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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Palygoskite pellets were synthesized with lignin and WAX® and subjected to technological characterization for application in the remediation of Pb ions contained in aqueous effluents. X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization of the palygorskite:lignin:WAX® material in a proportion of 70:15:15 revealed that the heat treatment of the pellets did not compromise the crystalline structure of the palygoskite. Texture analyses demonstrated that the surface area increased after synthesis and heat treatment, thus increasing the adsorption capacity. Regarding porosity, X-ray microtomography revealed that the pellets exhibit an irregular and porous spherical morphology with interconnected pores. Adsorption tests showed a removal of 73% of PbII contained in aqueous effluents after 15 min, with equilibrium reached in 60 min (88.36%). After the adsorption process, the presence of lead in the material was qualitatively confirmed through scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) images. The produced pellets exhibit promising adsorbent qualities, such as strength and effective PbII ion adsorption.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Water Resources / Recursos Hídricos is the property of Associacao Portuguesa dos Recursos Hidricos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Production Engineering / Revista Brasileira de Engenharia de Produção is the property of Brazilian Journal of Production Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The business activity for wealth generation is the goal of any business and point of analysis of its viability in the costing of a project, when the return on investment remains an essential focus. This work evaluated the feasibility for environmental investment by the acquisition of a ETE - Effluent Treatment Station, when by normative requirements it is not allowed to discard the water used in the operational process in the sewage network without treatment. The re-use of treated water that generates savings in the consumption of drinking water is the basis for calculating the return on investment. In another analysis the consumer's awareness about the price of the product is discussed, which includes a portion destined to socio-environmental projects made feasible and disclosed in the financial statements. In this analysis the environmental accounting demonstrates the transparency showing how much the company is committed to the sustainability, without losing the viability of the investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clean water is essential for human health and the environment. Removing flakes during water treatment is crucial to eliminating suspended particles and contaminants. Optimum pH plays a key role in the efficiency of flocculation, allowing the formation of larger and denser flocs. Adjusting the pH correctly helps to neutralize the electrical charges of the particles and optimize the interaction between them. This results in more efficient removal of flakes and particles, improving the quality of the treated water. Aim: This study aims to determine the optimal pH for flocculation of water in Rio Cuiabá through the Jar Test. Methods: The Jar Test was used to determine the optimal pH of water flocculation in Rio Cuiabá, located in the city of Cuiabá - MT, Brazil. Water samples were mixed in 6 vials with different doses of coagulant, shaken and observed to identify the most effective dosage and pH. The test was carried out using two different coagulants: aluminum sulfate and polyaluminium chloride (PAC). Results and discussion: For the test with aluminum sulfate, the best pH values were found in flasks 4 to 6, where the pH was between 6.37 and 6.5, since, in these cases, the turbidity was almost null or null. In the case of PAC, the best pH was the neutral one, because at pH equal to 7.16 there was the lowest turbidity. Proper pH adjustment affected the efficiency of coagulation and flocculation, influencing the removal of suspended particles and the quality of treated water. The optimum pH promoted the formation of larger and denser flocs, improving particle removal efficiency. Water turbidity was also influenced by pH, and appropriate adjustments can facilitate particulate removal during coagulation and flocculation processes. Conclusions: The determination of the optimal flocculation pH is crucial to improve the quality of treated water, especially in relation to the removal of suspended particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chlorine, in the form of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), is widely used in water treatment to make it safe for human consumption. There are three main forms of chlorine: chlorine gas (Cl2), sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), and calcium hypochlorite. All are effective in water disinfection. Chlorine dosage is controlled to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms without exceeding safe limits for human consumption, aiming to avoid the use of excessive chlorine that can generate undesirable by-products. Measurement was carried out using DPD reagent to determine the concentration of free chlorine in the water. Aim: This work aims to facilitate the adjustment of chlorine dosage in water treatment, to reduce additional corrections. Methods: The Hach method 8021 was used to adjust chlorine dosage based on measurements of the interval between dosing pump pulsations and observed chlorine