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The article delves into the results of the renovation of the Torino Esposizioni complex, a masterpiece by Pier Luigi Nervi and a pivotal part of Turin’s architectural legacy. This building has once again become a focal point in contemporary discussions, given its central role in the Technical Economic Feasibility Plan (PFTE) proposed by the Isolarchitetti studio in collaboration with Rafael Moneo, slated for completion in 2022. This team played a pivotal role in implementing and refining the BIM methodology within the professional realm, specifically for crafting the architectural model of such a distinguished property. The process of breaking down the building into standard H-BIM components began with a preliminary phase of study that leveraged an extensive iconographic collection. This assemblage of images underscores the intricacy of an architectural entity deeply rooted in our heritage and chronicles its myriad modifications and restorations over the years. This paints a vivid picture, drawing profound parallels between historical images and today’s digital renditions.DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.31.2023.6

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate agronomic performance in cultivars of the Cavendish banana under the soil and climate conditions of the microregion of Assis in the state of São Paulo over three production cycles. The experiment was set up at the Fazenda São José Farm, Água do Pau d´Alho, in Palmital, São Paulo. The Grande Naine, IAC2001 and FHIA02 cultivars were evaluated, considering the following variables: cultivar; plant height; pseudostem perimeter; number of leaves at flowering and harvest; number of days from planting to flowering, from planting to harvest, and from flowering to harvest; weight of the bunch, stalk and fruit per bunch; number of hands per bunch; productivity of the fruit and pulp; weight and number of fingers on the second hand; weight, length and diameter of the finger; pulp diameter; and weight and thickness of the peel. The data were subjected to multivariate statistical techniques (principal component factor analysis, tree clustering, two-way joining, and correspondence). The results showed the extraction of three principal factors that accounted for 89.63% of the total variance of the characteristics under analysis: banana production (Factor 1), vegetative development (Factor 2), and cultivars and fruit diameter (Factor 3). The productive performance of the FHIA02 cultivar was homogeneous and inferior to that of the other cultivars, as seen in the two-way joining cluster analysis. Only the Grande Naine and IAC2001 cultivars are recommended for cultivation in the micro-region of Assis, São Paulo, with Grande Naine showing the largest fruit and, especially, the largest pulp diameter.

Resumo A cafeicultura é uma atividade de grande importância econômica no Brasil e, especialmente, para a microrregião geográfica de Marilia, no Estado de São Paulo. As cultivares estudadas possuem características agronômicas relevantes, por terem porte baixo, tolerância a pragas e doenças, elevado potencial produtivo e excelente qualidade de bebida. O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar os índices de lucratividade, referentes aos custos de produção dessas cultivares com as mesmas condições edafoclimáticas e de manejo. Os dados agronômicos foram obtidos a partir de experimento de campo cujo sistema de produção representa efetivamente a realidade da microrregião estudada. Foram levantados os custos operacionais efetivos e totais, custo anual de reposição do patrimônio (CARP), produtividade e custos médios de produção para o período de 2016 a 2021. Os dados utilizados para a estruturação de coeficientes técnicos foram coletados junto ao cafeicultor. Os resultados demonstraram que ambas as cultivares apresentaram praticamente a mesma produtividade, com diferença de 1,2% na última safra estudada. O custo de produção apresenta uma variação da importância de cada item na composição do COE ao longo do período; na primeira safra o item “horas máquinas” foi de maior relevância. Já na safra de 2021, a “mão de obra” foi o item com a maior desembolso realizado. Na safra 2019, devido a problemas climáticos mesmo com sendo irrigado houve uma menor produção de grãos, os insumos foram os mais dispendiosos. A margem de segurança demonstra que a produção de café das duas cultivares não apresentaram risco de prejuízo no período de 2016 a 2021, mesmo na safra de 2019, quando resultaram nos menores índices, como -0,43% para a cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 e de -0,27% para a IAPAR 59. A lucratividade foi positiva em todos os anos estudados para as cultivares Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 e IAPAR 59. A utilização duas cultivares é uma técnica fundamental para minimizar ou diluir os riscos inerentes a produção agrícola.

The use of antimicrobials as growth promoters and disease prevention is being constantly reduced in several animal production systems, including in the swine industry. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using acidifiers to control Salmonella Typhimurium in 65-day-old pigs by detecting the pathogen in organs at euthanasia. For this, 24 piglets were divided into two experimental groups consisting of 12 piglets each. An untreated control group (G1) and a treatment group (G2) received a liquid organic acidifier in the drinking water for 10 days (D-5 to D5). Five days after the start of treatment (D0), all piglets were challenged with 106 CFU of Salmonella Typhimurium and assessed for 12 days (D12). Every three days (D3, D6, D9, and D12), three animals from each experimental group were euthanized and then submitted for necropsy. Samples from the intestines (ileum, cecum, mesenteric lymph nodes, and ileocolic lymph nodes), liver, spleen, and lungs were collected to isolate Salmonella. The results show that, numerically, Salmonella isolation in the organs of G2 was lower than in G1 and that the number of positive cecum samples in G1 (66.7%; 8/12) was statistically different from the number of positive models in G2 (16.7%; 2/12), with a reduction of 28.6% of the total cecum positive samples in the treated group compared to the control. Therefore, it was observed that the liquid organic acidifier product could reduce the colonization of organs by Salmonella Typhimurium.

Este artigo trata da descrição do processo de PPP da iluminação pública inteligente em um município do interior do estado do Paraná. O método utilizado foi estudo de caso único e o instrumento de coleta de dados, levantamento bibliográfico, levantamento documental e técnica de observação participante. Os dados receberam tratamento qualitativo com base na análise de conteúdo. Os resultados preliminares apontam para uma das práticas da ideologia neoliberalista, o processo de PPP (concretizado de acordo com cada uma das suas fases, pré-adjudicatório, adjudicatório e pós-adjudicatório) da iluminação pública de uma cidade classificada, conforme o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia Estatística (IBGE), de centro-sub-regional “A”, e popularmente de “cidade do interior”. Outro resultado importante refere-se à condução da fase pré-adjudicatório, com o estabelecimento de leis e decretos municipais que dotaram o referido processo de capacidade legal/institucional. Quanto à capacidade administrativa, destaca-se a atuação do então prefeito, na vice-presidência da Frente Nacional dos Prefeitos (FNP), na temática concessões e PPPs, e do Conselho Gestor do Programa Municipal de PPPs (CGPPP), instituição da qual derivaram grupos de trabalho específicos, com realização de visita técnica a Belo Horizonte no estado de Minas Gerais.

