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Abstract Objective To assess the daily dietary intake and energy contribution of ultraprocessed foods among women who are positive and negative for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during pregnancy. Methods This case-control study included 77 HIV-positive and 79 HIV-negative puerperal women between 2015 and 2016. The socioeconomic and maternal demographic data were assessed, and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) adapted for pregnant women was applied. The Fisher exact test and the Mann-Whitney test were applied to detect differences between the groups. Linear regression was used to assess the associations between the intake of ultra-processed food and energy, macro- and micronutrients, with values of p < 0.05 considered significant. Results The HIV-positive group was older (p< 0.001) and had lower income (p= 0.016) and level of schooling (p< 0.001) than the HIV-negative group. Both groups presented similar average food intake: 4,082.99 Kcal/day and 4,369.24 Kcal/day for the HIV-positive and HIV-negative women respectively (p= 0.258).The HIV-positive group consumed less protein (p= 0.048), carbohydrates (p= 0.028) and calcium(p= 0.001), andmore total fats (p= 0.003). Ultra-processed foods accounted for 39.80% and 40.10% of the HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups’ caloric intake respectively (p= 0.893). The intake of these foods was associated with a higher consumption of carbohydrates (p < 0.001), trans fat (p= 0.013) and sodium (p< 0.001), as well as lower protein (p < 0.001) and fiber intake (p= 0.022). Conclusion These findings demonstrate that the energy consumption and ultraprocessed food intake were similar in both groups, which reinforces the trend toward a high intake of ultra-processed food in the general population. The intake of ultraprocessed food was positively associated with the consumption of carbohydrates, trans fat and sodium, and negatively associated with the consumption of protein and fiber.

Abstract Objective Different intrauterine environments may influence the maternal prepregnancy body weight (BW) variation up to 6 months postpartum. The objective of the present study was to verify the association of sociodemographic, obstetric, nutritional, and behavioral factors with weight variation in women divided into four groups: hypertensive (HM), diabetic (DM), smokers (SM), and control mothers (CM). Methods It was a convenience sample of 124 postpartum women recruited from 3 public hospitals in the city of Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, between 2011 and 2016.Multiple linear regressions and generalized estimating equations (GEE) were conducted to identify the factors associated with maternal weight variation. For all GEE, the maternal weight measurements were adjusted for maternal height, parity, educational level, and the type of delivery, and 3 weight measurements (prepregnancy, preceding delivery, and 15 days postpartum) were fixed. Results A hierarchical model closely associated the maternal diagnosis of hypertension and a prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) classified as overweight with maternal weight gain measured up to the 6th month postpartum (the difference between the maternal weight at 6months postpartum and the prepregnancy weight). These results showed that the BW of the HM group and of overweight women increased ~ 5.2 kg 6 months postpartum, compared with the other groups. Additionally, women classified as overweight had a greater BW variation of 3.150 kg. Conclusion This evidence supports the need for specific nutritional guidelines for gestational hypertensive disorders, as well as great public attention for overweight women in the fertile age.

Abstract: We verified the prevalence of adequacy in prenatal care considering nutritional assistance and associated factors. It is a cross-sectional study, part of Maternar Cohort Study, conducted between 2018-2019 in Southern Brazil. Women were interviewed during hospitalization in the immediate postpartum period and data were collected from the prenatal chart. Prenatal adequacy and nutritional care were assessed according to criteria from the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Two outcome models were constructed. Outcome 1 consisted of minimal coverage (early prenatal start and minimum number of visits) and exams, and Outcome 2 comprised minimal coverage, exams, and nutritional assistance. Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios. A total of 802 women were analyzed, and we identified 57% of adequacy of Outcome 1. Unplanned pregnancy (PR = 0.76; 95%CI: 0.68-0.86), parity (PR = 0.88; 95%CI: 0.83-0.94) and prenatal care outside Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State (PR = 0.80; 95%CI: 0.69-0.92), were associated with lower prenatal adequacy frequencies. Outcome 2 was considered adequate for 10.2% of women. Follow-up by different professionals during prenatal care was associated with lower adequacy (PR = 0.49; 95%CI: 0.28-0.86). Women with high-risk pregnancies had a higher frequency of adequacy in Outcome 1 (PR = 1.21; 95%CI: 1.07-1.37) and in Outcome 2 (PR = 1.75; 95%CI: 1.16-2.64). General adequacy was considered low in both outcomes. There was a lack of nutritional assistance during prenatal care. Characteristics such as pregnancy planning, lower parity, prenatal care in Porto Alegre, follow-up by the same professional and high-risk pregnancy were predictors for the adequacy of prenatal care.

