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Parasitas estão constantemente presentes no solo, inclusive em praias, e a saúde pública pode ser colocada em risco nestes locais que recebem visitação de pescadores. Pensando nisso, este estudo avaliou a contaminação das praias Jatiúca e Jaraguá do município de Maceió, AL, por larvas de helmintos na areia, para o levantamento dos locais onde possui uma provável presença de geo-helmintoses. Foram coletadas 36 amostras nas praias Jatiúca e Jaraguá que foram incluídas no estudo pela ocorrência de prática pesqueira. Houve a coleta de 12 pontos de cada praia, com três amostras cada: superficial, 10 cm e 20 cm de profundidade em horários alternados em manhã, tarde e noite. A análise ocorreu pelo método Holffmann e Rugai adaptados de fezes para solo. A análise comprovou a contaminação de 34 (94,444%) das 36 amostras, das quais, 68,421% dos parasitas estavam em profundidades de 10 e 20 cm. Ancylostoma spp., Trichuris trichura, e Strongyloides stercoralis podem apresentar riscos à saúde humana e atuar como forma de infecção no ambienta, se mostraram recorrentes em diversos pontos coletados. Apenas um ponto da praia de Jatiúca foi negativo para qualquer geo-helminto nas análises.

Introdução: A proximidade entre o ser humano e os animais de companhia tem vindo a ser cada vez mais frequente. No entanto, esta aproximação torna-se um risco para a infeção por agentes zoonóticos como parasitas intestinais dos cães e gatos. Objetivos: Neste estudo foi avaliada a contaminação de espaços públicos com formas parasitárias intestinais de cães e gatos. Foi também realizada uma entrevista com um questionário a tutores com a finalidade de avaliar a perceção destes quanto às rotinas que pudessem representar risco de infeção humana e hábitos de desparasitação dos animais. Material e Métodos: Foram analisadas 120 amostras de fezes e 55 amostras de solo provenientes de parques e jardins públicos, parques infantis, parques caninos, praias e centros escolares. Utilizou-se para a análise das amostras fecais o método de Willis e o método de sedimentação simples, e para as amostras de solo, o método de Rugai. Também foram realizadas 101 entrevistas aos tutores que passeavam os seus cães. Resultados Foi observada a prevalência de parasitismo em 17,5% de amostras fecais e 67,3% nas amostras de solo. Nas amostras fecais a prevalência foi de 14,2% Toxocara spp., 4,2% ancilostomídeos, 0,8% Dipylidium caninum e 0,8% Cystoisospora spp. Nas amostras de solo a prevalência foi de 54,5% família Taeniidae, 29,1% Toxocara spp., 23,6% ancilostomídeos, 3,6% Dipylidium caninum, 3,6% Cystoisospora spp. e 1,8% Strongyloides spp. Nas entrevistas, 88,1% dos tutores afirmou recolher as fezes dos seus cães, em 54,5% dos cães não se realizava a desparasitação interna com regularidade, 86,1% dos animais tinha acesso aos quartos, camas e sofás dos tutores, 72,3% dos tutores permitiam que os cães lambessem a sua face e 84,2% dos tutores desconhecia o significado da palavra “zoonose”. Conclusões: Foi observada uma elevada prevalência de parasitismo nas fezes e no ambiente com formas parasitárias de elevado risco zoonótico como Toxocara spp., Ancylostoma spp. Dipylidium caninum e Strongyloides spp. O contato próximo dos animais com os tutores revelou ser um risco para infeções parasitárias zoonóticas, devendo ser encorajadas campanhas de sensibilização e educação da população nas vertentes humana, animal e ambiental e adoção de uma abordagem “Uma só Saúde”.

