many of these constructions are in synchronic variation (phonological, morphological and syntactic) as there is a coexistence of new and old forms. This was observed in primary and secondary sources and during elicitation. As the grammaticalization and diachronic construction grammar are complementary approaches, this work outlines a hypothesis of linguistic change for the periphrastic constructions of Quichua Santiagueño based on a grammaticalization path that responds to the periphrasis-fusion-erosion cycle and the extension of a pattern originated in the converb construction. The recognition of this constructions and similar changes in other branches of the linguistic family allows us to contribute to the existing observations on the position of Quichua Santiagueño among other Quechua languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telicity is characterized by the presence of an endpoint of the event linguistically delimited in the sentence. One of the ways in which this delimitation can be made is through the insertion of determiners in the verbal complement. In Spanish, it is discussed whether plural determiners lead to a telic or atelic reading of the sentence. In that language, there is an aspectual particle known as the telic "se" that ratifies the telicity value of the sentence. Thus, it is used, in this research, as an instrument to verify the role that plural determiners have, when they head the verbal complement, for the delimitation of the event. In view of this, it was intended, with this work, to verify if the telic "se" could be combined with verbs that contained verbal complements headed by plural determiners in Spanish based on data from the varieties spoken in Colombia and Chile. For this purpose, a linguistic test, characterized as commented grammar judgment, was applied to native speakers of these regions. The results demonstrate that the association investigated in the study is possible in both varieties and that verbal complements headed by plural determiners lead to a telic reading of the sentence. In addition, it was possible to observe that the association of the telic "se" with verbs such as "beber" and with determiners such as "ciertos(as)" and "pocos(as)" seems infrequent in the language. It was argued that the telic "se" seems to combine more frequently with verbs that contain complements headed by plural determiners that have less contextual dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering that the language is available to the communicative needs of the speaker, in this paper we deal with the processes of formation of new verbs in contemporary Brazilian Portuguese, such as sextou, sabadou and cinquentou. Our general goal is to propose an analysis of the formation and use of these neologisms, in view based on the morphological patterns through which these verbs have been manifested and how they can act in a linguistic-pragmatic bias (ILARI; BASSO, 2014). We conclude that these verbs, through their structure, have represented the dynamism of the language in the face of everyday life, which reveals its morphopragmatic character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adding bem (lit. 'well') to a modalized proposition, as in it is quite possible that he already left, increases the degree of conviction being conveyed. Apparently, this epistemic reinforcement that results from the presence of bem corresponds to the expression of a higher degree of belief than what is expressed without bem. Concretely, while é possível que p ('it is possible that p') indicates that p is a possibility, é bem possível que p ('it is quite possible that p') will indicate that p is a good possibility. If so, the meaning of constructions resulting from the addition of bem to a modalized proposition can be captured within the framework of modality analysis in Krazter (1991, a.o.), who considers different degrees of modality, including the notions of possibility and good possibility. This way, it will be understandable why bem can co-occur with weak modals, as the equivalents of possible or may, but not with strong modals, such as the equivalents of must or have to, since the latter already have a strong value, not being able to be reinforced by the addition of bem. However, there are counterarguments to this hypothesis, which, among other problems, does not explain why bem may co-occur with various types of modal operators or propositional attitude verbs that express a strong epistemic value, such as, e.g., certo ('right'), as in é bem certo! ('quite right!'), or to know, as in the equivalent of he knows well that he is late. Thus, two questions arise: (i) how to explain the epistemic reinforcement resulting from the addition of bem to a sentence with an epistemic modal operator? (ii) why can bem combine with some epistemic modal operators, but not with all of them? An alternative hypothesis is presented and explored, according to which bem does not contribute to the truth conditions of the sentence, but functions at the discursive level. Specifically, the proposed hypothesis is that the addition of bem to a modalized proposition indicates the expectation that this proposition will remain valid as discourse flows. That is, bem has the function of making the proposition in which it occurs persistent. Thus, the meaning of the constructions resulting from the addition of bem to a modalized sentence is best captured by an analysis of modality within dynamic semantics. In dynamic semantics, the meaning of a sentence is its Context Change Potential, its capability to update the information of the context (or information state) relative to which it is asserted. The proposed analysis provides an answer the two aforementioned questions. Epistemic reinforcement conveyed by bem corresponds to expressing the expectation that the modalized proposition will remain valid as discourse flows. The reason why bem can co-occur with some, but not all, epistemic operators is linked to the type of epistemic state described by each sentence. As predicted by the proposed hypothesis, bem cannot co-occur with modal operators expressing an inference that arises from particular information and that may not be maintained as new information is gathered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With this paper, we intend to present some considerations about the atypical behavior of the verb 'poder' in European Portuguese, when considered within the frame of legal language. Having in mind the analysis of two dominant textual typologies in the juridical field -- law itself and the judicial sentence -- we aim to describe the potential of interpretation concerning some occurrences which may be of interest when the objective is to reflect on the operative variations of this modal in discursive production, translation studies and other related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidentiality or, following the French linguistic tradition, "mediativity" is a complex and controversial category, with an already extensive body of literature devoted to other languages and a few studies focusing on Portuguese. As a conceptual category, abstracting away from its linguistic means of expression, which is to some extent present in languages such as Portuguese that lack a specific grammatical system for its codification, evidentiality/mediativity raises two main issues which are yet to be addressed: the first question concerns the definition of its status