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In recent years, Colombia has seen an increase in the demand for peach fruits, but despite having adequate areas for peach production, neither production nor quality has increased because these fruits have a short post-harvest life and low firmness, which makes them susceptible to manipulation. The nutritional element Silicon affects the quality of these fruits when applied in fertilization, increasing firmness values, improving color, and favoring the concentration of metabolites. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the edaphic application of different doses of silicon in the postharvest behavior of 'Dorado' peach fruits to maintain quality during storage for a longer time. A completely randomized block design with two blocks (stratum 1 and stratum 2) and five treatments (0, 300, 600, 900, or 120 kg ha-1 of silicon) was evaluated. The fruits from plants fertilized with 1200 kg ha-1 of Si showed more firmness and total soluble solids (TSS); however, the application of Si did not affect the other parameters. Fruits from stratum 1 had higher firmness and TSS than those from stratum 2, while the total carotenoids were not affected by stratum. The total titratable acidity and luminosity of the fruits decreased during postharvest, while the TSS only showed a slight increase. The respiratory rate presented the highest value ​​at 11 days of storage.

Abstract Feijoa is a promising crop in Colombia with high export potential. However, its postharvest shelf-life is short since it is a climacteric fruit with high respiration rates and susceptibility to fruit flies. Techniques such as refrigeration and the use of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) increase the post-harvest period and prolong fruit quality. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of different storage temperatures and 1-MCP doses on postharvest feijoa fruits. A completely randomized design with a 2x4 factorial arrangement was used, where the first factor was temperature (4 and 16 °C), and the second factor was the 1-MCP dose (0, 30, 60 and 90 µg L-1), for a total of eight treatments. The treatments at 4 °C presented lower values for mass loss and respiratory rate, while luminosity, chromaticity, soluble solids and antioxidant activity showed the highest values. The lowest 1-MCP doses at 4 °C had the highest values of titratable acidity and endocarp tone; on the contrary, the highest doses at 4 and 16 °C presented the highest values of phenolic compounds. The refrigerated feijoa fruits had a shelf-life between 36 and 42 days, while those stored at 16 °C only had commercial quality for 14 days, highlighting the importance of cold storage.

ABSTRACT The rootstock/scion morphological alterations are one of the limitations in the use of grafting, which has been defined as an incompatibility between these two tissues. However the effect of rootstock-scion interactions on reproductive potential, fruit set, yield efficiency, and avocado fruit quality characteristics are complex and poorly understood. This research aimed to evaluate the fruit growth of avocado cv. Hass in trees with incompatibilities between the rootstock and the graft in the main producing regions in Colombia. The split-plot design with a locality-blocking factor was used. The main plot corresponded to the compatibility and harvest factor, and the subplots to the age of fruit development. The statistical analysis consisted of a mixed linear model for the variables of respiratory rate and morphological growth of the fruit, performing a significant multiple difference test using the adjustment for multiplicity by family through Holm’s correction. The compatibility treatment and the harvest season did not affect the fruit respiratory rate nor the variables of growth and development of cv. Hass. However, the age of development significantly affected both the respiratory rate and the variables of fruit growth.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the physiological and hematological parameters of sheep in Brazil. Therefore, 5,081 observations were used from previous experiments with animals from different Brazilian regions with the time of day, gender, breed, age, physiological characteristics, hematological and climatic variables. The animals were classified according to their stress level, and only data of non-stressed animals were used to calculate the reference values. Respiratory rate was the parameter that most differed from the normal range, with values above the limits usually reported for the species, being higher in commercial wool sheep. For hematological variables, differences were observed between the present results and the previously reported values in the literature. A higher number of red blood cells (RBC), lower hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were observed in young animals. A higher number of RBC and MCHC were noted in sheep crossed with local breeds. Considering that physiological and hematological parameters are indicators of the animal's pathological or physiological state, for a correct interpretation of the results, the use of reference values based on animals with similar racial characteristics and subjected to similar environmental conditions is recommended.

ABSTRACT: The objective was to evaluate the effects of different levels of banana peel inclusion on the physiological variables of lactating F1 Holstein × Zebu cows. Ten cows distributed in two 5 × 5 Latin squares were used. Five experimental diets were tested: sorghum silage (control group); and the addition of 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60% of banana peel to replace sorghum silage. The experiment lasted 80 days. The environmental and physiological variables of the animals were measured. The Black Globe-Humidity Index presented an alert situation in the morning shift and a dangerous situation in the afternoon shift. The respiratory rate was not influenced by the levels of banana peel inclusion (P > 0.05) in the morning shift. However, it was influenced (P < 0.05) in the afternoon shift. The levels of banana peel inclusion in the diet did not affect the rectal temperature. Under the study environmental conditions, the level of up to 60% of banana peel replacing sorghum silage did not alter the physiological variables of thermoregulation in F1 Holstein × Zebu cows.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different nutritional plans on the productive, physiological and metabolic parameters of F1 ½ Holstein x ½ Zebu cows in different stages of lactation. Sixty lactating cows were allotted to a completely randomized 5 x 3 factorial design with five feed allowances and three lactation periods. The dry matter intake, milk yield and heart rate were reduced by 5.69kg, 2.41kg and 10.36 beats/min (morning) and 10.25 beats/min (afternoon) for each 1% feed restriction, respectively. There was no difference in the concentration of glucose, total protein, albumin, cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acids for cows subjected to different feed allowances, with means of 95.25, 7.98, 2.95, 121.68 and 0.45mg/dL, respectively. Feed restriction of up to 2.50% BW is a cost reduction strategy that does not alter milk yield, regardless of the stage of lactation.