The study aims to discuss which instruments exist and are being used to measure the quality of life of subjects diagnosed with parasitic diseases. This is an integrative review carried out through the PubMed, Embase and VHL databases, using the descriptors "Parasitic Diseases; Quality of Life; Psychometrics; Validation Studies as Topic; Validation Studies; Research; Questionnaire; Surveys and Questionnaires. A total of 1,226 articles were identified, however, after selection, 24 articles were included. 11 instruments were used to assess QoL and, among these, the WHOQOL-bref and SF-36 instruments were the most used. The articles were published between 2011 and 2022 in English. The sample number ranged from 21 to 835 individuals of both genders. The intention of the researchers to develop new specific instruments and/or to evaluate them was evident, even understanding the importance and capacity of the tools that are currently predominant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A demodiciose é uma enfermidade parasitária causada por um ácaro que acomete diversas espécies incluindo os bovinos. A doença geralmente cursa com manifestação clínica cutânea e pode ser diagnosticada com um raspado de pele visualizado à microscopia. Um bovino da raça angus mantido nas instalações do Centro de Biotecnologia em Reprodução Animal (Biotec) foi diagnosticado com demodiciose e tratado com clorexidina a 2% tendo este apresentado melhora clínica após um mês do início do protocolo.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Brazil stands out in the world production of food of animal origin. Among these foods is the fish meat that currently comes from both commercial aquaculture production and extractive fishing. With the increase in fish consumption in Brazil and worldwide, it is important to prevent and control the occurrence of Foodborne Diseases (DTAs). There are several studies relating the presence of bacteria in food outbreaks transmitted by fish, mainly of fish acquired in open markets, however there are few studies regarding parasites in this type of meat, and fish can harbor several parasites. Thus, the objective is to inform parasites that can cause food outbreaks through the consumption of fish both in captivity and in extractive fishing. In Brazil, there is a very shortage of epidemiological data and a consequent lack of diagnosis in both consumer fish and fish-consuming humans. With this, the veterinarian is an important ally as a sanitary agent playing a fundamental role in preventing and helping, in reducing the risks of spreading parasites to humans. It is concluded that the knowledge of zoonotic parasites transmitted by fish is important, both by professionals and by the consumer population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introdução: Atualmente, a alface (Lactuca sativa L.) destaca-se por ser a folhosa mais consumida no Brasil. Em saúde pública, grande parte dos agentes etiológicos de enfermidades entéricas é veiculada por meio de hortaliças, legumes e frutas contaminadas. Objetivo: Verificar a qualidade de alfaces, através da análise microscópica, comparando os resultados dos diferentes tipos de cultivo e da alface minimamente processada. Método: Foram analisadas 84 amostras de alfaces produzidas por três métodos de cultivo (tradicional, orgânico, hidropônico) e alfaces minimamente processadas, comercializadas em municípios das regiões nordeste e metropolitana do estado de São Paulo. Realizou-se primeiramente a pesquisa de matérias estranhas macroscópicas e, para verificar a presença de estruturas parasitárias e outras matérias estranhas microscópicas, foi utilizada a técnica de sedimentação espontânea. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram que as amostras de alfaces dos três tipos de cultivo apresentaram alta ocorrência de matérias estranhas (total de 87,0% de amostras positivas), bem como presença de parasitas (total de 20,0% de amostras positivas). Em relação às alfaces minimamente processadas, a porcentagem de positividade para presença de matérias estranhas e parasitas foi de 58,0%. Conclusões: Os resultados do presente estudo alertam para a importância dos procedimentos de higienização dos diferentes tipos de cultivo de alface previamente ao seu consumo. Em relação às alfaces minimamente processadas, os resultados demonstram que devem ser tomadas ações corretivas no processo de sanitização por parte dos produtores e/ou comerciantes. Quanto às análises laboratoriais, ainda se faz necessário o aprimoramento constante de métodos analíticos que possibilitem melhor detecção de parasitas em alimentos.

O fígado é um órgão de alta exposição a antígenos circulantes, e seu ambiente é povoado por células imunes inatas que prontamente respondem a agentes invasores. Entretanto, uma resposta imune a agentes infecciosos pode desencadear um desequilíbrio nos mecanismos de tolerância, levando a um estado de estresse oxidativo, que favorece ao dano tecidual e pode provocar repercussões sistêmicas. Vale ressaltar que algumas doenças parasitárias como anaplasmose, babesiose, clonorquíase, dirofilariose, erliquiose, histoplasmose e platinossomíase podem provocar desregulação nos mecanismos de oxidação induzindo alterações hepáticas. Neste sentido, esta revisão aborda os mecanismos celulares da resposta imune hepática na homeostase e na progressão de distúrbios hepáticos que estão associados a imunopatogenia de algumas doenças parasitárias que afetam cães e gatos.

Lack of basic sanitation facilitates the spread of parasitic diseases that impact human health, with the sediment being able to house these microorganisms. The present study aims to evaluate the presence of pathogenic parasites to humans in riverbank sediments, addressing the risks of parasitic infections in public health. Eighty samples of sediments from the Paranhana and Caí rivers were evaluated using the HPJ technique. Fifty-three positive samples (66.2%) were obtained with different parasites, Ancylostoma sp., Strongyloides sp., Endolimax nana, Ascaris lumbricoides, Toxocara canis, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Trichiuris trichiura and Taenia sp. Places with greater urbanization presented 60% of positive samples and a greater number of species. Riverbank sediments indicated to be an appropriate means for the maintenance of infectious forms of parasites. Adequate sanitation is necessary in order to minimize environmental contamination as well as the population's health risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Artificial intelligence systems are promising technologies for health care and laboratory diagnosis, which can be implemented as support methods for the diagnosis of intestinal parasitoses. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence software that assists the laboratory diagnosis of intestinal parasitoses with high sensitivity and specificity. Methods: The software was developed using two neural networks, Inception and MobileNet. First, images of eggs from the parasites Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Taenia sp., Hymenolepis nana, Schistosoma mansoni and Strongyloides stercoralis larvae were used to train the database. Then, 2,740 images provided by the Parasitology Laboratory of the Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina were tested in the software. Results: The software had a sensitivity of 82.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 71.9% - 89.1%) and a specificity of 95.1% (95% CI, 94.3% - 97,8%) for MobileNet and a sensitivity of 72.1% (95% CI, 52.6% - 115%) and a specificity of 92.1% (95% CI, 91.7% - 97.7%) for Inception. Conclusion: The software showed promising results in the analysis of intestinal parasites, reinforcing that, in the future, the presence of diagnostic support systems for parasitoses may become faster and more efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Current study evaluates the prevalence of enteroparasites and epidemiological variables associated with parasite infections in handlers of school meals in Cuité PB Brazil. Fecal samples were analyzed by simple centrifugal-sedimentation method and a half-structured questionnaire was applied to handlers of schools meals from two government-run schools in Cuité. The χ² test was employed and variables were investigated by Software Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Further, 78.9% of 57 meal handlers analyzed were infected by enteroparasites/enterocomensals. Endolimax nana was the prevalent species (53.4%). All infected persons were female; 48.9% had low schooling level; 53.3% earned up to one minimum wage and 60% were within the 20-49 years age bracket. Forty percent were bi/polyparasited. In the wake of high prevalence, better sanitary, educational improvements are required, coupled to good handling practices and the periodical EPF tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the aim of studying the endoparasite fauna of horses from the Formiga city, located in center-west region of the state of Minas Gerais, 25 animals that were naturally infected with helminths were evaluated. By means of parasitological necropsies, different endoparasites were found. The subfamily Cyathostominae presented the highest incidence, followed by Trichostrongylus axei, Oxyuris equi, Triodontophorus serratus, Strongyloides westeri, Strongylus edentatus, Habronema muscae, Parascaris equorum, Probstmayria vivipara, Strongylus vulgaris, Gasterophilus nasalis, Anoplocephala magna and Anoplocephala perfoliata. In the present study, if the species Probstmayria vivipara was not considered in the prevalence, the frequency of Cyathostominae was equivalent to 94.85%. The results obtained in this study allowed us to detect and identify different species of helminths in horses, and confirmed the high incidence of nematodes belonging to the subfamily Cyathostominae in the center-west region of Minas Gerais.

