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Background: Homelessness is a global challenge affecting both high-income and lower-income countries. While survival is a priority, when assessing rehousing programs, thriving should be a goal. There is, however, a lack of clarity around the concept of thriving in existing literature, as for example it is used interchangeably across a number of professions. Aim: This paper provides an in-depth concept analysis of thriving, with a specific focus on thriving post-homelessness. Method: Walker and Avant’s (2011) concept analysis method was utilized. Results: As a result of this concept analysis, eight defining attributes were identified, including bio-psycho-social-spiritual improvement, adaptive coping styles, a sense of accomplishment, satisfaction across multiple life domains, functional well-being, improving or achieving a high level of performance, finding meaning in life or life activities, and having the necessities of daily living. It was found that thriving is a multidimensional process with subjective and objective components as well as an outcome, which all contribute to an individual's well-being and satisfaction. As a consequence of thriving, one feels more secure and confident and an enhanced sense of belonging. Conclusion: This concept analysis includes an updated definition of an individual's thriving post-homelessness in order to allow for comprehensive measurement in the context of housing research, including a positive assessment of one's life situation across multiple domains, as well as access to basic necessities such as shelter, food, and clothing. Future research can utilize the results of this concept analysis to explore thriving within the context of housing, especially to establish a well-structured housing program for persons exiting homelessness.

Mesoamerican cloud forests support a rich and unique biodiversity but face severe threats from increasing habitat degradation and climate change. Here, we present an updated overview of the amphibians and reptiles of Cusuco National Park (CNP), an isolated cloud forest in the Sierra de Omoa, Northwest Honduras. Based on surveys conducted over a 17-year period, we report the presence of 105 confirmed species of amphibians (30) and reptiles (75) within the reserve. This includes numerous threatened and regionally endemic amphibian species, as well as several reptile species previously unrecorded within the park. Given that it harbours approximately 26% of all recorded Honduran herpetofauna, our study highlights CNP as the most diverse forest region in Honduras with respect to the reptile and amphibian diversity documented to date. Our findings reinforce the plea to actively protect CNP as a globally valuable biodiversity hotspot and a centre of herpetofaunal endemicity. Furthermore, in the face of rapid deforestation across Mesoamerica, our findings highlight the need for expanded biodiversity studies across extant forest regions in Honduras to refine species distribution ranges and facilitate timely and effective conservation measures.

O artigo aborda como a aprendizagem política de jovens católicos que participaram do Grupo Espiritualidade e Partilha (GEP), na década de 1990, na periferia norte de Belo Horizonte- Minas Gerais, vivenciaram um modo de ser Igreja mediante uma metodologia própria. Os objetivos são descrever e analisar a significativa aprendizagem política de jovens católicos que participaram nas origens da elaboração da metodologia de formação do grupo de jovens e sua extensão na aprendizagem política; compreender como a metodologia criada ofereceu às juventudes novos referenciais para a continuidade do desenvolvimento de suas ações políticas na vida social e eclesial. O caminho utilizado nesta pesquisa qualitativa foi o fenomenológico e os procedimentos metodológicos foram da história oral temática. Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram que a relação amadurecimento humano e a vivência de uma espiritualidade política conduz à aprendizagem política para além da Igreja Católica nas interpretações de si e do mundo numa ação política de busca pela transformação da sociedade.

Resumo Embora o modelo existente de classificação do infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) em IAMCSST e IAMSSST tenha sido benéfico, considera-se hoje que ele falha em abordar a complexidade das síndromes coronarianas agudas. O estudo tem como objetivo examinar o atual paradigma IAMCSST-IAMSSST e defender um modelo mais detalhado, chamado de oclusão coronariana aguda (OCA) e Ausência de Oclusão Coronária Aguda (NOCA), para um diagnóstico e um manejo do IAM mais precisos. Realizou-se uma análise abrangente da literatura médica existente, com foco nas limitações do modelo IAMCSST-IAMSSST. O estudo também descreve uma nova abordagem diagnóstica para pacientes apresentando do torácica nos departamentos de emergência. O modelo IAMCSST-IAMSSST tradicional falha em prover um diagnóstico preciso e um tratamento efetivo, principalmente na identificação de oclusões da artéria coronária. O modelo OCA-NOCA é mais preciso em termos anatômicos e fisiológicos, e apoiado por pesquisa clínica extensa e opiniões de especialistas. Ele destaca a necessidade de rápida realização de eletrocardiogramas (ECGs) e terapias de reperfusão para casos suspeitos de OCA, visando melhorar os desfechos dos pacientes. O modelo OCA-NOCA abre um novo caminho para pesquisas e aplicações clínicas futuras. Ele defende um entendimento mais abrangente dos mecanismos subjacentes das síndromes coronarianas agudas, levando a planos individualizados de tratamentos. Espera-se que essa nova abordagem incite novos debates e pesquisas acadêmicas, principalmente na área de cardiologia no Brasil, com o objetivo de aumentar a precisão diagnóstica e a eficácia do tratamento de pacientes com IAM.