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Resumo O uso de índices de estresse hídrico nas fases de desenvolvimento da cultura pode atuar como uma ferramenta essencial no manejo da irrigação. Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar o momento ideal de irrigar a cultura do amendoim, por meio de índices de estresse hídrico utilizando-se a termometria a infravermelho. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na área experimental do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal-SP, situada a 22°15’22” S, 48°18’58” W, e altitude de 575 m, em uma “Bacia Hidrográfica Experimental”, utilizando superfícies com diferentes declividades (0%, 20% e 40%) e exposições solares (Norte, Sul, Leste e Oeste), sob déficit hídrico induzido. O solo da área experimental é o LE1, Vermelho-Escuro, eutrófico, A moderado, caulinítico, hipoférrico, textura argilosa, relevo suave ondulado (Eutrustox). O índice de estresse hídrico foi determinado por meio da medição da temperatura da cobertura vegetal e do ar ambiente. A rega foi realizada utilizando-se sistema de irrigação por gotejamento. Os resultados indicam que o momento de irrigar difere para cada fase de desenvolvimento do amendoim, em uma faixa entre 1,3 °C até 3,3 °C. A superfície mantida na capacidade de campo obteve menor índice de estresse hídrico (-1,4 °C).

ABSTRACT Temperature variation in egg incubation can negatively affect the hatching time and weight gain of chicks, hence improving the incubator temperature accuracy can improve hatching rates. Controllers based on the fuzzy methodology have shown great potential for use in controlling incubator temperature variations. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop and evaluate a fuzzy logic-based controller for egg incubation. Four identical incubators were configured: two with a fuzzy controller and two with a conventional controller. After evaluation and validation, a case study of the incubating eggs of free-range chickens was conducted on where 12 incubation cycles consisting of 20 eggs per incubator. The variables obtained include hatchability and electricity consumption. The results showed that the fuzzy logic-based controller maintained uniform internal temperature and a 10.68% saving on electricity usage when compared with the conventional controller. Thus, the fuzzy methodology has great potential for use in the incubation of free-range eggs.

Abstract The characterization of banana cultivars is an important stage, which allows the identification of materials adapted to a particular region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance in the edaphoclimatic conditions of the geographic microregion of Assis, State of São Paulo, during the first three production cycles. The experiment was installed at São José Farm, Palmital, SP, where ten banana cultivars (Grande Naine, IAC 2001, FHIA 02, Bucaneiro, FHIA 17, Calypso, Ambrosia, Thap Maeo, BRS Princesa and Caipira) were evaluated during the three production cycles. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four replicates, each plot with 8.75 m2 and 5 plants per plot. The evaluated variables were plant height, pseudostem perimeter, number of leaves at flowering and harvesting, bunch mass, number of hands per bunch, fruit and pulp yield. Results were submitted to analysis of variance, means comparison tests and multivariate clustering or tree clustering analysis. ‘Grande Naine’ and ‘IAC 2001’ cultivars, as well as those of the Cavendish subgroup, are the most suitable for cultivation in the geographic microregion of Assis, SP, considering production performance in the evaluated production cycles.

Abstract Mango quality is affected by thermal storage conditions. Therefore, it is important to use cooling techniques and their monitoring to maintain desirable properties in the fruit. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of commercial rapid cooling programs on the quality of ‘Rosa’ mango. Mangoes were distributed on different horizontal positions of six pallets. All pallets were put through two rapid cooling times, three pallets for 120 minutes and three pallets for 240 minutes. Subsequently, the fruits were stored in a cold chamber for 7 and 14 days, followed by an evaluation of shelf life for 3 days at 20°C. Experimental design was in randomized blocks with three replicates, with one pallet per replicate. The weight, pH, and skin color of the fruit were assessed. According to the results, fruits closer to the air inlet in the packages showed the highest cooling rates. After storage and shelf life, quality parameters were not significantly affected by the rapid cooling programs. In conclusion, the 120-minute program can be satisfactorily adopted for the rapid cooling process of the ‘Rosa’ mango, considering the reduction of energy costs and the reduction of the dwell time of the fruit in the cold chamber.

ABSTRACT Bell peppers are one of the most cultivated and consumed vegetables in Brazil, and their high production yield largely depends on the use of high-quality seedlings. Supplementary lighting using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can help in the production of seedlings and improve their quality. This study aims to develop a fuzzy model to predict the agronomic parameters of bell pepper seedlings under different light intensities. Experimental data on the lighting levels and biometric responses of bell pepper seedlings were used to develop a fuzzy model, and the lighting levels defined in five sets were used as the input variable. The model was used to predict the output variables, namely the plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, internode number, shoot fresh weight, and root fresh weight. The results indicated that the use of supplemental lighting at a level of 75 μmol m-2s-1 was the most beneficial, producing seedlings with more leaves, higher stem diameters, internode numbers, and fresh weights. The model error rates were satisfactory for the predicted values of all variables, demonstrating the usefulness of the fuzzy model for estimating the best lighting levels in the cultivation of bell pepper seedlings.

This study aimed to assess the growth performance and nutritional status of sheep under intermittent water supply by means of performance, intake, apparent digestibility of nutrients, water balance and nitrogen. Thirty-two intact male sheep (20.7 ± 2.63 kg, 8 months of age) were distributed in a completely randomized design with 4 water supply intervals via drinking trough (0h00, 24h00, 48h00, and 72h00), with 8 replicates. The extension in the water restriction period caused a reduction in the intake of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, digestible energy, and metabolizable energy (P < 0.05). The digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber showed a linear decrease with increasing periods of water restriction (P < 0.05). Water intake via food, total water intake, and water excretion via feces showed a linear increase in response to an increase in the water supply interval (P < 0.05). Water intake via drinking, metabolic water, total water excretion and water balance presented a linear decrease, with increasing periods of water restriction (P < 0.05). Nitrogen intake and absorbed nitrogen were influenced by water restriction, presenting a linear decreasing trend according to water supply periods (P < 0.05). Final weight, daily weight gain, and total weight gain, were influenced by the periods of water restriction, showing a linear reduction (P < 0.05). Feed conversion increased as the water restriction period increased (P=0.004). Intermittent water supply at intervals of up to 72h00 reduced nutrient intake and digestibility, resulting in a decrease in weight gain of the studied animals.

