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Copyright of Water & Landscape (WAL) / Agua & Territorio (AYT) is the property of Editorial de la Universidad de Jaen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Riparian forests are of fundamental importance for the protection and conservation of water resources. The misuse of these areas by human activities can lead to siltation and pollution of channels, causing loss of water in quantity and quality. This study aimed to identify land use conflicts in permanent preservation areas of the Ribeirão das Bicas stream catchment, municipality of Santo Antônio da Platina (PR), using AutoCad Raster Design software and 2021 Google Earth Pró satellite images. Nine classes of land use have been identified, with pasture being the predominant class of use, occupying 4120,75 ha (73,91%) of the total area of the stream catchment. The simulation of the permanent preservation areas shows that the stream catchment should have 1127,70ha of riparian forest around the springs and along the channels of the drainage network. Three conflicting classes of use were identified in APP, highlighting pasture with 711.61ha (96.59%) as greater conflicting use. The AutoCad software proved to be an alternative tool for determining and mapping the use and conflict of land use in permanent preservation areas, serving as a basis for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To address the degradation of water quality in France, legislators established innovative mechanisms for autonomous water management in 1964, specifically the creation of agencies and basin committees, organized according to hydrographic basins. Over the subsequent fifty years, French legislation followed by European directives have cultivated a distinctive solidarity in environmental policies, operating across three dimensions : hydrographic, financial, and territorial. This article explores the uniqueness of this solidarity and its development, leveraging the evolution of regulations and analyzing the functioning of agencies and basin committees as their mandates expanded. The recent national acknowledgment of quantitative pressure on water resources, manifested in 2023 through the adoption of 53 measures aimed at resilient and coordinated water management, reaffirms the central role of agencies and basin committees in water governance. However, this recognition follows a decade characterized by diminishing financial and technical resources, alongside a delegation of flood and environmental management responsibilities to intercommunalities, often without regard for hydrographic considerations. This article highlights the inherent risks of undermining the current pillars of solidarity in water resource management and aquatic ecosystems, particularly as the impacts of climate change heighten the necessity of this solidarity.