Brachycephalic dogs have a normal lower jaw and a receded upper jaw, and these dogs are predisposed to nostril stenosis, elongated palate, tracheal hypoplasia and hyperthermia due to heat stress. Given these characteristics, these dogs are more predisposed to respiratory and cardiovascular disorders. The popularity of brachycephalic dogs that have a greater tendency for cardiorespiratory disorders, such as French bulldogs, has increased recently; however, studies on the cardiorespiratory and haematological parameters in this breed are lacking. Thus, the present study sought to evaluate the cardiorespiratory and haematological parameters of healthy French bulldogs to standardize normal values and to serve as a basis for routine clinical, surgical and laboratory parameters and future studies on the breed. Thirty-six French bulldogs were used without predilection for age or sex, and the following parameters were evaluated: temperature (T), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), erythrogram, leukogram, total plasma protein, plasmatic fibrinogen, blood platelet count, urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (AP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The mean and standard deviation were as follows: T°C (38.3±0.4), HR (111.1±27.0) beats per minute, RR (54.8±32.5) breaths per minute, erythrocyte count (7.3±1.2x106), haemoglobin (16.9±2.8 g/dL), haematocrit (48.9±7.7%), MCV (67.6±2.4 fL), MCH (23.3±0.7 pg), MCHC (34.6±0.8%), RDW-CV (9.3±0.9; 9.2-12.0%), total leukocytes (11009.7±2907.3/mm3), band neutrophils (250.0±260.4/mm3), segmented neutrophils (7094.4±2307.3/mm3), eosinophils (589.7±561.3/mm3), lymphocytes (2020.8±1457.5/mm3), monocytes (987.6±528.4/mm3), total plasma protein (6.9±0.5 g/dL), plasmatic fibrinogen (274.1±96.5 mg/dL), blood platelet count (366.4±88.5/mm3), urea (35.2±12.6 mg/dL), creatinine (0.8±0.2/mg/dL), AP (49.1±25.8U/L) and ALT (36.2±12.3U/L). The haematological parameters and heart rate were within the normal values for the species, but the respiratory rate values (54.8±32.5 breaths per minute) were greater than the normal average of 10 to 30 breaths per minute. We conclude that the haematological parameters and heart rate of healthy French bulldogs are within the normal limit for dogs; however, the respiratory rate is above reference values, reinforcing the notion that dogs of this breed, although healthy, exhibit an increased risk of respiratory disorders.

ABSTRACT Climacteric fruits have short postharvest shelf life. Coating is an alternative to minimize fruit ripening and post-harvest losses. Maize starch (S) and polivinilic alcohol - PVOH (P), isolated or blended, can be used in the formulation of coatings. However, little is known about the potential of PVOH-containing coatings in postharvest conservation of fruits. Papaya were aftercoated with 5 coating formulations: 3% starch (S), 3% PVOH (P), 2.25% S + 0.75% P, 1.5% S + 1.5% P and 0.75% S + 2.25% P. The fruits were kept at room temperature (20 ± 5 °C and 70 ± 10% RH) and physicochemical characteristics were evaluated for up to eight days. Uncoated fruits were used as control. In general, maize starch and PVOH. In general, maize starch and PVOH coatings reduced the weight loss and did not affect total soluble solids concentration. 3% PVOH coating increased the acidity and decreased the pH of the fruits, and excessively inhibited gas exchange between fruit and the environment. In this study, 3% maize starch coating was more efficient in prolonging the postharvest life of papaya.

ABSTRACT Yam, cassava, jackfruit seed and mango seed kernel have potential for the extraction and use as starch in the food industry of starch or for the formulation of biodegradable coatings. As a biodegradable coating, starch can be applied in fruits characterized by a fast maturation, such as mango, which requires technologies to increase its shelf life. The aim of this study was to characterize starch from four non-traditional sources and to evaluate their potential as coating for ‘Palmer’ mango fruit. Starches used were extracted from cassava, mango seed kernel, jackfruit seed, and yam, and had their physical, optical, and chemical properties characterized for later use as coatings of ‘Palmer’ mango fruit. Fruits were coated with 3% cassava starch, 3.5% jackfruit seed starch, 3.5% mango seed kernel starch and 3.5% yam starch, and were compared to the control (uncoated). They were then stored at 24.4 ± 0.3 °C and 87 ± 2% RH and evaluated for 12 days. A 5x7 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized experimental design was adopted. Total starch content was higher than 70% in the four sources of starch. Starches from jackfruit and yam had higher amylose content. The four sources of starch had low water solubility and swelling power, with jackfruit seed starch having the highest values. The coating sources were effective in maintaining quality, particularly mango seed kernel starch because it reduced respiratory rate and weight loss in 27.7% and 33.8%, respectively, as well as jackfruit seed starch as it delayed fruit skin yellowing.