ABSTRACT Rapid cooling is necessary to remove heat from fruit; however, it directly affects the water loss of grapes under certain conditions. Fuzzy logic is an important theory for analyzing results as it simplifies the assimilation of the phenomena through refined adjustments, allowing the prediction of the weight loss of fruits in relation to rapid cooling conditions. The objective of this study was to develop a fuzzy model that could predict weight loss as a function of the rapid cooling of table grapes in different plastic film bags. Modeling was performed using three types of plastic film bags (micro-perforated, macro-perforated, and non-perforated) at three levels of palletization (lower, intermediate, and upper), arranged in an experimental design in randomized blocks, in a 3 × 3 factorial scheme, with three blocks. The influence of the relative humidity and amplitude of humidity on the variable weight loss percentage of the Arra 15 grape variety was measured. The average percentage error of the fuzzy model was 9.78%. The intermediate level alone showed an error of 4.02%. Thus, the developed fuzzy model provided a good prediction of the weight loss of table grapes.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar o processo de mercado e suas possíveis falhas comumente citadas nos textos e estudos de economia mainstream que, mesmo quando argumentam contra a interferência estatal na economia, justificam exceções com bases nestas supostas falhas. Então, escolhendo uma das falhas mais comumente citadas – as externalidades - este trabalho analisa como este problema seria resolvido (e até mesmo não criado) pela definição precisa de direito de propriedade privada e pelo livre mercado por meio de revisão teórica de autores da economia mainstream e da Escola Austríaca sobre mercados, falhas de mercados, externalidade entre outros. Assim, pode-se evoluir o raciocínio da economia mainstream corrigindo-o por meio da praxeologia da Escola Austríaca e mostrar que uma solução de mercado por meio de direitos precisos de propriedade privada para o problema das externalidades é mais eficiente tanto em evitá-la como em solucioná-la caso ocorra.

The paper presents the final outcome of a project carried out through the collaboration between Politecnico di Torino and Museo Egizio of Turin. The main aim of the project has been to make available a small series of artefacts that are part of the museum collection through their virtual reproduction.The research investigates procedures that are used for the dissemination of cultural heritage in museum context. This practices and the use of media and the web for dissemination purposes became part of a contemporary digital ecosystem that involves heritage institutions and museums. The paper describes the workflows used to develop different kind of outputs using the same content, and how it is possible to reuse digital resources for the communication and the visualisation of cultural heritage in an attractive way through the use of the latest visualisation technologies and web applications. The final stage of the proposed research, in addition to the others already developed solution, consists on an edutainment web application that assists the user in the discovery of historical iconography associated with digital models, with the intent to educate on the understanding of the drawn space and to visualise some contents of the Museo Egizio of Turin: the ‘Expedition models of Egyptian Architecture’.The digital ecosystem developed for the project consists on a set of digital data of historical documentation and the digital replica of the museum collection: a set of wood maquettes representing ancient Egyptian buildings.The task, carried out in collaboration with the VHLab, CNR ISPC (Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale), allows to narrate the meeting of two different cultures, cultural institutions and science of representation, creating a new reasoned storytelling.DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.23.2019.7

ABSTRACT Digital agriculture contributes to agricultural efficiency through the use of such tools as computer vision, robotics, and precision agriculture. In this study, the objective was to develop a system capable of classifying images through the recognition of pre-established patterns. For this purpose, a geographically distributed system was created, based on the Raspberry Pi 3B+ computer, which captures images in the field and stores them in a database, where they are available to receive a pre-classification by a supervisor. Subsequently, classifiers are generated, evaluated, and sent to the remote device to conduct a classification in real time. For an evaluation of the system, 23 classes were defined and grouped into 3 superclasses, 36,979 images were captured, and 1,579 pre-classifications were conducted, which allowed the classification tests to be carried out by means of a cross-validation by randomly dividing into the equivalent number of classes. These tests revealed that the accuracy delivered by each classifier is different and directly proportional to the quantity and balance of the samples, with a variation of 11% to 79%, with 26 and 2,200 samples considered, respectively. The response time of the system was evaluated during 1,585 periods and was maintained within approximately 0.20 s, and under controlled speed of the vehicle, can be used for the dispersion of inputs in real time.

Introdução: Novas biotecnologias tiveram rápido crescimento com as recentes técnicas de manipulação de seres vivos. Quando aliadas a políticas de saúde pública, essas biotecnologias resultam em intervenções de ampla escala ao criar, produzir e disseminar novos seres híbridos. Um campo recente de aplicação destas biotecnologias reside no combate às epidemias de arboviroses provocadas pelos mosquitos Aedes aegypti. Objetivo: Analisar as trajetórias de regulação de duas novas biotecnologias para controle de arboviroses transmitidas pelo A. aegypti: os A. aegypti transgênicos e os A. aegypti infectados com a bactéria Wolbachia. Método: Foi realizada uma análise qualitativa de documentos de acesso público disponibilizados por órgãos oficiais, em especial a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa), a Comissão Técnica Nacional de Biossegurança (CTNBio) e o Tribunal de Justiça do Distrito Federal, além da legislação associada a esses documentos. Resultados: Descrevem as diferentes trajetórias de regulação e a tentativa de normatização das duas biotecnologias no país e apresentam as lacunas e controvérsias que envolvem os processos regulatórios destes novos artefatos. Conclusões: As dificuldades apresentadas para oferecer registros definitivos para estas novas tecnologias geraram processos que se prolongam até os dias atuais, evidenciando lacunas nas normas em termos de enquadramento, de definição de competências institucionais e de rito para o processo regulatório. A importância do estabelecimento de um processo regulatório para estas tecnologias se torna evidente por sua escala de implementação, por seu ritmo acelerado de desenvolvimento, pela dificuldade de reverter sua implementação após soltura em ambiente e pela necessidade de garantir a participação e o debate público.