Introdução: A associação entre depressão e fatores de risco cardiovascular é recorrente. O aumento de risco em deprimidos está relacionado à fatores como obesidade, sedentarismo, dislipidemia, alcoolismo e tabagismo. O objetivo desse trabalho foi identificar a presença de fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares em pacientes com quadro de depressão internados em um hospital do sul do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal que envolveu adultos de ambos os sexos internados por episódio depressivo. O estado nutricional foi avaliado pelas medidas antropométricas de peso, altura e circunferência da cintura. Um questionário foi aplicado englobando perfil sociodemográfico, histórico familiar de doenças, consumo de produtos de tabaco e de álcool, atividade física, além do questionário autoaplicável para medida da severidade da depressão. Para avaliação do risco cardiovascular global, foi calculado o escore de Framingham. O teste qui-quadrado de Pearson (χ2) foi utilizado para testar a associação entre as variáveis categóricas, considerando o nível de significância qunando p ≤ 0,05 e IC95%. Resultados: Foram avaliados 54 indivíduos, predominantemente mulheres (n = 32), com idade média de 40,2 ± 10,8 anos. A depressão foi classificada como grave na maioria dos pacientes (n = 29). A hipercolesterolemia isolada associou-se positivamente ao escore de depressão leve. Sedentarismo e sobrepeso/obesidade estiveram presentes (81,5% e 66,7%). Percentual de risco obtido por meio do escore de Framingham foi encontrado em 42,9% dos indivíduos. Depressão leve associou-se positivamente aos pacientes com magreza/eutrofia. Conclusões: Diversos fatores de risco cardiovascular foram encontrados, alertando para a importância do cuidado integral da saúde do paciente e avaliação destes indicadores. Palavras-chave: Depressão; doenças cardiovasculares; fatores de risco; dislipidemias

Objective: To identify and describe the eating practices of children from zero to two years of age admitted to a university hospital in Porto Alegre-RS. Methods: The dietary practices of 261 children were identified by an instrument composed of questions that analyze attributes, components and markers of complementary feeding. The variables were expressed as percentage and absolute value, mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range. Results: Exclusive breastfeeding up to six months was present in 25.3% of the sample, with a median duration of 45 days, and the introduction of complementary feeding was started at an appropriate time (six to seven months) in 57%. Among children who had already started complementary feeding through fruit porridge or main meal (n= 128), the median age of introduction was 5 (4-6) months. Regarding adequacy, food sources of vitamin A and iron were present in 83.6% of the children, and 62.5% consumed all food groups. Consistency of food was adequate in 52.3%. The consumption of ultra-processed foods was present in the diet of 60.2% of the children. Conclusions: Low prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding, early introduction of complementary feeding and high frequency of ultra-processed foods were observed. The identified improper eating practices can compromise the health of the child, and it is important to take actions to promote breastfeeding and the adequate introduction of complementary feeding. DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2019.43304

Objetivos:estudar a retenção de peso em mulheres nos primeiros três meses pós-parto e sua correlação com ganho de peso gestacional (GPG) e consumo alimentar.Métodos:estudo de coorte com 61 mulheres. Aplicou-se: Questionário de Frequência Alimentar (QFA), Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) e questionário referente à amamentação e dados antropométricos. Realizaram-se avaliações entre 24 e 48 horas pós-parto, 7, 15, 30 e 90 dias. A retenção de peso deu-se pela subtração entre peso aos três meses pós-parto e peso pré-gestacional. Os testes estatísticos usados foram: correlações de Pearson e Spearman, teste t de Student, de comparação múltipla com ajuste de Bonferroni e regressão linear.Resultados:a média de idade foi 28±7,0 anos, com medianas: de consumo alimentar diário na gestação de 3.670,3 kcal, GPG de 12,0 kg e retenção de peso nos primeiros três meses de 3,2 Kg. Observou-se associação significativa entre retenção de peso nos primeiros três meses pós-parto e o GPG (p

