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Introduction The recent discussion of the social determinants of health, which has been promoted by the WHO as a way to approach global health conditions is neither a new nor a foreign subject for Latin American social medicine or collective health. Indeed, this approach to health derives from the principles of 19th century European social medicine which accepted that the health of the population is a matter of social concern, that social and economic conditions have an important bearing on health and disease, and that these relationships should be subjected to scientific enquiry. (Rosen, 1985:81) The specific socio-historical conditions of Latin America in the 1970’s fostered the development of an innovative, critical, and socially-based based health analysis, which was seen in an evolving theoretical approach with deep social roots. (Cohn, 2003) This analysis calls for scientific work which is committed to changing living and working conditions and to improving the health of the popular classes. (Waitzkin y col. 2001; Iriart y col. 2002). From its beginning, this school of socio-medical thought recognized that collective health has two main areas of research: 1) the distribution and determinants of health and disease and 2) the interpretation, technical knowledge, and specialized practices concerning health, disease, and death. The goal is to understand health and disease as differentiated moments in the human lifecycle, subject to permanent change, and expressing the biological nature of the human body under specific forms of social organization, all this in such a way as to allow discussion of causality and determination. (Breilh y Granda,1982; Laurell, 1982). Latin American social medicine criticized biomedical and conventional epidemiological approaches for isolating health and disease from social context, misinterpreting social processes as biological, conceptualizing health phenomena in individualistic terms, and adopting the methodological procedures of the natural sciences

This study aimed to verify the influence of social conditions – living in nursing homes or attending social centres – on memory decline, risk of dementia and depression and social involvement of elderly living on Terceira Island - Azores. Different assessment scales were administered: Weschler Memory Scale – 3rd Edition, Dementia Rating Scale – 2, Geriatric Depression Scale – 15, and Social Involvement Scale. A multivariate analysis of variance showed that elderly participating in social centres had more positive outcomes than institutionalised ones regarding memory decline, risk of dementia, depressive symptoms, and level of social involvement. A hierarchical regression analysis revealed that social condition was a factor for memory decline and risk of dementia, that the principal factor associated with depression was social involvement, and that the main factors related to social involvement were age and gender. These results suggest the importance of activities that promote social involvement in institutionalised elderly individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Paulista de Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The spatial distribution of establishments according to levels of care is a central aspect for understanding access to health services. The objective of this work was to analyze the location of Unified Health System establishments, according to spatial patterns of urban living conditions and levels of care in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. The Urban Well-Being Index was used to measure living conditions and socio-spatial inequalities in the region. The health units were georeferenced and accounted for by weighting areas, stratified according to urban well-being categories. The changes in the provision of services were verified, considering the years 2010, 2012, 2015 and 2018. The results show intrametropolitan inequalities and variations in the number of health units. Primary health care units are concentrated in places with poor urban living conditions, but there was a 90% increase in the stratum with better conditions. Hospitals are concentrated in privileged locations, and, during the period, there was a 100% reduction in hospitals in the neediest stratum. The trends observed highlight convergences between urban inequalities and the provision of health services and their reproduction in the metropolitan urban space of Rio de Janeiro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the emergence of the new coronavirus, in 2019, in China, in record time, its spread to all continents, leading the World Health Organization to declare a pandemic situation on March 11, 2020. Therefore, a global effort was developed in the fight against COVID-19, involving the enactment of administrative acts on an emergency basis, such as social isolation, closing borders and, more recently, the implementation of the vaccination schedule. In this perspective, the municipality of Niteroi, located in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro, was chosen as a study area to understand how the spatial diffusion of Sars-CoV-2 occurred in the first year of spatialization (January 2020 to July 2021, the year of prevalence of the gamma variant. Regarding the methodological procedures, an exploratory analysis of the epidemiological data was used: cases and deaths with the intention of revealing spatiotemporal patterns of diffusion. First, the Pettitt statistical test was applied to identify the point of rupture and trend change of the universe of data. After applying the test and establishing the temporal clipping, Kernel Density statistics were used with the production of choropleth maps of the pattern of spatial diffusion among neighborhoods over epidemiological weeks and also maps of the rate of incidence by neighborhoods. As a result, it was possible to understand that the spatial spread of the virus took place primarily via road structuring axis/population mobility, established by the influence of the intra-municipal hierarchy, where central neighborhoods had the first case and after stabilization there was the interiorization of the dissemination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the experiences of women waste pickers in the face of the implications caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in an association in the Distrito Federal (DF). The main objective was to understand the precarious life situation of women waste pickers inserted in a systemic and institutional inequality of capitalism. For that, an ethnography was carried out that combined observation and listening techniques (informal conversations and semi-structured interviews). Through this, it was possible to monitor the daily life of these women, from the onset of one of the greatest health crises in humanity until the period of return to work activities. The results revealed that the waste pickers are inserted in the logic of precariousness of life, and the conditions were aggravated with the arrival of the new coronavirus when the vulnerability related to the informal work bond, the unhealthy conditions and health risks inherent to the occupation and the difficulties increased. access to health and social assistance services. The context shows a complex deal related to the fear of unemployment, the difficulties and barriers to entering the labor market and maintaining one's livelihood. Above all, it worsened more intensely in the face of the absence of policies and programs aimed at them, the State did little to reduce the impacts of the pandemic on their lives. Thus, the established health crisis reflected their fragility in the face of the recycling cycle. This fact demonstrates the urgent need for government actions to embrace this social group, both during the pandemic and post-pandemic of COVID-19, aiming to overcome social invisibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To identify socioeconomic factors associated with antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli in Chilean hospitals (2008–2017). Methods. We reviewed the scientific literature on socioeconomic factors associated with the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Using multivariate regression, we tested findings from the literature drawing from a longitudinal dataset on antimicrobial resistance from 41 major private and public hospitals and a nationally representative household survey in Chile (2008–2017). We estimated resistance rates for three priority antibiotic–bacterium pairs, as defined by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; i.e., imipenem and meropenem resistant P. aeruginosa, cloxacillin resistant S. aureus, and cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin resistant E. coli. Results. Evidence from the literature review suggests poverty and material deprivation are important risk factors for the emergence and transmission of antimicrobial resistance. Most studies found that worse socioeconomic indicators were associated with higher rates of antimicrobial resistance. Our analysis showed an overall antimicrobial resistance rate of 32.5%, with the highest rates for S. aureus (40.6%) and the lowest for E. coli (25.7%). We found a small but consistent negative association between socioeconomic factors (income, education, and occupation) and overall antimicrobial resistance in univariate (p < 0.01) and multivariate analyses (p < 0.01), driven by resistant P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Conclusion. Socioeconomic factors beyond health care and hospital settings may affect the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Preventing and controlling antimicrobial resistance requires efforts above and beyond reducing antibiotic consumption.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the occurrence of violence in the elderly and its associated factors in the city of Betim, Minas Gerais. Method: cross-sectional study constituted by a population survey conducted through structured interviews. The sample was stratified by clusters and included 178 elderly people at the end. Data were analyzed by the chi-square test and was performed a Correspondence Analysis. Results: The most prevalent forms of violence were: lack of access to social rights (31%), verbal violence (22%), moral/psychological (19%), lack of care (16%), physical violence (6%), sexual (3%) and discrimination (3%). Women suffered more abuse than men and violence had greater association with the degree of depressive symptoms. Conclusion: our research has direct implication for the sectors interested in coping with violence in the elderly, especially for nurses, because it shows violence is part of a cycle with characteristic associated factors that conforms a model nested mainly in the family relationship.