The availability of quality water for various activities has been decreasing across the planet, as a result of human actions and degrading natural events. In this context, it appears that river basins are considered the most appropriate units for managing natural resources in the ecosystem, as they present different landscape characteristics that influence the selection of soil and water management practices. To this end, knowledge about the hydrological behavior of the Gavião River Basin was used using orbital data and geoprocessing techniques together with statistical analyzes with the aim of characterizing the environment and morphometric characteristics. Analysis of the data and results obtained for the Gavião River Watershed allowed us to conclude that the organization of the drainage network has an area of approximately 10,112 km² and a perimeter of 781 km. The slope in the range 3-8% corresponds to 29.61% of the basin area, considered moderately inclined. The Gavião River was approximately 340 km long. According to the results, it can be stated that the study area appears to be less susceptible to flooding under normal precipitation conditions, that is, excluding events of abnormal intensities, due to the fact that the compactness coefficient presents a value far from of the unit and, regarding its form factor, display a low value. Thus, there is an indication that the basin does not have a circular shape, and therefore has a tendency towards an elongated shape. The data showed approximately 188% of the study area is covered by forest formation, 56.53% occupied by savanna formation, and 36.49% with the use of pasture. The information obtained enables decision-making for the conservation and adequate management of water resources in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In geography, studies on vulnerability have an important role in relation to natural disasters, especially in places where the volume of data is scarce, such as the northern Amazon. Based on this principle, the research sought to analyze and define the areas of socioeconomic vulnerability in the Caranã Watershed (BHC), Boa Vista-RR. The methodology of this study was divided into three stages: (I) Survey of secondary data such as articles, books, magazines, dissertations, theses, electronic journals and satellite images; (II) survey of primary data that consisted of various field activities in order to collect geographical coordinates, digital images and panoramic images; (III) laboratory stage that consisted of synthesizing field data to create the geographic and statistical database. The delimitation of vulnerable socioeconomic areas was processed using Arcgis 10.3 software, based on the procedure for weighting socioeconomic variables. The results showed that the areas with the highest degree of socioeconomic vulnerability are located in the low course of the Caranã stream, BHC's main watercourse, being observed in the neighborhoods Caranã, Jardim Caranã, União and Cauamé. To reverse this process, structural and non-structural measures are needed to reduce these vulnerable areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The river basins represent an ideal planning unit, and its delimitation can occur by manual or computational methods. The second one when supported by a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment provides efficiency and agility to the process. This study aims to apply and analyze the automatic process for delimitation of three watersheds in different landscapes in Brazil: Atlantic Forest, Amazonia and Pantanal, using GIS. The drainage basins were delimited automatically using three different GIS softwares and TOPODATA data. For the analysis of the automatic delimitations, the limits of the same drainage basins were previously obtained via a manual process and used as a reference. The results achieved indicated variations, in terms of area, smaller than 1% for the automatically delimited watershed in the Atlantic Forest region, being still the places where there was less discrepancy between the automatic limits. As for the Amazon basin, the total area values were similar. On the other hand, for the Pantanal watershed, the area values were 50% smaller in relation to the reference, with significant divergences between the limits of the basins. This study reinforces that users need to pay attention to existing limitations in the automatic processes of delimitation of watersheds in different landscapes using GIS, which can cause potential impacts on decision-making processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrological behavior in reforested watersheds is different from that under other forms of cover. The variation may be related to aspects intrinsic to species, planting density, physiological maturity, management system and climatic conditions. Periodically, climatic anomalies such as the case of La Ninã are observed, and these are responsible for the alteration of the rainfall regime and consequently generate water deficits in the southern region of Brazil. Water deficit is responsible for reducing growth and productivity for the Eucalyptus genus, in addition to causing changes in hydrological behavior in reforested watersheds. Accordingly, this study compared the partition of rainfall in throughfall, stemflow and canopy interception of eucalyptus trees submitted or not to partial exclusion of precipitation. In the open field, 3 rainfall collectors were installed, and in the stand, for each rain exclusion treatment, 9 throughfall collectors and 9 stemflow collectors were installed. Every two weeks for 12 months, the volume of the collectors was measured. The quantified precipitation was 1627 mm over a year. In the treatment without exclusion, 84.8, 2.9 and 12.3% referred to throughfall, stemflow and canopy interception, respectively, while in the treatment excluding rainfall 80.6, 2.3 and 17.2% referred to throughfall, stemflow and canopy interception. The regression adjustments for throughfall and stemflow showed satisfactory R2 coefficients.

The referred research highlights the importance of water, emphasizing the knowledge of the amount of volume in storage, as an indispensable proposition, especially in regions where there are irregularities in the amount of rain and in the distribution over time. Remote sensing has been gaining a lot of space in management of the basins, as it helps to identify and monitor possible changes in natural resources. The Sumé public reservoir is located in the hydrographic basin of the Alto Rio Paraiba, in the cariri region of Paraiba, with a maximum storage capacity of 44.8 million m³ with a relative area of the water mirror of 8.5 million m², to carry out this research, orbital images from the Landsat 8/OLI, Landsat 5/TM and ETM and Landsat 7/TM and ETM+ satellites were used. the system used for digital processing was SPRING version 5.5.1. For digital image processing, the following methodologies were used: contrast; main components (bands 5, 4 and 3 - Landsat 5 and 7; and 6, 5 and 4 - Landsat 8); IVDN; highlight by decorrelation (DECO); adjusted multispectral composition (CMA); and, false color composition. The RGB-CONTRASTE was the one with the highest correlation (0.9998), accompanied by CMA-DECO with (0.9979). Remote sensing proved to be effective for the study of water resources, being an economically viable method with fast results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The knowledge of intensity and frequency of rainfall allows establishing predictive measures to minimize impacts caused by high volume of rainfall totals in a region. Therefore, the objective is to evaluate daily rainfall for Paraná slope of the Itararé watershed (PSIW) and to verify the spatiotemporal trend of intense and extreme daily rainfall. Rainfall data from 14 stations collected from 1976 to 2012 were used with less than 4% of data faults. Multivariate analysis based on cluster analysis technique (CA) was used applying the Euclidean distance for the identification of homogeneous groups, and the quantiles technique to classify daily rainfall. The Mann-Kendall (MK) test was used to identify trends for annual rainfall totals, annual number of rainy days (ANRD) and for the occurrence of intense (R95p) and extreme (R99p) rainfall. The CA technique identified three rainfall groups (HG I, II and III). Given the latitudinal position of the area, rainfall at the southern sector is characterized by its greater similarities with the subtropical climate, whereas in the North sector there is a consistent reduction of rainfall totals in autumn and, especially, during winter months, which are characteristic of the tropical climate. The MK test identified the downward trend of ANRD, with greater significance for the south-centered sectors of the basin. The observed trends for the intense (R95p) and extreme (R99p) daily rainfall show the predominance of reduction for the Southwest and central sector, followed by a significant increase in the Southeast and North sectors of the PSIW.

