9 results on '"Universal jurisdiction"'
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2. A jurisdição universal do Tribunal Penal Internacional e o deslocamento forçado do Povo Rohingya: o caso Myanmar v. Bangladesh do TPI.
- Author
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de Oliveira Magalhães da Silva Loureiro, Claudia Regina
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL criminal courts , *CRIMINAL jurisdiction , *JURISDICTION (International law) , *ROHINGYA (Burmese people) , *INTERNATIONAL crimes , *CRIMES against humanity - Abstract
The article analyzes the universal jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court in accordance with the 1998 Rome Statute, as well as in line with the principles of territoriality, complementarity and cooperation. The main objective of the article is therefore to study the jurisdiction of the Court and the specific objective is to examine how the universal jurisdiction of the Court can be applied to crimes occurring in the territory of States that are not part of the Rome Statute, using as a source the case of the Rohingya People, which is intrinsically linked to the universal jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court, what is the original aspect of the paper. The deductive method was the methodology adopted for the development of the work, with the study of the normative, doctrinal and jurisprudential aspect. The work will conclude that the universal jurisdiction of the ICC should be re-evaluated to be applied in accordance with the re-reading of the principle of state sovereignty and the proper interpretation of international crimes of interest to humanity, from the intersectional perspective for the consideration of anti-immigration acts as crimes against humanity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. La justice belge face au génocide rwandais : la symbolique de la compétence universelle en question (Belgian Justice facing the Rwandan Genocide: the Symbolism of Universal Jurisdiction in Question)
- Author
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Yves Cartuyvels
- Subjects
Compétence universelle ,génocide ,justice pénale internationale ,procès d’Assises ,symbolique pénale ,Universal jurisdiction ,genocide ,international criminal law ,assizes trial ,criminal law symbology ,Social legislation ,K7585-7595 - Abstract
En 2001 eut lieu à Bruxelles, en Belgique, un procès d’Assises au terme duquel quatre citoyens rwandais furent condamnés pour crimes de guerre commis dans le cadre du génocide qui s’est déroulé au Rwanda en 1994. Instruit sur la base d’une loi de «compétence universelle» de 1993 - loi qui sera révisée ultérieurement en 1999 puis en 2003 -, ce procès sera l’occasion de soulever divers enjeux éthiques et politiques liés au principe d’une justice déterritorialisée. Symbole d’une justice cosmopolite fondée sur la défense de valeurs universelles pour les uns, traduction d’un néocolonialisme masqué derrière la promotion des droits de l’homme pour les autres, le procès de Bruxelles montrera toutes les ambiguïtés de la justice pénale internationale. De même, il sera l’occasion de souligner l’importance de la dimension symbolique de la justice pénale. In 2001, in Brussels, Belgium, a trial of Assises was held, in which four Rwandan citizens were sentenced for war crimes committed during the genocide that took place in Rwanda in 1994. They were investigated on the basis of the law of universal jurisdiction of 1993 - a law that would be revised later in 1999 and then in 2003 - this trial was an opportunity to raise various ethical and political issues related to the principle of deterritorialized justice. A symbol of a cosmopolitan justice based on the defense of universal values for some, a translation of a masked neocolonialism behind the promotion of human rights for others, the Brussels trial showed all the ambiguities of international criminal justice. Similarly, it is an opportunity to highlight the importance of the symbolic dimension of criminal justice.En 2001, se celebró un juicio penal en Bruselas (Bélgica), al término del cual cuatro ciudadanos ruandeses fueron sentenciados por crímenes cometidos durante el genocidio de Ruanda de 1994. Se les investigó en base al principio de Jurisdicción Universal de 1993 –ley que sería revisada después, en 1999 y también en 2003. Ese proceso dará la oportunidad de reflexionar sobre varios temas éticos y políticos relacionados con el principio de justicia extraterritorial. Símbolo de justicia cosmopolita basada en la defensa de los valores universales, para algunos, traslación del colonialismo enmascarado tras la defensa de los derechos humanos, para otros, el juicio de Bruselas expuso todas las ambigüedades de la justicia penal internacional, pero también permite destacar la importancia de la dimensión simbólica de la justicia penal. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=3103077
- Published
- 2018
4. Corporações transnacionais e responsabilização na jurisdição estatal por violação a direitos humanos na cadeia produtiva.