This exploratory study employs a mixed-methods approach to investigate consumer decision-making when acquiring credit for significant purchases. We gathered data through preliminary interviews with four participants and online questionnaires administered to 301 respondents, to identify how consumers seek information, evaluate alternatives, and apply decision rules when selecting credit products and providers. Results show that consumers do not invest substantial time in information gathering for their credit decisions, frequently relying on information provided by the retailer, and assessing a limited range of alternatives. The interest rate is the crucial factor for selecting the credit product and provider. The decision-making process typically involves a compensatory rule for selecting the credit product and a lexicographic heuristic for selecting the provider. Consumer satisfaction with credit decisions was found to be influenced by the usefulness of information obtained, ease of comparing credit agreements, past credit experience, and decision rules employed when selecting the credit provider.

Can we talk about a post-post-Modernism? Is it the end of theory? What is it to read responsibly? In this interview, Stephen Ross, a specialist in Modernist studies, answers to these questions with attention to the challenges of contemporary critics, and to the need for ethical, generous and politically-conscious reading stances.

This research article examined the primary healthcare managers' managerial competency in enabling and managing changes. The study was conducted in Tanzania. This study used a cross-sectional research approach. A census sampling approach was used to gather data from one hundred and two healthcare managers. Utilizing SPSS version 25, statistical product and service solutions were used to analyze the data that had been gathered. Results show that, about the indicators within the preparation for change, implementation of change, evaluation of change, and leadership qualities concerning lead changes constructs, respectively, (73.53%), (65.69%), and (76.47%) of the healthcare managers are competent, and (26.47%), (34.31%), and (23.53%) are less competent. The study concludes that primary healthcare managers in Tanzania have shown both levels of competence and less competent practices in facilitating and managing changes.

O poema de Horácio Odes 2.1, dirigido ao político, historiador e poeta trágico Caio Asínio Polião, tem sido muito analisado nos últimos anos. Na maioria das vezes, os críticos seguiram a direção do comentário de Nisbet e Hubbard (1978) em busca de vestígios das Histórias perdidas de Polião e do próprio papel histórico dele (por exemplo, Henderson, 1998; Woodman, 2012), e é, de fato, claro que o poema contém um número de alusões a tópicos e estilemas historiográficos e pode relacionar-se com o proêmio perdido da obra de Polião. Este artigo olha em outra direção, seguindo a intuição de Nisbet e Hubbard de que, neste poema, “Horácio está sugerindo uma afinidade entre as tragédias de Polião e suas histórias” (1978, p. 9). Argumenta-se que a ode de Horácio alude mais extensivamente do que se imagina a tópicos estabelecidos na tragédia e, portanto, à outra parte da carreira literária de Polião, que Horácio aqui menciona com destaque (2.1.9 severae Musa tragoediae) como tendo sido interrompida em favor da escrita da história. Dada a perda de quase toda a tragédia romana pré-augustana, a partir dos textos da tragédia grega que Polião deve ter imitado até certo ponto argumenta-se que o poema de Horácio é tão repleto de tópicos trágicos quanto de material historiográfico: semelhantes referências a sangue, fogo, jogo e poeira podem ser encontradas em textos trágicos. Também se sugere que a forte ênfase no som e no espetáculo no poema, geralmente considerada parte de um estilo particularmente vívido de escrita histórica, pode estar relacionada às encenações de tragédias da época de Polião, que sabemos terem sido particularmente luxuosas e grandiosas.

Nuclear meltdown with the potential human and environmental harm is one of the major accident hazard (MAH) faced by nuclear power plants. Limiting (or entirely avoiding) criticality events are the main design strategies for reactors of generations 3½ and 4 (Gen3½ and Gen4). These include ensuring negative void and negative temperature coefficients (for both moderator and fuel) regardless of operational conditions, which provide a self-regulating mechanism that helps preventing accidents occurrence (i.e., to address safety and reliability aspects of Gen4’s goals). However, in severe accident scenarios (e.g. during loss-of-coolant, LOCA, events) where failure to extract heat from the reactor may lead to core degradation, strategies to mitigate reactor meltdown and relocation are critical in the design of safety protocols. This work aims to numerically investigate core relocation as an integrated multi-fluid and heat dynamics problem in which flow of melted materials (UO2, Zircaloy and graphite) are modelled through interface capturing/tracking methods. Two interface tracking/capturing methods were compared, the level-set volume of fluid method (VOF) in Ansys Fluent, and the compressive advection method (CAM) in Fluidity/ICFERST. Both methods are in good agreement for the core relocation simulation. An in-vessel core catcher (IVCC) of tungsten alloy was also proposed to demonstrate core degradation control strategy through cooling of the melted multi-materials. The IVCC was simulated with a multifluid model in Ansys Fluent, in a specified applied heat flux model. The thickness of the IVCC is 0.20 m and the heat flux used is 600 kW m-2. The tungsten material used was able to withstand both thermal and mechanical loads on the lower plenum by extracting decay heat from the corium.