In this work we developed an algorithm for building panoramas with multiple height and width ranges. For multilinear stitching, images were initially placed in a matrix and partial panoramas with images from the same column are generated. To complete the final panorama, the columns were divided with the help of support points and the neighboring columns were stitched, being reassembled at the end of the process. The stitching was performed with a graph cut algorithm in conjunction with the Watershed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concentration time is an important parameter for drainage systems design and is closely related to the physiographic characteristics of a given hydrographic basin. Information from cartographic bases or images obtained by remote sensing, which present certain scales/resolutions, are often employed for the appropriation of concentration times. The present study sought to investigate the influence that the combination of different physiographic information, in different scales, and different calculation methods can produce in concentration times’ values. The applied methodology included a concentration times appropriation methods survey, identification of methods compatible with the study area characteristics, physiographic variables appropriation from information plans at different scales and concentration times determination for different regions. The results show that there is an equivalence between Tulsa District and US Corps of Engineers methods, and that these methods produce higher concentration times estimates than those produced by the George Ribeiro method. For the study area, the maximum calculated relative error was 52%.

The high population density in a metropolis leads to socio-environmental impacts that directly affect local water resources. This work evaluated the historical data (between 2000 and 2014) of water and sediment monitoring in the Jacuí’s Delta region and analyzed the relationship between these sites. Seven monitoring sites around the Jacuí's Delta were evaluated: the outflow of the rivers Jacuí, Caí, Sinos, and Gravataí; the channels Ilha da Pintada and Navegantes; and Lake Guaíba. Water data were evaluated for: air and water temperature; depth; pH; electrical conductivity; transparency; turbidity; dissolved oxygen; biochemical oxygen demand; phosphorus; nitrogen; total residues; and escherichia coli. Sediment were evaluated for pseudo-total concentrations of metals (Al, Fe, Ca, Mn, Ba, V, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, Co, Li, Be, Cd, Hg, As, and Ag). The quality of water and sediment in the Jacuí's Delta are linked with the tributaries and priority flows of the channels. The historical data of water and sediment around the Jacuí's Delta shows the influence of the tributaries with low quality in the downstream points. The pollution of the rivers Caí, Sinos, and Gravataí negatively affects the environmental quality of the channel Navegantes and Lake Guaíba (catchment points to water supply). The water in those sites presents reductions in dissolved oxygen and high values of coliforms, and the sediment shows high concentrations of metal Zn, Pb, Cr, and Hg. Despite the reduction in Pb and Hg values in the sediment over the past years, pollution from the tributary rivers still persists.

This study aims to develop the cartographic production that composes the physical-territorial inventory of a sub-watershed of the Unit of Pontal do Paranapanema Water Resources Management (UGRHI-22). The study area consists of the middle reaches of the watershed river Pirapozinho, State of São Paulo. It was produced the following thematic maps: slope, hypsometry, pedology, exposed geological units, morphological units, climatic subsystem, use and land cover, vegetation, physiognomy, erosion susceptibility and drainage distribution. These maps were designed using data compilation process. Results allow understanding physical attributes of the middle reaches of the watershed river Pirapozinho, which aid in the interpretation of the environmental dynamics of the watershed. We conclude that cartographic production contributes to the development of territorial physical inventory of the basin and, consequently, for the environmental planning of it.