Studies on the diversity of oomycetes were carried out from 1998 to 2016, in the states of Bahia, Maranhão and Piauí, and biotrophic holocarpic zoosporic parasites of chitrids, glomeromycetes and oomycetes were identified as Olpidiopsis achlyae, O. aphanomycis, O. fusiformis, O. karlingae, Olpidiopsis sp1 and Olpidiopsis sp2. The occurrence of O. karlingae is a new report for South America, and O. aphanomycis, for Brazil. The taxa found were described, illustrated, and commented. The diversity of terms of the specialized literature for identification of morphological structures of Olpidiopsis was standardized. Are proposed synonyms of O. braziliensis (= Pseudolpidium achlyae) with O. fusiformis and Cornumyces karlingae with O. karlingae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the parasitic load of chicken litter from a poultry farm located in the municipality of Paço do Lumiar - MA. Fifty samples of chicken bed of 10 sheds were collected. This bed had already been used six times in the previous batches. For the parasitological analyzes the methods of Spontaneous Sedimentation, Sheather Method, Sporulation for the diagnosis of coccidia oocysts were used. Eggs of nematodes of the genera Strongyloides (72%), Heterakis (18%) and Ascaridia (10%) were identified. The larvae of the genus Strongyloides were the most prevalent, with a frequency of 97% of cases, followed by geohelminths (3%). There were 1200 Eimeria oocysts, in sporulation stage. Mites and kites were also found (Alphitobius diaperinus). It is concluded that the high frequency of parasites present in chicken litter may be related to management failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica is the property of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Academica Ciencia Animal is the property of Revista Academica Ciencia Animal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Academica Ciencia Animal is the property of Revista Academica Ciencia Animal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this course conclusion work is to do the bibliographic review about the mam diseases and parasites, which affect the captivity of tilapia. The cultivation of this fish species has been growing in Brazil and in other countncs of the world, mainly with intensive production which goal is to optimize the usage of available. In this way. the tilapia is an animal that shows several advantages m comparison with other aquatic organisms, like the facility to fanning, handling, adaptation to different conditions, easy reproduction and high productivity. Those facts highlighted this animal inside national and world fish farming. Nevertheless, as the intensive system has as charactcnstic high densities of animal storage, makes favorable the development of some negative points, which must be observed, such as the streaming of diseases and parasitosis. The aquatic environment, by having a homogeneous characteristic, is favorable for the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms and parasites. It can be disseminated to fishes trough many ways: oral via (consumption of feed and water); skin and branchial via; by vectors and lesions caused by them; by noses and anus, vertical transmission (from mother to son); as well as trough eggs, like VIROSES. Those agents arc responsible for big losses in the tilapia farming, so, its coned identification, monitoring and treatment arc approadicd in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia is the property of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dogs are definite hosts for several zoonotic helminthes and protozoan. Rural areas from the Lobos District in the northeast of Buenos Aires province, Argentina, are mainly used for livestock activity, increasing in this way the number of dogs on farms as well as the human risk of parasitic infections. The aims of this research were to evaluate the endoparasitic infections in dogs from farms in the Lobos District and analyze their zoonotic importance as well as several risk practices and habits of the rural population. Forty-two dog fecal samples obtained in 21 farms were analyzed through coproparasitological methods and coproantigen tests, which resulted in an overall parasite prevalence of 69.05% and 80.95% of the parasitized farms. The most frequent parasites were Trichuris vulpis and Eucoleus aerophila (26.19%), Echinococcus granulosus (19.05%), Uncinaria stenocephala and coccids (14.29%). The analysis of epidemiological files showed several habits of the rural population considered as risk factors associated with the presence of fecal samples parasitized and the presence of E. granulosus on the farms. It is clear that people involved with the farms studied were exposed to several helminthes that could cause serious diseases like cystic echinococcosis, which can become an important public health issue and affect the economy worldwide.Os cães são hospedeiros definitivos de vários helmintos e protozoários zoonóticos. As áreas rurais do distrito de Lobos, no nordeste da província de Buenos Aires, Argentina, destinam-se principalmente à atividade pecuária aumentando desta forma o número de cães em fazendas, bem como o risco humano de infecções parasitárias. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram avaliar as infecções endoparasitas em cães de fazendas do distrito de Lobos e analisar a sua importância zoonótica, bem como as práticas de risco e hábitos da população rural. Quarenta e duas amostras de fezes de cães obtidos em 21 fazendas foram analisadas pelos métodos coproparasitológicos e testes de coproantígenos, resultando numa prevalência de parasitas de 69,05% e 80,95% das propriedades parasitados. Os parasitas mais frequentes foram Trichuris vulpis e Eucoleus aerophila (26,19%), Echinococcus granulosus (19,05%), Uncinaria stenocephala e coccídeos (14,29%). A análise dos arquivos epidemiológicos mostraram vários hábitos da população rural como fatores de risco associados com a presença de amostras fecais parasitadas e a presença de E. granulosus em propriedades rurais. É evidente que as pessoas das fazendas estudadas foram expostas a vários helmintos que podem causar doenças graves como equinococose cística, que constitui importante problema de saúde pública e econômico a nível mundial.