concentration. The concentration was adjusted from 1.68 mg/L to 1.20 mg/L. Additionally, the appropriate time for correct chlorine reading was determined, and the time needed for the corrected chlorine quantity to be observable in the system, adhering to the minimum limits set by legislation, was verified. Results: The adjustment of the initial chlorine concentration (1.66 mg/L) was carried out using the Hach method 8021, resulting in a stable concentration of approximately 1.19 mg/L. The desired dosage was 1.20 mg/L. The time required for correct chlorine measurement and observation of the corrected value was approximately 40 minutes. The use of the script allowed achieving a result 99.2% close to the planned value with just one adjustment. Discussion: The proper use of chlorine in water treatment is essential to ensure the safety and quality of supply. This research emphasized the need for careful monitoring of chlorine dosage, requiring time and accurate analysis of representative samples. The application of the developed script brought significant benefits, ensuring satisfactory disinfection and preventing overdosing issues. The results showed high efficacy and time savings, enhancing treatment efficiency and economic advantages. Moreover, the script reduced paper usage in calculations, promoting environmental sustainability. Conclusions: The script for adjusting the chlorine dosage used in water treatment made the operation more practical and efficient, with a user-friendly interface and accurate results achieved faster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food industries, due to their production processes, can generate effluents that, when discarded without proper treatment, can contaminate receiving bodies. This assumption leads to the need to study technologies, aiming to minimize possible environmental impacts. The present research aims to evaluate the treatability of effluents from the coconut oil industry through adsorption, using coconut fiber as a bioadsorbent material. This is an applied study, based on the experimental method on a bench scale. The parameters pH, Temperature, Turbidity, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Chlorides, Ammonia and Total Phosphorus were analyzed, both for the raw effluent and for the treatment. The results showed that the effluent generated in the coconut oil industry has acidic characteristics, high turbidity and high concentration of chlorides. On the other hand, the results of the treatability tests reveal that coconut fiber can be used as a bioadsorbent for the treatability of effluents from the coconut oil industry, having achieved an average of 97.4% turbidity reduction, 83.3% reduction in COD, 81.6% reduction in chlorides, 63.9% reduction in total phosphorus and 40.4% reduction in ammonia. It was possible to adapt turbidity standards and improve the concentrations of COD, total phosphorus and ammonia in the effluent, reducing the risks of environmental contamination. pH and chloride levels remained outside the legislated emission standards. Treatability tests make it possible to treat effluents from this industry, meeting most of the legislated disposal limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effluents originating from agribusiness represent a significant challenge in the context of environmental management due to the presence of high concentrations of nutrients and contaminants. In view of this problem, wetlands have been the object of studies as a sustainable and effective alternative for their treatment. The objective of this study was to carry out a prospection of studies on the subject, focused on the application of Wetlands for the treatment of agricultural effluents. For the survey, the Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct databases using descriptors were used, for refined searches of the last ten years (2013-2023). The bibliographic search revealed a significant variation in the number of articles in the Scopus, Web of Science (WoS) and ScienceDirect databases when applying selection criteria. ScienceDirect presented a higher number of articles in different surveys. The choice of database had an influence on the availability of information. Regarding the quantification of studies by country, ScienceDirect did not show feasibility, so the results were based on the other databases, Scopus and Web of Science. Among the countries highlighted when exploring related research, South Africa and India stand out. On the other hand, the results for Brazil were scarce, suggesting an opportunity for national research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work aimed to implement the reuse of water after the treatment of industrial effluents from a slaughterhouse and slaughterhouse, through the projection of reuse fronts, aiming at socio-environmental sustainability in the area of influence of the activity, with the following steps being carried out : preparation of a plan for the implementation of post-treatment effluent reuse points; installation of infrastructure for the redistribution of treated effluent on reuse fronts; laboratory analysis of effluents before, during and after treatment; application of internal audit and elaboration/ provision of Environmental Report. The gravity drip irrigation proposal is presented in the infrastructural, georeferential map, and meteorological factors, in the direct and indirect influences of the industrial plant, and the water balance of general liquid effluents was a requirement for reuse action on the property, resulting in