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Vários estudos apontam para a pluralidade dos sistemas de cuidados para lidar com a doença e neles integram o sistema profissional, popular e alternativo (inclui o complementar e o tradicional). Qual a sua configuração particular em cada sistema cultural é a questão norteadora das duas pesquisas efectuadas. O objectivo deste artigo é o de perceber como se lida com a doença mental, analisando os itinerários terapêuticos que se constroem entre sistemas de cuidados plurais, caracterizando em particular o recurso à medicina tradicional. A análise dos dois estudos (um efectuado na região Norte, outro em Lisboa) permitiu-nos interpretar essas práticas e problematizar os factores socioculturais que determinam e explicam as configurações encontradas. Ambas as pesquisas se enquadram numa metodologia qualitativa. Centrámos a pesquisa na análise dos discursos que obtivemos através de entrevistas semidiretivas, descrevendo-os, interpretando-os e comparando-os. Os resultados apontam para uma pluralidade de itinerários terapêuticos, que se tecem em torno de discursos públicos e privados, onde os sistemas explicativos do recurso à medicina ou às práticas tradicionais encontram sentidos, também eles plurais. As pessoas podem recorrer a estes sistemas de formas diversas, usando um só ou combinando mais do que um, de modo simultâneo ou sequencial, conforme o contexto e as necessidades sentidas face à doença ou ao sofrimento mental. É no espaço de impotência e "incompetência" da medicina "sábia" que se desenvolvem outros sistemas terapêuticos, que é necessário conhecer, pelos resultados que alcançam e pelo seu poder heurístico de explicação da sociedade e da cultura.Several studies point to the plurality of care systems to deal with illness. They can be organized into professional, popular and alternative systems (the latter includes the complementary and the traditional ones). What the particular setup is in each cultural system is the core question of both the empirical studies we report. The purpose of this article is to understand how lay people deal with mental illness, examining the therapeutic itineraries that are constructed between plural care systems, featuring in particular the use of traditional medicine. The analysis of the two studies (one carried out in the north region and the other in Lisbon) allowed us to interpret these practices and discuss the social and cultural factors that determine and explain the settings that were found. Both researches fit into a qualitative methodology. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were performed and were analyzed using discourse analysis to describe and interpret data. The results point to a plurality of therapeutic itineraries, built around public and private speeches, where the explanatory systems underlying the use of official medicine and/or traditional practices found plural meanings. People may use these systems in several forms, using one or combining more than one, simultaneously or sequentially, depending on the context and on the needs they feel to face both illness and mental suffering. It is in between the space of the impotence and 'incompetence' of the 'wise' medicine that other therapeutic systems develop. It is important to understand those systems because of their achievements and their heuristic power to explain society and culture.

Na comunidade de Barra Grande localizada no litoral do Piauí, as mulheres dos pescadores, conhecidas localmente como marisqueiras, extraem do manguezal vários tipos de moluscos para comercialização e em maior escala para a subsistência. Dados sobre a atividade de mariscagem, conceitos de conservação e aspectos socioeconômicos do contexto em que ocorre a atividade de cata dos moluscos, foram revelados após a aplicação de protocolos estruturados e semiestruturados. O molusco bivalve Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791), popularmente denominado de marisco, é caracterizado por ser um importante recurso para a subsistência, sendo o mais coletado pela comunidade, seguido da Mytella charruana (d'Orbigny, 1842), o sururu, explorado para a comercialização por ter o maior valor de mercado. O conhecimento das marisqueiras sobre A. brasiliana foi comparado com literatura especializada, muitas vezes mostrando-se em harmonia com esta. Demonstra-se assim que o conhecimento tradicional deve ser valorizado para delineamento de programas de gestão de recursos pesqueiros da região. Quanto aos modos de pensar, foi revelado que 82,81% das marisqueiras praticam manejo para a conservação da A. brasiliana ao coletar apenas os indivíduos de maior tamanho, e 80,86% consideram que não existe poluição nos pontos de coletas. O surgimento de uma Associação exclusiva e cooperativa para as marisqueiras é necessário para a valorização do trabalho por elas desenvolvido, visto que há uma média estimada de 351 kg de carne sendo extraídos mensalmente.En la comunidad de Barra Grande, situada en la costa del estado de Piaui, las esposas de los pescadores, localmente llamadas de "marisqueiras", extraen de los manglares diversos tipos de moluscos para su comercialización, haciendo de esta actividad en una fuente de subsistencia. Informaciones detalladas y sistemáticas sobre la actividad de cosecha de mariscos, del contexto en el que se desarrolla la recolección