ABSTRACT The present study examines the individual and cumulative environmental effects of the six cascading hydroelectric dams currently in operation on in the Jauru River, a direct tributary of the Paraguay River, the main river in the Pantanal, as well as presenting a general characterization of water quality in the Jauru River. Water quality was evaluated at eight sites along the longitudinal gradient of the Jauru River. A total of 339 water quality samples from between 1990 and 2013 were considered, including 72 samples collected prior to the installation of Hydropower plants, treated as natural, and 267 samples, treated as altered . Statistica 7 software was used for statistical treatment and for the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test; squared Pearson correlation (coefficient of determination, R 2) was also applied to evaluated the relationship between the morphological and hydraulic parameters of each reservoir and cumulatively, with the rate of change of water quality parameters in three stretches of the Jauru River. The water quality of the Jauru River in general was characterized by low concentrations of electrolytes and slightly acidic pH, oligotrophy, reduced values of color, turbidity and solids and good oxygenation. While these general conditions were maintained over the two phases studied, we verified the occurrence of change in the pattern of variation of the physical and chemical conditions evaluated, mainly between the second and the fifth hydroelectric reservoir. This change, which implies discontinuity in the longitudinal gradient, was indicated by nine out of the twelve parameters measured in this stretch of the Jauru River, downstream of each individual reservoir and/or cumulatively. The constructive characteristics of the hydropower plants, especially water inlet height, water retention time and flooded area, as well as the proximity between two or more impoundments, are factors that influenced the observed changes, which are important aspects in the processes of environmental licensing for these future plants, or even, in some cases, to avoid them from being built at all as planned. This research also indicated the need for studies that consider the basin in an integrated way, and for the collection of more consistent data before these impoundments are implemented.

ABSTRACT Flow in the Capim River watershed, located in the state of Pará, Brazil, was estimated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model in order to determine its use efficiency. The meteorological data (from 2000 to 2010) were collected from an automatic station located in the municipality of Paragominas. The pluviometric and fluviometric data are available at the National Water Agency (ANA) website. Overall results show Efficiency Coefficient (Eff) values of 0.65 (for sub-basin 5) and 0.87 for the entire investigated period. The results also show a reduction in Eff estimation error, which started from over-estimation of 219.18% and declined to underestimation of 18% (in sub-basin 5). In summary, validation of the SWAT model was successful after adjusting the sensors during the calibration phase. Thereby, this model can be used in other studies evaluating river basins.