fertirrigation, and Applied the type of irrigation as a viable installation model, minimal labor, low cost, and useful in rural and urban areas, adapting to a fl at or sloping profile, taking advantage of gravity for distribution. The equalization of the effluent after treatment proposes the quality of the product, raising awareness about the proper destination of said effluents, being important on fronts that do not require drinking water, avoiding waste, having a vision of socio-environmental sustainability, and through controls and monitoring the indicators meet compliance with the standards of relevant laws and regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the use of Nb2O5 and rock dust was evaluated as photocatalysts in the discoloration of synthetic effluent. The materials were used alone in their pure form and also combined, by wet impregnation, in different proportions to identify whether their synergy would positively affect the discoloration. Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, N2 Adsorption and Desorption and Photoacoustic Spectroscopy were used to characterize the materials. The pure materials proved to be excellent photocatalysts in the experimental tests, however, the mixture of rock powder with Nb2O5 impaired the efficiency in the discoloration of the CI Yellow Basic 96 dye. The characterization of photoacoustic spectroscopy indicated that the combination of materials altered the absorption, compromising its catalytic action. Despite this, both materials, when used alone, achieved high discoloration (PR: 85%, Nb2O5: 97%), highlighting their potential in the treatment of effluents containing dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since wastewater treatment is of great interest to society, it is important to develop techniques that perform this treatment by removing pollutants such as dyes, pesticides, and metals. In this context, adsorption stands out as a promising method in the treatment of effluents, allied to this, as polymeric membranes considerably improve the ability to remove pollutants. Carbon-based additives, such as graphene oxide, have been used in the area of adsorption because they are an adsorbent capable of removing metallic ions and dyes. Thus, it is interesting to carry out studies of the polystyrene polymer with graphene oxide, aiming at the production of adsorbent membranes. To this end, the production of polystyrene was first analyzed, with graphene oxide added to the polymer matrix in the future. Thus, polystyrene microfibers were produced using the electrospinning technique and analyzed morphologically using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). With the help of ImageJ and OriginPro 8.5 software, a histogram of the frequency distribution of microfiber diameters and the normal curve was created. Through the results obtained, it was observed that there was the production of microfibers with considerable morphology, as fibers with beads and agglomerates were not observed.. From the histogram, it was noted that the microfibers had an average diameter of 5.73 μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is a strategic resource for mining, especially in the processing of ores. Thus, the best use of this resource, including its reuse, is paramount given its scarcity and environmental restrictions. However, the reuse of water, mainly in flotation, can reduce its efficiency, due to the presence of ions dissolved in it. In this sense, the aim was to obtain better quality water through coagulation, flocculation and dissolved air flotation (DAF), in order to enable its reuse. To develop this work, a factorial design was carried out to evaluate the treatment of reuse water, with this, a better quality treated water was obtained, which could be used in apatite flotation. As a result, 66.4% of calcium (Ca2+) and 91.6% of magnesium (Mg2+) were removed, making it a technical solution for treating this effluent, whether for reuse in apatite flotation or for the return to the sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Saúde is the property of Revista Saude and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Diversitas Journal is the property of Diversitas Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Brazil suffers from a lack of basic sanitation in many regions, intensified in the Amazon region due to its difficult access. The application of natural coagulants is a promising alternative since it eliminates the use of chemicals, is a simple, low-cost method that is easy to reproduce, and is accessible to any community, thus promoting health and environmental improvements. On the other hand, the use of chemical coagulants can cause harm to the environment and human health. Aim: Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the coagulation effect of a species of Amazonian cactus applied in the treatment of water for human consumption. Methods: For the study, about 500 grams of the aerial part of the Cereus jamacaru was collected on the banks of the BR 174 in the region of Roraima. The spines were removed in the laboratory, the plant material was washed, cut to a thickness, dried in an oven at 60 °C for 36 hours, then ground and sieved until obtaining a powder, which was tested as a natural coagulant. The water used in the study was collected from the Branco River in Boa Vista, Roraima, and characterized its initial turbidity. Results: The dosage of 0.2g of the natural cactus coagulant showed a significant reduction in the turbidity of the study water, leaving it within the potability standards