Objective. The purpose of this study was to provide appropriate preoperative supportive conditions to improve anxiety and vital signs for patients undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting -CABG- surgery. Methods. This clinical trial study was performed on 90 patients undergoing CABG surgery in Farshchian Hospital of Hamadan, Iran in 2019. Sample was selected by convenience and were randomly divided into three groups: control (n=30), intervention1 (n=30), and intervention2 (n=30). The control group received only the routine preoperative counseling of ward and admitted to the operating room as usual; the intervention1 and intervention2 groups in addition received another two counseling sessions, then the intervention1 group was admitted in the operating room as usual, but the intervention2 group was admitted by the counselor in the operating room. Data were collected using a three-part questionnaire including demographic characteristics, vital signs chart, and the Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the mean anxiety of the three groups after admission in the operating room (intervention2 was lower than intervention1 and control groups, p

RESUMO Objetivo Correlacionar os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios com a idade gestacional e com o nível de habilidade de alimentação oral na introdução da alimentação oral de recém-nascidos pré-termo. Método Participaram desta pesquisa 37 recém-nascidos pré-termo, clinicamente estáveis. A verificação das frequências cardíaca e respiratória foi realizada antes e após a introdução da primeira alimentação por via oral. Os recém-nascidos foram distribuídos em três estratos conforme a idade gestacional do nascimento. A habilidade oral foi classificada em quatro níveis: I - baixa habilidade oral e baixa resistência para alimentação; II - baixa habilidade oral e alta resistência para alimentação; III - alta habilidade oral e baixa resistência para alimentação; IV - alta habilidade oral e alta resistência para alimentação. Resultados Não houve diferença na frequência cardíaca e respiratória entre os estratos da idade gestacional e entre os níveis de habilidade oral. Ao comparar a frequência cardíaca e respiratória inicial e final dentro de cada nível de habilidade oral e estrato da idade gestacional, observou-se diferença entre a frequência cardíaca nos estratos das idades gestacionais entre 30 e 33 semanas e entre 34 e 36 semanas, bem como nos níveis de habilidade oral I, II e IV; com relação à comparação entre a frequência respiratória inicial e final, foi encontrada diferença no nível I de habilidade de alimentação oral. Conclusão As frequências cardíaca e respiratória sofreram alterações quando comparadas com dados pré e pós-prandial na primeira alimentação por via oral, assim como quando comparadas sobre aspectos da idade gestacional e nível de habilidade oral.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the thermoregulatory response of dairy buffaloes in pre-milking and post-milking. To identify animal thermoregulatory capacity, skin surface temperatures were taken by an infrared thermometer (SST), a thermographic camera (MTBP) as well as respiratory rate records (RR). Black Globe and Humidity Index (BGHI), radiating thermal load (RTL) and enthalpy (H) were used to characterize the thermal environment. Artificial Neural Networks analyzed those indices as well as animal physiological data, using a single layer trained with the least mean square (LMS) algorithm. The results indicated that pre-milking and post-milking environments reached BGHI, RR, SST and MTBP values above thermal neutrality zone for buffaloes. In addition, limits of surface skin temperatures were mostly influenced by changing ambient conditions to the detriment of respiratory rates. It follows that buffaloes are sensitive to environmental changes and their skin temperatures are the best indicators of thermal comfort in relation to respiratory rate.

This experiment was conducted to study the substitution of soybean meal with peanut cake in the supplement by assessing the feeding behavior and the interaction between the thermal environment and the physiological responses of eight crossbred cows with an average live weight of 500 kg. Cows were divided into two 4 × 4 Latin squares and managed on pasture. The peanut cake was included at the levels of 0, 330, 660, and 1,000 g kg-1 in the supplement as a replacement for soybean meal. The feeding behavior variables were not affected by the levels of peanut cake. No differences were found for the physiological parameters of the animals with the replacement of soybean meal for peanut cake in the supplements. Peanut cake can replace up to 100% soybean meal in the supplement of grazing lactating crossbred cows without altering the feeding behavior or physiological parameters of the animals.

Purpose: Perform content validation of a decannulation protocol for tracheostomized adult patients., Methods: To validate the content of the protocol developed by speech therapists, the Delphi technique was used. The 11 items of the protocol were judged by experts through rounds via e-mail and were classified as adequate, partially adequate or inadequate, in addition to providing comments and suggestions on each item. 30 speech therapists, 30 respiratory physiotherapists and 30 physicians responsible for the tracheostomy and decannulation procedure were invited. The percentage of agreement adopted was ≥ 80% and the process was interrupted when this percentage was obtained in all items., Results: At the end of the process, 24 professionals participated in the third round, being 46% speech therapists, 29% physiotherapists and 25% physicians. After the experts' suggestions and comments, two items were kept as they were in the initial protocol, seven were reformulated, six were included and two were excluded. The final version of the protocol included: identification, absence of abundant secretions, characteristics of the secretion, effective cough, ability to remove secretions, tolerate the deflated cuff, aptitude in the decannulation process, level of consciousness, change of cannula to a smaller caliber, absence of current/active infection, spontaneous and effective swallowing of saliva, use of a speech valve, aptitude for occlusion of the cannula, assessment of aptitude for decannulation and objective examinations., Conclusion: Through the Delphi Technique, the content of the instrument was validated, with substantial changes occurring. The next stage of instrument validation is obtaining evidence of validity in relation to the internal structure.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of severe extreme thermal stress on the respiratory rate (panting) of unsheared and sheared rams in standing and lying position, and to analyse two temperature-humidity indices (THIs). Six mature Australian Merino rams from Northern Patagonia, three unshorn and three shorn, were subjected to 40 hours (8 hours each day for five days) of gradual increase in temperature from 25°C to 40°C, guaranteeing 4h daily at 40°C in a heat chamber. Respiratory rate (RR) was registered continuously by counting flank movements, and the ambient air temperature and relative humidity were recorded every five minutes inside the heat chamber. From 1413 RR measurements, descriptive and modelling analyses were performed. Panting as a response variable was distributed into five categories, and fixed effects such as THI, wool (unshorn/shorn), and position (standing/lying) were considered. No significant differences were observed between the panting score in the unshorn (standing or lying) and standing (unshorn or shorn) sheep, but significant differences were observed in shorn and lying rams. The explanations could be that heat production from muscle activity was lower and the transfer and heat lost by conduction to the floor was easier in the rams with shorter fleece (at least 0.7 inches long). However, in the unshorn rams, their wool acted as an insulator, both with air as well as the floor. Australian Merino rams from Northern Patagonia are heat tolerant to an environment between 31.5°C and 42°C, and 32% to 48% humidity for 40 hours over five days. The rams were in the first phase of panting, and the normal rectal temperatures registered daily when leaving the heat chamber confirmed that regulation of body temperature was possible. The LPHSI’s THI was adjusted to improve the analysis of the RR more than the National Research Council’s THI.