L’essere umano è immerso nel mondo, nella realtà umana costantemente in relazione e il suo sguardo è inevitabilmente sugli oggetti, sui fatti, sull’Altro. In un’ottica fenomenologica- esistenziale l’Altro è colui che mi costituisce e che io costituisco attraverso lo sguardo. È ciò che emerge nella mia ricerca sull’accoglienza domestica mediante la quale, con la raccolta di 74 storie di vita, analizzo il fenomeno della mobilità e il tentativo di questi esseri umani di inserirsi in un nuovo contesto.

Between 2014 and 2016, Rio de Janeiro hosted two mega sport events – the Fédération Internationale de Football Association World Cup and the Olympic Games – which generated changes in the city. This study sought to analyse Rio residents’ perceptions in the lead-up to the latter games. A quantitative survey was conducted face-to-face with a sample of 404 residents, exactly one year before the Olympics. The data indicated that the residents found the pre-game period troubling because of uncertainties regarding the city’s desired Olympic legacy. Residents’ routines were impacted by either traffic issues or media reports that generated expectations and apprehension. The preOlympic period was marked by protests, concerns about overspending, construction delays and fears about the mega-events’ success. However, residents’ perceptions included clear expectations regarding the event legacy’s implications for tourism businesses and the destination’s visibility, as well as lasting improvements affecting tourism and sport activities

A cafeicultura é relevante na oferta de ocupações e na formação da renda de um grande número de pequenos municípios do estado do Paraná. Para a sustentabilidade e competitividade da atividade cafeeira, é muito importante que as empresas baseiem suas atividades em sistemas de gestão acurados. Este estudo analisa o grau de gestão das empresas rurais cafeeiras paranaenses, o comportamento dos critérios de gestão nas principais regiões do Estado e identifica os indicadores de gestão que tem contribuído com maior peso para os níveis de gestão observados, visando orientar principalmente as atividades públicas e privadas voltadas à promoção do desenvolvimento local e regional. O estudo baseia-se na aplicação do Método de Identificação do Grau de Gestão – MIGG Café, estatísticas descritivas e análise de componentes principais. Os resultados, independentemente do tipo de café ou região do Paraná, apontam para um amplo potencial de crescimento das práticas de gestão.

This study aimed to assess the effect of using forage cactus silage in the diet of sheep under intermittent water supply on its ingestive behavior and thermoregulation. We used in the experiment thirty-six intact male sheep of undefined genotype with an initial average weight of 19.8 ± 2.1 kg and age of approximately six months. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a 3 × 3 factorial scheme composed of three levels of forage cactus silage in the diet (0, 21, and 42%), three water supply periods (0, 24, and 48 hours), and four replications. For the ingestive behavior, observations were carried out every 5 minutes for 2 periods of 24 hours. Thermoregulatory responses were taken at 7:00 and 15:00 h on days other than those intended for ingestive behavior tests. Intermittent water supply did not affect any of the studied variables (P > 0.05). The use of forage cactus silage significantly influenced the ingestive behavior of animals (P < 0.05). Sheep fed forage cactus silage in the diet presented an average feeding efficiency of 255.77 g DM h?1 and an average rumination efficiency of 102.16 g DM h?1, while animals fed control diet showed values of 198.63 and 78.45 g DM h?1, respectively. Urinary frequency increased according to the levels of forage cactus silage in the diet, with 23.60 urination per day in animals fed diets with 42% of forage cactus silage and 10.83 urination per day in animals fed control diet. However, the search for water reduced, with averages of 2.73 and 0.54 per day for animals fed 0 and 42% forage cactus silage, respectively. The use of forage cactus silage also increased thermoregulatory responses of sheep, with an average respiratory rate of 103.35 mov. min?1 and heart rate of 140.08 mov. min?1 in the warmest period of the day (in the afternoon). Thus, sheep fed forage cactus silage increases its feeding and rumination efficiencies, decreases its search for water, and increases its thermoregulatory responses. The intermittent water supply within 48 hours does not influence the ingestive behavior and thermoregulation of confined sheep.

ABSTRACT The spatial variability in meteorological conditions was evaluated in two small ruminant house with different constructive aspects, based on the variables of dry bulb temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and temperature humidity index (THI), through the generation of maps using the Kriging interpolation method. The experiment was conducted in two seasons, winter and summer, and the small ruminant house were denominated as: FNRG (facility at ground level with no ridge vent) and FWRG (facility at ground level and with ridge vent). The studied parameters were recorded by portable digital sensors, thermo-anemometers and thermo-hygrometers, with data collections at 9 am and 3 pm. With the analysis of the spatial variability of the data, it was observed that the pens positioned in the central region of the two facilities had the least stressful places to animals in two seasons and two times, where the FWRG presented larger areas with lower temperatures, within the comfort zone, compared to the FNRG due to the presence of the ridge vents, were the least stressful places for the animals in the two seasons and at the two data collection times. At 9 am, in the winter and summer, both facilities presented comfortable conditions for the rearing of goats and sheep in the morning that were not observed at 3 pm.

Abstract The electronic monitoring of physiological responses is essential for managing animal production systems considering market demands for animal welfare. The objective of this study was to design, build, and test an electronic monitoring system, with recording and wireless transmission capability, for measuring the heart rate and skin temperature in small ruminants. The system had two components: a mobile base unit, mounted on the animal under study, and a fixed base unit. Wireless communication between the mobile and fixed units was performed using a Xbee Series 2 radio frequency transceiver whereas data were recorded and transferred to a secure digital card in the mobile unit. The device was mounted in Santa Inês crossbred sheep using reference equipment while the animals were restrained in steel cages. Subsequently, the device was validated in free-living Dorper sheep in two collection periods (morning and afternoon). The results indicated that the monitoring system accurately measured physiological responses and efficiently recorded and transmitted data, particularly heart rate data. However, one of the limitations was low energy autonomy.