established for groundwater. Discussion: Coagulation in the sanitary context is evidenced by the removal of microscopic particles associated with pathogenic microorganisms, normally found in raw water and with very low sedimentation speed. Replacing polluting chemical substances with natural coagulants in the treatment of water for human consumption contributes to the quality of life. Conclusion: The Amazonian cactus Cereus jamacaru demonstrated coagulation efficiency for analyzing the turbidity parameter of water for human consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The textile industry causes several environmental impacts, and the largest portion of synthetic dyes manufactured worldwide is destined for textile production. Only 50 to 70% of the amount of dyes applied is fixed in the textile materials, configuring a major problem of pollution and waste. Thus, new methods for the treatment of these residuary waters are being developed, focusing on an efficient removal of dyes. The development of this work aims to broaden the discussion and deepen the technological alternatives for the treatment of textile effluents from a bibliometric survey, using the software VOSviewer. The research revealed an emphasis on treatments based on adsorption, advanced oxidative processes and bioremediation. Furthermore, with regard to the countries of origin of the publications, a leadership from India was observed, which is among the largest textile producers in the world. Consequently, it is concluded that the results obtained contribute to a comprehensive and consistent view regarding the theme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to evaluate the self-cleaning capacity of the Meia Ponte river, in the urban stretch of Goiânia, in the dry and rainy periods of the years 2020 and 2021, respectively. For the simulation of the self-purification process, the Streeter-Phelps Model was used to analyze the behavior of dissolved oxygen and the biochemical oxygen demand. The collection points were established downstream of three domestic sewage treatment stations, whose treated effluents are discharged into the aforementioned water body. With the results, it was observed that the river performs the self-purification with greater efficiency in the rainy season, except in the last investigated stretch. In the dry season this capacity is reduced and none of the stretches reached the minimum limit for dissolved oxygen established by the legislation for Class 2 freshwater, and the river would require at least 25 km in both samplings to stabilize the organic matter. In the dry period, stretches 2 and 3 stood out for presenting concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the mixture of the river and the effluent below 2.0 mg/L. Therefore, it was possible to verify the need to increase the efficiency of the treatment of effluents, in addition to greater inspection and monitoring of other sources of pollution in the river, especially those located in the urban perimeter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gestão e Sociedade is the property of Revista Gestao e Sociedade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dairy activity is one of the main sectors in Brazilian agribusiness from the economic and social point of view. Current study intends to contribute towards an analysis of environmental parameters in the formation of sustainable profiles of dairy farms. Lowest environmental rates were due to inadequate management of solid and liquid wastes, soil in the permanent preservation area and evidence of erosion. The planning of financial resources and the construction of covered dung deposits are mitigating measures on environmental impacts for the correct treatment of waste prior to its application in the soil, treatment of water for consumption and gradual re-composition of permanent preservation areas and control of erosion. Correct final deposit and the treatment of wastes from dairies should be strategies concomitantly employed with storage of packages of all products used on the farm. Farm planning is highly important for the success and the growth of sustainability in dairy activities. Adequacies with regard to planning of dairy activities and their wastes should be given priority to increase environmental indexes and make the agricultural activity more sustainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nova Economia is the property of Nova Economia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this researchwas to evaluate the effects of different irrigation frequencies on the development of açaizeiro seedlings in the municipality of Capitão Poço - PA. The experiment were conducted in a greenhouse of the Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Campus Capitão Poço - Pará, under a completely randomized design (DIC), with 5 replicates and 6 water treatments: F1 - irrigation frequency of 12 hours in 12 hours, F2 - irrigation frequency every 24 hours, F3 - irrigation frequency 36 in 36 hours, F4 - irrigation frequency 48 in 48 hours, F5 - irrigation frequency every 60 hours and F6- irrigation frequency every 72 hours. Each experimental unit was composed of two plants, making 60 plants. The experiment was conducted for 5 months, from July 27 to December 27, 2016. The variables: plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves did not present statistical difference for the different irrigation frequencies during the evaluation periods, as well as the parameters of fresh and dry biomass for the several organs of the plants. Thus, under the conditions in which the experiment was carried out, as the irrigation frequencies did not influence the development of açai seedlings of the cultivar BRS Pará. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Organizações e Sustentabilidade is the property of Organizacoes e Sustentabilidade / PPGA-UEL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The reuse of industrial waste from different processes, such as fertilizer or mineral supplement constitute sustainable disposal alternatives. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of using Animal Supplement Residue (RSA) in different granulometries as a component of the substrate of sunflower seedlings submitted to drought stress conditions. To obtain different particle sizes, four sieves with stainless steel mesh were used: 1 mm; 0.500 mm; 0.250 mm and 0.105 mm. The experimental design was completely randomized arranged in a factorial arrangement 2x6, being two water treatments (with and without irrigation for 3 days) and six types of substrates: (1: 100% in volume of sand; 2: Sand + commercial humus at 100% of the recommendation of 80 kg of N ha-1; 3: Sand + RSA 1 mm; 4: Sand + RSA 0.500 mm; 5: Sand + RSA 0.250 mm and 6: Sand + RSA 0.105 mm). Evaluating the growth variables (dry mass of the aerial part, of the root and total), as well as, measuring up the activities of the antioxidative enzymes [Catalase (CAT), Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX), Guaiacol Peroxidase (GPX) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)]. The use of animal supplement residue (RSA), with granulometry of 0.500 mm in soil fertilization, promotes the minimization of environmental impacts generated by inadequate disposal and causes cost reduction with traditional fertilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main counterpoints in effluent treatment methodologies is related to its high slug production rates. However, it may be a value-added product since it may be used as biofertilizer and organic matter with relevant calorific rates. Current study evaluates the physical, chemical and microbiological parameters of slug derived from swine effluent (SE) anaerobic biodigestion from a full-cycle technical pig farm. Forty slug samples were collected in a 30-day period, and the samples were evaluated at the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo - São Roque (IFSP-SRQ) and at the Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). The physical and chemical parameters of pH, total, fixed and volatile solids (TS, FS and VS), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and Carbon/Nitrogen (C/N) ratio, microbiological parameters of total and thermotolerant coliforms (TC and TT) and high calorific power of slug (PCS) were analyzed. Results showed pH remained within alkalinity, ranging between 8.16 and 8.3; ST varied between 21.12% and 44.91%; FS varied between 41.93% and 71.92%; SV ranged between 28.08% and 54.07%; TN varied between 0.49 mg/g and 1.1mg/g; TP varied between 0.47 mg/g and 0.7mg/g, C/N (percentage) varied between 26.9 and 42.04, revealing the slug´s potential as a biofertilizer. PCS of the slug varied between 6,919 MJ/kgST when at a lower granulometry and 11,663 MJ/kgST at higher granulometry. The above revealed a capacity for energy biomass, similar to slugs from different derivations. In the case of TT, low counts of these microorganisms were detected and, consequently, a positive result from the sanitary point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It may be estimated that 80% of residues generated on Brazilian shores come from the green coconut shell. Decrease in the residues will be the result of finding alternatives for their disposal, or rather, applying the circular economy (CE) which aims at disrupting the linear traditional economic model of extraction, transformation and waste for a model in which all types of materials are made to recycle efficiently to be replaced in production with loss of quality. Current qualitative research aims at recuperating practices adopted by agents and to dispose of the residues of green coconuts by applying CE. A descriptive research was carried out, with a qualitative approach, by a systematic review of the literature. Practices used by several agents that meet what is recommended by EC were identified, especially reuse, optimization, recycling and regeneration. The above shows that the supply chain of green coconut is contributing and evolving to adopt sustainable practices, breaking with the traditional linear model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microalgae are presented as a potential raw material for several products, given their varied intracellular compositions, covering sectors such as food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industries. In the context of integrated biorefineries, they can contribute to increasing the environmental sustainability of certain processes, an example being the possibility of effluent treatment and subsequent use of the obtained biomass for production of biofuels and/or biofertilizers, encompassing also the bioeconomy concept, due to the improvement of the economic viability of these processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the conditions of microalgal cultivation of Spirulina platensis and Scenedesmus obliquus in consortium, with and without addition of bovine culture effluent from bovine manure biodigestion, can influence the chemical composition of biomass regarding carbohydrates and proteins. Furthermore, the concentrations of total