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the design, methods and sample characteristics of the Multidimensional Evaluation and Treatment of Anxiety in Children and Adolescents - the PROTAIA Project. METHOD: Students between 10 and 17 years old from all six schools belonging to the catchment area of the Primary Care Unit of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre were included in the project. It comprises five phases: (1) a community screening phase; (2) a psychiatric diagnostic phase; (3) a multidimensional assessment phase evaluating environmental, neuropsychological, nutritional, and biological factors; (4) a treatment phase, and (5) a translational phase. RESULTS: A total of 2,457 subjects from the community were screened for anxiety disorders. From those who attended the diagnostic interview, we identified 138 individuals with at least one anxiety disorder (apart from specific phobia) and 102 individuals without any anxiety disorder. Among the anxiety cases, generalized anxiety disorder (n = 95; 68.8%), social anxiety disorder (n = 57; 41.3%) and separation anxiety disorder (n = 49; 35.5%) were the most frequent disorders. CONCLUSION: The PROTAIA Project is a promising research project that can contribute to the knowledge of the relationship between anxiety disorders and anxiety-related phenotypes with several genetic and environmental risk factors.OBJETIVO: o objetivo deste estudo é descrever o desenho, os métodos e as características amostrais da Avaliação Multidimensional e Tratamento da Ansiedade em Crianças e Adolescentes - Projeto PROTAIA. MÉTODO: Escolares entre 10 e 17 anos de todas as escolas pertencentes à área de abrangência da unidade de atenção primária do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre foram incluídos no projeto. O projeto compreende cinco fases: 1) triagem comunitária; 2) diagnóstico psiquiátrico; 3) avaliação multidimensional, incluindo fatores ambientais, neuropsicológicos, nutricionais e marcadores biológicos; 4) tratamento; e 5) fase translacional. RESULTADOS: Um total de 2.457 sujeitos foram triados para transtornos de ansiedade na comunidade. Dos indivíduos que compareceram à avaliação diagnóstica, 138 foram detectados com ao menos um transtorno de ansiedade (excluindo fobia específica) e 102 indivíduos sem nenhum transtorno de ansiedade. Dentre os casos de ansiedade, o transtorno de ansiedade generalizada (n = 95; 68,8%), transtorno de ansiedade social (n = 57; 41,3%) e o transtorno de ansiedade de separação (n = 49; 35,5%) foram os mais frequentes. CONCLUSÃO: O projeto PROTAIA é um projeto de pesquisa promissor que pode contribuir para o entendimento da relação entre transtornos de ansiedade e fenótipos relacionados à ansiedade com vários fatores de risco, tanto genéticos quanto ambientais.

Introdução: Algumas evidências apontam para uma associação positiva entre obesidade e sobrepeso com sintomas de ansiedade em crianças e adolescentes. No entanto, poucos estudos se dedicaram a estudar os métodos para a correta avaliação do estado nutricional em crianças ansiosas. Objetivo: Comparar o perfil nutricional estimado por bioimpedância elétrica (BIA) e antropometria em adolescentes com sintomas de ansiedade. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 225 escolares com um alto nível de sintomas de ansiedade de ambos os sexos com idades entre 10 e 19 anos. A presença de sintomas de ansiedade foi avaliada pelo Auto-relato para Transtornos Relacionados à Ansiedade na Infância (SCARED-C) e a avaliação nutricional foi realizada através do peso, estatura, Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), circunferência da cintura (CC), percentual de gordura corporal obtido através da bioimpedância elétrica (%GC-BIA) e percentual de gordura corporal obtido através de equações de predição que levam em conta as dobras cutâneas tricipital e subescapular (%GC-DC). Os métodos de avaliação nutricional foram correlacionados através do coeficiente de correlação produto-momento de Pearson. O nível de concordância entre o %GC-BIA e o %GC-DC foi medido através do coeficiente Kappa. Resultados: As correlações entre todos os métodos foram estatisticamente significantes, com tamanho de efeito alto para as dobras cutâneas e moderadas a fortes para %GC-BIA com os outros métodos. Apesar disso, a concordância observada entre as medidas do %GC-BIA e o %GC-DC mostrou que há uma concordância satisfatória entre os métodos. Conclusão: Embora mais estudos sejam necessários, controlando as diferenças entre os métodos em população não ansiosa, a bioimpedância elétrica pode ser uma boa alternativa, em relação aos métodos antropométricos, na avaliação nutricional de adolescentes com sintomas de ansiedade.