This study investigated the parasites of three commercially important bivalve species (Crassostrea rhizophorae, Mytella guyanensis and Lucina pectinata) from the southern coast of Bahia, Brazil. A total of 540 specimens were collected in August 2009 and February 2010, at three localities. The bivalve specimens were measured on their longest axis, opened, and macroscopically examined for the presence of parasites or signs of disease. They were then fixed in Davidson' solution and subjected to routine histological processing, with paraffin embedding and H&E staining; next, the specimens were examined under a light microscope. No parasites were observed associated with L. pectinata. Rickettsia-like organisms (RLOs), Sphenophrya sp. (Ciliophora), Nematopsis sp. (Apicomplexa), Urastoma sp. (Turbellaria) and Bucephalus sp. (Digenea) were observed in both C. rhizophorae and M. guyanensis, as well as Ancistrocoma sp. (Ciliophora) and Tylocephalum sp. (Cestoda) in the former. A high prevalence of Nematopsis sp. was seen, but caused no apparent damage to the host. Bucephalus sp. caused the destruction of tissues, with castration, but showed low prevalence. The other parasites occurred in low prevalence and intensity, without causing significant damage.Neste estudo foram investigados os parasitos de três espécies de bivalves de interesse econômico (Crassostrea rhizophorae, Mytella guyanensis e Lucina pectinata) da Bahia. Foram analisados 540 exemplares, obtidos em duas coletas (agosto-2009 e fevereiro-2010), em três localidades. Os bivalves foram medidos quanto ao seu maior eixo, abertos e examinados macroscopicamente quanto à presença de parasitos ou sinais de enfermidades. Depois disso, foram fixados em solução de Davidson e processados por rotina de histologia, com inclusão em parafina e coloração com H&E. O material foi examinado ao microscópio de luz. Nenhum parasito esteve associado a L. pectinata. Bactérias do tipo RLOs (organismos assemelhados a Rickettsia), Sphenophrya sp. (Ciliophora), Nematopsis sp. (Apicomplexa), Urastoma sp. (Turbellaria) e Bucephalus sp. (Digenea) foram observados tanto em C. rhizophorae quanto em M. guyanensis, sendo que a primeira apresentou ainda Ancistrocoma sp. (Ciliophora) e Tylocephalum sp. (Cestoda). Nematopsis sp. ocorreu em alta prevalência, porém, aparentemente, não causou danos aos bivalves. Bucephalus sp. causou destruição de tecidos, com castração, mas foi pouco prevalente. Os demais parasitos ocorreram em baixa prevalência e intensidade de infecção e sem causar danos.

This study aimed to know the perception of Gir cattle breeders and farm employees about parasitic otitis and practices regarding methods of treatment and control. A questionnaire was applied on specific topics about the disease. The results showed that the otitis occurred in 25 (89.3%) of the 28 farms studied, where the main etiologic agents were the nematodes Rhabditis spp. The majority of the farmers regarded the disease as a serious problem, mainly in cattle older than eight years of age. About half of the respondents did not observe a correlation between season and prevalence of the otitis; however, 30.8% reported an increase of its incidence during the rainy season. In addition to various methods and products for the rhabditiosis treatment, a lack of standardized preventive or curative protocols was found, suggesting insufficient knowledge about control of the disease.