phosphorus and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) in the culture media were analyzed, in order to verify whether microalgal cultures contribute to the valuation of the effluent through the use of its nutrients for biomass generation. The addition of effluent at a concentration of 10% did not significantly influence the chemical composition of the biomass regarding carbohydrates and proteins, when compared to cultivation without the addition of effluent. There was no reduction in the concentrations of total phosphorus and COD in the culture medium added with effluent, since the effluent was added periodically. The biomass obtained could be applied for the production of biofertilizers and biogas, however it could not be applied for the production of bioethanol, due to the chemical composition of proteins and carbohydrates observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pesticides are chemicals vastly used in the agricultural sector, divided into pesticides, insecticides, and fungicides. Brazil is among the first places in the use of pesticides and, it is inadequate handling, as well as its intensive use, can cause negative impacts on the environment and human health. Pesticides are classified among the emerging pollutants, which are persistent and toxic chemical compounds. The present work evaluated the removal, by the membrane of reverse osmosis, of three different solutions of pesticides used in the processing of seed washing. The effect of operating pressure on permeate flow and membrane rejection was studied. The response variables were: pH, turbidity and rejection of pesticides by the membrane. The quantification and identification of pesticides present in the solutions were carried out using high-efficiency gas chromatography coupled to a mass detector. The system showed good results regarding the rejection of pesticides, ranging from 98.78% to 99% under conditions of pressures of 580 kPa and temperature of 25°C. About pH and turbidity, the effect of pressure did not change significantly. Concerning the permeate flow, significant variation was obtained, thus the increase in pressure affected the increase of rejection and flow. With the achievement of high values for the removal of pesticides, the separation system with reverse osmosis can be considered an alternative treatment for water and wastewater treatment companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fly ash of coal, generated in a thermoelectric plant, was used to synthesize zeolite by hydrothermal treatment with a sodium hydroxide solution. The zeolite synthesized was used as an adsorbent of metals (Fe and Mn) and of the methylene blue dye in water. The characterization of the zeolite showed that silicon oxide is the main compound in its composition, followed by aluminum, iron, sodium and calcium, which together correspond to more than 86% of its composition. These were used to investigate the kinetic parameters of adsorption and the isotherm of the metals and the methylene blue dye in aqueous solutions. Three kinetic models, pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion were used to predict adsorption rate constants. The adsorption kinetics of the dye and metals followed the pseudo-second order kinetics and reached equilibrium in 15 minutes with a 99% removal rate for metals, independently of the pH. The values of the diffusion constants (K2) for iron in pH 5, 7 and 8 were 1.3158; 1.3881 e 0.6053 mg.g-1.min-1 and for manganese 1.2511; 1.5239 and 1.4336 mg.g-1.min-1, respectively. For methylene blue, the removal rate was 90% and the constant (K2) value was 0.5437 mg.g-1.min-1. The studies showed the existence of different stages in the adsorption of the metals and the methylene blue dye in zeolite.

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI is the property of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Activated carbon (CA) is a carbon-based material with a well-developed internal porous structure and large surface area. It is a very popular adsorbent used for water and wastewater treatment. Brazil is the third largest beer producer in the world, due to the large amount of waste generated by this industrial branch several alternatives are propose for the use of waste, one of them is the production of CA with the bagasse of malt. To evaluate malt bagasse as a precursor for CA it was compared to other agro-industrial residues that are used as precursors for CA, such as the residue from coffee production and orange peel, the type of physical and chemical activation for obtaining CA and the adsorption capacity were also compared, phenomenon physical chemical in which the component of a gaseous or liquid phase is transferred to a solid surface, the components that join a solid phase are called adsorbates and the component that retains the liquid phase is called adsorbent (CA). Malt bagasse as a precursor to CA has proven to be a promising alternative because of the results achieved compared to other agroindustrial wastes and because it is a cheap and resource-intensive alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electroflocculation is a technique for liquid effluent treatment that has been widely used due to simplicity in operation and to the possibility of application in different types of effluents. This study aimed to evaluate the electroflocculation treatment efficiency, monitoring and controlling an effluent automatically from the textile industry, also considering a feasibility study to photovoltaic generation application. The electrofloculation tests