Para qualificar a gestão e o controle social do Programa Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição do Escolar (PNAE), foram criados os Centros Colaboradores em Alimentação e Nutrição do Escolar (CECANEs), parcerias do Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação do Ministério da Educação (FNDE- MEC) com Universidades Federais. Os CECANEs desenvolvem pesquisas, projetos de extensão e capacitações com os atores do Programa, com o objetivo de atuar regionalmente, prestando apoio técnico aos envolvidos nos diversos municípios. Assim sendo, este trabalho visa descrever as atividades desenvolvidas pelo CECANE UFRGS as quais têm colaborado para torná-lo referência regional no âmbito da Alimentação Escolar. Foram realizadas pesquisas para avaliar o perfil nutricional de pré-escolares, de adolescentes e dos escolares indígenas kaingangs matriculados em escolas no Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Somando-se a estas, desenvolveram-se um estudo descrevendo o perfil profissional dos nutricionistas que atuam no Programa e pesquisas na área de manipulação de alimentos. Além destas ações foram realizadas assessorias in loco aos municípios da Região Sul, capacitações com 1580 agentes do PNAE, em municípios de Santa Catarina (SC) e do RS, bem como formações com agricultores e demais envolvidos com as compras da agricultura familiar para a alimentação escolar no RS. Conclui-se que os objetivos do Centro Colaborador estão sendo atingidos, na medida que têm produzido informações relevantes para nortear ações futuras dos CECANEs e do FNDE, bem como oportunizado a diversos envolvidos com o PNAE qualificação para suas atividades. Sendo assim, as ações desenvolvidas fortalecem o papel social da Universidade e possibilitam a interação do ensino-pesquisa-extensão com as políticas públicas.

Abstract Objective: To identify symptoms of anxiety, depression, and feelings of hopelessness in patients in outpatient treatment for substance dependency and to test for correlations with various aspects of their quality of life. Methods: A cross-sectional study of a sample of 25 men in recuperation from substance dependency, selected by convenience. We assessed symptoms of depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II), anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory), hopelessness (Beck Hopelessness Scale), and quality of life (World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument-Abbreviated version [WHOQOL-Bref]), and also analyzed sociodemographic profile, substance abuse, and family history. Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages and quantitative variables as means and standard deviations or as medians and interquartile ranges. We also analyzed Spearman correlations to a 5% significance level. Results: The study revealed prevalence rates of 32% for depression, 24% for anxiety, and 12% for hopelessness, at a moderate/severe level. Correlations between Beck scales and WHOQOL-Bref were significant; but impacts differed in the four areas evaluated. Conclusions: Overall, we observe global negative impacts on subjects' lives, affecting their psychiatric symptoms and quality of life and their relationships and occupational factors to a similar degree. The results show that the lower the scores on these scales, the better the quality of life in some areas, indicating that there is a negative correlation between psychiatric symptoms and quality of life.