Las vías de transporte cumplen un papel fundamental dentro de la comunicación de un país, algunas de ellas están pavimentadas y constituidas por diversos materiales que con el paso del tiempo pueden presentar diferentes tipos de irregularidades. En el siguiente documento se pretende dar una solución para estimar el daño ocasionado por estas irregularidades, específicamente: baches, grietas y pieles de cocodrilo, que son comunes en vías con constante deterioro. Con este objetivo, se realiza un tratamiento desde la perspectiva del procesamiento digital de imágenes usando para ello técnicas de transformación de perspectiva, umbrales, filtros, entre otros, con el propósito de estimar el área equivalente afectada que varía según la irregularidad, evaluando la veracidad del resultado por medio del método intersección sobre unión (IOU), obteniéndose valores de exactitud o precisión de 0.69, 0.87, 0.79 para deterioros como: piel de cocodrilo, bache y grietas considerados en este documento.

Introdução: O câncer de mama (CM) é um dos tipos de câncer mais prevalentes e é a primeira causa de morte por tumores malignos entre as mulheres em todo o mundo. Novas terapias recebem aprovação regulatória anualmente, e os sistemas de saúde são desafiados a adaptar sua infraestrutura, metodologias e políticas de reembolso para permitir o amplo acesso. A combinação de dose fixa subcutânea (SC), pronta para uso, de Pertuzumabe e Trastuzumabe (pertuzumabe, trastuzumabe e hialuronidase- zzxf; PH FDC SC) foi aprovada em dezembro de 2021 pela Anvisa e em fevereiro de 2022 pela CMED, para tratar pacientes adultos com câncer de mama inicial e metastático HER2-positivo. O estudo pivotal (PHranceSCa) Fase 2 de PHESGO FDC SC demonstrou que a maioria dos pacientes preferem PHESGO FDC SC em comparação a combinação de Pertuzumabe intravenoso (IV) e Trastuzumabe (IV) (SC: 85,0%; IV: 13,8%; sem preferência: 1,3%). Objetivos: Investigar as preferências pelas vias de administração medicamentosa por infusão (SC ou IV) entre pacientes e profissionais de saúde (PS) (médicos, enfermeiros, psicólogos e outros) para tratamento do câncer de mama HER2-positivo. Material e Método: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura (RSL) focada em ensaios clínicos e estudos observacionais, utilizando PubMed (MEDLINE), Biblioteca Cochrane, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) com base na declaração Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA).Resultados: A RSL incluiu 5 ensaios clínicos randomizados na análise dos achados: PrefHer (NCT01401166), GAIN-2 (NCT01690702), PHranceSCa Trial (NCT03674112), MetaspHer (NCT01810393) e ChangHER (NCT01875367). Como tendência observada, os estudos relataram que pacientes e OS preferem a via de administração SC à via IV. Os principais motivos apontados pelos estudos para justificar a preferência pela a via de administração SC incluem economia de tempo, menos dor, desconforto e efeitos colaterais; promovendo benefício no volume de trabalho da equipe, reduzindo desperdício, possibilitando menores tempos de infusão e observação nas doses de ataque e de manutenção, gerando redução significativa do tempo de cadeira. Os PS concordaram que a via de administração SC economiza tempo de preparação e administração exigindo menos recursos para o preparo. Discussão e Conclusões: É possível demonstrar que há uma tendência a favor da administração SC em todas as publicações. A via de administração SC demonstrou oferecer benefícios tanto para os pacientes quanto para os profissionais de saúde. Esses dados devem fornecer evidências de suporte para uma mudança na prática em relação à administração da terapia anti-HER2, independentemente do cenário de doença - inicial ou metastático.

O presente artigo tem como objetivo trazer luz sobre a atividade de concertista e de professor do violonista Milton Rodrigues Nunes (1925 – 2006) que se deu entre as décadas de 1940 e 2000. A nossa análise parte dos programas de concerto encontrado em seu acervo pessoal. Analisamos seus programas de concerto e organizamos por meio de uma série de tabelas as obras mais tocadas e as suas respectivas categorias estilísticas; em seguida realizamos uma análise do “Programa do Curso Básico e Técnico em Violão do Conservatório Musical Carlos Gomes” em conjunto com os programas de concerto dos alunos de Nunes. Estas análises, por sua vez, evidenciaram como era seu pensamento em torno da construção do repertório e da pedagogia do instrumento. Por fim, destacamos o impacto de sua atuação na cidade de Campinas-SP e uma efervescência em torno do violão clássico no interior paulista na segunda metade do século XX.