Thermal discomfort inside facilities is one of the factors responsible for low productivity of caprines in the Brazilian Northeast region, because inadequate weather conditions can cause elevated rectal temperature, increased respiratory rate, decreased food ingestion and reduced production. The present paper aimed to study the behavior of physiological thermoregulation of the animals (respiratory rate - RR and rectal temperature - RT) at four different times of the day (8 a.m., 11 a.m., 2 p.m. and 5 p.m.) and their relation to bioclimatic indexes (Temperature Humidity Index - THI, Black Globe Humidity Index - BGHI and Radiant Heat Load - RHL) in order to determine whether the type of covering used in the animals facilities (ceramic covering - CC, asbestos cement covering - AC and straw covering - SC) interferes with the physiology of thermoregulation. The time of data collection was related to the values of environmental and physiological variables. At 2 p.m. it was found the highest values of Radiant Heat Load on the three types of covering. The values of RT and RR were higher at 11 a.m. and 2 p.m., and the straw tile provided better thermal conditions of microclimate for the animals. The increased RR maintained the caprines homeothermy.

OBJETIVOS E JUSTIFICATIVAS: Não existe um preditor de desmame da ventilação mecânica (VM) ideal. Numa grande metanálise, apesar de limitações metodológicas, a frequência respiratória (FR) foi considerada um preditor promissor. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a FR como um preditor de falha de desmame da VM. MÉTODO: Avaliamos prospectivamente 166 pacientes destinados ao desmame da VM. A FR e outros parâmetros essenciais para desmame foram avaliados numa fase inicial de triagem. Os pacientes que apresentaram na triagem os parâmetros essenciais para desmame foram submetidos ao teste de respiração espontânea. A FR foi comparada com os desfechos: sucesso, falha de desmame ou falha de extubação. RESULTADOS: Sucesso de desmame em 76,5% e falha de desmame em 17,5% dos pacientes. Seis por cento de reintubações. O poder preditivo para falha de desmame da FR, melhor ponto de corte FR > 24 respirações por minuto (rpm), foi: sensibilidade de 100%, especificidade de 85% e acurácia de 88% (curva ROC, p < 0,0001). Dos pacientes com falha de desmame, 100% foram identificados pela FR na fase de triagem (corte FR > 24 rpm). Houve 15% de falsos positivos, sucessos de desmame com FR > 24 rpm. CONCLUSÃO: A FR foi um preditor eficiente de falha de desmame. Encontrou-se como melhor ponto de corte FR > 24 rpm, diferentemente daqueles referidos pela literatura (35 e 38 rpm). Apenas 6% dos pacientes foram reintubados e tanto a FR quanto os outros parâmetros para desmame não tiveram capacidade de identificá-los. © 2013 Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia.OBJETIVOS Y JUSTIFICATIVAS: No existe un predictor de destete de la ventilación mecánica (VM) ideal. En un gran metaanálisis, y pese a las limitaciones metodológicas, la Frecuencia Respiratoria (FR) fue considerada como un predictor promisorio. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la FR como un predictor de fallo de destete de la VM. MÉTODO: Evaluamos prospectivamente 166 pacientes destinados al destete de la VM. La FR y otros parámetros esenciales para el destete se calcularon en una fase inicial de selección. Los pacientes que en la selección inicial tenían los parámetros esenciales para el destete, fueron sometidos al test de respiración espontánea. La FR se comparó con los resultados: éxito, fallo de destete o fallo de extubación. RESULTADOS: Se comprobó el éxito del destete en un 76,5% y el fallo del destete en un 17,5% de los pacientes. Hubo un seis por ciento de nuevas intubaciones. El poder predictivo para el fallo de destete de la FR, mejor punto de corte FR > 24 respiraciones por minuto (rpm) fue: sensibilidad del 100%, especificidad del 85% y exactitud del 88% (curva ROC, p < 0,0001). De los pacientes con fallo de destete, un 100% fueron identificados por la FR en la fase de selección (corte FR > 24 rpm). Hubo un 15% de falsos positivos, éxitos de destete con FR > 24 rpm. CONCLUSIONES: La FR fue un predictor eficiente de fallo de destete. Encontramos como mejor punto de corte FR > 24 rpm, a diferencia de aquellos referidos por la literatura (35 y 38 rpm). Solamente un 6% de los pacientes fueron reintubados y tanto la FR como los otros parámetros para el destete no tuvieron capacidad para identificarlos.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There is not an ideal predictor of weaning from mechanical ventilation (MV). In a large meta-analysis, despite methodological limitations, respiratory rate (RR) was considered a promising predictor. The aim of this study was to evaluate RR as a predictor of weaning failure from MV. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 166 patients scheduled for weaning from MV. RR and other essential criteria for weaning were evaluated at an early stage of screening. Patients who met the essential screening criteria for weaning underwent spontaneous breathing trial. RR was compared with the following outcomes: weaning success/failure or extubation failure. RESULTS: Weaning success was present in 76.5% and weaning failure in 17.5% of patients. There were 6% of reintubations. The predictive power for RR weaning failure, RR best cut-off point > 24 breaths per minute (rpm), was: sensitivity 100%, specificity 85%, and accuracy 88% (ROC curve, p < 0.0001). Of the patients with weaning failure, 100% were identified by RR during screening (RR cut-off > 24 rpm). There were 15% false positives, weaning successes with RR > 24 rpm. CONCLUSION: RR was an effective predictor of weaning failure. The best cut-off point was RR > 24 rpm, which differed from those reported in the literature (35 and 38 rpm). Only 6% of patients were reintubated, but RR or other weaning criteria did not identify them.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade e a perda de matéria seca em grãos de milho armazenados em bolsas herméticas sob diferentes temperaturas. Para isso, grãos de milho com teor de água inicial de 14,8 e 17,9% foram acondicionados em bolsas de polietileno lacradas e armazenados em temperaturas de 15; 25 e 35 ºC. Ao longo de 150 dias, em intervalos de 30 dias, as concentrações de oxigênio (O2) e dióxido de carbono (CO2) nas bolsas foram medidas e amostras dos grãos foram retiradas para a determinação do teor de água, massa específica aparente da matéria seca, percentual de germinação e classificação comercial. A perda de matéria seca foi estimada por meio de um modelo obtido como função da taxa respiratória dos grãos. Em 150 dias, a perda de matéria seca dos grãos de milho armazenados com teor de água de 14,8% foi aproximadamente 3,5 vezes inferior à verificada para o produto armazenado com teor de água de 17,9%. Com base nos resultados de percentual de germinação e massa específica aparente da matéria seca, o limite de 0,015% de perda de matéria seca pode ser considerado como máximo admissível para a manutenção da integridade dos grãos no armazenamento em bolsas herméticas. Aos 150 dias, apenas, os grãos de milho armazenados com teor de água de 17,9% em temperatura de 35 ºC apresentam classificação inferior (Tipo 2) à do início do experimento e esta condição coincidiu com a perda de matéria seca de 0,037%.The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality and loss of dry matter of corn grain stored in airtight bags at different temperatures. To do this, corn grain with an initial moisture content of 14.8 and 17.9% was placed into polyethylene bags which were sealed and stored at temperatures of 15, 25 and 35 ºC. For 150 days, at 30-day intervals, the concentrations of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the bags were measured, and grain samples were taken to determine the moisture content, apparent specific dry matter weight, percentage of germination and commercial classification. Dry matter loss was estimated by means of a model obtained as a function of the respiratory rate of the grains. At 150 days, the loss of dry matter of the corn grains with a moisture content of 14.8% when stored, was approximately 3.5 times lower than that of the product with a moisture content of 17.9% when stored. Based on the results of the percentage of germination and apparent specific dry matter weight, the limit of a 0.015% loss in dry matter can be considered as the maximum permissible to maintain the integrity of corn grain in storage in sealed bags. At 150 days, only the corn grain, stored with moisture content of 17.9% and at a temperature of 35 ºC, showed a lower classification (Type 2) than at the beginning of the experiment, and this condition coincided with a dry matter loss of 0.037 %.

Study design: Cross-sectional study. Objective: To evaluate the influence of continuous and intermittent noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) on cardiac autonomic modulation and cardiorespiratory parameters in healthy women. Methods: Twenty subjects performed two types of NIV: continuous through CPAP and intermittent through Müller Reanimator. Initially they remained at rest for 20 minutes in spontaneous breathing. Then volunteers were subjected to 20 minutes of NIV application with the selected technique and finally remained at rest for 20 minutes in spontaneous breathing. Cardiorespiratory parameters and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured in all these moments. Results: There were no significant differences when comparing the two techniques. Differences were observed in HRV and cardiorespiratory parameters when analyzed individually. Lower values of heart rate and respiratory rate were observed in continuous ventilation when compared to values during ventilation with spontaneous breathing (p