Copyright of Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias is the property of Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Geociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The watershed of the Tenente Amaral River, located for the most part in the municipality of Jaciara, MT, is a tributary on the right bank of the Sao Lourenço River, one of the main tributaries of the northern Pantanal. It presents more than 75% of the area converted to the agro-husbandry use, so that there is a great propensity to linear erosion processes, specifically gully process. Given this fact, this study aimed to identify the morphopedological compartments and their probable pedological systems, as well as raise likely toposequences for these compartments. For these systematic surveys and compilations were made of cartographic materials of the physical medium bowl, paying attention to scale corrections and update required information. Thus allowing subsidize the implementation of a morphopedological compartments methodology. The results of this methodology in the area are present in three morphopedological compartments (CPMs in Portuguese), and you can pre-speak spatial distribution systems soil, which for CMP 1 would LVw/ LVd (Dystrophic Red Latosol) the shed tops, and LVd in third top, LVA (Red-Yellow Latosol) in the middle third, RQo, in the lower third, and GX (gleysol) in the valley. While the CMP 2, the system likely would be a LVd at the top strand, with AVL in the upper middle third, and a consortium of LA/RQo in the lower and middle third base, and in the valley bottom, one GX. And would the CPM 3 Entisol and / or Litosol, below the cliffs, hillsides flatter the presence of red-yellow Ultisol, in a succession of valleys Fluvisol and Haplic Gleysol, with a probable prevalence of the latter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problems related to water resources has been the scene of debates due to steady deterioration of water quality and increase in demand. This study aimed to analyse the influence of land use and occupation in the water quality of the main rivers of the Environmental Protection Area (EPA) Itupararanga (SP), Brazil. Therefore, analyses were carried out of the main parameters and water quality indices, as well as the mapping of the use and occupation of land. The results revealed that the sanitary sewage conditions of the municipalities of the EPA Itupararanga and agricultural uses classes are negatively affecting the water quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Upper Paraíba and Taperoá river basin are located in the semiarid zone of Paraíba State. Much of the delimitation of the semiarid region has Caatinga forests, which, due to its bioclimatic conditions, diversity and endemism, become a singular biome, extending over a surface area of 844,453Km2 IBGE (2010). The objective of this study was to evaluate soil use and cover, spatial pattern of fragmentation and connectivity of the Upper Paraíba and Taperoá basin. The mapping was done from GEOBIA classification of MSI images of Sentinel 2 satellite, and worked on GUIDOS software. The vegetation cover and the water and bioclimatic condition of the surveyed area were used. The results point to a greater presence of caatinga areas in quantity and connectivity in the northwest of Upper Paraíba and in the southwest of Taperoá. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims a correlation and variability analysis between rainfall and streamflow in the Piquiri-PR watershed. Explain the dynamic among hydrological variables and flood prevention, helps to understand and prevent low agricultural productivity, urban mobility disorders due to flooding, erosion processes, and others. For the development of this research, we used data from Instituto das Águas do Paraná and Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA). The drainage areas were determined by the scope of each fluviometric station and the respective rain gauges, it was realyzed by means of boxplots graphics and statistical correlations the variability analysis of rainfall and streamflow. August presentes the lowest rainfall monthly average, 81,2 mm, while October presents the highest, 192,1 mm. The streamflow monthly average in the Piquiri watershed is 508,4 m3/s. May presentes the highest rainfall variability and October is the month with highest streamflow variability, while March showed the lowest rainfall and streamflow variability. The autocorrelation functions indicate that the action and absence of lag are greater, the correction of a one month low, the scale of weeks or days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Geochimica Brasiliensis is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Geoquimica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objective of this work was to evaluate the use of game theory as a strategic tool for watershed management decision-making. An engineering problem case study was used in which three organizations compare various scenarios when deciding where to locate a polluting plant on a watershed. Six games were modeled to provide a variety of conditions that could feasibly be implemented and were simulated using software for finding Nash Equilibria solutions. The results show that game theory can provide key insights, such as the consideration of other players' strategies, and identify possible pitfalls that may occur when the companies seek only to maximize their individual profitability.

Flood is one of the most frequent natural disaster in Brazil. The watercourses classication in the watershed's drainage system is one of the resources of the Hydrological Intelligence - essential to natural disasters monitoring and early warning. Exclusively based on free les and softwares, it is presented a set of procedures for Strahler classication of a hydrography, with results presented for rivers with meaningful history and risk of natural disasters: Itaja, Paraiba do Sul and Doce. The results presentation, with possibilities for education in natural disasters, is done on a free Geographical Information System (QuantumGIS) and on an innovative platform (SALVAR-Cemaden), which is aimed to the natural disasters monitoring and early warning.

