1. DEVELOPMENT OF LASER INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY OF ONE \'CRUZEIRO\' FROM 1945 AND THOUSAND \'RE¶IS\' FROM 1939 FOR APPLICATIONS ON CULTURAL HERITAGE ANALYSIS: STUDY OF COINS
- Author
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Marcello Magri Amaral, Luiz Vicente Gomes Tarelho, Nicolau Andre Silveira Rodrigues, and Ricardo Elgul Samad
- Subjects
breakdown ,cultural objects ,aluminium ,laser spectroscopy ,laser-produced plasma ,neutron activation analysis - Abstract
Neste trabalho foi desenvolvida a t¶ecnica de Espectroscopia de Plasma Induzido por Laser aplicada µa an¶alise de patrim^onio hist¶orico atrav¶es do estudo das moedas de Um Cruzeiro de 1945 e Mil R¶eis de 1939, utilizando um laser de Nd:YAG operando em modo de chaveamento Q. Foram determinadas as melhores condi»c~oes de energia do pulso laser e tempos de atraso entre o pulso e a aquisi»c~ao dos espectros e de integra»c~ao do sinal espectrosc¶opico para aplica»c~ao da t¶ecnica em patrim^onio hist¶orico. Para garantir a reprodutibilidade da t¶ecnica, a temperatura de excita»c~ao eletr^onica, a temperatura de ioniza»c~ao e a densidade eletr^onica do plasma foram determinadas. O dano causado µas moedas foi avaliado utilizando a t¶ecnica de Tomogra¯a por Coer^encia ¶ Optica. Utilizando o m¶etodo livre de calibra»c~ao, as concentra»c~oes elementares foram determinadas, por¶em a concentra»c~ao determinada para o Alum¶³nio, presente no material de forja, estava abaixo de seu valor nominal e do valor determinado atrav¶es da t¶ecnica de An¶alise por Ativa»c~ao Neutr^onica. Uma investiga»c~ao da fra»c~ao de ioniza»c~ao revelou que a fra»c~ao de ioniza»c~ao presente no plasma estava acima do valor esperado por ioniza»c~ao t¶ermica para as temperaturas atingidas, indicando a presen»ca de processos de ioniza»c~ao n~ao t¶ermicos, que in°uenciavam nas medidas do Alum¶³nio. Foi realizada uma corre»c~ao na concentra»c~ao do elemento, utilizando a fra»c~ao de ioniza»c~ao devido aos processos de ioniza»c~ao n~ao t¶ermicos, e os novos valores de concentra»c~ao determinados obtiveram uma grande concord^ancia com os valores nominal e determinados por An¶alise por Ativa»c~ao Neutr^onica. ii In this work, the technique of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy was developed for application in cultural heritage analysis in order to study coins of one \\Cruzeiro\" from 1945 and a thousand \\R¶eis\" from 1939, using a Nd:YAG laser operating in Q-switched mode. It had been determined the best conditions of laser and detection features such as pulse energy, delay time between the pulse and the acquisition of spectra and integration time of the spectroscopic signal for the technique applied to cultural heritage. The electronic excitation temperature, the ionization temperature and the electronic density of the plasma had been determined in order to assure the technique reproductivity. The actual damage to the coins was evaluated using the technique of Optical Coherence Tomography. Using the calibration free method, elemental composition had been determined, however the concentration for Aluminum, forge material element , was below of its nominal value and the Neutron Activation Analysis value. An investigation of the ionization fraction disclosed that the ionization fraction of present ionization in the plasma was above of the expected value for thermal ionization at measured temperatures, indicating the presence of non thermal ionization processes, in°uencing the values for Aluminum concentration. A correction in the ionic concentration of the element was performed using the ionization fraction for non thermal processes and the new concentration values had an agreement with the nominal values and the ones determined by Neutron Activation Analysis. i
- Published
- 2008