In higher education, reasonable accommodations are increasingly made for students with a wide range of disabilities. However, rigorous assessment is paramount to ensure these students are supported while preventing ineligible students from gaining unfair advantages. In this context, we sought to identify under which circumstances a university student should be allowed academic accommodation for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to outline an evidence-based policy for use in Brazil based on the global experience. We reviewed the literature to acquire information on what documents are commonly required by disability services before accommodations for ADHD are provided (including detection of malingering) and scrutinized the eligibility criteria of leading universities worldwide. Finally, renowned experts in the field and national stakeholders were consulted. Despite an exhaustive search, we found no international standard for the assessment of students with ADHD who request academic accommodation; even renowned institutions worldwide differ in their approaches to granting accommodations on the grounds of ADHD. Therefore, we propose a unified set of nationwide criteria for Brazilian universities, which could be generalized internationally. Higher education institutions in Brazil and beyond may benefit from adoption of such criteria.

Abstract The Continental African abelisauroid theropod dinosaur fossil record from the Jurassic-Cretaceous periods is becoming increasingly better understood, and offers great insight into the evolution and biogeography of this long-lived group of carnivores. Abelisauroidea is among the most familiar groups of theropod dinosaurs from Gondwana, with fossil records in South America, Australia, India and Africa, along with Europe. The objective of the present study is to review the fossil record of abelisauroids in continental Africa. Based on the literature and records from the online databases “The Paleobiology Database” and “The Theropod Database”, we review the distribution of these theropods in Africa and comment on their evolution. The African continent is a major region of importance when it comes to 26 Abelisauroidea fossil findings, including records of both major subdivisions of the clade: the Abelisauridae and Noasauridae families. The oldest Abelisauroidea fossil record found in Africa dates from the Late Jurassic, while the final records date from the end of the Cretaceous. This indicates that clade was the longest surviving lineage of the large theropods of Africa, and they filled a variety of ecological roles, including apex predators, at the end of the Cretaceous, when tyrannosaurids occupied similar niches in the northern continents.

As economias em desenvolvimento (EDs) no Sul Global são responsáveis por muito mais consumo do que produção. A continuidade dessa tendência mostra o subdesenvolvimento persistente dessas nações e também destaca uma tarefa desafiadora para alcançar a meta das Nações Unidas de um mundo desenvolvido e sustentável até o ano 2030. A literatura na área de Estudos de Organização e Gestão está repleta de explicações sobre os papéis das instituições formais para o desenvolvimento das capacidades de produção e industrialização dos países. No entanto, esses estudos são dominados por análises do Norte Global, especialmente dos EUA. Enquanto isso, são poucas as pesquisas sobre como as instituições informais em geral e, em particular, as instituições formais propostas pelas economias em desenvolvimento do Sul Global fazem para facilitar e promover a produção e a (re)industrialização. O presente artigo funciona como uma nota de pesquisa e uma chamada de trabalhos para uma edição especial que visa contribuir com o discurso emergente sobre a mudança estratégica das economias em desenvolvimento para a produção, por meio de uma compreensão mais profunda do papel das instituições informais no desenvolvimento econômico.

Objectives. To describe the presence and persistence of neurological and neuropsychological sequelae among children with acquired Zika virus infection and assess whether those sequelae were more common in children infected with Zika virus compared to uninfected children. Methods. We conducted a prospective cohort study of children with and without Zika virus infection in León, Nicaragua, using a standard clinical assessment tool and questionnaire to collect data on symptoms at three visits, about 6 months apart, and a battery of standardized instruments to evaluate neurocognitive function, behavior, depression, and anxiety at the last two visits. Results. Sixty-two children were enrolled, with no significant differences in demographics by infection group. Children infected with Zika virus had a range of neurological symptoms, some of which persisted for 6 to 12 months; however, no consistent pattern of symptoms was observed. At baseline a small percentage of children infected with Zika virus had an abnormal finger-to-nose test (13%), cold touch response (13%), and vibration response (15%) versus 0% in the uninfected group. Neurocognitive deficits and behavioral problems were common in both groups, with no significant differences between the groups. Children infected with Zika virus had lower cognitive efficiency scores at the 6-month visit. Anxiety and depression were infrequent in both groups. Conclusions. Larger studies are needed to definitively investigate the relationship between Zika virus infection and neurological symptoms and neurocognitive problems, with adjustment for factors affecting cognition and behavior, including mood and sleep disorders, home learning environment, history of neuroinvasive infections, and detailed family history of neuropsychological problems.

This paper provides a philosophical analysis and a new edition of an anonymous Epitome (Compendium) of John Dumbleton’s solution to the semantic paradoxes (insolubilia). The first part of this paper briefly presents Dumbleton’s cassationist solution to the semantic paradoxes, which the English philosopher proposes in his Summa Logicae, written in the 1330s–40s. The second part investigates the solution to various types of insolubles proposed by the anonymous author of the Epitome. The third part provides a new critical edition of the Latin text – a first edition was edited by Bottin in 1978 – and an English translation.

A aprendizagem de máquina e as extensões de API do HathiTrust e do Internet Archive estão a tornar mais fácil a extração de regiões de página com interesse visual de volumes digitalizados. Esta lição mostra como extrair eficientemente essas regiões e, ao fazê-lo, como fomentar novas questões sobre a pesquisa visual.