This work addresses the relation between mining resources exploration and the need for cooperative and participatory environmental management amongst mining companies, managers, public entities and organised civil society. It also addresses the essential role of a territorial governance focused on socioenvironmental protection. Consequently, the issues discussed here focus on the disaster that occurred in the municipality of Mariana, in the state of Minas Gerais, caused by the breaking of a tailings dam in November 2015. Likewise, the article highlights the role of institutional resources and the participation of organized society in the design of a policy aimed at the reduction of environmental risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias is the property of Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Geociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ambiente e Água is the property of Revista Ambiente e Agua and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Water erosion is one of the main factors that lead to the process of soil degradation, with impacts ranging from reducing productivity to losses of natural resources. Thus, this work aimed to estimate soil losses performing RUSLE model and to verify the effect of changes in land use changes, from 1990 to 2007, in the watersheds of the rivers Lontra and Manoel Alves Pequeno,Tocantins State-Brazil. Water erosion in the river Lontra ranged from "slight" (51.3%) in the central region of the basin (dominance of flat relief and forest land use), to "extremely high" (24.6%), in the range that goes from the north to the west (dominance of pasture land use and more declining relief). In the watershed of Manoel Alves Pequeno the erosion class "slight" (52%) was distributed along the basin, due to most soils had low erodibility and with most of the area covered by cerrado. While the "extremely high" class (6.7%), occurred in the northern and western part due to pasture land use, and in the eastern part due to the greater slope. Temporal evaluation of soil loss evidenced that there were no significant variations in the period studied. However, in the watershed of river Lontra, from 2000 to 2007, occurred a 0.3% reduction of the "extremely high"; at the wathershed Manoel Alves Pequeno, from 1990 to 2007, there was a gradual increase in the soil erosion rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ambiente e Água is the property of Revista Ambiente e Agua and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The hydrologic regime and the water catchment capacity of a hydrographic basin depend on the temporal and spatial variation patterns of climatic variables and on the physiographic characteristics of the watershed. In certain regions, where the availability of water depends on the catchment capacity of the watershed, the utilization of effective methods such as the hydric balance has become more frequently used because it enables an estimate of the hydrologic regime, the catchment capacity, and the water flows. It also enables an estimate of the hydrologic processes and the period in which they occurred. In the present work, assessments of the Climatic Hydric Balance (CHB) and of potential evapotranspiration were performed in the Cazones river basin. The calculations followed the Thornthwaite and Mather method based on climatic variables such as temperature and precipitation during the period from 1981 to 2010. As a result of these assessments, it was found that the excess layer of water and the annual runoff were 638.63 mm and 637.02 mm, respectively. Further, the work identified the months that comprise the humid and dry periods, the regime of the climatic variables, and surpluses and deficits of water in the basin during an annual cycle.

Copyright of Ra'e Ga is the property of Ra'e Ga - O Espaco Geografico em Analise and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