Data on in vitro evaluation of extracts of three species of the Asteraceae family on the development of Trichostrongylidae eggs in sheep are presented. Egg hatchability was tested using herbal extracts prepared in a Soxhlet extractor, and using hydrolate prepared by means of hydrodistillation. The laboratory tests showed that the ethanol extract from flowers of the species Aster lanceolatus presented high activity against Trichostrongylidae eggs development in sheep, inhibiting larva formation by 91% within 48 hours, and maintaining similar rates after 72 hours.Apresentam-se dados da avaliação in vitro de três espécies vegetais da família Asteraceae sobre o desenvolvimento dos ovos de Trichostrongilídeos de ovinos. Realizou-se o teste de eclodibilidade com extratos vegetais preparados por aparelho de Soxhlet e hidrolato preparado por hidrodestilação. Os testes laboratoriais evidenciaram que o extrato etanólico das flores da espécie Aster lanceolatus apresenta alta atividade sobre o desenvolvimento dos ovos de Trichostrongilídeos de ovinos, inibindo em 91% a formação da larva em 48 horas, mantendo-se índices próximos em 72 horas.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the contamination of infecting larvae of parasitic nematodes in cattle on Cynodon sp. pasture. The research was conducted in a milkproduction system situated in the town of Boa Esperança, in the southern region of Minas Gerais state, during the fall-winter seasons 2008. The samples of the grass were collected in ten points inserted into an outline in “W”, previously designed, in the period of morning between at 7:30 and 8:30, observing the presence of dew in all the collections performed. The samples were CUT close to the soil and separated in half, which constituted an upper and lower sample of each collecting point, their being afterwards placed into plastic bag, identified and carried to a plastic foam box . The samples were processed singly. The infecting larvae (L3) were identified and the amount per kilogram of dry matter in forage was estimated (L3/kg DM). The climatic conditions such as temperature, air relative humidity and rainfall enabled the development of the free life stages throughout the period. Even at low rainfall rates during the months of May to August, the counts of the amount of larvae in the pastures were high. Under the conditions of the dry period (Fall/Winter), the L3 forms of Cooperia sp. presented an expressive predominance in relation to the other genera throughout the period. The greatest amount of infecting larvae of this species was found in the months of July and August in the upper pasture, while for the samples of the lower part were found peaks in the months of June and August. The large number of genera of pathogenic helminths to animals in this study along the drier seasons of the year, especially in the upper pasture, demonstrates the importance of these agents as cause of losses in milk production in Minas Gerais state.

Entre os métodos de controle da verminose gastrintestinal em ovinos, a utilização de produtos químicos é o mais empregado. Porém, o uso indiscriminado e continuado desses produtos tem selecionado populações de helmintos resistentes aos anti-helmínticos, fenômeno relatado no mundo todo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar as espécies de parasitos gastrintestinais e diagnosticar a situação da resistência anti-helmíntica em ovinos no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Foram realizados testes de redução na contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) em rebanhos de dezesseis propriedades rurais; as sete formulações utilizadas continham as seguintes bases farmacológicas: Albendazol, Ivermectina, Levamisole, Triclorfon, Moxidectina, Closantel e uma contendo as três primeiras associadas. As espécies identificadas nas necropsias, em ovinos adultos, foram: Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Cooperia curticei, C. punctata, C. pectinata e Oesophagostomum columbianum; em ordem de prevalência. As formulações contendo Albendazol e Ivermectina não apresentaram eficácia na redução de OPG nos rebanhos testados, com médias de redução de 0,7 e -19,6%, respectivamente. Closantel apresentou eficácia média de 6,7%; Levamisole, Moxidectina e Triclorfon de 28,7, 26,8 e 65%, respectivamente; a associação das três bases (Albendazol, Ivermectina e Levamisole), uma média de eficácia de 55,8%. As percentagens médias de larvas infectantes recuperadas nas coproculturas, tanto no pré como no pós-tratamento, foram semelhantes; indicando que a resistência às bases testadas está presente em todas as espécies citadas, em maior ou menor intensidade. Os dois gêneros predominantemente resistentes são Haemonchus sp., com 86,9%; seguido por Trichostrongylus sp., com média de 47,5%; Strongyloides sp. 33,6%; Oesophagostomum, sp. 21,4% e Cooperia sp. 19,7%.Among the methods of control of gastrointestinal worms in sheep, the use of chemicals is the most common. However, the continued, and indiscriminate, use of these products has selected populations of resistant helminths to anthelmintics, a phenomenon reported in the whole world. This study aimed to identify the species of gastrointestinal parasites and diagnose the status of anthelmintic resistance in sheep in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil. Feacal egg count reduction tests (FECRT) were performed in flocks of sixteen farms, and the seven formulations used contained the following pharmacological bases: Albendazole, Ivermectin, Levamizol, Trichlorfon, Moxidectin, Closantel and one containing the first three in association. The species identified at necropsy, in adult sheep, were: Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Cooperia curticei, C. punctata, C. pectinata and Oesophagostomum columbianum, in order of prevalence. The formulations containing Albendazole and Ivermectin did not show efficacy in reducing the EPG in the flocks tested, with average reductions of 0.7 and -19.6%, respectively. Closantel presented an average efficacy of 6.7%; Levamisolee, Moxidectin and Trichlorfon, 28.7, 26.8 and 65% respectively, the combination of three bases (Albendazole, Ivermectin and Levamizol), an average efficacy of 55.8 %. The average percentages of infective larvae recovered in the faecal cultures, pre and post treatment were similar, indicating that resistance to the bases tested is present in all species cited, to a greater or lesser degree. The two genera predominantly resistant are Haemonchus sp., with 86.9%, followed by Trichostrongylus sp., with an average of 47.5%, Strongyloides sp. 33.6%, Oesophagostomum sp. 21.4% and Cooperia sp. 19.7%.