y sus aspectos socioeconómicos, asi como la percepción ambiental y los conceptos relacionados a la preservación que tienen las "marisqueiras", sólo fueron conocidas luego de la aplicación de protocolos estructurados y semi-estructurados. El molusco Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791), popularmente conocido como "marisco", es una importante fuente de recursos, siendo el más cosechado por la comunidad; le sigue en importancia el Mytella charruana (d'Orbigny, 1842), conocido como "sururu", cuya explotación se destina principalmente a la comercialización debido a su superior valor de mercado. El conocimiento que las "marisqueiras" tienen de la A. brasiliana fue comparado con el disponible en la literatura especializada, quedando evidente su compatibilidad, lo cual fundamenta la importancia de su valorización en el diseño de programas de gestión de los recursos pesqueros en la región. Estudios sobre el impacto ambiental de la actividad revelaron que el 82,81% de las "marisqueiras" tienen en cuenta las consecuencias de su actividad sobre la preservación, cosechando sólo los ejemplares más grandes, mientras que 80,86% de las trabajadoras considera que no hay contaminación en las zonas de cosecha. En el contexto actual se hace necesaria la creación de una Asociación de "marisqueiras", así como una cooperativa, con el propósito de jerarquizar la actividad, la cual es responsable por la producción estimada en promedio de 351 kg de carne por mes.In the community of Barra Grande located at the coast of Piauí, the wives of fishermen, locally known as "marisqueiras" (female shellfish catcher), extract from the mangrove various kinds of shellfish for commercial purposes and a great amount for subsistence. For a better understanding, data on the activity of "marisqueiras", concepts of conservation and socioeconomic aspects of the context in which occurs the activity of shellfish catching were revealed after the application of semi-structured and structured protocols. The bivalve mussel Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791), popularly known as "marisco", is characterized as an important resource for subsistence being most of it collected by the community, followed by Mytella charruana (d'Orbigny, 1842) the "sururu", extract for commercial purposes due to its highest market value. The knowledge of the "marisqueiras" about A. brasiliana was compared with literature which proved to be compatible, thus showing that it should be valued for the design of programs for the management of fishing resources in the region. About the way of thinking, it was revealed that 82.81% of "marisqueiras" practice the conservation of the A. brasiliana by collecting only the larger individuals and 80.86% consider that there is no pollution at the collection points. The creation of a unique association and a cooperative for the "marisqueiras" is required to value the work by themselves developed, since there are an estimated average of 351 kg of meat being extracted monthly.

The most intense intercultural relationship among Kaingang and non-indigenous was the occupation of the indigenous territories in the first decade of the 19th century. The conflicts did not prevent the imposition of settlements, but they made this policy a failure at the end of the same century. The present research aims at addressing the changes and permanencies in traditional Kaingang practices during periods of pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum. Primary sources such as written and oral stories from the collection of Indigenous History Laboratory (LABHIN) of UFSC were analyzed to the research. The interviews, which were conducted at different times and with women of varying ages, narrate both traditional practices and cultural changes, considering the dynamics of the indigenous cultural system and the sharp contact of this cultural system with the non-indigenous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regina/Saint-Georges forest estate is the subject of increasing attention in French Guiana. Actually, this location has several specific aspects. As the easternmost area, it shows an increasing forestry activity. On the other hand, its southern limit is in direct contact with Oyapock stream, natural border between French Guiana and Brazil. To determine the effective attractiveness of Regina/Saint-Georges forest estate, it is necessary to pinpoint key actors and to characterize their specific practices. Through questionnaires, surveys and interviews with the population, different stakeholders have been identified. Forestry activity is more and more important in this area, the wood professionals play a significant role on the resource. This study permits to retrace the east Guiana forest industry and to propose an evolution on the use of the domain. Especially since the background border with Brazil and the imminent opening of the cross-border bridge between Brazil and French Guiana lead to different questions about the evolutions of access to resources on both sides of the border. Worries for professionals and individuals too. It is important to remember that local population has a significant impact on the resources offered by the forest. Traditional hunting and gathering are still very much practiced by some communities and the forest estate remains for them an essential source of food.