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Submitted by José Daniel Soler Garves (jose.garves@unesp.br) on 2020-04-16T17:49:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - José Daniel Soler Garves.pdf: 7202413 bytes, checksum: 60d16818454a2a3f5e45127df816a1bd (MD5) Submitted by José Daniel Soler Garves (jose.garves@unesp.br) on 2020-04-16T17:49:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - José Daniel Soler Garves.pdf: 7202413 bytes, checksum: 60d16818454a2a3f5e45127df816a1bd (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Submitted by José Daniel Soler Garves (jose.garves@unesp.br) on 2020-04-16T17:49:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - José Daniel Soler Garves.pdf: 7202413 bytes, checksum: 60d16818454a2a3f5e45127df816a1bd (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Submitted by José Daniel Soler Garves (jose.garves@unesp.br) on 2020-04-16T17:49:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - José Daniel Soler Garves.pdf: 7202413 bytes, checksum: 60d16818454a2a3f5e45127df816a1bd (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Submitted by José Daniel Soler Garves (jose.garves@unesp.br) on 2020-04-16T17:49:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - José Daniel Soler Garves.pdf: 7202413 bytes, checksum: 60d16818454a2a3f5e45127df816a1bd (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Submitted by José Daniel Soler Garves (jose.garves@unesp.br) on 2020-04-16T17:49:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - José Daniel Soler Garves.pdf: 7202413 bytes, checksum: 60d16818454a2a3f5e45127df816a1bd (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-17T15:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 garves_jds_me_bot_par.pdf: 799365 bytes, checksum: 8133e6f54737ddc3f70c7332313e9722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Empreendimentos hidroelétricos podem desencadear alterações no ciclo hidrológico, desequilíbrio dos ecossistemas aquáticos e facilitar a introdução de espécies de peixes não-nativas. Contudo, essas espécies também podem apresentar grande representatividade na pesca artesanal e esportiva, tornando-se uma importante fonte de renda local. Dessa forma, o estudo de espécies não-nativas, suas origens, hábitos e posições tróficas, além de suas habilidades que garantem a permanência e o sucesso no estabelecimento em novos ambientes, são relevantes. Dentre tais espécies não-nativas, Geophagus sveni destaca-se como uma das espécies mais importantes para pesca artesanal na região Noroeste do estado de São Paulo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar e correlacionar a composição alimentar, composição bromatológica do tecido muscular, perfil de ácidos graxos do tecido muscular e hepático, além de identificar possíveis parasitos musculares em G. sveni nos períodos chuvoso e seco, no reservatório de Jupiá, alto rio Paraná, Brasil. Foram realizadas duas coletas, uma ao final do período chuvoso (março/2018) e outra ao final do período seco (agosto/2018), no reservatório de Jupiá (20°30'33.4"S 51°27'19.7"W). Os espécimes coletados foram eutanasiados e, em seguida, tiveram mensuradas massa total, comprimento padrão e o sexo determinado visualmente. Geophagus sveni apresentou hábito alimentar detritívoro, além de plasticidade e oportunismo trófico. Sua composição alimentar foi significativamente diferente entre os períodos avaliados, adicionalmente, a composição bromatológica apresentou diferenças significativas entre os períodos e entre os sexos. De forma geral, o tecido muscular foi considerado magro, com menor percentual de lipídeos e maior de proteína bruta. Para o perfil de ácidos graxos avaliado, apenas o do tecido muscular apresentou diferenças significativas entre os períodos chuvoso e seco. Tais resultados sugerem que flutuações sazonais influenciam diretamente a disponibilidade de recursos e consumo de itens alimentares de diversas fontes por G. sveni, o que altera os padrões de incorporação nutricional no tecido muscular da espécie. Além disso, não foram encontrados parasitos intramusculares nos espécimes avaliados, o que confirma que G. sveni, por ser introduzido no reservatório de Jupiá, pode beneficiar-se da Teoria do Escape do Inimigo. Dessa maneira, por ser uma das espécies mais capturadas pela pesca artesanal na região Noroeste do estado de São Paulo e apresentar equilibrado valor energético e nutricional, além de ausência de parasitos no tecido muscular, G. sveni pode ser considerada uma boa fonte de proteína animal baseado nas avaliações realizadas. Hydroelectric developments can trigger changes in the hydrological cycle, imbalance in aquatic ecosystems and facilitate the introduction of non-native fish species. However, these species can also be highly representative in artisanal and sport fishing, becoming an important source of local income. Thus, the study of non-native species, their origins, habits and trophic positions, in addition to their skills that guarantee permanence and success in the establishment of new environments, are relevant. Among these non-native species, Geophagus sveni is provided as one of the most important species for artisanal fisheries in the Northwest region of the state of São Paulo. This study aimed to characterize and correlate the food composition, the bromatological composition of muscle tissue, the fatty acid profile of the muscle and liver tissue, in addition to identifying possible muscle parasites of Geophagus sveni in the rainy and dry periods, in the Jupiá reservoir, on the Paraná River, Brazil. Two collections were made, one at the end of the rainy period (March/2018) and another at the end of the dry period (August/2018), at the Jupiá reservoir (20°30'33.4"S 51°27'19.7"W). The collected specimens were euthanized and, afterwards, total mass and standard length were measured, as well as sex determined visually. Geophagus sveni presented detritivorous eating habits, in addition to plasticity and trophic opportunism. Their food composition