ABSTRACT The bioclimatic architecture can contribute significantly to moderate thermal environment of agricultural installations, reducing the energy input used in the air conditioning. The present article presents the results of a diagnosis made in packing houses of table grapes, located in a semi - arid region in the Brazilian Northeast. The objective was to verify which strategies of the bioclimatic architecture were applied in the buildings, and also, to propose recommendations for future projects. The methodology consisted of the elaboration of a checklist, from the application of the Mahoney Method and the Brazilian Bioclimatic Zoning, considering Petrolina - PE climate. The checklist was applied in twenty-five packing houses, of three different sizes. It was concluded that the bioclimatic architectural strategies were applied in an isolated way in the buildings. Therefore, the bioclimatic architectural strategies were not effective in the thermal efficiency of the buildings, and the packing houses of small rural producers were the most inappropriate.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to modeling and bioclimatic zoning of ‘Saanen’ goat milk production in northeastern Brazil. Data were obtained from a 14-year dairy control program for 246 ‘Saanen’ goat matrices. Dairy production meteorological influence and mathematical modeling were assessed through statistical analyses such as Pearson’s correlation matrix and path analysis. Bioclimatic zoning for current and future scenarios, with climate changes, were delineated using inverse-square distance (ISD) and spherical model (kriging) interpolations. Results showed maximum air temperature to contribute substantially to goat dairy production; therefore, its modeling was based thereon. Current and future dairy production maps highlighted Maranhão and Piauí as regions of limited ‘Saanen’ milk production. Furthermore, we should emphasize that temperature rises in further scenarios may have significant impact on the potential of dairy farming for the region under study.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to characterize the thermal environment of the sorting and packing sectors of small, medium and large packing houses in the São Francisco Valley, Northeast of Brazil. Micrometeorological data were monitored every 15 minutes for 20 days during winter 2014 and summer 2015. The parameters evaluated were air temperature (°C), relative humidity (%) and radiant thermal load, RTL,(W/m2). External environmental data were obtained from weather stations close to the packing houses. The data obtained show that packing houses minimum and maximum temperatures were reached at 6am and 3pm, respectively, during winter and summer. Both seasons had air temperatures above 20°C, relative humidity below 90% and radiant thermal load above 450 W/m2. The construction materials that had the highest energy transmissions were the roofs. Metal roofs had the worst thermal conditioning, resulting in maximum internal air temperatures of 32.7°C and minimum relative humidity of 40.9% at 3pm, during summer. According to the results, thermal environments of sorting and packing sectors proved to be inadequate for processing table grapes, mainly during summer. These packing houses should be modified to reach the optimal thermal environment, considering the regional climatic conditions.

Le nuove tecnologie digitali, in continua evoluzione e perfezionamento rispetto alle pratiche consolidate, sono basate su un approccio di natura sistemica e relazionale che propone (o forse impone!) di esaminarne i linguaggi collaborativi e comunicativi, indagandone insieme gli attuali livelli di diffusione. L’azione normativa stessa, posta in essere negli ultimi anni in Europa, estende di queste tecnologie gli orizzonti operativi.Alcune tassonomie saranno proposte attraverso l’illustrazione di casi studio elaborati nel corso della collaborazione con gli uffici dell’Area Edilizia e Logistica del Politecnico di Torino, ateneo che da qualche anno, per le attività di manutenzione straordinaria e per gli importanti lavori che ne stanno ampliando spazi e funzioni, invita i professionisti a partecipare ad appalti BIM oriented, in linea con le principali best practice adottate nel Regno Unito, Europa e Stati Uniti.

Lo studio intende rispondere alla crescente necessità di organizzare in maniera virtuosa gli apparati informativi relativi al Patrimonio Culturale, attraverso una metodologia che integri processi multidisciplinari di interazione con l’informazione, finalizzati al rilievo, documentazione, gestione, conoscenza e valorizzazione del Bene.È necessario ripercorrere, attualizzandolo, il processo di acquisizione strumentale dell’informazione, di normalizzazione e di strutturazione dei dati acquisti in un modello semantico tridimensionale e la successiva rappresentabilità e la fruibilità del modello e della banca dati associata. Se nel campo della progettazione l’utilizzo del Building Information Modeling ha visto negli ultimi anni un consolidamento nelle procedure e l’individuazione di metodologie standard, nell’ambito dei Beni Culturali, la sfida volta all’individuazione di metodologie operative è ancora aperta.

ABSTRACT The present article aims at setting the issue of the relationship between Buddhism and science in a historical and philosophical frame wider than that one taken into account by the international scholarship so far. The historical point of view allows us to conclude that the narrative that connects Buddhism with science is not based on features intrinsic to Buddhist thought. In fact, such narrative prospered thanks to the development of a dialectic, typical of the 18th and 19th centuries, between science and religion. The philosophical point of view allows us to conclude that such narrative is backed by a metaphysical-like thought that denies the specificity of both science and Buddhism.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of four water salinity levels on the ingestive behavior of non-castrated crossbred Santa Inês sheep. Thirty-two non-castrated crossbred Santa Inês sheep in feedlot, at seven months of age and initial average weight of 21.76±1.25 kg, were used in the experiment. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments and eight replicates. Four concentrations of salts in the water fed to the animals were evaluated: low (640 mg/l); medium (3,188 mg/l); high (5,740 mg/l) and very high (8,326 mg/l) levels of total dissolved solids (TDS). For the ingestive behaviors, the animals were observed every ten minutes, for 24 hours, to determine the time spent feeding, ruminating and idle. Also, cud chewing and the average number of defecations and urinations and the frequency of water ingestion were determined. The time spent feeding, ruminating and idle were not changed by the salinity levels in the water. Dry matter intake, neutral detergent fiber intake, total chewing time, total cud chews per day, number of daily meals, average duration of each meal and number of defecations per day did not change either. However, feeding and rumination efficiency in grams of DM/h, water intake and number of urinations were linearly affected, whereas the variables rumination efficiency in grams of NDF/h, grams of dry matter per cud, grams of neutral detergent fiber per cud, number of cuds, number of chews per cud and chewing time per cud presented quadratic effect. The different levels of total dissolved solids (640; 3,188; 5,740; and 8.326 mg/l) in the water fed to the sheep did not cause alterations in their ingestive behavior. In conclusion, water with up to 8,326 mg TDS/l can be an alternative strategic and seasonal method to water crossbred Santa Ines sheep.