On limnological studies, the influence of terrestrial environments and the meteorological conditions have been altering the natural characteristics of the optically active elements of water. Facing this problem, the following study proposes to identify, analyze and gather evidences supporting the variation on TSS concentration, pH and CE on the watershed of the Jacuí-Mirim River, RS, Brazil. The limnological collections were performed in October 2009, on three sample stations located on the site of study. The data collected on site and in the laboratory were interpreted and complemented with information of other works done on the same field of study. It was observed that the alterations of the natural characteristics caused on the aquatic environment evolve due to a variety of on influences, mainly on predominantly rural areas. Such finding was evident because of expressive values found for TSS concentration (maximum of 14 mg/L). It is believed the highest value of pH (7.5) is due to the influence of sediments deriving from farmable soils that use limestone for correction. The CE presented good conditions (maximum of 26.9 μ/cm). However, it is needed to constantly verify pH, CE and other parameters of analysis in order to achieve a more precise conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to determine the temporal and spatial variability ofrainfall and evaluate the influence of the orography over the precipitation in Jacaré Guaçú watershed (São Paulo State - Brazil). Rainfall and topographic data, statistical analysis and Geoprocessing techniques were used to elaborate this research. The results show that the yearly average rainfall in watershed varies between 1313 and 1680 mm. The lowest values of yearly average rainfall are located in the west, northwest and southeast of study area and in the east are the highest values. For the rainy season (October to March) the average rainfall varies between 1082 to 1329 mm. In the less rainy season (September to April) the values vary of 301 to 364 mm. The spatial distribution data of rainy season and less rainy season is similar to the annual period. The relief showed to influence the variability of rainfall in hydrographic basin. The rainfall increase gradient is the 0.8 mm for each meter of elevation from west to east, 1.1mm from northwest to southeast and 1.6 mm from north to south. The results can contribute to water resource management in the counties of Jacaré Guaçú watershed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to evaluate the impacts of maximum rainfall in watershed of the Rio Doce in the probability of flooding alert flow in the municipality of Colatina, ES, Brazil, using Logit model. To this, it were considered the rainfall stations of the locations of Aimorés, Tumiritinga, Conselheiro Pena and Resplendor in the Minas Gerais state and Baixo Guandu, Itaguaçu, Itarana and Colatina in the state of Espírito Santo, beyond fluviometric station in Colatina municipality, during the period from 01/01/1986 to 31/12/2014. The results of the logistic regression model shown significant impacts of the maximums rainfall in Tumiritinga, Aimorés, Baixo Guandu and Colatina in the probability of occurrence of episodes of flood warning in Colatina, ES. Moreover, it was observed that in periods with higher volumes of rain (spring and summer), the chance of occurrence of a warning flow event in Colatina increased significantly. Lastly, it is hoped that this article can support actions aimed at flood control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The climate works as an energy input to the watershed and plays the role of controlling and influencing various components of the dynamics socio-environmental of this spatial cutout. Thus, the present study aims to propose the climatic zoning of the study area and identify potential environmental problems arising from different climatic regimes. Were obtained the annual and monthly rain data of thirteen rain gauge stations along with the Paraná Institute of Water and the weather station Joaquim Távora, which belongs to the Agronomic Institute of Paraná, for the time segment from 1976 to 2012. The following methodologies were used: erosivity indices of Rufino, Biscaia and Merten (1993); Temperature estimates provided by the University of Delaware (2014); climatic water balance of Thornthwaite and Mather (1955). The climatic zoning made it possible to examine the relation between the climatic characteristics and the social-environmental components of the study area. The climate zone IV requires attention for presenting the highest rainfall erosivity besides the exposed soil, factors that evince the greatest vulnerability to erosion. The climate zona I presents significant occupancy of pastures and temporary crops, and the warning of the possibility of deficiency water demonstrates a vulnerability to these economic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Ambiência is the property of Revista Ambiencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias is the property of Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Geociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aimed to monitor the nitrogen compounds and total phosphorous in the Maringá Stream watershed in order to investigate the spatial and temporal variations in the water quality. For this, samplings were collected from seven sites during the period from October 2008 to September 2009. The results indicated the most critical stretches of water pollution with the inflow of the discharges from a sewage treatment plant of the city. Also it is important to highlight the influence of diffuse pollution coming from agricultural runoff and wastewater from fishing lakes, on the water quality.

The levels of metals in soils have increased gradually with the modernization of agriculture which has occurred in recent years. The human action performed by man in nature is the main cause of this phenomenon. On this basis, the present study’s aim is to evaluate changes in soil chemical properties due to different uses and occupations in the river basin of Vacacaí-Mirim. The technique used for analysis was EDXRF, where the values were spacialized with the aid of the software Surfer 10. Values for Barium ranged from the detection limit (DL) to 7,608.27 mg/kg -1 with an average of 1,286.71± 2,295.18 mg/kg-1, the concentration of Phosphorus ranged from DL to 2,327.02 mg/kg -1 with an average of 676.45±700.05 mg/kg-1, Manganese anged from DL to 5,533.51 mg/kg -1 with an average of 1,057.34 ±1,380.81 mg/kg-1, the values for Silicon ranged 229,114.70 to 832,568.70 mg/kg-1 with a mean of 696,134.25±144,950.56 mg/kg -1, Zinc concentration ranged from DL to 429.98 mg/kg-1 with an average of 145.725±123.78 mg/kg-1. Based on these results, it is possible to identify that the concentrations of the metals studied and the land use are closely linked, since concentrations are higher in areas that have agricultural uses, which require larger amounts of chemicals. Thus, it can be observed that the soils under the uses of rice, soybeans and pasture had greater influence on the concentration of the element barium, phosphorus, however, had most influence by the land use in pasture and soybeans.