Os ciclídeos, peixes economicamente importantes na região, foram coletados no médio rio Negro (Cichla orinocensis, C. monoculus e C. temensis) e na iIlha da Marchantaria (C. monoculus), no Amazonas e em três açudes do Piauí (C. kelberi). Para verificar a ocorrência de parasitas as brânquias, narinas e intestino foram removidos e observados em microscópio esteroscópio, a boca a olho nu. Os parasitas encontrados foram retirados e armazenados em álcool 70% para posterior identificação. Dos 96 espécimes analisados provenientes do rio Negro 51 (52%) estavam parasitadas; dos 34 da ilha da Marchantaria 16 (47%) e dos 50 dos açudes do Piauí, apenas dois (4%). Nos peixes coletados no Amazonas, as brânquias estavam parasitadas por Ergailus coatiarus, Argulus amazonicus, Acusicola tucunarense e a boca por Braga cichlae, enquanto que os peixes do Piauí não apresentaram parasitas branquiais, mas registrou-se a ocorrência do nematóide Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, parasita intestinal.The cichlids, economically important fish specie in the region, were collected along the Negro River (Cichla orinocensis, C. monoculus e C. temensis) and in the Marchantaria Island (C. monoculus) Amazon State and in three reservoirs localized in the Piauí State. In order to verify the occurrence of parasites, gills, nostrils and the intestine were removed and observed by stereomicroscope and the mouth by naked eyes. The observed parasites were isolated and conserved in 70% ethanol for posterior identification. From 96 specimens collected in Negro River, 51 specimens (52%) were parasitized. In the Marchantaria Island from 34 specimens collected, 16 (47%) showed the presence of parasites, and from 50 specimens collected in the reservoirs only 2 (4%) were parasitized. In fishes collected in the Amazon State, the grill was parasitized by Ergailus coatiarus, Argulus amazonicus, Acusicola tucunarense and the mouth by Braga cichlae, whereas the species collected in the Piauí State did not show the presence of parasites in the grill, but the occurrence of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus an intestinal nematode parasite.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi correlacionar os dados climáticos e parasitários através de exames laboratoriais e da pastagem. O experimento foi realizado no período de março a junho de 2004, utilizando 110 bezerros com idade média de cinco meses, em pastos com diferentes relevos. Foi avaliado o número de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG), a coprocultura e o número de larvas na pastagem em intervalos de 15 dias, e dados climáticos deciduais. A coprocultura revelou a presença de 60% de parasitas do gênero Trichostrongylus spp. e 40% de Cooperia spp. assim como Moniezia spp. e oocistos de Eimeria spp. A temperatura permitiu a sobrevivência e o desenvolvimento das larvas infectantes na pastagem durante o experimento. O aumento do número de larvas na pastagem está associado ao acréscimo da precipitação após um período de seca. O relevo com maior número de larvas apresentou maior concentração de massa seca de capim arroz (Echinochloa spp.). Pode-se comprovar que em condições climáticas ideais ocorreu uma rápida contaminação da pastagem com larvas infectantes quando animais naturalmente infectados foram transferidos para a área após colheita de milho.The objective of this work was to correlate climatic and parasitological data from laboratory and field samples. The experiment was executed from March to June of 2004, using 110 naturally infected five months old calves. The counting of eggs per gram of feces (EPG), fecal culture and the number of larva on pasture was evaluated every 15 days in relation to decidual climatic data. The EPG increased during the study. The same observation occurred with the pluviometric level. Coproculture revealed the presence of 60% of Trichostrongylus spp. and 40% of Cooperia spp. as well as Moniezia spp. and Eimeria spp. oocists. The temperature during all the experimental periods was favorable to infecting larvae survival and development on pasture. The area with higher larvae count had the higher dry matter of "capim arroz" (Echinochloa spp.). It can be concluded that in optimal climatic conditions, there is a rapid pasture contamination with infecting larvae after the naturally contaminated animals are transferred to the area after corn harvest.