were performed with raw effluent, in a batch reactor containing aluminum electrodes and glass vat. Sensors and a microcontroller make up the electronic system, which monitors and controls voltage, temperature, and time variables and also processes and sends the data to the computer. The tests consist of applying 1 and 2A current in a 3 liters volume taking aliquots in 5, 10, 15 min. The parameters analyzed were: pH, conductivity, turbidity, Chemical Oxygen Demand, and absorbance sweep in 200 to 800 nm range. The samples presented in the visible region a band with the maximum absorbance at 670nm; thus, it was decided to evaluate the system at this wavelength. The results of the electroflocculation tests showed that the best removal of turbidity, COD, and absorbance at 670nm occurred in the conditions of 2A/10min, with average efficiency above 70%. A photovoltaic system was projected to meeting the demand for the energy electroflocculation system, whose analysis found that the best strategy is connecting the photovoltaic system to the electric power grid. Through financial simulation, It was identified as a significant energy-saving which offsets costs related to system installation. In conclusion, the system developed is efficient in textile effluent treatment and that the photovoltaic system meets the demand for energy from the electroflocculation system, ensuring project sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Swine breeding generates liquid effluents contaminated by aggressive substances in the environment. The sector is associated with great effluent production that provides high loads of contaminants, strong colors and disagreeable smell. Effluent is characterized by water with high concentrations of organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and fecal coliforms. These effluents are generally treated by conventional biological processes which are frequently inefficient. Current assay evaluates the efficiency of the electro-coagulation-flotation process (EFC) in the treatment of effluents generated by swine abattoirs to improve the system's operational parameters. For one year, samples were collected monthly at the entrance of the treatment station of abattoir effluents. Effluents underwent ECF lab assays with an electrochemical reactor coupled to aluminum electrode, with a variety of time exposure (0-60 min), current (1 - 5 A) and the reactor's electric capacity (0 - 24 V). Result show that the electrocoagulation-flotation process is efficient to remove contaminants in the crude effluent of the red line of swine abattoir. Mean efficiency in the removal of contaminants was significant. A mean 97% reduction in turbidity occurred; 94% in color; 89% in DQO; 90% in BOD; 88.5% in phosphorus; 88% in nitrogen; 58% in oils and fatty acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abattoir effluents have a great pollution capacity and require treatment to comply with current standards. Anaerobic digestion is a viable option for the residue since it needs a small space for its implementation, energy production, low sludge production. Current study monitored an anaerobic lake and estimated the capacity of biogas production in the treatment of effluent generated by the fowl abattoir in the western region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Collection sites comprised the lake entrance and exit, with a total of 20 samples, collected in alternate days, between September and October 2016. Analyses comprised temperature of the liquid, pH, DQO, ST and SV. Data underwent descriptive statistics and application of quality statistic control with Shewhart graph for individual measurements. Mean daily discharge and estimated removed organic load as a function of total DQO in the anaerobic lake were employed to estimate the capacity of methane and biogas production. Most variables had high variability, probably caused by inconstancy in the laying down of fowls and operational problems in the physical and chemical treatment system that precedes the anaerobic lake. Shewhart's control graphs are a good alternative in the monitoring of effluent treatment since they permit the visualization of changes and mistakes in the process and thus in the detection of flaws. If the mean volumetric production of methane is 3225.61 m³ day-1, mean theoretical volume of biogas produced will be 4608.02 m3 day-1. The above may be an alternative source of energy for fowl abattoir and the reduction of gas emission into the atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In hemodialysis, which is the filtering of blood impurities by a mechanical therapeutic process to which people with loss of renal function are subjected, a large quantity of water is used, which should be ideally pure, free of any contaminating agents. In Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil, the hemodialysis unit has 21 machines to perform the sessions and serves 83 patients. This research aimed to assess the quality of hemodialysis water at the Regional Hospital of Ilha Solteira, by comparing the characteristics presented, and the current physical-chemical and bacteriological parameters of the water used in the treatment of renal patients, in addition to observing whether the legal aspects are being complied with. The methodology used was exploratory-descriptive research with search for bibliographic and documentary information focusing on laws and standards related to water treatment for hemodialysis and collection of microbiological and physical-chemical data in the hemodialysis sector records