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da utilização de silagem de palma forrageira na dieta de ovinos submetidos a oferta intermitente de água sobre o comportamento ingestivo e a termorregulação de ovinos. Foram utilizados 36 ovinos machos não castrados sem padrão racial, com peso médio inicial de 19,8 + 2,1 kg e idade aproximada de seis meses, distribuídos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3 x 3, composto por três proporções de silagem de palma na dieta (0; 21 e 42 %) e três períodos de oferta de água (0; 24 e 48 horas), com quatro repetições. Para o comportamento ingestivo foram realizadas observações a cada 5 minutos durante 2 períodos de 24 horas. As respostas termorregulatórias foram tomadas nos horários das 7 e 15 horas, em dias diferentes daqueles destinados ao comportamento. Observou-se que a oferta intermitente de água não afetou nenhuma das variáveis estudadas (P > 0,05). A utilização de silagem de palma influenciou significativamente o comportamento ingestivo dos animais (P < 0,05). Ovinos alimentados com silagem de palma forrageira na dieta apresentaram eficiência de alimentação média de 255,77 gMS h-1 e de ruminação de 102,16 gMS h-1, enquanto que aqueles que não recebiam esse alimento, apresentaram valores dessas variáveis de 198,63 e 78,45 gMS h-1, respectivamente. A frequência urinária dos animais se elevou conforme a proporção de silagem de palma na dieta, sendo observadas 23,60 micções dia-1 em animais que recebiam 42% e 10,83 micções dia-1 naqueles que não recebiam silagem de palma. A procura por água, entretanto, diminuiu. Foram observadas médias de 2,73 e 0,54 (nº dia-1) para animais alimentados com 0 e 42% de silagem de palma, respectivamente. A utilização da silagem de palma também elevou as respostas termorregulatórias dos ovinos. Ovinos alimentados com silagem de palma apresentaram média de frequência respiratória de 103,35 e cardíaca de 140,08 movimentos minuto-1 no período mais quente do dia (tarde). Concluiu-se que a silagem de palma na dieta aumenta as eficiências de alimentação e ruminação, além de diminuir a procura por água em ovinos em confinamento. No entanto, também eleva suas respostas termorregulatórias. A oferta intermitente de água em até 48 horas não influencia o comportamento ingestivo e a termorregulação de ovinos em confinamento.

ABSTRACT The current study aimed to evaluate the influence of three colors and two types of roofing materials under the internal temperature of bee colonies Apis mellifera. The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Sciences Campus at the Federal University of Sao Francisco Valley located in Petrolina-PE, in November and December 2013, using 24 colonies housed in Langstroth hives. The experiment was a completely randomized factorial design (3x2) with three colors of box (blue, white, and traditional) and two types of cover (with and without the use of plaster) with six treatments and four replications. The internal temperature dates of the colonies were hourly recorded, during 24 hours, and surface temperatures were hourly recorded between 08h00 and 17h00. The highest values for surface and internal temperature were registered in the blue painted boxes without the use of plasterboard, and the blue painted boxes covered with plasterboard respectively. However, the lowest values were found in the white painted hives and hives that have not received the plasterboard. It is recommended to paint boxes with bright colors, and the use of plasterboard had no effect in reducing the internal temperature.

One approach to verify the adequacy of estimation methods of reference evapotranspiration is the comparison with the Penman-Monteith method, recommended by the United Nations of Food and Agriculture Organization - FAO, as the standard method for estimating ET0. This study aimed to compare methods for estimating ET0, Makkink (MK), Hargreaves (HG) and Solar Radiation (RS), with Penman-Monteith (PM). For this purpose, we used daily data of global solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed for the year 2010, obtained through the automatic meteorological station, with latitude 18° 91' 66" S, longitude 48° 25' 05" W and altitude of 869m, at the National Institute of Meteorology situated in the Campus of Federal University of Uberlandia - MG, Brazil. Analysis of results for the period were carried out in daily basis, using regression analysis and considering the linear model y = ax, where the dependent variable was the method of Penman-Monteith and the independent, the estimation of ET0 by evaluated methods. Methodology was used to check the influence of standard deviation of daily ET0 in comparison of methods. The evaluation indicated that methods of Solar Radiation and Penman-Monteith cannot be compared, yet the method of Hargreaves indicates the most efficient adjustment to estimate ETo.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the functional results from patients with surgical neck fractures treated with a locked metaphyseal intramedullary nail and angular stability.METHODS: Twenty-two patients between the ages of 21 and 69 years were evaluated prospectively between January 2010 and January 2011. Their time taken for consolidation, age, sex, complications and functional results were correlated using the modified protocol of the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA).RESULTS: The mean time taken for consolidation was 9.26 weeks ± confidence interval (CI) of 0.40 weeks. One case (4.5%) did not become consolidated. There were no cases of infection. There was one case (4.5%) of adhesive capsulitis with good evolution through clinical treatment. Five patients (22.7%) presented occasional mild pain and one case (4.5%) reported medium-intensity pain associated with the subacromial impact of the implant. The mean score on the modified UCLA scale was 30.4 ± CI 1.6 points, obtained at the end of 12 weeks of evaluation: 18 cases (81.8%) with "excellent" and "good" scores, three cases (13.6%) with "fair" scores and one case (4.5%) with a "poor" score.CONCLUSION: In the group of patients evaluated, treatment of two-part surgical neck fractures by means of a locked metaphyseal intramedullary nail and angular stability demonstrated satisfactory functional results and a low complication rate, similar to what is seen in the literature.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic benefit of coffee cultivation, with a focus on the distinction between conventional and irrigated coffee production systems. For the development of the study, the various productive systems were delineated from the data provided by a sample of producers to generate a matrix of average technical coefficients. The methodology used to estimate the operating cost of production is the one used by the Instituto de Economia Agrícola (IEA). Profitability indicators were also evaluated. Results indicated that the effective operational cost (EOC) incurred in the irrigated production system is higher than that in the conventional system. As regards the cost composition, in the conventional coffee production system, the largest cost incurred is on fertilizers among all inputs, whereas in the irrigated production system, the largest cost incurred is on machinery and equipment that are mainly used in harvesting, for the period 2013-2015. Profitability index of the conventional coffee production system in 2015 was 44.8%, and that of the drip irrigated production system was 49.7%. In 2014, profitability rates were negative for both the conventional (-13.9%) and irrigated coffee production systems (-8.6%). The most preferable choice was found to be the irrigated production system, as it allows reducing the risk of loss in production during prolonged periods of water shortage as well as greater yields due to a larger production of grains.

