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Abstract Background and objectives Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has demonstrated the preconditioning effect and shown protective effects against organize injury. In this study, using A549 (human alveolar epithelial cell) cell lines, we investigated whether DEX preconditioning protected against acute lung injury (ALI) in vitro. Methods A549 were randomly divided into four groups (n = 5): control group, DEX group, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) group, and D-LPS (DEX + LPS) group. Phosphate buffer saline (PBS) or DEX were administered. After 2 h preconditioning, the medium was refreshed and the cells were challenged with LPS for 24 h on the LPS and D-LPS group. Then the malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 and the cytochrome c in the A549 were tested. The apoptosis was also evaluated in the cells. Results Compare with LPS group, DEX preconditioning reduced the apoptosis (26.43% ± 1.05% vs. 33.58% ± 1.16%, p < 0.05) in the A549, which is correlated with decreased MDA (12.84 ± 1.05 vs. 19.16 ± 1.89 nmoL.mg-1 protein, p < 0.05) and increased SOD activity (30.28 ± 2.38 vs. 20.86 ± 2.19 U.mg-1 protein, p < 0.05). DEX preconditioning also increased the Bcl-2 level (0.53 ± 0.03 vs. 0.32 ± 0.04, p < 0.05) and decreased the level of Bax (0.49 ± 0.04 vs. 0.65 ± 0.04, p < 0.05), caspase-3 (0.54 ± 0.04 vs. 0.76 ± 0.04, p < 0.05) and cytochrome c. Conclusion DEX preconditioning has a protective effect against ALI in vitro. The potential mechanisms involved are the inhibition of cell death and improvement of antioxidation.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos Dexmedetomidina (DEX) demonstrou ter efeito pré‐condicionante e também efeitos protetores contra lesão organizada. Neste estudo, com células A549 (células epiteliais alveolares humanas), investigamos se o pré‐condicionamento com DEX proporcionaria proteção contra lesão pulmonar aguda (LPA) in vitro . Métodos Células A549 foram aleatoriamente distribuídas em quatro grupos (n = 5): controle, DEX, lipopolissacarídeos (LPS) e D‐LPS (DEX + LPS). Administramos solução de PBS (tampão fosfato‐alcalino) ou DEX. Após 2 h de pré‐condicionamento, o meio foi renovado e as células desafiadas com LPS por 24 h nos grupos LPS e D‐LPS. Em seguida, malondialdeído (MDA), superóxido dismutase (SOD), Bcl‐2, Bax, caspase‐3 e em A549 foram testados. Apoptose também foi avaliada nas células. Resultados Em comparação com o grupo LPS, o pré‐condicionamento com DEX reduziu a apoptose (26,43% ± 1,05% vs . 33,58% ± 1,16%, p < 0,05) em células A549, o que está correlacionado com a diminuição de MDA (12,84 ± 1,05 vs . 19,16 ± 1,89 nmol.mg −1 de proteína, p < 0,05) e aumento da atividade de SOD (30,28 ± 2,38 vs . 20,86 ± 2,19 U.mg −1 de proteína, p < 0,05). O pré‐condicionamento com DEX também aumentou o nível de Bcl‐2 (0,53 ± 0,03 vs . 0,32 ± 0,04, p < 0,05) e diminuiu o nível de Bax (0,49 ± 0,04 vs . 0,65 ± 0,04, p < 0,05), caspase‐3 (0,54 ± 0,04 vs . 0,76 ± 0,04, p < 0,05) e citocromo c. Conclusão O pré‐condicionamento com DEX tem efeito protetor contra LPA in vitro . Os potenciais mecanismos envolvidos são inibição da morte celular e melhoria da antioxidação. Background and objectives Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has demonstrated the preconditioning effect and shown protective effects against organize injury. In this study, using A549 (human alveolar epithelial cell) cell lines, we investigated whether DEX preconditioning protected against acute lung injury (ALI) in vitro. Methods A549 were randomly divided into four groups ( n = 5): control group, DEX group, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) group, and D‐LPS (DEX + LPS) group. Phosphate buffer saline (PBS) or DEX were administered. After 2 h preconditioning, the medium was refreshed and the cells were challenged with LPS for 24 h on the LPS and D‐LPS group. Then the malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Bcl‐2, Bax, caspase‐3 and the cytochrome c in the A549 were tested. The apoptosis was also evaluated in the cells. Results Compare with LPS group, DEX preconditioning reduced the apoptosis (26.43% ± 1.05% vs. 33.58% ± 1.16%, p < 0.05) in the A549, which is correlated with decreased MDA (12.84 ± 1.05 vs. 19.16 ± 1.89 nmol.mg −1 protein, p < 0.05) and increased SOD activity (30.28 ± 2.38 vs. 20.86 ± 2.19 U.mg −1 protein, p < 0.05). DEX preconditioning also increased the Bcl‐2 level (0.53 ± 0.03 vs. 0.32 ± 0.04, p < 0.05) and decreased the level of Bax (0.49 ± 0.04 vs. 0.65 ± 0.04, p < 0.05), caspase‐3 (0.54 ± 0.04 vs. 0.76 ± 0.04, p < 0.05) and cytochrome c. Conclusion DEX preconditioning has a protective effect against ALI in vitro. The potential mechanisms involved are the inhibition of cell death and improvement of antioxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has demonstrated the preconditioning effect and shown protective effects against organize injury. In this study, using A549 (human alveolar epithelial cell) cell lines, we investigated whether DEX preconditioning protected against acute lung injury (ALI) in vitro., Methods: A549 were randomly divided into four groups (n=5): control group, DEX group, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) group, and D-LPS (DEX+LPS) group. Phosphate buffer saline (PBS) or DEX were administered. After 2h preconditioning, the medium was refreshed and the cells were challenged with LPS for 24h on the LPS and D-LPS group. Then the malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 and the cytochrome c in the A549 were tested. The apoptosis was also evaluated in the cells., Results: Compare with LPS group, DEX preconditioning reduced the apoptosis (26.43%±1.05% vs. 33.58%±1.16%, p<0.05) in the A549, which is correlated with decreased MDA (12.84±1.05 vs. 19.16±1.89nmol.mg -1 protein, p<0.05) and increased SOD activity (30.28±2.38 vs. 20.86±2.19U.mg -1 protein, p<0.05). DEX preconditioning also increased the Bcl-2 level (0.53±0.03 vs. 0.32±0.04, p<0.05) and decreased the level of Bax (0.49±0.04 vs. 0.65±0.04, p<0.05), caspase-3 (0.54±0.04 vs. 0.76±0.04, p<0.05) and cytochrome c., Conclusion: DEX preconditioning has a protective effect against ALI in vitro. The potential mechanisms involved are the inhibition of cell death and improvement of antioxidation., (Copyright © 2017 Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia. Publicado por Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.)