as a grammatical, semantic or discursive category and of its conceptual basis, traditionally characterized as referring to the source of information for the propositional content of the utterance, while the second touches upon its demarcation with respect to the conceptual category of epistemic modality. The aim of this study is to provide an answer to both questions from a cognitive-functional, usage-based perspective, on the basis of two grammaticalized evidential/mediative markers of Portuguese, namely the compound form of the future and the verb parecer 'seem' followed by a non-finite verb or a finite clause. We sustain the view that evidentiality provides an indication about the source and reliability of the information, and that reliability does not necessarily involve degrees of epistemic speaker commitment or degrees of (un)certainty. While the reportative evidential uses of the compound form of the future in Modern European Portuguese, typical of news reports, and of parecer provide evidence for the relative independence of evidentiality in relation to epistemic modality, the inferential evidential uses of the compound future and of parecer reveal a close link, and even a partial overlap, between evidentiality and epistemic modality. Both reportative and inferential uses of these evidential markers contribute to the speaker's epistemic control in the discourse and speaker's intersubjective alignment. While the inferential uses of the compound future and of parecer stemmed from diachronic cognitive and pragmatic-discursive processes of subjectification, the reportative uses of these evidential markers resulted from diachronic cognitive and pragmatic-discursive processes of intersubjectification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text analyses the relation between argument structure and information structure with "core dative verbs" in European Portuguese (EP), specifically in the constructions with heavy direct objects (DO). Developing some previous analysis, I will argue in favour of the proposal that EP has a basic construction of ditransitives where the DO is projected as complement of a low verbal category and the IO is projected in the specifier position of that verbal category. When the DP DO raises to a higher position because of Case reasons, the order V DO IO is obtained. With a heavy and focalized DO the order is V IO OD and that can be explained if the DP DO leaves a spelled-out copy. This approach makes discursive functional categories such that topic and focus in the left periphery of the Verbal Phrase unnecessary and reinforces the view that in languages like European Portuguese information structure relates, in a very strong way, Syntax and Phonology and Syntax and Prosody. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Lengua y Literatura Catalana, Gallega y Vasca is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Linguística Antropológica is the property of Revista Brasileira de Linguística Antropológica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Phaos is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on the Textual-Interactive Grammar (TIG), we investigate the construction "(eu só) sei que" in its function of Discourse Marker (DM) acting in the textual organization. Based on data collected from speech samples of Brazilian Portuguese variety, we identify five textual functions of DM: topic closing; intratopic sequencing; topic sequencing; topic opening and basically sequencer + secondarily modal. We conclude that these five functions can compound to a path of linguistic change, via abstraction of uses, having as terminal focal point the DM functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Building the way - Revista do Curso de Letras da UEG/Itapuranga is the property of Universidade Estadual de Goias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Even though the distinction between nouns and verbs is generally considered to be universal, it has been argued for some languages of Northern North America that they lack this distinction. The main argument for such assertion is that in these languages lexemes denoting entities and lexemes denoting actions receive the same markers, when used as predicates. Guató, an isolate from South America, exhibits a similar phenomenon. In Guató, lexemes considered nouns receive the same subject markers as intransitive verbs do, when they occur in predicative function. Moreover, nouns and verbs share other morphosyntactic features. This article aims to describe and to compare the morphosyntactic behavior of Guató nouns and verbs, pointing out similarities and differences between them.

In the variety of Portuguese spoken in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, the second person singular pronoun "tu" occurs more frequently than the innovative pronoun "você, being "tu" considered a mark of local identity. It is, however, usually followed by verbs conjugated in the third person, having been suggested that the usage of the canonical inflection is reserved to moments of a higher formality level. This study aimed to bring empirical data regarding how formal the different second person pronouns are interpreted by native speakers, as well as data confirming if they consider "tu" as part of their identity. A word selection task and a 5-point scale formality judgement task were conducted with 233 participants. The results confirm the idea that "tu" is part of the speakers' identity and they also suggest a triadic system, composed, in order of formality by "tu", "você", and "o senhor", all of them followed by a third person inflectional morphology, whereas"tu" followed by the canonical inflection competes with "você" for the intermediate position. Among the sociolinguistic factors that influence such judgments, only age was relevant, since participants who were 50 years old or older tended to consider sentences with "tu" more informal, regardless of the inflection associated to it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to analyze rhotic deletion in coda in Santomean Portuguese (PST), a Portuguese variety spoken in Sao Tome and Principe. This process was analyzed based on Variationist Sociolinguistics. Quantitative analyses have been carried out by softwares RStudio and Rbrul. Thus, we consider social (sex, age and education level) and linguistic (grammatical class, syllable stress, position in morphological word and quality of preceding vowels) variables that might favor or not the phenomenon. By examining 1523 rhotic occurrences in coda, we verified r-deletion in 56,53% of the data. The most significant variable is Segmental Position with the highest rate of r-deletion in word-final syllables (P. R. 71). Then, the sample was divided into two samples separately analyzed: 712 occurrences in word-medial coda and 811 occurrences in word-final coda. In word-medial coda, 32,6% of rhotics are deleted . The highest rates of loss are associated to elementary school (P.R. .62) and women (P.R. .59). In word-final coda, 77.5% of rhotics are deleted, Speakers with elementary school (P.R. .75) and younger speakers (P.R. .76) are more likely to delete the rhotic in coda. Considering Grammatical Class, r-deletion is favored in verbs (P.R. .62). These outcomes are compared with previous studies (BOUCHARD, 2017; BRANDÃO, 2018; BRANDÃO; DE PAULA, 2018; BRANDÃO et al., 2017) and with studies on PB and PE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]