L’iconografia dell’architettura e del design di ogni epoca si caratterizza per l’uso di linee e di forme geometriche che vengono rese realizzabili dall’evoluzione dei materiali e delle tecniche costruttive, nonché dall’introduzione di particolari strumenti matematici a servizio della rappresentazione digitale del progetto. È il caso delle splines, linee alla base delle NURBS (Non Uniform Rational B-Splines) che consentono le freeform divenute il simbolo dell’architettura e del design più avanzato. A partire da una riflessione sulla geometria e sulla rappresentazione di queste particolari curve, questo articolo discute le influenze sulle forme del progetto architettonico contemporaneo che deve obbligatoriamente confrontarsi con modelli matematici e geometrici complessi da cui dipende la loro costruzione.

Il termine costruire (lessicalmente) equivale a riordinare le singole parti dell’operazione secondo il nesso logico e grammaticale; ed altresì disporle e collegarle secondo le regole e l’uso della lingua. Analogamente gli odierni strumenti BIM possiedono nelle loro corde sia una riconoscibile capacità di sviluppare progetti seguendo le regole del buon costruire, sia un puntuale controllo della geometria da cui derivano le molteplici rappresentazioni di tipo grafo-numerico. Ci si interrogherà inoltre sul rinnovato rapporto tra Rilievo e Progetto, in un ambiente particolarmente fertile ove la Geometria è indagata nelle sue poliedriche proprietà e al Disegno è affidato un ruolo di maggiore visibilità e di effettiva rilevanza.

With this study, the objective was to estimate the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and to correlate it with the dry matter (MMSPA) of the emerald zoysia (Zoysia japonica Steud.) on surfaces with different expositions and slopes. The research was conducted at the Experimental Watershed of the Agricultural Engineering Department, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences of São Paulo State University (FCAV/UNESP), Brazil, where the surfaces (H, 10 N, 30 N, 50 N, 10 S, 30 S, 50 S, 10 L, 30 L, 50 L, 10 O, 30 O and 50 O) were used. To obtain the global solar radiation, it was installed an automated weather station where the PAR (dependent variable) was obtained by the equation y = a + bx, and the global radiation was independent. To compare means of MMSPA, it was used the Tukey test at 5% probability, and to assess the relation PAR/MMSPA, the simple linear correlation coefficient. The result showed that the accumulation of these effects in the PAR increases with North exposure and decreases with the South, and exposure to 50N is most suitable for slopes, not having correlation between the PAR and the MMSPA for the surfaces evaluated for the study period.Com este trabalho, o objetivo foi estimar a radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (PAR) e correlacioná-la com a massa de matéria seca (MMSPA) da grama-esmeralda (Zoysia japonica Steud.), em superfícies com diferentes exposições e declividades. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Bacia Hidrográfica Experimental do Departamento de Engenharia Rural, FCAV/UNESP, Brasil, onde foram utilizadas as superfícies (H; 10 N; 30 N; 50 N; 10 S; 30 S; 50 S; 10 L; 30 L; 50 L; 10 O; 30 O e 50 O). Para a obtenção da radiação solar global, foi instalada uma estação meteorológica automatizada, onde a PAR (variável dependente) foi obtida por meio da equação y = a + bx, e a radiação global foi a independente. Para comparação de médias da MMSPA, utilizou-se o teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade, e para verificar a relação existente PAR/MMSPA, o coeficiente de correlação linear simples. O resultado mostrou que o acúmulo desses efeitos na PAR aumenta com a exposição norte e decresce com a sul, sendo a exposição 50 N a mais indicada para taludes, não havendo correlação entre a PAR e a MMSPA para as superfícies avaliadas para o período estudado.

O objetivo do trabalho é identificar as atividades rurais com maior capacidade de geração de emprego e renda e as relações existentes entre o desenvolvimento científico e capacitação rural no Pontal do Paranapanema em horizonte temporal de 10 anos (2008-2018). Utilizou-se a abordagem Technological Foresight para a estruturação do levantamento prospectivo e métodos e técnicas de estatística multivariada na análise dos resultados. As informações foram levantadas em um painel estruturado com a participação de 50 especialistas da região. Os resultados demonstram que níveis de capacitação técnica, oferta de tecnologias e assistência técnica são variáveis que têm grande importância para geração de emprego e renda futura. Além disso, ações de transferência de tecnologia são prioritárias no curto prazo e as de P&D com capacitação técnica de produtores e trabalhadores rurais, no longo prazo. Destacaram-se, para a geração de empregos ao trabalhador rural, as atividades de produção relacionadas à agroindústria. Novas atividades como a heveicultura, eucalipto, caprinos, ovinos, integração lavoura-pecuária e plantas ornamentais foram consideradas importantes para a geração de renda.

In un momento in cui la pratica professionale richiede sempre più specifiche competenze e tempistiche estremamente serrate, si palesa la tendenza a orientare le tecnologie software verso un loro utilizzo più consapevole, nella continua ricerca di strategie procedurali per l’utilizzo di piattaforme condivise. Il presente contributo intende tracciare un quadro sintetico circa la potenzialità delle nuove frontiere del disegno di progetto informatizzato - il disegno parametrico - attraverso la descrizione di recenti sperimentazioni svolte all’interno del Dipartimento di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Edilizi e Territoriali (DISET) del Politecnico di Torino svolte in collaborazione con il Servizio Edilizia del medesimo Ateneo, nonché le positive ricadute che tali innovazioni comportano in campo accademico.