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the association between dietary intake during pregnancy and different gestational clinical conditions (hypertensive, diabetics, smokers, having intrauterine growth restriction and a control group) and associated factors. Methods: cross-sectional study nested in a cohort study from 2011 to 2016 that occurred in three hospitals in Porto Alegre (Brazil). Sociodemographic conditions and prenatal were investigated and maternal feeding practices were analyzed by the Food Frequency Questionnaire. To calculate the caloric percentage from food groups, food items were categorized into:unprocessed or minimally processed, processed and ultra-processed foods. The Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's post-hoc compared food consumption between the groups and the Poisson regression evaluated the association between the variables. Results: there was no statistical difference in food intake among 303 mothers of different gestational clinical conditions, but diabetic pregnant women had lower caloric contribution value of ultra-processed foods. In addition, pregnant women from all groups showed adequate consumption in relation to the percentage of caloric contribution of macronutrients in the total energy value. Conclusions: there was no difference in energy consumption according to different gestational clinical conditions.In diabetic, smokers and hypertensive pregnant women, associations between total energy intake and different sociodemographic factors were observed between the groups.

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate and identify the prevalence of interruption of breastfeeding (BF) in the period of up to 45 days postpartum and the associated sociodemographic and obstetric factors. Methods: cohort of 622 puerperal women, selected between 2018 and 2019 in a reference maternity hospital in the South Brazil. Data collection was carried out in two phases, the first in the maternity hospital during hospitalization of the puerperal woman and the newborn and the second through a telephone call, which occurred 60 days after birth. Poisson regressions with robust variance were performed to identify the factors associated with interruption of BF in the first 45 days of life. The variables that presented p

Introduction: The diet provided in hospital environments should promote good eating habits by offering healthy food. However, it is known that processed foods are served in hospital diets. Objective: To evaluate the presence and the frequency of ultra-processed foods in the pediatric diets of a university hospital. Methods: The sample consisted of 25 pediatric diets prescribed for children older than two years. Data collection occurred from January to August 2020. The menus were analyzed according to the level of food processing, following the NOVA classification. The data was analyzed in Microsoft Excel, and the results obtained were described by absolute and relative frequency. Results: Natural or minimally processed foods represent 54.3% (n=10,851). The culinary ingredients accounted for 28.9% (n=5,768); processed foods, 2.7% (n=551); and ultra-processed, 13.9% (n=2,789). A total of 29 ultra-processed foods were identified, of which the three most frequent were chocolate milk powder (23.5%, n=658), margarine (18.5%, n=518) and sliced bread (11%, n=308). The biggest offer occurs in breakfast (31%, n=854), in the afternoon snack (30%, n=844) and on supper (24%, n=661), representing 85% (n=2,359) of the total offer. Conclusions: The findings of this study include the presence of ultra-processed foods in virtually all hospital pediatric diets analyzed. However, natural or minimally processed foods represent more than half of the composition of the menus.

Objetivo Identificar o estado nutricional e hábitos alimentares de pacientes masculinos em recuperação de dependência química em acompanhamento ambulatorial de uma unidade de adição. Métodos Estudo transversal com 25 pacientes adultos em tratamento ambulatorial para dependência química. Foram aferidos parâmetros antropométricos (peso, estatura, circunferência da cintura e índice de massa corporal) e de composição corporal (bioimpedância elétrica), e foram investigados hábitos alimentares (Questionário de Frequência Alimentar – QFA). As variáveis categóricas são apresentadas como frequências e percentuais e as variáveis contínuas, como média e desvio-padrão ou como mediana e intervalo interquartil. Resultados Observou-se índice de massa corporal médio de 27,73 ± 4,15 kg/m2, com prevalência de sobrepeso de 80% e obesidade de 8%. A média da circunferência da cintura foi de 96,60 ± 9,84 cm e a de percentual de gordura corporal, de 23,24 ± 6,44. A maior parte da amostra estudada [20 (80%)] refere realizar quatro ou mais refeições por dia e 72% referiram aumento do consumo alimentar no período de abstinência. A preferência por alimentos específicos no período de abstinência foi relatada por 12 (48%) pacientes. Em relação ao consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, destaca-se o consumo diário de pão francês (68%), pães brancos de forma (16%), sucos artificiais (48%), refrigerantes (32%), queijo amarelo (36%), embutidos com alto teor de gordura (36%) e balas e chicletes (32%). Conclusão Os resultados mostram prevalência elevada de sobrepeso e obesidade, além de medida de circunferência da cintura alterada, relato de aumento da ingestão alimentar e consumo diário e semanal elevado de alimentos ultraprocessados.