Since the end of the 19th century, the city of Rio de Janeiro has witnessed the emergence and growth of informal settlements known as favelas. There have been many attempts to urbanise or even eradicate these settlements. The strategies have not always acted in the best interests of those living in these settlements nor have they met social welfare demands as an objective. Many initiatives have been instituted due to the fact that most favelas occupy central regions and are in a permanent state of tension with the so-called asfalto or asphalt city, also known as the formal city. Among these public initiatives was the Favela-Bairro programme which began in 1994 intending to urbanise 15 medium-sized favelas. The success of the infrastructure-driven programme has led to its expansion and the creation of other similar programmes — Bairrinho, for favelas with fewer than 500 houses, and Grandes Favelas, for communities with more than 2,500 residences. This study examines the growth of these programmes three decades after their initial development. Conclusions from this study show that even though the Favela-Bairro programme was paved with good intentions, it has done little to alleviate persistent poverty-driven issues that residents of Rio’s favelas face.

The study of legal status in 13th-century English Ireland has suffered from a lack of law-in-action methodology, so many 19th-century assumptions have endured without critique. This article sorts out defensive pleas and petitions from court judgments, and applies decolonial and intersectional feminist methodologies to the terminology regarding the medieval courts and peoples. It defines legal freedom under medieval English law in Ireland and delineates the methods used by the courts to determine legal freedom. A critical, forensic study of the surviving court rolls has revealed that there were several legal identities (generes) allowed to use the English royal courts in Ireland (legally »free«) and intersections with and within these categories. The court rolls also demonstrate that legal identity had different consequences in criminal proceedings than in civil, and that categories such as »the English« or »the Gaels« in medieval Ireland are too broad; the interaction of factors such as identity, freedom or unfreedom, gender, and social status have to be taken into account.

Neste trabalho consideramos um outro ponto de vista do problema classico da geometria euclidiana plana conhecido como o problema de Heron. Para tal, utilizamos a geometria conhecida como a geometria do taxi e apresentamos uma reformulação e uma solução do problema de Heron neste contexto.

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the occlusal changes of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and slow maxillary expansion (SME) in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP), by means of digital dental models. Methods: Group RME was composed by 22 patients (13 males and 9 females), with mean age of 9.9 years, treated with rapid maxillary expansion with Hyrax appliance in Center 1. Group SME was composed by 29 patients (14 females and 15 males), with mean age of 10.7 years, treated with slow maxillary expansion with quad-helix appliance in Center 2. Digital dental models of the maxillary dental arch were obtained immediately pre-expansion (T1) and 6-month post-expansion (T2). Transversal distances, arch perimeter, arch length, palatal depth, palatal volume and posterior tooth inclination were digitally measured. Interphase and intergroup comparisons were performed with paired t-test and independent t-test, respectively. Results: Intercanine expansion was 4 to 5mm in both groups, and increase in the intercanine distance was similar for both groups. RME group showed a greater increase in arch distances at the region of permanent premolar and molars, compared to SME group. Arch perimeter increase was greater for RME group, compared to SME. No differences were found for arch length, palatal depth, palatal volume and posterior tooth buccal tipping. Conclusion: RME and SME produced similar dentoalveolar outcomes, with greater amount of expansion on RME group.

Abstract: The crucial component to any research being successful is fieldwork and gaining access to research participants; which in the academic year 2019-2020 in England became a challenging endeavour, with regards, a) industrial action across the higher education sector, in December 2019 and again in February 2020; b) regional rail network industrial strike action across the year, and c) the pandemic (Coronavirus). This perfect storm restricted and challenged qualitative data collection for a study on 'Teaching Innovation in 21st century UK Higher Education'. Writing from a postgraduate researcher position and perspective who was caught in university halls of residence; this paper reflects a meaningful mental activity and an approach to telling stories. Through my reflections, three themes of experience are significant. 1) Connection and access to participants, Implications of mass media reporting; workloads and screen time. 2) The use of visual method selection is difficult to achieve over a series of digital platforms regarding network failures, functionality, visual descriptions, and feelings of incompetence in understanding the impaired spoken drawing, and 3) the emotional toll on the researcher.

Abstract This paper aims to analyse the coordination and cooperation in Primary Health Care (PHC) measures adopted by the British government against the spread of the COVID-19. PHC is clearly part of the solution founded by governments across the world to fight against the spread of the virus. Data analysis was performed based on coordination, cooperation, and PHC literature crossed with documentary analysis of the situation reports released by the World Health Organisation and documents, guides, speeches and action plans on the official UK government website. The measures adopted by the United Kingdom were analysed in four periods, which helps to explain the courses of action during the pandemic: pre-first case (January 22- January 31, 2020), developing prevention measures (February 1 -February 29, 2020), first Action Plan (March 1- March 23, 2020) and lockdown (March 24-May 6, 2020). Despite the lack of consensus in essential matters such as Brexit, the nations in the United Kingdom are working together with a high level of cooperation and coordination in decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Can we talk about a post-post-Modernism? Is it the end of theory? What is it to read responsibly? In this interview, Stephen Ross, a specialist in Modernist studies, answers to these questions with attention to the challenges of contemporary critics, and to the need for ethical, generous and politically-conscious reading stances.