- Author
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Kemmelmeier, Carolina Spack and Barbosa Pecin, Bruna
- Subjects
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INTERNATIONAL business enterprise laws , *HUMAN rights violations , *EMPLOYEE rights , *UNIVERSAL jurisdiction , *HUMAN rights , *PUBLIC law , *INDUSTRIAL relations - Abstract
The objective of this text is to reflect upon the context of International Public Law about the applicability of the Universal Jurisdiction principle towards the accountability in the state jurisdiction of transnational corporations that violate human rights in the productive chain, especially labor rights. Therefore, a literature review about the subject was realized, onwards it was discussed the possibility of applicability of the International Public Law on private persons, aiming the accountability of a member of a productive chain in a different country to which the damage was caused, analyzing the effectiveness of the Universal Jurisdiction principle to preserve human rights on labor relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. DIREITOS HUMANOS: A "RETÓRICA" DO UNIVERSALISMO EM UMA SOCIEDADE GLOBAL MULTICULTURAL.
- Author
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Bernardo, Aurélio Adelino
- Subjects
HUMAN rights ,DIGNITY ,MULTICULTURALISM ,UNIVERSAL jurisdiction ,CULTURAL relativism - Abstract
Copyright of Espaço Jurídico: Journal of Law is the property of Espaco Juridico: Journal of Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
6. CONTRA OS DIREITOS HUMANOS.
- Author
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Žižek, Slavoj
- Subjects
MILITARISM ,PROTESTANT fundamentalism ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,HUMAN rights ,UNIVERSAL jurisdiction ,CAPITALISM - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Mediacoes is the property of Universidade Estadual de Londrina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
7. Considerações jurídicas em torno dos crimes de pirataria e de terrorismo
- Author
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Mogo, Sara Gonçalves Lúpi Marques and Torres, Nuno Maria Herculano Pinheiro
- Subjects
Pirataria marítima ,Internacional Criminal Law ,Direito Internacional Criminal ,United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ,Jurisdição universal ,Terrorism ,Universal jurisdiction ,Ciências Sociais::Direito [Domínio/Área Científica] ,Terrorismo ,Maritime Piracy ,Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre o Direito do Mar - Abstract
Submitted by Ana Costa (apcosta@porto.ucp.pt) on 2019-06-18T10:19:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Considerações jurídicas em torno dos crimes de pirataria e de terrorismo_tese Sara Mogo.pdf: 1046214 bytes, checksum: ab345853885f668d2457c62d0234ce07 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Maria Helena Ribeiro (helena.ribeiro@lisboa.ucp.pt) on 2019-06-25T14:46:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Considerações jurídicas em torno dos crimes de pirataria e de terrorismo_tese Sara Mogo.pdf: 1046214 bytes, checksum: ab345853885f668d2457c62d0234ce07 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-06-25T14:46:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Considerações jurídicas em torno dos crimes de pirataria e de terrorismo_tese Sara Mogo.pdf: 1046214 bytes, checksum: ab345853885f668d2457c62d0234ce07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-03-11
- Published
- 2018
8. Principle of universal jurisdiction: the judicial dislocation of duty being cosmopolitan and the reality of cosmopolitization
- Author
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Mello, Rafaela da Cruz, Saldanha, Jânia Maria Lopes, Nascimento, Valéria Ribas do, and Friedrich, Tatyana Scheila
- Subjects
Cosmopolitanization ,Cosmopolitização ,CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::DIREITO [CNPQ] ,Human rights ,Jurisdição universal ,Cosmopolitanism ,Universal jurisdiction ,Cosmopolitismo ,Direitos humanos - Abstract
The process of internationalization of human rights was one of those responsible for making individuals subject to international law and for motivating the development of the principle of humanity. In this context, cosmopolitan ideals, inspired by the philosophical reflections of Immanuel Kant, from the middle of the last century, began to emerge with the intention of providing bases for the interpretation of certain phenomena. In the legal field, observation based on precepts of cosmopolitanism provides important elements for understanding human rights and the need to combat impunity for those who commit global violations of such rights through genocide, war crimes and crimes Against humanity. In relation to these criminal types, internationalization fostered the so-called principle of universal jurisdiction. According to this principle, any State is capable of prosecuting crimes against human rights, even if there is no territorial connection of the facts to its territory or nationality link between victims and / or defendants and the state of judgment. We are faced with the so-called judicial relocation, in which elements such as territoriality and nationality are put in check because of the need