A fragmentação florestal de origem antrópica é um dos resultados do processo desordenado de uso e ocupação do solo, especialmente em paisagens intensamente cultivadas. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho objetivou definir áreas prioritárias, para favorecer a conectividade entre os fragmentos florestais, visando ações de recuperação florestal na Bacia do Rio Pardo, SP, utilizando a abordagem multicriterial denominada Combinação Linear Ponderada.Na definição dos critérios e, posteriormente, dos pesos de fatores, empregou-se a Técnica Participatória. Os fatores considerados importantes ao objetivo do trabalho foram: proximidade entre fragmentos de maior área nuclear, proximidade da cobertura florestal, proximidade da rede hidrográfica, distância aos centros urbanos, declividade, erodibilidade do solo. Considerando que as variáveis que interferem na escolha de áreas prioritárias à restauração florestal na Bacia do Rio Pardo-SP contribuem com pesos diferenciados no processo final de decisão, estabeleceu-se uma hierarquia, de acordo com a importância de cada fator para a aptidão da área. O fator de maior peso foi proximidade entre fragmentos de maior área nuclear (0,3713), seguido de proximidade da cobertura florestal (0,1911), proximidade da rede hidrográfica (0,1516), distância aos centros urbanos (0,1168), declividade (0,0840) e erodibilidade (0,0854).O resultado obtido foi um mapa de áreas prioritárias, com cinco graus de prioridade. A priorização de áreas ocorreu de maneira a promover, primeiro a união dos fragmentos de floresta com maior área nuclear e, a partir dessa união, a sucessiva expansão dessas regiões de prioridade muito alta tendendo a muito baixa. A metodologia mostrou-se adequada ao mapeamento de áreas prioritárias à restauração florestal, em bacias hidrográficas. Uma vez que fragmentos com maiores áreas nucleares sejam conectados com fragmentos pequenos, onde estes são predominantes na paisagem, estes promoverão a formação de fragmentos maiores a partir da formação de corredores florestais e da recomposição da vegetação.Forest fragmentation of anthropogenic origin is one of the results promoted by the disorderly process of the land use and land cover, especially in intensively cultivated landscapes. In this context, this study aimed to define priority areas to facilitate connectivity among forest fragments, seeking forest recovery actions in the Pardo River Basin, SP, using the multicriteria approach (Weighted Linear Combination). The Participator Technique was used to define the criteria and the weights of the factors. The factors considered important to the objective of this study were the following: proximity between the fragments with greater nuclear areas, proximity to forest cover, proximity of the river system, distance to urban centers, slope, erodibility of soil. Whereas the variables that influence the selection of priority areas for forest restoration in the Pardo River Basin, SP contribute with different weights in the final decision process, a hierarchy according to the importance of each factor to the fitness area was established. The major factor was proximity among fragments of the largest nuclear area (0.3713), followed by proximity to forest cover (0.1911), proximity to the river system (0.1516), distance to urban centers (.1168) , slope (0.0840) and erodibility (0.0854). The result was a map of priority areas, with five classes of priority. The priority areas occurred in order to promote the first union of forest patches with greater nuclear area, and from this union, the successive expansion of these regions of very high priority tending to very low. The methodology was adequate to the mapping of priority areas for restoration in watersheds. Fragments with bigger nuclear areas, connected with small fragments where they are predominant in the landscape, promoting the formation of larger fragments from the formation of forest corridors and recompositon of vegetation.

Hydrosedimentary fluxes that run from agricultural plots down to the water streams are currently associated with many social, economic and environmental issues such as diffuse pollution, soil infertility, soil loss, floods, etc. While the genesis of these transfers are well-known at the scale of the agricultural plot, flow dynamics occurring on slopes remain poorly understood. This is especially the case in the small basins located in the north-western part of France, where the landscape mosaic, which includes linear networks (hedges, roads, ditches...), tends to complicate the processes. Analyzing the transfer conditions is important for a further integrated watershed management. Hence, in this paper, we propose to use a multi-agent system as a support decision tool to understand the role of anthropogenic linear networks on runoff pathways. We carried out a so-called bottom-up approach, to measure the effects of the local interactions between each linear element on the global hydrological behavior of the watershed. A first spatial analysis index, characterizing the impact of linear networks in the path of runoff, is constructed here from numerical simulations. The results of this study also tend to demonstrate the relevance of Multi-Agent Systems as diagnostic tools to the hydrosedimentary transfers and processes.