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The advances in technology has contributed in many areas in cartography, providing the appearance of Geography Information Systems (GIS's) that are powerful tools to organize, manage and process huge data values obtained by Mapping Mobile Systems (MMS). This work is focused on the management of these data and georeferencing of desired objects found on roads. Trees, lamppost, garbage can, bus stops are examples of objects, that can be described, and their position coordinates can be represented in a map, being of a great value for localization and measuring of these objects.

Mobile mapping systems (MMS) provide a sequence of image pairs that allow the measurement and analysis of photogrammetric point and features for topographic mapping purposes and also for a visual evaluation of some specific conditions of the roads. A project of MMS generates a large number of images that are stored in magnetic tapes (DVCAM) at 30 fps (frames per second) in the camera and then downloaded to a computer hard disk. Even selecting only one image per second, the number of images related to the traveled roads is still expressive. A georeferenced road image pair database was built in order to store and manage image data obtained by the MMS. A module of photogrammetric intersection was added to the database in order to measure the image pairs and to compute the spatial coordinates of the selected points of the roads and their vicinities. The results obtained from different methods of intersection are presented and discussed including an urban road map at scale 1:2000. As expected, the rigorous model of the collinearity equations provided the best results after using the estimates of the photogrammetric intersection by parameter grouping as approximate values for the three cartesian coordinates of the object points.

Mobile mapping systems integrate sensors and methods to deliver an accurate spatial position of details on or near the topographic surface. This means an expensive hardware configuration where digital cameras, GPS (Global Positioning System) receivers, Inertial Navigation System platforms, wheel sensors, gyroscopes, laser rangers and others are linked together to produce georeferenced images and spatial coordinates of attributes. A sequence of terrestrial images is formed by consecutive digital images taken from bases that are moved forward along the main axis of a road. This happened after a pair of video cameras was mounted on the top of a vehicle to take frontal images of a street. Sensor orientation was provided directly by means of the GPS (positioning of the perspective centers) and phototriangulation (attitude). This article presents the concept and the major issues related to the mobile mapping technology. It also presents and discusses the first results produced by the application of a moving prototype, currently under development, in a 1:2000 street map project. Statistic tests show that the map accuracy succeeded and the standard error is 1.0 mm in map scale.

The advances in technology has contributed in many areas in cartography, providing the appearance of Geography Information Systems (GIS's) that are powerful tools to organize, manage and process huge data values obtained by Mapping Mobile Systems (MMS). This work is focused on the management of these data and georeferencing of desired objects found on roads. Trees, lamppost, garbage can, bus stops are examples of objects, that can be described, and their position coordinates can be represented in a map, being of a great value for localization and measuring of these objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]