Abstract: Our study aims to describe trends in new case detection rate (NCDR) of leprosy in Brazil from 2006 to 2017 overall and in subgroups, and to analyze the evolution of clinical and treatment characteristics of patients, with emphasis on cases diagnosed with grade 2 physical disabilities. We conducted a descriptive study to analyze new cases of leprosy registered in the Brazilian Information System for Notificable Diseases (SINAN), from 2006-2017. We calculated the leprosy NCDR per 100,000 inhabitants (overall and for individuals aged < 15 and ≥ 15 years) by sex, age, race/ethnicity, urban/rural areas, and Brazilian regions, and estimated the trends using the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test. We analyzed the distributions of cases according to relevant clinical characteristics over time. In Brazil, there was a sharp decrease in the overall NCDR from 23.4/100,000 in 2006 to 10.3/100,000 in 2017; among children < 15 years, from 6.94 to 3.20/100,000. The decline was consistent in all Brazilian regions and race/ethnicity categories. By 2017, 70.2% of the cases were multibacillary, 30.5% had grade 1 (G1D) or 2 (G2D) physical disabilities at diagnosis and 42.8% were not evaluated at treatment completion/discharge; cases with G2D at diagnosis were mostly detected in urban areas (80%) and 5% of cases died during the treatment (leprosy or other causes). Although the frequency of leprosy NCDR decreased in Brazil from 2006 to 2017 across all evaluated population groups, the large number of cases with multibacillary leprosy, physical disabilities or without adequate evaluation, and among children suggest the need to reinforce timely diagnosis and treatment to control leprosy in Brazil.