to protect human rights. The use of this principle, by generating ruptures with elements of modern understanding of law, jurisdiction and process, raises practical questions in the field of the so-called cosmopolitanization of justice. In view of this scenario, the research problems that guide this work are: To what extent does the process of internationalization of human rights establish a duty of States to exercise universal jurisdiction? When looking at the limits of the real, what are the obstacles to an effective exercise of universal jurisdiction in its absolute form? The general objective of the research was to observe the principle of universal jurisdiction over the dichotomous view of being cosmopolitan, of inspiration in Kantian philosophical reflections and of authors who use Kant as their theoretical basis and of the being of cosmopolitanization, a concept developed in the plane of Sociology by Ulrich Beck and which demonstrates that reality departs from the perceptions of a philosophical cosmopolitanism and approaches the idea that society has become cosmopolitan because of the transnationalization of global risks. The method of dialectical approach and the methods of comparative and typological procedure were used. It has been concluded that philosophically anchored on the premises of cosmopolitanism and, legally in the norms of jus cogens, universal jurisdiction, in its absolute form, is seen as a duty to be able to break with impunity and repair human rights violations. However, the reality of being shies away from universalist pretensions and approaches the particularism of practices, so that the presence of legal and political obstacles to the exercise of universal jurisdiction drastically reduces its spectrum of application. From the duty of punishment, through the application of absolute universal jurisdiction, States have only been able to punish if there are certain conditions, generally stipulated by their respective domestic laws. O processo de internacionalização dos direitos humanos foi um dos responsáveis por tornar os indivíduos em sujeitos de direito internacional e por motivar o desenvolvimento do princípio da humanidade. Nesse contexto, ideais cosmopolitas, inspirados nas reflexões filosóficas de Immanuel Kant, a partir de meados do século passado, passaram a despontar com o intuito de fornecer bases para a interpretação de determinados fenômenos. No campo jurídico, a observação a partir de preceitos do cosmopolitismo acaba por fornecer importantes elementos para a compreensão dos direitos humanos e da necessidade de combate à impunidade em relação àqueles que cometem violações globais a tais direitos por meio de genocídios, crimes de guerra e crimes contra a humanidade. Em relação a esses tipos penais, a internacionalização fomentou o chamado princípio da jurisdição universal. Segundo tal princípio, qualquer Estado é capaz de julgar crimes ocorridos contra os direitos humanos, mesmo que não haja vinculação territorial dos fatos ao seu território ou vínculo de nacionalidade entre vítimas e/ou réus e o Estado julgador. Está-se diante da denominada deslocalização judiciária, em que elementos como territorialidade e nacionalidade são colocados em xeque por força da necessidade de proteção aos direitos humanos. A utilização desse princípio, por gerar rupturas com elementos da compreensão moderna de direito, de jurisdição e de processo, gera questionamentos de ordem prática, no campo da chamada cosmopolitização da justiça. Diante desse cenário, os problemas de pesquisa que norteiam este trabalho são: Em que medida o processo de internacionalização dos direitos humanos estabelece um dever de exercício de jurisdição universal por parte dos Estados? Ao observar os limites do real, quais são os entraves para um efetivo exercício da jurisdição universal em sua forma absoluta? O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi o de observar o princípio da jurisdição universal sobre a ótica dicotômica do dever ser cosmopolita, de inspiração nas reflexões filosóficas kantianas e de autores que utilizam Kant como sua base teórica e do ser da cosmopolitização, conceito desenvolvido no plano da sociologia por Ulrich Beck e que demonstra que a realidade se afasta das percepções de um cosmopolitismo filosófico e se aproxima da ideia de que a sociedade se tornou cosmopolita em razão da transnacionalização de riscos globais. Utilizou-se o método de abordagem dialético e os métodos de procedimento comparativo e tipológico. Concluiu-se que ancorada filosoficamente em premissas do cosmopolitismo e, juridicamente nas normas do jus cogens, a jurisdição universal, em sua forma absoluta, é vista como um dever ser capaz de romper com a impunidade e reparar violações de direitos humanos. No entanto, a realidade do ser afasta-se das pretensões universalistas e se aproxima do particularismo das práticas, de modo que a presença de entraves jurídicos e políticos ao exercício da jurisdição universal reduzem de modo drástico o seu espectro de aplicação. De dever de punir, por meio da aplicação da jurisdição universal absoluta, os Estados passaram a somente poder punir se houver a assunção de algumas condições, em geral estipuladas pelas respectivas legislações internas.