was significantly different only between the periods evaluated, while their bromatological composition showed significant differences between periods and between sexes. In general, muscle tissue was considered lean, with a lower percentage of lipids and higher of crude protein. For the fatty acid profile evaluated, only the muscle tissue showed significant differences between the rainy and dry periods. Such results suggest that seasonal fluctuations directly influence the availability of resources and consumption of food items from different sources by G. sveni, which alters the patterns of nutritional incorporation in the muscle tissue of the species. Furthermore, intramuscular parasites were not found in the evaluated specimens, which confirms that G. sveni, being introduced in the Jupiá reservoir, can benefit from the Enemy Escape Theory. Thus, as it is one of the most important species for artisanal fisheries in the Northwest region of the state of São Paulo and has a balanced energy and nutritional value, in addition to the absence of parasites in the muscle tissue, G. sveni can be considered a good source of protein, based on the evaluations performed. CAPES: 001 FAPESP: 2018/00281-3

The reproduction of freshwater fish occurs annually in environments that provide favorable environmental conditions for spawning and subsequent survival and growth of their larvae. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of larvae Salminus brasiliensis in order to understand the intra and interannual variations in their abundance and the influence of environmental variables on reproduction. Samples were collected at different biotypes (river, backwater and lagoon) of Ivinheima River floodplain of the upper Paraná River, Brazil. At the same time, were obtained temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, electrical conductivity, river level and rainfall. The larvae of S. brasiliensis were captured mainly in the months of October and January, the biotope river and backwater and no significant difference in relation to its vertical and nycterohemeral. It is estimated that this species can migrate over 200 km to reproduce in the river Ivinheima and its tributaries as the river Guiraí. The temperature, the river level, pH and dissolved oxygen were the main variables that influence the larvae density. The importance of maintaining this last damming free lotic and is essential for the maintenance of natural stocks, especially of S. brasiliensis, because mechanisms such as intensity of flooding and delay flooding are factors that act directly on the reproductive success of the species and depend on these natural conditions. Salminus brasiliensis is a key species to propose management and conservation measures for all fish population, once guaranteed the reproductive success of this species, other migratory and sedentary species will also benefit. A reprodução de peixes de água doce ocorre anualmente em ambientes que proporcionam condições ambientais favoráveis para a desova e, posterior sobrevivência e crescimento de suas larvas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a distribuição espacial e temporal de larvas de Salminus brasiliensis, a fim de compreender as variações intra e interanual de sua abundância e a influências de variáveis ambientais sobre a reprodução. As coletas foram realizadas em diferentes biótopos (rio, remanso e lagoa) do rio Ivinheima, planície alagável do alto rio Paraná, Brasil. Concomitantemente, foram obtidas a temperatura, o oxigênio dissolvido, o pH, a condutividade elétrica, o nível fluviométrico e a precipitação. As larvas de S. brasiliensis foram capturadas principalmente nos meses de outubro e janeiro, nos biótopos rio e remanso e não apresentaram diferença significativa em relação a sua distribuição vertical e nictemeral. Estima-se que esta espécie possa migrar acima de 200 km para se reproduzir no rio Ivinheima e em seus tributários como o rio Guiraí. A temperatura, o nível fluviométrico, o pH e o oxigênio dissolvido foram as principais variáveis que influenciaram na densidade de larvas. A importância da manutenção deste último trecho lótico livre de represamento é essencial para a manutenção dos estoques naturais, sobretudo de S. brasiliensis, pois os mecanismos como intensidade de inundação e atraso de cheias são fatores que agem diretamente no sucesso reprodutivo da espécie e dependem destas condições naturais. Salminus brasiliensis é uma espécie-chave para propor medidas de manejo e conservação para toda fauna ictiológica, uma vez que garantido o sucesso reprodutivo desta espécie, as demais espécies migradoras e sedentárias também serão beneficiadas. 36 f

This study aimed to characterize the reproductive strategies of fish from first order streams. Samplings were performed every three months from June 2008 to March 2009, using electric fishing at three streams: Conceição, Scherer and Jurema, located in the municipalities of Diamante do Norte and Amaporã, Paraná State, Brazil. We obtained the total weight (g), standard or total length (cm), sex and maturation stage for each specimen. Limnological data were obtained with portable equipments. The minimum length at first maturation was established for each population, and reproduction period was determined by analyzing the distribution of maturation stages. The sex ratio was obtained and tested (X2) for significant differences. Eight species were analyzed and they responded differently to environmental pressures, reflected in the ratio between males and females, and in different reproductive strategies adopted. The streams were used as spawning ground in September and rest and recruitment areas in December and March, due to changes in the limnological parameters that signalize favorable periods for reproduction. We conclude that the protection provided by preserved riparian vegetation encourage the uptake of food by fishes and maintain their general physical characteristics, promoting the diversification in tactics found.