Objetivou-se avaliar a influência dos fatores climáticos sobre o desempenho produtivo e as respostas fisiológicas de ovinos submetidos a diferentes suplementos proteicos em pastagem de capim-Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) irrigado nas condições climáticas do semiárido brasileiro. Utilizaram-se 28 ovinos, machos, castrados, mestiços Santa Inês x SPRD (sem padrão racial definido), com peso inicial de 28 kg, recebendo três diferentes fontes de proteína no suplemento (farelo de soja, torta de algodão e ureia) e um tratamento testemunha (pastagem exclusiva). Foram determinados o consumo de matéria seca, ganho em peso, os parâmetros fisiológicos - frequência respiratória (FR), temperaturas superficial (TS) e retal (TR) - dos animais e os parâmetros ambientais. Nas condições climáticas impostas pelo experimento, o turno da tarde conduziu os animais, independentemente da dieta, a uma condição de elevado estresse pelo calor. A suplementação influenciou o consumo de matéria seca de forragem sem alterar o desempenho dos ovinos, sendo economicamente inviável. A fonte proteica obtida a partir da torta de algodão e utilizada no suplemento para ovinos em pastejo elevou a FR, influenciando sobre seu conforto térmico.

Water is a nutrient of extreme importance for animals and must be considered vital in any rearing phase. The increasing scarcity of this precious natural resource has concerned different segments of society in order to find solutions for rational and sustainable use of this nutrient. Small ruminants, especially sheep and goats, have social and economic importance due to their great ability in adapting to adverse environmental conditions and using water efficiently. Thus, they might be a good alternative to mitigate the climate change effects and to generate foreign exchange and improving life condition in many places of the world. The concept of water productivity for livestock production is relatively new and there are few studies in the world, especially in Brazil. More researches and new technologies for water use in livestock production are indispensable.A água é um nutriente extremamente importante na vida dos animais e deve ser considerada como vital em qualquer fase da criação. A escassez crescente deste precioso recurso natural tem provocado reações de diferentes segmentos da sociedade na busca de soluções de uso racional e sustentável deste nutriente. Os pequenos ruminantes, especialmente os ovinos e caprinos, são partes importantes da vida econômica e social de muitas nações pela sua ampla capacidade de adaptação às condições adversas do ambiente e boa eficiência no uso da água, podendo ser uma das boas alternativas de mitigação dos efeitos das mudanças climáticas, gerando divisas e melhoria das condições de vida em muitas regiões do mundo. O conceito de produtividade de água para a produção animal é relativamente novo e ainda são recentes e escassos os estudos existentes no mundo e em particular no Brasil. A realização de mais pesquisas e a geração de novas tecnologias de uso da água na produção animal, hoje mais do que nunca tornam-se imprescindíveis.

A partir das informações dos cenários B2 e A2 propostos pelo IPCC (Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas) foram avaliados os possíveis impactos das mudanças climáticas sobre a produção leiteira do Estado de Pernambuco. Para tal fim, foram calculados os valores do índice de temperatura e umidade (ITU), considerando os cenários de temperatura e umidade relativa. Em seguida, foram estimados os dados de declínio da produção de leite (DPL) para três níveis de produção (10, 20 e 30 kg animal-1dia-1) e os valores de redução do consumo alimentar (RCA). Verificou-se que os cenários de mudanças climáticas promoveram alterações expressivas nas áreas com possibilidades de criação de vacas leiteiras, inclusive para as principais mesorregiões produtoras do Estado (Garanhuns, Vale do Ipanema e do Ipojuca). Os resultados obtidos auxiliarão produtores e governo na avaliação da vulnerabilidade do sistema de produção, bem como na elaboração de ações de mitigação e de adaptação da pecuária leiteira do Estado de Pernambuco frente aos cenários de mudanças climáticas.Based upon climate projections provided by the B2 and A2 IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change) scenarios, the impacts of climate change on regional milk production in the Pernambuco State have been evaluated. Thus, the values of the temperature and humidity indexes (THI) have been computed considering the temperature and relative humidity modelling projections. Afterwards, the milk production decline (MPD) has been estimated for three production levels (10, 20 e 30 kg animal -1day-1). The values of the feed intake reduction (FIR) were also calculated. It has been demonstrated that climate change as projected by the A2 and B2 scenarios leads to substantial modifications in the present day areas suitable for livestock, particularly at the main Pernambuco production regions (Garanhuns, Ipanema and Ipojuca Valley). The results may, therefore, help farmers and government on the evaluation of the production system vulnerability, as well as suggesting mitigation and adaptation policies for the dairy husbandry in the State of Pernambuco, taking climatic change into account.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o consumo e o custo de energia elétrica em cultura do feijoeiro irrigado por pivô central, cultivar IAC-Carioca, submetida a dois manejos de irrigação: TENS - tensiometria; TCA - balanço hídrico-climatológico, baseado no tanque "Classe A"; e dois sistemas de cultivo em Latossolo Vermelho: PD - plantio direto; PC - plantio convencional, no ano de 2002. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Área Demonstrativa e Experimental de Irrigação - ADEI da FCAV/UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal - SP. O consumo de energia elétrica do sistema de irrigação foi monitorado, e seu custo, analisado para dois grupos tarifários: A e B, sendo os preços do kWh dos sistemas tarifários de energia elétrica obtidos na CPFL (Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz). Os tratamentos em que o manejo da irrigação foi realizado pelo método do tanque "Classe A", ocasionaram os maiores consumos e custos de energia elétrica, em relação aos tratamentos em que o manejo foi realizado por tensiometria; entre os sistemas de plantio, não foram observadas diferenças. A tarifa Horo-Sazonal (verde e/ou azul), com desconto, foi a melhor opção para os quatro tratamentos.The objective of this work was to analyze the consumption and cost of electric energy in dry bean crop, IAC-Carioca, irrigated by center pivot, submitted to two irrigation managements: tensiometry and climatoligical water balance with Class A pan, under conventional and no-tillage systems, growed in Oxisol, in the year of 2002. The research was developed at the Demonstrative and Experimental Area of Irrigation - ADEI, of FCAV/UNESP, Campus of Jaboticabal - SP, Brazil. The irrigation system electric energy consumption was monitored for two tariff groups: A and B. The prices of kWh of the tariff systems of electric energy had been gotten in the CPFL (São Paulo Company of Force and Light). The treatments where the irrigation management was carried through the method of the Class A pan showed higher consumption and cost of electric energy, in relation to the treatments where the management was carried through tensiometry; for the tillage systems it had not been observed differences. The green and/or blue tariff with discount was the best option for the four treatments.