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Antecedentes: La validez es uno de los conceptos más fundamentales en el contexto de pruebas educativas y psicológicas y se refiere al grado en el que la evidencia teórica y empírica respaldan las interpretaciones de las puntaciones obtenidas a partir de una prueba utilizada para un fin determinado. En este trabajo, trazamos la historia de la teoría de la validez, centrándonos en su evolución y explicamos cómo validar el uso de una prueba para un propósito determinado. Método: Nos basamos en gran parte en los Estándares para Pruebas Educativas y Psicológicas, propuestos por la American Educational Research Association (AERA), la American Psychological Association (APA) y el National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME), los cuales proporcionan un marco conceptual para la validación de pruebas. También proporcionamos una breve descripción de la validación basada en argumentos y sus componentes, esbozando las dificultades asociadas a la operacionalización del proceso de validación desde una perspectiva de argumentación. Resultados: Se proponen cinco fuentes de evidencias de validez de las puntuaciones de una prueba: contenido, procesos de respuesta, estructura interna, relaciones con otras variables y consecuencias. Conclusión: El uso de los Estándares permite que la evidencia de validez pueda ser acumulada de forma sistemática para respaldar la interpretación y el uso de las puntuaciones de una prueba para un propósito específico, promoviendo así prácticas solidas en cuanto al uso de un instrumento de medida lo cual que puede contribuir a reducir las consecuencias negativas provenientes de la utilización de pruebas de alto riesgo.

This article is a partial result of a doctoral research study. Through applied means, it aims to demonstrate the “tools for a descriptive transcription of the expressiveness in a guitar performance”. This “tool” is being developed for the purpose of systematically describing the expressive resources used by performers in phonographic recordings. Methodologically, a discussion was carried out around the terminology of expressiveness and the idea of descriptive transcription, the latter developed by the ethnomusicologist John Blacking (2007). In addition, we prepared an exposition of expressive resources to be described (time, dynamics, timbre, articulation, vibrato), and presented an applied proposal that demonstrates the use of the “tool” in a recording of Insistência - Ponteio no. 1 written by the composer Orlando Fagnani (1960) and performed by the guitarist Milton Nunes (RECITAL, 1961). In conclusion, we consider that the application of this “Tool” in a wide number of phonograms of different performers and different periods may help to identify recurring performance choices, which, in turn, would point out similarities and differences among the various schools of performance.

Objective: To investigate whether poor antidepressant tolerability is associated with functional brain changes in children and adolescents of parents with bipolar I disorder (at-risk youth). Methods: Seventy-three at-risk youth (ages 9-20 years old) who participated in a prospective study and had an available baseline functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan were included. Research records were reviewed for the incidence of adverse reactions related to antidepressant exposure during follow-up. The sample was divided among at-risk youth without antidepressant exposure (n=21), at-risk youth with antidepressant exposure and no adverse reaction (n=12), at-risk youth with antidepressant-related adverse reaction (n=21), and healthy controls (n=20). The fMRI task was a continuous performance test with emotional distracters. Region-of-interest mean activation in brain areas of the fronto-limbic emotional circuit was compared among groups. Results: Right amygdala activation in response to emotional distracters significantly differed among groups (F3,66 = 3.1, p = 0.03). At-risk youth with an antidepressant-related adverse reaction had the lowest amygdala activation, while at-risk youth without antidepressant exposure had the highest activation (p = 0.004). Conclusions: Decreased right amygdala activation in response to emotional distracters is associated with experiencing an antidepressant-related adverse reaction in at-risk youth. Further studies to determine whether amygdala activation is a useful biomarker for antidepressant-related adverse events are needed.

Community engagement is crucial for public health initiatives, yet it remains an under-studied process within national disease elimination programs. This report shares key lessons learned for community engagement practices during a malaria outbreak response in the Los Tres Brazos neighborhood of urban Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic from 2015-2016. In this two-year period, 233 cases of malaria were reported–more than seven times the number of cases (31) reported in the previous two years. The initial outbreak response by the national malaria program emphasized “top-down” interventions such as active surveillance, vector control, and educative talks within the community. Despite a transient reduction in reported cases in mid-2015, transmission resurged at the end of 2015. The program responded by introducing active roles for trained community members that included door-to-door fever screening, testing with rapid diagnostic tests and treatment. Malaria cases declined significantly throughout 2016 and community-based active surveillance infrastructure helped to detect and limit a small episode of transmission in 2017. Results from qualitative research among community members revealed two key factors that facilitated their cooperation with community-based surveillance activities: motivation to help one’s community; and trust among stakeholders (community health workers, their neighbors and other key figures in the community, and malaria program staff and leadership). This experience suggests that community-led interventions and the program’s willingness to learn and adapt under changing circumstances can help control malaria transmission and pave the way for elimination.