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos The knowledge of the fish s diet and species abundance of a particular community allows us to identify the community s different trophic categories, as well as to infer about its structure. This knowledge may also permit to evaluate the degree of importance of trophic levels and to understand the interrelationships among the components of that community. In order to generate data for a better understanding of the relationships between the ichthyofauna components and other aquatic organisms in the community, this study aimed to characterize the trophic structure of the fish community of the Cachoeira Dourada reservoir - MG/GO, Upper Parana River basin (18° 30' 11.47"S, 49° 29' 18.78"W). The fish sampling occurred monthly from February 2007 to January 2008 and the fishes were captured using gill nets of 2 to 6.5 inches between adjacent knots placed at three sampling points of the reservoir. The biometric analyses was performed by the gauging of the total and standard length and total weight of the collected specimens. The fish stomachs were removed, weighed and fixed in 4% formaldehyde for further analysis in stereomicroscope. The data obtained during the stomach contents analysis was quantified though the Alimentary Index of Kawakami and Vazzoler, which combines the frequency of occurrence and volume of the alimentary items. The description of the species diet allowed the identification of six feeding guilds: (1) Iliophagous, (2) Carnivores-insectivores, (3) Carnivores-piscivores, (4) herbivores, (5) Omnivores, (6) Invertivores. The dietary overlap trophic web built showed interspecific interactions with 20% connectance. Eleven sub-groups or clicks were observed. The iliophagous sub-group showed no interactions with other species guilds. The bipartite network showed the generality of the food items intake of Pimelodus maculatus, the most abundant species in gill nets catches. The prey relative biomass appeared to be larger than that of the predators, this factor may be responsible for maintaining the large amount of piscivorous species found in the community. The ecosystem analyses describe and evaluate the functioning of biological systems considering productivity, interaction between communities and their functional processes. The knowledge of trophic ecology and key species connectivity indicates the paths through which the greater part of the system energy flows. This can help to identify regulatory elements of the community s structure and functioning, since it summarizes the dynamics of environmental energy transfer. A partir do conhecimento da dieta dos peixes de uma comunidade e da abundância específica, podem ser identificadas as diferentes categorias tróficas, inferir acerca da estrutura, avaliar o grau de importância dos distintos níveis tróficos e entender as interrelações entre os componentes da referida comunidade. Com a finalidade de gerar subsídios para um melhor entendimento das relações entre os componentes da ictiofauna e os demais organismos da comunidade aquática, este estudo visou caracterizar a estrutura trófica da comunidade de peixes do reservatório de Cachoeira Dourada MG/GO, na bacia do Alto Rio Paraná (18°30'11.47"S, 49°29'18.78"O). Foram realizadas coletas mensais de fevereiro de 2007 a janeiro de 2008, utilizando redes de espera de 2 a 6,5 centímetros entre nós adjacentes em três pontos do reservatório. Após realizada a biometria, anotando-se o comprimento total e padrão e o peso total dos indivíduos coletados, os estômagos eram retirados pesados e fixados em formol 4% para posterior análise em esteriomicroscópio. As informações obtidas através da análise de conteúdo estomacal eram quantificadas através do índice alimentar de Kawakami e Vazzoler, combinando a freqüência de ocorrência e o volume dos itens. A descrição da dieta das espécies permitiu identificar seis guildas tróficas: (1) Iliófagos; (2) Carnívoros-insetívoros; (3) Carnívoros-piscívoros; (4) Herbívoros; (5) Onívoros; (6) Invertívoros. A teia trófica construída com base na sobreposição alimentar apresentou interações interespecíficas com conectância de 20%. São observados 11 sub-grupos ou cliques, sendo que o sub-grupo formado pelos iliófagos não apresentou interações com as espécies de outras guildas. A rede bipartida mostrou a generalidade na ingestão de itens alimentares por Pimelodus maculatus, espécie mais abundante nas capturas com as redes. A biomassa relativa de presas se apresentou maior que a dos predadores, fator que pode ser responsável pela manutenção da grande quantidade de piscívoros encontrados. As análises ecossistêmicas descrevem e avaliam o funcionamento de sistemas biológicos considerando a produtividade, interação entre as comunidades e seus processos funcionais. O conhecimento da ecologia trófica e da conectividade das espécies-chave indicam os caminhos por onde flui a maior parte da energia do sistema. Isso pode auxiliar na identificação de elementos reguladores da estrutura e funcionamento das comunidades, já que sumariza a dinâmica da transferência de energia no ambiente.