CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: Lesões no musculoesquelético podem ser causadas pela própria contração muscular. OBJETIVO: Analisar em diferentes períodos a lesão do músculo tibial anterior (TA) induzida pela eletroestimulação. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: ratos Wistar macho (298,2 ± 16,0g) foram divididos nos grupos: eletroestimulado (EE) e analisado após 3 e 5 dias (n= 20) e controle (C), 3 e 5 dias (n = 14). O TA, mantido em alongamento, foi lesado por eletroestimulação neuromuscular (90 min, 30Hz, 1m/s, Ton/Toff 4s e 4mA). Após 3 e 5 dias, os animais foram sacrificados e os músculos retirados, sendo os cortes histológicos (10 µm) obtidos em criostato e corados com Azul de Toluidina. Os pesos corporal e muscular foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste T-Student (p < 0,05). RESULTADO: Aumento do peso corporal final quando comparado com inicial em C3 e C5 (288,5 ± 18,3g x 308,5 ± 24,3g; 288,4 ± 15,0g x 305,5 ± 20,7g, respectivamente) e diminuição em EE3 e EE5 (305,0 ± 13,0g x 285,6 ± 13,2g; 306,1 ± 12,4g x 278,4 ± 20,9g, respectivamente). Peso muscular relativo do EE5 foi menor quando comparado com o C5 (0,20 ± 0,001% x0,22 ± 0,01%, respectivamente). Análise histológica mostrou variabilidade na extensão e nos sinais de fibras lesadas e/ou em regeneração e a região distal foi a mais lesada. Grupo EE3 apresentou predominância de infiltrado celular e hipercontração dos miofilamentos, e no grupo EE5 houve predominância de infiltrado celular, basofilia e fibrose. CONCLUSÃO: O período de 2 dias após eletroestimlação foi suficiente para observar diferença no processo de regeneração com maior susceptibilidade à lesão na região distal do músculo tibial anterior. BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle injuries may be caused by contraction of the muscle concerned. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the tibialis anterior muscle at different times following injury induced by electrical stimulation. METHOD: Male Wistar rats (298.2 ± 16.0g) were divided into two electrically stimulated groups evaluated after three and five days (n= 20) and two control groups, also evaluated after three and five days (n= 14). While stretched, the tibialis anterior muscle was injured by neuromuscular electrical stimulation (90 minutes, 30 Hz, 1 m/s, Ton/Toff 4 s and 4 mA). Three and five days afterwards, the animals were sacrificed and the muscles were removed. Histological sections were cut (10 µm) using a cryostat and were stained with toluidine blue. The body and muscle weights were statistically analyzed using Student's t test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The final body weight was higher than the initial weight for the 3-day control group (288.5 ± 18.3g vs. 308.5 ± 24.3g) and 5-day control group (288.4 ± 15.0g vs. 305.5 ± 20.7g) and lower for the 3-day stimulated group (305.0 ± 13.0g vs. 285.6 ± 13.2g) and 5-day stimulated group (306.1 ± 12.4g vs. 278.4 ± 20.9g). The relative muscle weight in the 5-day stimulated group was lower than in the 5-day control group (0.20 ± 0.001% vs. 0.22 ± 0.01%, respectively). The histological analysis showed variance between the animals regarding the extent and signs of fiber damage and/or regeneration, and the distal region was the most injured. The 3-day stimulated group presented predominance of cell infiltrate and myofilament hypercontraction, while the 5-day stimulated group presented predominance of cell infiltrate, basophils and fibrosis. CONCLUSION: A period of two days following electrical stimulation was sufficient for showing a difference in the regeneration process. The distal region of the tibialis anterior muscle was more susceptible to injury.