La pitahaya amarilla (Selenicereus megalanthus How) es una fruta exótica con gran potencial comercial. No obstante, sólo ha sido aprovechada comercialmente como fruta entera, sin procedimientos que le den valor agregado y mayor tiempo de vida de anaquel. En este trabajo se evaluó la aplicación de 200 mg%lt de 1-MCP (Metylciclopropene) en pitahaya amarilla mínimamente procesada (rodajas con cáscara y sin cáscara), empacada al vacío y almacenada bajo refrigeración, sobre la intensidad respiratoria y parámetros de calidad como sólidos solubles, acidez total titulable, pérdida de peso, azúcares totales, firmeza y color. La aplicación de 1-MCP aumentó la producción de CO2, lo cual se manifestó en mayores contenidos de sólidos solubles y azúcares totales, pero no incidió en la pérdida de peso, variación de la acidez total titulable, cambios de color y retención de la firmeza. En ambos tipos de procesamientos se logró reducir durante el almacenamiento la pérdida de vitamina C.Yellow pitahaya (Selenicereus megalanthus How), is an exotic fruit with great commercial potential, it has been commercialized without using methods that add value and%or prolong its shelf-life. The effect the application of 200 mg%lt 1-MCP on the respiratory rate and quality properties of vacuum sealed minimally processed yellow pitahaya slices during shelf-life under refrigeration was evaluated. Soluble solids, total titratable acidity, weight loss, total sugars, firmness and color were measured in fruit slices with and without skin. The application of 1-MCP before storage increased the respiratory rate and consequently increased soluble solids and total sugars, and did not show any detrimental on weight loss, total titratable acidity, color changes and firmness. However, the application of 1-MCP reduced loss of vitamin C in yellow pitahaya slices with and without skin during storage time.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar aspectos fisiológicos e microbiológicos de diferentes cultivares de batatas minimamente processadas. Batatas das cultivares 'Ágata', 'Asterix' e 'Monalisa' foram selecionadas, classificadas, lavadas e descascadas por abrasão, sendo em seguida cortadas em cubos, sanitizadas e centrifugadas. Depois foram colocadas em frascos herméticos e armazenadas a 5, 15 e 25°C. Foram determinadas a atividade respiratória e a produção de etileno logo após o processamento e durante 10 horas. As análises microbiológicas foram realizadas no dia do processamento e após nove, cinco e um dia de conservação, a 5, 15 e 25°C, respectivamente. Observou-se que as batatas 'Asterix' apresentaram maiores taxas respiratórias em relação às cultivares 'Ágata' e 'Monalisa', independentemente da temperatura de armazenamento. Nas temperaturas de 15 e 25oC, as batatas 'Ágata' e 'Monalisa' apresentaram comportamentos semelhantes entre si. As contagens de bactérias psicrotróficas e coliformes totais, para todas as cultivares armazenadas 5oC, mantiveram-se dentro dos limites aceitáveis durante nove dias de armazenamento. Não foram detectados coliformes a 45°C e Salmonella. Ficou evidenciada a eficiência do armazenamento a 5°C no controle da atividade metabólica e na segurança microbiológica de batatas minimamente processadas.The purpose of the present research was to evaluate physiological and microbiological aspects of different minimally processed potatoes cultivars. Potatoes cultivar 'Agata', 'Asterix' and 'Monalisa' were selected, classified, washed and abrasion peeled before being diced, sanitized and centrifuged. They were then placed in hermetically closed flasks and stored at 5, 15 and 25°C. The respiratory activity and ethylene production were determined immediately after the processing and during 10 hours. Microbiological analyses were carried out on the processing day and after one, five and nine days of storage at 25, 15 and 5oC, respectively. Potatoes cv. 'Asterix' showed the highest respiratory rates when compared to potatoes cultivar 'Agata' and 'Monalisa', regardless of the storage temperature. Potatoes cv. 'Agata' and 'Monalisa' behaved similarly to each other at 15 and 25°C. Psychrotrophic bacteria and total coliforms counts for all cultivars were within acceptable limits at 5oC for nine days of storage. The presence of coliforms at 45°C and Salmonella was not detected. Storage at 5°C was effective to control the metabolic activity and to keep food safety of minimally processed potatoes.

Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar o desempenho, o conforto térmico e o comportamento de bezerros mestiços Holandês × Zebu mantidos em abrigos móveis, sob sombrites ou a céu aberto durante a época seca do ano (26/04/2002 a 30/08/2002). Foram utilizados 24 bezerros do nascimento aos 70 dias de idade, distribuídos em blocos casualizados, nas instalações: 1 - abrigos móveis; 2 - sob telas de polipropileno (sombrite); 3 - a céu aberto. Os animais mantidos a céu aberto apresentaram, à tarde, maior temperatura retal e maior frequência respiratória. Não foram observadas diferenças entre intalações quanto às variáveis relacionadas ao comportamento animal. Bezerros mantidos em abrigos móveis passaram a maior parte do tempo fora das instalações. O desempenho dos animais não diferiu entre os tratamentos. Nos três tipos de instalação, os bezerros intensificaram, à tarde, os mecanismos latentes de perda de calor elevando a frequência respiratória acima da faixa considerada normal. Os animais mantidos a céu aberto não conseguem manter a temperatura retal na faixa considerada normal. Bezerros mantidos em abrigos móveis, sob telas de polipropileno ou a céu aberto apresentam desempenhos semelhantes.The objective of this trial was to evaluate performance, thermal comfort and behavior of crossbred Holstein x Zebu dairy calves kept in different housing systems during the dry season (26/04/2002 to 30/08/2002). Twenty-four calves were raised from birth to 70 days of age in one of the following housing systems: (1 - hutches; 2 - shadecloth; or 3 - with no shelter. Calves raised with no shelter showed higher rectal temperatures and respiratory rates in the afternoon. It was also observed that calves spend most of the time outside the hutches. There were no differences among housing systems for behavior measurements as well as for body weight, average daily weight gain, starter intake, and feed efficiency. In all three housing systems calves used their latent heat loss mechanisms by increasing respiratory rates above normal range in the afternoon. Calves raised with no shelter showed increased rectal temperatures and respiratory rates and were not able to maintain these variables within normal physiological range. No significant differences in calf performance were observed across the three housing systems in the present study.