- Published
- 2017
9. Crimes against humanity and national justice : a judicialization of international defense of human rights in the cases law Pinochet, Ely Ould Dah and Ferrini
- Author
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Vieira, Nelise Dias and Rojo, Raúl Enrique
- Subjects
Relações internacionais ,Crimes against humanity ,Crimes contra a humanidade ,Justiça internacional ,Impunidade ,Transnational social practices ,National justice ,Human rights ,Judicialização da política ,Universal jurisdiction ,Direitos humanos ,Justiça - Abstract
A presente dissertação de mestrado tenta identificar se demandas judiciais de ONGs e indivíduos contribuem para ampliar espaços políticos de defesa dos direitos humanos das vítimas de crimes contra a humanidade por meio da justiça nacional. No estudo dos casos Pinochet, Ely Ould Dah e Ferrini examinam-se diferentes trajetórias relativas a tipos penais internacionais e iniciadas, respectivamente, nos tribunais da Espanha, França e Itália. Nessas três distintas formas de judicialização são apresentados limitados meios políticos e possíveis auxílios jurídicos às vítimas de crimes contra a humanidade nos tribunais nacionais. Os dois primeiros casos concentram o debate sobre a aplicação do princípio da competência universal na justiça espanhola e na francesa, conforme a convenção internacional contra a tortura de 1984. Processar e julgar acusados estrangeiros implica também em identificar a autoria de graves crimes como a tortura em territórios nacionais distintos daqueles nos quais foram cometidos, (Pinochet no Chile e Ely Ould Dah na Mauritânia). Por outro lado, destaca-se a singularidade dos fatos anteriores as Nações Unidas que cercam o caso Ferrini na justiça italiana. O pedido indenizatório de Ferrrini problematiza a submissão a trabalhos forçados de prisioneiros de guerra estrangeiros e os limites da responsabilidade do Estado Alemão, por atos cometidos pelo exército nazista na Segunda Guerra Mundial. Em sede de conclusão, identifica-se que perdas jurídicas de segurança (Pinochet), ausências sociais de governo ou Estado (Ely Ould Dah) e feridas históricas (Ferrini) podem ampliar espaços políticos de defesa dos direitos humanos das vítimas. Porém, isto não significa, necessariamente, a expansão jurídica de condenações penais nem um resultado institucional transnacional contra a impunidade contemporânea de crimes que afetam a comunidade internacional por inteiro. The present dissertation attempts to identify whether lawsuits on national justice by NGOs and individuals contribute to increase political spaces in defense of human rights of victims of crimes against humanity. In the study cases of Pinochet, Ely Ould Dah and Ferrini, we examine different trial courses related to international crimes and initiated, respectively, on the courts from Spain, France and Italy. In these three distinct forms of judicialization are presented limited political means and possible legal aid to victims of crimes against humanity on national courts. The first two cases focus on the application of the international convention against torture (1984) and of the principle of universal jurisdiction debate in Spanish and French courts. Prosecute and judge accused foreigners also implies identifying the authorship of serious crimes as for instance torture in other national territories than those in which its offences were committed, (such as Pinochet in Chile and Ely Ould Dah in Mauritania) . This request for indemnification by Ferrrini helps to expose even more the problem of the submission to forced labor of foreigners’ war prisoners and the German state responsibility limits for acts committed by the Nazi army during World War II. In conclusion, the research identifies that loss of legal security (Pinochet), social absence of state or government (Ely Ould Dah) and historical wounds (Ferrini) can expand political space to victims human rights defense However, this does not necessarily mean the expansion of neither legal convictions nor an institutional result against contemporary impunity of transnational crimes that do affect the international community as a whole.
- Published
- 2013
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