Despite advances in recent decades, the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil is still one of the least studied regions of the country, regarding, for instance, the bat fauna. The present study reports on the results of a rapid survey of the bat fauna of a fragmented landscape in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Sergipe, in the legal forest reserve of Fazenda Santana, a commercial sugarcane plantation located in the adjoining municipalities of Japoatã and Pacatuba. We recorded 272 bats belonging to 23 species and four families, from which 265 individuals from 18 species from two families (Phyllostomidae and Vespertilionidae) were captured in the mist-nets, and seven individuals of six species from four families (Emballonuridae, Molossidae, Phyllostomidae and Vespertilionidae) were recorded during the active searches. This species richness was higher than that found in previous studies in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil. Lasiurus blossevillii and Micronycteris minuta were recorded in Sergipe for the first time, increasing to 57 the number of bat species known to occur in this state. The use of alternative strategies (such as active search and sampling one night per point, seeking to areas with greater availability of resources) in rapid surveys may contribute to the compilation of a more robust sampling, reinforcing the usefulness of this approach for the inventory of the bat fauna of a given region.

This essay argues that the performed corporeality of performance artist Nina Arsenault demonstrates how gender can be constituted by two mutually exclusive theories of gender simultaneously. Specifically, Arsenault im/possibly embodies gender as performative and as an essential psychic sense of self. Her expression of a feminine identity onstage is incompatible with theories of gender performativity because it incorporates a voluntary act: performance in the theatre. Arsenault also opposes theories that claim gender is an essential psychic sense of self by expressing her sense of self in her art practice/everyday life. Arsenault highlights that the theatrical materiality she embodies, which also further establishes her femininity, is im/possibly performatively constituted. Put simply, Arsenault embodies gender through performance and performativity.

Este ensaio defende que a corporalidade interpretada pela artista da performance Nina Arsenault demonstra como o gênero pode ser constituído ao mesmo tempo por duas teorias mutuamente exclusivas. Especificamente, Arsenault encarna de maneira im/possível o gênero como performativo e como um sentido psíquico fundamental do eu. Sua expressão de uma identidade feminina no palco é incompatível com teorias de performatividade de gênero porque encarna um ato voluntário: a performance no teatro. Arsenault também opõe teorias que afirmam ser o gênero um sentido psíquico fundamental do eu ao expressar seu sentido de eu na prática artística/vida cotidiana. Arsenault destaca que a materialidade teatral encarnada por ela, e que também fundamenta ainda mais sua feminilidade, é constituída performativamente de modo im/possível. Em suma, Arsenault encarna o gênero por meio da performance e da performatividade.

Objectives: To prospectively investigate whether baseline clinical characteristics and medication exposure predict development of major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder in offspring of parents with bipolar disorder. Methods: Youth aged 9-20 years with at least one biological parent with bipolar disorder and no prior history of mood or psychotic episodes (n=93) were prospectively evaluated and treated naturalistically during the study. Participants were divided into two groups: converters, defined as those who met DSM-IV criteria for a mood episode during follow-up (n=19); or non-converters (n=74). Logistic regression models were used to investigate associations between baseline clinical variables and medication exposure during follow-up and risk of developing a first mood episode (conversion). Results: Multivariate regression analyses showed that baseline anxiety disorders and subsyndromal mood disorders were associated with increased risk of conversion during follow-up. Adding medication exposure to the multivariate model showed that exposure to antidepressants during follow-up was associated with increased risk of conversion. Conclusions: Caution should be used when treating bipolar offspring with anxiety and/or emerging depressive symptoms using antidepressant agents, given the increased risk of developing a major mood disorder.

Objective. To describe perinatal and neonatal outcomes in newborns exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Methods. A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed Central, LILACS, and Google Scholar using the keywords ‘covid’ AND ‘newborn’ OR ‘child’ OR ‘infant,’ on 18 March 2020, and again on 17 April 2020. One researcher conducted the search and extracted data on demographics, maternal outcomes, diagnostic tests, imaging, and neonatal outcomes. Results. Of 256 publications identified, 20 met inclusion criteria and comprised neonatal outcome data for 222 newborns whose mothers were suspected or confirmed to be SARS-CoV-2 positive perinatally (17 studies) or of newborns referred to hospital with infection/pneumonia (3 studies). Most (12 studies) were case-series reports; all were from China, except three (Australia, Iran, and Spain). Of the 222 newborns, 13 were reported as positive for SARS-CoV-2; most of the studies reported no or mild symptoms and no adverse perinatal outcomes. Two papers among those from newborns who tested positive reported moderate or severe clinical characteristics. Five studies using data on umbilical cord blood, placenta, and/or amniotic fluid reported no positive results. Nine studies reported radiographic imaging, including 5 with images of pneumonia, increased lung marking, thickened texture, or high-density nodular shadow. Minor, non-specific changes in biochemical variables were reported. Studies that tested breast milk reported negative SARS-CoV-2 results. Conclusions. Given the paucity of studies at this time, vertical transmission cannot be confirmed or denied. Current literature does not support abstaining from breastfeeding nor separating mothers and newborns. Further evidence and data collection networks, particularly in the Americas, are needed for establishing definitive guidelines and recommendations.