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho, o conforto térmico e o comportamento de bezerros mestiços Holandês ´ Zebu mantidos em abrigos móveis, sob sombrites ou a céu aberto durante a estação chuvosa do ano (dezembro a abril). Foram utilizados 24 bezerros mestiços do nascimento aos 70 dias de idade, distribuídos em blocos casualizados, nas seguintes instalações: abrigos móveis, telas de polipropileno e a céu aberto. Os animais mantidos a céu aberto apresentaram, à tarde, maior temperatura retal e maior frequência respiratória. Não foi observada influência dos tipos de instalação sobre as variáveis relacionadas ao comportamento, entretanto, os bezerros mantidos em abrigos móveis passaram a maior parte do tempo do lado de fora das instalações. As instalações não afetaram o desempenho dos animais. Nos três tipos de instalação, no período da tarde, os bezerros elevaram a frequência respiratória acima da faixa considerada fisiologicamente normal, o que caracteriza condição de desconforto térmico. Bezerros permanecem a maior parte do tempo do lado de fora dos abrigos móveis, mesmo nos horários de radiação solar mais intensa ou durante as horas de chuva. Bezerros mantidos em abrigos individuais, sob sombrites ou a céu aberto apresentam desempenhos semelhantes.The objective of this trial was to evaluate performance, thermal comfort and behavior of crossbred Holstein x Zebu dairy calves kept in different housing systems during the rainy season (December to April). Twenty-four calves were raised from birth to 70 days of age in one of the following housing systems: hutches; shadecloth; or no shelter. Rectal temperature and respiratory rate measurements were taken twice a day (8:00 AM and 3:00 PM) when calves were 1, 4 and 9 weeks old. Respiratory rate was measured counting the number of respiratory movements per minute and rectal temperatures were taken with clinical thermometers. Behavior evaluation was done by visual observation of the animals every 10 min for a period of 24 h. There were no differences among the housing systems on body weight, average daily weight gain, starter intake and feed efficiency. Calves raised with no shelter showed increased rectal temperatures at the afternoon. It can be concluded that use of hutches might not be necessary considering that calves spent most of their time outside. Calves raised with no shelter had higher rectal temperatures and respiratory rates and were unable to maintain these variables under physiological conditions. Calves performance was satisfactory in all three housing systems evaluated.

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do 1-MCP, em diferentes tempos de aplicação, sobre amadurecimento e atributos de qualidade da banana 'Maçã'. Utilizou-se um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado (DIC), em esquema fatorial 3x5, ou seja, avaliaram-se as bananas em três diferentes graus de coloração da casca (grau 2: 100% verdes; grau 4: mais amarelas que verdes; grau 7: completamente amarelas, com pontuações marrons) e cinco tempos de aplicação de 50 hL.L-1 de 1-MCP (0-controle; 6; 9; 12 e 24 horas). O experimento foi conduzido com três repetições constituídas por três buquês, com quatro frutos cada. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) e ao teste de Tukey, e regressão polinomial, quando conveniente. O 1-MCP foi aplicado nos frutos no grau 2 de coloração da casca, na concentração de 50hL.L-1, a 25±1ºC. Os frutos, após aplicação, foram armazenados a 25±1ºC e 80±5% UR e avaliados, quanto ao teor de sólidos solúveis (SS) e açúcares solúveis totais (AST), pH e cor da casca, nos graus 2; 4 e 7 de coloração e também a taxa respiratória, que foi acompanhada diariamente. A aplicação de 50nL.L-1 de 1-MCP atrasou o início do amadurecimento de bananas 'Maçã', conforme as primeiras mudanças visíveis na coloração da casca de verde para amarela, em aproximadamente 9 dias. Observou-se também retardo na ascensão e diminuição da taxa respiratória, de aproximadamente 50%, no ponto máximo do climatério, nos frutos submetidos ao 1-MCP, durante o amadurecimento. O 1-MCP a 50hL.L-1, em qualquer tempo de aplicação, retardou o amadurecimento de bananas 'Maçã' sem afetar os atributos de qualidade valor b* (cor da casca), os teores de sólidos solúveis, açúcares solúveis totais e pH.This work aimed to evaluate the effect of 1-MCP, at different of application times, under ripening and quality attributes of 'Apple' banana. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design in factorial 3x5, evaluating the three different degrees of the banana's peel color ( degree 2: completely green; degree 4: more yellow than green; degree 7: completely yellow with brown spots) and five application times of 50 etaL.L-1 of 1-MCP (0-control, 6, 9, 12 and 24 hours), with three replicates consisted by 3 bunches with 4 fruits in each one. The data collected were submitted to variant analysis (ANOVA), to the Tukey test, and, when necessary, to polinomial regression. The 1-MCP was applicated on degree 2 of peel color fruits, at 50etaL.L-1 and 25±1ºC. After application, fruits were stored at 25 ± 1ºC and 80 ± 5% RH and their soluble solid (SS), content and total soluble sugars (TSS), pH and peel color were evaluated in degrees 2, 4 and 7 of peel color, and also the respiration rate that was evaluated daily. The 1-MCP at 50nL.L-1 application delayed the start of the ripening of 'Apple' bananas in approximately 9 days, based on the first visible changes in the peel color of green to yellow. It was also observed the retard in ascension and decrease of the respiration rate in 50 % approximately, in the maximal point climacteric, in fruits submitted to 1-MCP during the ripening. The 1-MCP at 50etaL.L-1, despite the times of application, delayed the ripening of 'apple' bananas and promoted no effect on the value b* variants (peel color), soluble solid content, total soluble sugars and pH.