Abstract Objective: to determine the dietary patterns of elderly persons in terms of sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical aspects. Method: a cross-sectional study was conducted using the cohorts of the SABE (Health, Wellbeing and Aging) study. An epidemiological, home-based study representative of the city of São Paulo was carried out. The population of this study included 1,304 elderly persons (≥60 years), of both genders, selected by probabilistic stratified sampling, interviewed in 2010. Food intake data were obtained through a qualitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were determined by exploratory factorial analysis by principal components. The Wald test was used for complex sampling. Results: four dietary patterns were identified: inadequate patterns, consisting of fried and canned food, sausages, sweets, tubers, industrialized sauces and eggs; modified pattern, skimmed milk, whole grain breads and cereals, light/diet/zero foods; beneficial pattern, fruits, vegetables and tubers; and traditional Brazilian pattern, vegetable oils, rice, refined cereals and white bread, meats and legumes (beans). The sociodemographic and lifestyle profile of the elderly persons who adopted each dietary pattern was different. Conclusion: healthier dietary patterns were associated with the female gender, older elderly persons, two or more chronic diseases, higher levels of schooling, a better lifestyle and a better self-perception of health. It is important to consider all these aspects as they are determinant in the type of diet adopted by this population.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To analyze the tuberculosis spatial pattern and its relationship with socioeconomic indicators, from 2008 to 2015, in a priority city for tuberculosis control by the National Tuberculosis Control Program, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. Methods: Ecological study in which the units of analysis were 81 urban regions of Juiz de Fora. Secondary data from Notifiable Diseases Information System and 2010 Demographic Census were used. Georeferenced data from 1,854 notifications were used to elaborate thematic maps in order to verify the distribution pattern of average tuberculosis rates and socioeconomic indicators within the city. Global spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I) and local (Local Indicator of Spatial Association) and multiple linear regression model were estimated to analyze the relationship between the average tuberculosis incidence rate and socioeconomic indicators. Results: The average tuberculosis incidence rate was 48.3 cases/100,000 inhabitants/year. It was found that the urban regions corresponding to central regions of the city had lower rates with a progressive increase toward the urban regions representative of the most peripheral neighborhoods. All variables showed significant spatial autocorrelation. The regression model showed an association between the average tuberculosis incidence rate and the proportion of poor, household density, and aging index. Conclusion: The dynamics of tuberculosis transmission in Juiz de Fora may be explained by the maintenance of social inequality and urban space organization process.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to reflect about the vulnerability of the family, using the book The Human Condition by Hannah Arendt as reference, to better understand how this institution has been structured in today’s world. Results: the rupture of assistance relations among family members represents a situation of vulnerability that weakens the family institution, leading to the loss of the assertiveness in the society. Support for the development of human capabilities in families and in the territory provides the benefit of strengthening them to face of vulnerabilities. Conclusions: the vulnerability of the family presents itself as a historic milestone, condition on which the family institution was built and organized as a public and private property, putting in evidence the importance to develop a more holistic and integrate care to the people, based on health public policies and social assistance.

Copyright of Sexualidad, Salud y Sociedad: Revista Latinoamericana is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Objective: To identify the social reproduction characteristics of nursing undergraduates. Method: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in two undergraduate degree courses in nursing, one public and one private, in the state of São Paulo. Results: There were 285 students who participated, with 195 from the public university and 90 from the private one, who answered a questionnaire to classify social reproduction profiles. Four groups with different social conditions were identified. Although most families had stable living conditions, the percentage of families with poor working and living conditions was not negligible. Conclusion: The analysis on the social reproduction of the families of undergraduate students of the two courses exposed stability gradients which are compatible with intermediate social strata.

Objective: to analyze the association of sociodemographic variables and the domains of the Abbreviated Quality of Life Assessment Instrument (WHOQOL-Bref) in nursing professionals. Methods: cross-sectional study, carried out with 85 nursing professionals of the Family Health Strategy program. Data collection was performed using the sociodemographic form and the WHOQOL-Bref. Sociodemographic data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the WHOQOL-Bref went through analysis of variance, Student's t test, and Tukey's multiple comparison test. A significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: in the association between sociodemographic characteristics of nursing professionals and the WHOQOL-Bref, a statistically significant association was evidenced for the environment domain, when associated with family income. Conclusion: professionals with lower incomes tend to have a better quality of life.