Abstract Background: The safety and effectiveness of warfarin depend on anticoagulation control quality. Observational studies associate poor control with increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Objectives: To develop a profile of non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients treated with warfarin in a Brazilian private ambulatory and hospital setting, evaluate the quality of anticoagulation control, and its association with clinical and economic outcomes. Methods: This retrospective study, through a private health insurance dataset in Brazil, identified NVAF patients treated with warfarin between 01 MAY 2014 to 30 APRIL 2016, described their anticoagulation management, and quantified disease-related costs. Data on demographics, clinical history, concomitant medication and time in therapeutic range (TTR) of international normalized ratio (INR) values were retrieved. Patients were grouped into TTR quartiles, with good control defined as TTR ≥ 65% (Rosendaal method). Major bleeds and all-cause direct medical costs were calculated and compared between good and poor control subgroups. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The analysis included 1220 patients (median follow-up: 1.5 years; IQR: 0.5-2.0). On average, each patient received 0.95 monthly INR measurements (mean INR: 2.60 ± 0.88, with 26.1% of values < 2 and 24.8% > 3), (median TTR: 58%; IQR: 47-68%), (mean TTR: 56.6% ± 18.9%). Only 31% of patients were well-controlled (mean TTR: 78% ± 10%), with 1.6% having major bleeds within median follow-up, and direct medical costs per member per year (PMPY) of R$25,352(± R$ 37,762). Poorly controlled patients (69%) were associated with 3.3 times more major bleeds (5.3% vs. 1.6%; p < 0.01) and 40% higher costs (R$35,384 vs. R$25,352; p < 0.01). Conclusions: More than 60% of the patients were below the desired target and the associated costs were higher.

ABSTRACT: Herbaspirillum seropedicae is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium capable of using toxic compounds as a source of carbon. Bacteria with this capacity can be used to make animals resistant to plant poisoning containing monofluoroacetate (MFA), such as Amorimia septentrionalis. The aim of this study was to evaluate if H. seropedicae is efficient in the degradation of MFA present in A. septentrionalis and if the inoculation of this bacterium in goats confers protection to A. septentrionalis intoxication. Two experiments were performed: in the first experiment 12 goats were divided into 2 groups. Goats in Group 1 were orally administered a solution containing the H. seropedicae bacterium for 10 days. From day 10 onwards, they received a daily dose of 5g/kg of A. septentrionalis with the bacteriauntil clinical signs of intoxication were observed. Group 2 goats received only the plant at the same dose, also until the observation of clinical signs of intoxication. The amount of MFA found in A. septentrionalis used in the experiment with goats was 1.6±0.058μg/mg. The total plant dose ingested by all goats in Group 1 was 80.83±12.81g/kg (129.33±20.50mg/kg MFA), which were significantly greater (p

Descriptive Statistics and Net Farm Income model was used to analyze data collected from 120 Arable Farmers who adopted various cropping patterns in Niger State, Nigeria. The study specifically examined the socio-economic characteristics of arable farmers, profile the cropping patterns adopted, examined the profitability and highlighted the constraints to crop production among arable farmers in the study area. Results obtained from the study show that crop farming in the area is a male dominated. The mean age of farmers was 33years, 98.3% were married, 80.8% had one form of education or the other and 68.4% adopted a three-crop mix pattern in their crop production. Two and three crop mixes enterprise were profitable than sole cropping when gross income per ha was used as an index of profitability. Profitability was higher in single crop enterprise when returns/man day was used as an index but was higher in a two and three crop mix enterprise when net returns per ha was used as a measure of profitability. Bad roads, drought, theft of farm produce, poor extension per farm advisory services and lack of credit facilities respectively were the constraint to crop production. The study concludes that mixed cropping enterprises was more profitable than sole cropping. We recommend the promotion of mixed cropping among arable farmers for increased profitability and income to farm households, that the constraints identified be addressed by all concerned authorities so as to sustain crop production, reduce food insecurity and eradicate hunger and poverty among arable farmers in the area and Nigeria as a whole.

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Scholars have made several attempts to understand the ‘compulsion problem’ in the Republic, namely, why Plato compels the philosopher-rulers to descend into the cave to rule. These attempts, however, fail to properly incorporate two other main instances of compulsion in the dialogue into the discussion: first, the compulsion in Plato’s concept of philosophical rulership, which requires that one can be a ruler in Kallipolis if and only if one is a product of the coincidence of philosophy and politics; second, the instances of compulsion in the future philosopher-rulers’ education. My main aim in this paper is to re-examine the ‘compulsion problem’. I argue that the just law that compels the philosopher-rulers to rule corroborates Plato’s concept of education to achieve the product of his concept of philosophical rulership, i.e. rulers who despise ruling.