Myxosporea parasitize many organs in fresh and saltwater fish. Species of the genus Myxobolus parasitizing the gills and other organs of the tambaqui Colossoma macropomum have been described. In the present study, blood smears were made from juvenile tambaqui and were stained with May Grunwald-Giemsa-Wright in order to identify myxozoan parasites. Out of a total of 36 fish examined, one specimen (2.7%) that was reared in a cage presented spores that were identified as M. colossomatis, whereas fish kept in 250 L tanks showed prevalence of 5.5%. This is the first report of M. colossomatis in the blood of farmed tambaqui in the Amazon region. These results indicate that myxozoan parasites should also be investigated in fish blood smears. Some myxosporean species may cause diseases in fish, and these species need to be identified so that adequate preventive sanitary control can be instituted.Mixosporídeos parasitam diversos órgãos de peixes de água doce e salgada, tendo sido descrita espécie do gênero Myxobolus parasitando brânquias e outros órgãos de tambaqui Colossoma macropomum. No presente trabalho, extensões sanguíneas de juvenis de tambaquis foram confeccionadas e coradas com May Grunwald-Giemsa-Wright para identificação de parasitos myxozoários. Do total de 36 peixes examinados, um espécime (2,7%) cultivado em tanque-rede apresentou esporos identificados como M. colossomatis, enquanto os peixes mantidos em tanques com 250 L apresentaram prevalência de 5,5%. Esse é o primeiro registro de M. colossomatis no sangue de tambaqui cultivado na Amazônia. Esses resultados indicam que parasitos Myxozoa devem ser também investigados em extensões sanguíneas. Algumas espécies de mixosporídeos podem causar doença em peixes, sendo necessária a identificação da espécie para um adequado manejo sanitário preventivo.

A investigação da contaminação do solo por enteroparasitos já foi efetuada em várias regiões do Brasil, principalmente em locais que podem apresentar riscos à saúde humana, como creches e praças públicas. No presente trabalho é relatada, a contaminação do solo por ovos de Toxocaraspp., Ascaris spp, tricostrongilídeos e oocistos de protozoários em uma comunidade rural localizada no Pantanal Matogrossense. Os resultados do presente estudo ressaltam o risco a que podem estar expostos os moradores de comunidades com condições precárias de habitação e saneamento com relação à infecção por parasitas.

This paper reports the first case of coenurosis in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. This disease is caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Taenia multiceps (Leske, 1780). The animal in which the disease was diagnosed was an 18-month-old ewe from an endemic area of Southern Brazil as an imported animal among a group of 30 sheep. The clinic-pathological condition was that commonly found in herbivores affected by the disease, especially sheep. Apathy, nystagmus, intermittent blindness, circling and pressing head against obstacles were the neurological signs reported. The necropsy showed that a brain lesion in the subcortex of the right hemisphere was a bladder-like cyst measuring 4 cm in diameter filled with a translucent fluid with a large number of white spherules (protoscolices) floating. In addition to the identification of the Coenurus cerebralis protoscolices, the brain tissue lesion was histopathologically described.Este trabalho relata o primeiro caso de cenurose no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Essa doença é causada por estágios larvais de Taenia multiceps (Leske, 1780). O animal no qual foi diagnosticado, tinha cerca de 18 meses de idade, oriundo de uma área endêmica no Sul do Brasil, integrante de um grupo de 30 ovinos importados para o Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. O quadro clínico-patológico apresentado é aquele comumente descrito para herbívoros, infectados com o agente, especialmente ovinos. Os sinais clínicos relatados foram: apatia, nistagmo, cegueira intermitente, andar em círculos e pressão da cabeça contra obstáculos. Na necropsia foi observada uma lesão, no subcórtex do hemisfério cerebral direito, caracterizada por um cisto em forma de vesícula, medindo 4 cm de diâmetro, e seu interior preenchido por líquido translúcido com grande número de pequenas esferas brancas, identificadas como protoscolices. Os protoscolices foram identificados como Coenurus cerebralis, e os tecidos do cérebro submetidos complementarmente a exames histopatológicos para descrição da lesão.

Entre 1970 e 1997, de 3.927 cães e 435 gatos necropsiados, nove cães (0,23%) e seis gatos (1,38%) apresentaram capilariose hepática. Um gato e dois cães apresentaram sinais clínicos relacionados ao parasitismo, nos demais animais, a parasitose foi considerada um achado incidental de necropsia. A prevalência maior em gatos foi atribuída ao comportamento social e hábitos alimentares da espécie. Dados relativos a sexo, idade, raça, procedência, sinais clínicos, lesões macro e microscópicas dos animais afetados são apresentados e discutidos.Out of 3,927 dogs and 435 cats necropsied from 1970 to 1997, nine dogs (0.23%) and six cats (1.38%) had hepatic capilariosis. One cal and one dog presented clinical signs related to the parasitism; in ali the other affected animals the parasitism was considered an incidental necropsy fmding. The higher prevalence in cats was attributed to the social behavior and alimentary habits of the species. Data on sex, age, breed, origin, clinical signs, gross and histopathological findings of the affected animais are presented and discussed.