Caracterizaram-se as respostas fisiológicas de termorregulação em conforto e estresse calórico de bovinos cruzados F2 (½ Gir x ½ Holandês), machos e fêmeas, com idade entre 14 e 20 meses. Os animais foram alocados, em número de cinco, e submetidos ao conforto térmico (22°C a 70% de umidade relativa) por 12 horas e ao estresse calórico (42ºC e 60% de umidade relativa) durante seis horas, logo após o período de conforto, nas estações de verão e inverno, em câmara bioclimática. Nas duas etapas, foram registradas a temperatura retal (TR), a freqüência respiratória (FR) e a temperatura de superfície corporal (TSC) às 6 e 16 horas. Os animais apresentaram aumento da TR, da FR e da TSC no período de estresse calórico (PThe thermoregulation physiological responses in thermoneutrality and heat stress of crossbred calves (½Gir x ½Holstein), males and females, with age between 14 and 20 months were studied. The animals were submitted to thermoneutrality (22°C and 70% of relative humidity) and to heat stress (42ºC and 60% of relative humidity) in summer and winter season's in bioclimatic chamber. Rectal temperature (TR), respiratory rate (FR) and body surface temperature (BST) were registered at 6 AM and 4 PM. It was observed increase in TR, FR and BST in the heat stress period (P0.05) was observed for BST.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of specific doses of the compound 1-methylcyclopropene (1- MCP), after harvest, on the physiological and physicochemical quality of apples Eva during refrigerated storage. After applying thetreatment with different doses of 1-MCP (0, 10, 50, 100 and 500mg L-1), fruit were stored in cold 0.5°C (±0.5) for up to 135 days. The cold storage with the application of 1-MCP resulted in a lower production of ethylene in fruits treated with doses of 10, 50 and 100mg L-1. The control group lost 45% of its firmness, while the treated groups lost on average 27% of their firmness the parameter C fruit color identified with a more intense color to the 135 days of storage and Hue angle showed that when treated with doses of 10 and 50mg L-1, fruit showed more yellow, evidenced best action of 1-MCP at low concentrations. Fruit that have not undergone the treatments showed a higher ratio of soluble solids and acidity, thus demonstrating increased metabolic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the applicability of the Respiratory Rate-Oxygenation Index to identify the risk of high-flow nasal cannula failure in post-extubation pneumonia patients., Methods: This was a 2-year retrospective observational study conducted in a reference hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. All patients in whom post-extubation high-flow nasal cannula therapy was used as a bridge to extubation were included in the study. The Respiratory Rate-Oxygenation Index was calculated to assess the risk of post-extubation high-flow nasal cannula failure., Results: A total of 162 patients were included in the study. Of these, 23.5% developed high-flow nasal cannula failure. The Respiratory Rate-Oxygenation Index was significantly lower in patients who had high-flow nasal cannula failure [median (IQR): 10.0 (7.7 - 14.4) versus 12.6 (10.1 - 15.6); p = 0.006]. Respiratory Rate-Oxygenation Index > 4.88 showed a crude OR of 0.23 (95%CI 0.17 - 0.30) and an adjusted OR of 0.89 (95%CI 0.81 - 0.98) stratified by severity and comorbidity. After logistic regression analysis, the Respiratory Rate-Oxygenation Index had an adjusted OR of 0.90 (95%CI 0.82 - 0.98; p = 0.026). The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve for extubation failure was 0.64 (95%CI 0.53 - 0.75; p = 0.06). The Respiratory Rate-Oxygenation Index did not show differences between patients who survived and those who died during the intensive care unit stay., Conclusion: The Respiratory Rate-Oxygenation Index is an accessible tool to identify patients at risk of failing high-flow nasal cannula post-extubation treatment. Prospective studies are needed to broaden the utility in this scenario.

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal (RBSPA) is the property of Revista Brasileira de Saude e Producao Animal (RBSPA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência Agronômica is the property of Revista Ciencia Agronomica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the present research was to evaluate physiological and microbiological aspects of different minimally processed potatoes cultivars. Potatoes cultivar 'Agata', 'Asterix' and 'Monalisa' were selected, classified, washed and abrasion peeled before being diced, sanitized and centrifuged. They were then placed in hermetically closed flasks and stored at 5, 15 and 25°C. The respiratory activity and ethylene production were determined immediately after the processing and during 10 hours. Microbiological analyses were carried out on the processing day and after one, five and nine days of storage at 25, 15 and 5°C, respectively. Potatoes cv. 'Asterix' showed the highest respiratory rates when compared to potatoes cultivar 'Agata' and 'Monalisa', regardless of the storage temperature. Potatoes cv. 'Agata' and 'Monalisa' behaved similarly to each other at 15 and 25°C. Psychrotrophic bacteria and total coliforms counts for all cultivars were within acceptable limits at 5°C for nine days of storage. The presence of coliforms at 45°C and Salmonella was not detected. Storage at 5°C was effective to control the metabolic activity and to keep food safety of minimally processed potatoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]