of the hospital studied, from January to December 2017. For data collection, four sample points were defined for analysis. The data obtained met the standard for the parameter of heterotrophic bacteria. No impurities were detected in the water observed, including thermotolerant coliforms. The physical-chemical results showed values compatible with the legislation and indicated a good functioning of the reverse osmosis membrane, avoiding complications to patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Exacta is the property of Exacta - Engenharia de Producao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Natural coagulants are natural compounds, such as seeds, mucilage and other compounds based or not based on plants, which have the ability to remove contaminants from water, sewage and effluents. Its use has a strong environmental, economic and social appeal, especially because these are compounds easily found in nature, such as moringa, okra and cactus, and therefore cheap, increasing the quality of life of society and mitigating damage/environmental impact. The aim of this review was to present the different types of natural coagulants, their respective uses and characteristics. This research was elaborated through search in the specialized literature, with about 160 researched articles and 38 effectively used, a research that focuses on discussing the benefits of natural coagulants against chemical coagulants, as well as the implications of different types of natural coagulants in the treatment of water, wastewater and sewage. It was found that the issues involving research on natural coagulants are an environmentally friendly, inexpensive way and an objective to be achieved, given the great demand for water and effluent treatment that occur around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrially, water can be used at different steps, such as incorporation into the product, washing machines, pipes, floors, among others. With the need to control effluents before being released to water bodies, according to Brazilian legislation, it is necessary to treat industrial effluents. In this sense, industrial wastewater treatment plants must monitor the quality standards established by laws in relation to industrial effluent, to meet the restrictions and limits imposed by the environmental license. Often the control of the station is done through several spreadsheets and reports in an individualized and non-systematized way. The objective of this work is the production of a statistical tool capable of analyzing, through the indirect measurement of organic matter present in the effluent, the efficiency of an industrial effluent treatment station in relation to BOD and COD, using a condominium case study. of food industries in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The methodology was based on the application of a statistical tool using the EXCEL® software, through the following steps: imputation of the original data, exploratory descriptive analysis, application of control charts, analysis of the station's efficiency, production of low efficiency alert, presentation results and generating a final report. As a conclusion, the result was favorable in relation to the objectives of the work, allowing the user to have, in just one program, the compilation of indirect analyzes of organic matter and generation of the station's efficiency. In relation to the case study, the station showed efficiency above 97% on all analyzed days. Below 98% there were four BOD results and one COD result. The system identified the date of these analyzes, as well as filtered the results themselves, reaching the proposed objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saúde e Sociedade is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Saude Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The textile industry can cause serious environmental impacts due to the wastewater generated in its operations involving dyes, many of which have carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. The advanced oxidative processes, especially those based on the Fenton reaction (Fe2+ + H2O2 → Fe3+ + HO- + HO·), have been highlighted as an alternative for the treatment of textile effluents. These processes are based on the generation and action of free radicals, such as the radical HO·, for the degradation of organic pollutants. As these effluents can present more than one dye, the present work evaluated the influence of Methylene Blue dye in the decolorization of other dyes by Fenton processes (Fe2+/H2O2, Fe3+/H2O2). The decolorization tests were carried out over 60 min and monitored by spectrophotometry. With basis on the decolorization data, kinetic models (zero-, first-, second-orders, BMG) were analyzed to verify if the Methylene Blue has pro- or antioxidant properties. It was found that Methylene Blue promoted an increase in the decolorization of Phenol Red and Safranin T, little influence on Methyl Orange, while the decolorization of Cromotrope 2R was diminished. In general, the kinetic model that best fit the experimental data was the 2nd order. The BMG model fitted well to Fe2+-catalyzed reactions, whereas those containing initially Fe3+ the zero- and 1st-order models also showed good adjustments. Except for Cromotrope 2R, increases in kinetic parameter values were observed due to the addition of AM mediator dye. These results demonstrate that a dye can enhance, or even decrease, the degradation of other dyes by Fenton-based processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]