The addition of probiotics in diets aims to act as a growth promoter of intestinal flora species that make use of it. The nursery phase in cages uses high density of fish that can lead to more frequent instances of stress that can leverage the most serious problems in production. The probiotics appears as an alternative to minimize or prevent damage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of probiotic Bacillus cereus var. Toyoi and Bacillus subtilis C-3201 in the parasitic prevalence and verify the health status through the biochemical profile of glucose and cortisol and Fulton condition factor (Kf) to act as a quantitative indicator of welfare of Nile tilapia GIFT strains created in cages system profile. A total of 1800 juveniles of Nile tilapia were distributed in 20 cages of 4.0 mm and 0.5 m x 0,5 m x 0,7 m individually installed in tanks with low water renewal. The fish without the addition of probiotics (T1) received just the basal diet feed with vegetable oil added in the same proportions used in all experimental groups. The basal feed was added at levels of 0.5 % of B. cereus var. (T2), 0.5 % of B. subtilis (T3), 0.25 % of B. cereus + 0.25 % of B. subtilis (T4). The diets with addition of B. cereus and/or B. subtilis were not effective in controlling the parasitic infestation by monogenean and tricodinids. There was a greater (p<0.001) incidence of Gyrodactylus spp. (71 %) in the gills compared to prevalence of parasites on the skin or fins, while Apiosoma sp. infestation was greater (p<0.001) in the skin of juveniles. The prevalence of Epistylis sp., Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Ambiphrya spp. did not present significant difference between the assessed organs. The level of blood glucose was higher (p<0.05) in tilapias fed a diet free of additives. The dietary probiotic B. cereus and/or B. subtilis not positively contribute to the reduction the prevalence of ectoparasites on fish mucus. Regardless of the diet, the Nile tilapia skin is the most affected organ by parasitic infestation by Trichodina sp., while the gills have a higher prevalence of Monogenea. The health status of juvenile Nile tilapia monitored through biochemical profile of glucose and cortisol, and Fulton condition factor (Kf) is not influenced by the dietary addition of probiotic Bacillus spp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

No período de 1978 a 1996, de um total de 3.259 cães necropsiados, 16 (0,49%) apresentaram parasitismo por Dioctophyma renale. Desses, 12 (75%) eram cães de rua. Em 13 cães (81, 2%), um ou vários parasitas localizavam-se no rim direito. Em 3 casos (18,7%), o parasita foi observado na cavidade abdominal. Nos casos de parasitismo renal, observou-se acentuada atrofia do parênquima, transformando o rim numa bolsa fibrosa contendo o parasita em meio a exsudato necro-hemorrágico semilíquido. Foi observada hipertrofia renal compensatória contralateral em 5 casos. O ciclo evolutivo de D. renale é complexo e incompletamente entendido. Envolve um hospedeiro intermediário e hospedeiros paratênicos. A alta ocorrência da doença em cães de rua sugere que a infecção seja relacionada aos hábitos alimentares pouco seletivos desses animais.From 1978 to 1996, out of a total of 3,259 dogs necropsied, sixteen (0.49%) were parasitized by Dioctophyma renale. Twelve of those (75%) were stray dogs. Thirteen dogs (81.2%) presented one or more specimens of D. renale in the right kidney. In three dogs (18.7%), the parasite was observed in the abdominal cavity. In those cases of renal parasitism, there was marked atrophy of the kidney which became a fibrous-walled bag within which the parasite was found imersed in a semiliquid necro-hemorrhagic exudate. In five cases, compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney was observed. The life cycle of D. renale is complex and not fully understood. It envolves intermediate and parathenic hosts. The high incidence of the disease in stray dog suggests that the infection is related to the poor selective feeding habits of this kind of dog.

O trabalho foi realizado no Laboratório de Ictiopatologia do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria e no CEPTA, Município de Pirassununga, SP. Foram necropsiados 90 pacus que estavam em viveiros de criação da Estação de Piscicultura do CEPTA, com a finalidade de identificar os nematódeos presentes no tubo intestinal e observar a prevalência destes nos peixes. Foram coletados em três épocas do ano: verão, outono e primavera. Os nematódeos foram identificados como sendo todos pertencentes a mesma espécie Rondonia rondoni. Dos 90 pacus necropsiados, 64 encontravam-se infestados, obtendo uma prevalência de 71%. Dos peixes parasitados foi observado uma intensidade média de 3304 nematódeos. Com relação à época de colela foi observada diferença significativa (P < 0,05) quanto à prevalência entre os meses quentes (janeiro/outubro-novembro), comparado com o mês de maio, com menor temperatura da água. Com relação ao peso do hospedeiro, ocorreu um aumento da revalência até chegar a 100% a partir de pacus de 7 87 g. Em relação ao comprimento total do hospedeiro, existe diferença significativa (P < 0,05) de peixes menores de 20cm e maiores de 35cm, com relação a peixes entre 20 e 30cm.This study was done at lhe Agricultura! Centre for Training and Research in the municipality of Pirassununga, São Paulo. Ninety pacus from nursuries of the CEPTA fish station were sacrificed to identify the nematodes present m the intestinal tract and determine the prevalence of these nematodes in the fish. Samples were coilected during three seasons ofthe year (summer, autumn andspring). AU the parasites coilected were identifiedas eingpart ofthe same species Ronodonia rondoni. From a total of90fishes, 64 were infected representing a prevalence of 71%. The infected fishes had an average intensity of 3304 nematodes/fish. A significant difference (P < 0.05) relative to the prevalence was observed during the hotter months (January, October/November) as compared to the month off viay when the v/ater temperature was very low. In relation to the hostes weight the prevalence increased with weight until it reached 100% infishs with more than 787 g. With respect to the total lenght ofthe host there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between fishes with less than 20cm and with more than 35cm and those with body length between 20 and 30cm.

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