Objective: develop a model that is able to identify the correlation between socioeconomic determinants and incidence of tuberculosis in the indigenous population of the state of Pará. Method: quantitative analytical study, which built a predictive model using Poisson regression for 285 new cases reported in the Notifiable Diseases Information System, from January 2010 to December 2015, in the state of Pará. Results: the model confirmed that 86% of the total number of new cases can be explained by the variables: receipt of social benefits from the government, income, education and sex. The first variable was considered the most significant with p

Abstract Objective: to analyze the proposal of an action plan created by nurses to deal with difficulties in caring for the elderly. The aim of the present study was therefore to analyze the difficulties that family caregivers find in relation to access to services, material resources and the support network when meeting the care needs of the elderly in accordance with Brazilian public policy. Method: the methodology of participatory research and content analysis proposed by Bardin was used. The context was the Geriatric service of a university hospital. The group of co-researchers included eight nurses and 12 caregivers of elderly people with dementia. Results: the following categories emerged from the analysis: contradictions and work proposals. The contradictions category revealed reflections about the difference between the proposed care for the elderly and the reality of a lack of care and the precarious conditions of health services. This situation leads to overburdening of caregivers. The work proposals refer to the strategies used by nurses to establish a relationship of support to family caregivers to cope with the difficulties involved in care for the elderly. Conclusion: nurses recognize that they are professionals capable of receiving, listening to and managing the needs of family caregivers of the elderly, thus promoting the health of the elderly and the caregivers themselves, preparing the family of the patient for home care and coping with difficulties experienced in elderly care.

Copyright of SMAD Revista Electronica Salud Mental, Alcohol y Drogas is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirao Preto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RESUMO: Introdução: A ocorrência da tuberculose tem sido relacionada à organização espacial e à melhoria das condições de vida da população. Contudo, essa relação não é de forma direta, e o adoecimento por tuberculose envolve processos de diferentes níveis de organização. Método: Estudo ecológico que analisa a relação entre condições de vida e tuberculose no município de Niterói, Brasil. Foram criados dois indicadores, socioambiental e programático, por meio de análise fatorial e analisados por regressão no período de 2008 a 2012. Foram construídos mapas temáticos com os dados referentes à taxa de incidência e aos indicadores, para verificar o padrão da distribuição da taxa de incidência e desses indicadores no município. Resultados: Os resultados apontaram associação direta e significativa entre os dois indicadores com a taxa de incidência de tuberculose. O aumento em uma unidade no indicador programático esteve associado com um aumento na taxa de incidência em 7%. Já o indicador socioambiental associou-se com uma taxa de tuberculose 27% mais elevada. Discussão: Os resultados do presente trabalho foram consistentes ao constatar relação direta entre tuberculose e condições de vida no município de Niterói. Conclusão: Podemos concluir que a dinâmica da transmissão da tuberculose no município de Niterói pode ser explicada pela ocorrência da doença em áreas de periferia social consolidada e pela vulnerabilidade social de grupos específicos.

Abstract: Basal cell carcinoma and Squamous cell carcinoma, referred to as non-melanoma skin cancer, are the most common malignancies in humans. Their incidence is increasing worldwide every year. In Brazil, even with the advent of educational campaigns on photoprotection and laws that banned tanning beds, they are the most frequent neoplasias, representing a public health problem recognized by the Ministry of health.

Copyright of Revista Espacios is the property of Talleres de Impresos Oma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim was to characterize the social conditions, incidence of diarrhea, and maternal conducts in the prevention and management of this pathology. A descriptive study was undertaken with 385 mothers of children below five years of age, resident in the rural region of Ceará, in August – October 2015. Structured interviews were held, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. It was ascertained that 79.7% of the houses had a septic tank; 71.1% used the public service as their water supply; 96.6% of the mothers washed their hands with soap and water; 52.7% of the children investigated had had diarrhea; and 91.2% of the mothers who mentioned offering home-prepared oral rehydration solution to their child prepared this inadequately. It was observed that maternal skills are essential for the children’s well-being, and that it is important that the mothers should be provided with guidance and encouraged in relation to the prevention and treatment of diarrhea.

This was an integrative literature review, with the aim to describe the social networks that support women during breastfeeding. The search took place in January 2014 with the following inclusion criteria: articles written in Portuguese, English and Spanish, published from 2004 to 2013, available on the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System on-line databases, using the “social conditions, social support, breastfeeding and family” descriptors. Twenty-three articles in Portuguese and three in English were found. After analysis, three categories were defined: family support; support from health professionals and social support. In conclusion, partners, grandmothers and female figures (sisters, aunts) were the women’s most cited social agents. Health professionals form an important support network for continuing breastfeeding.

A família é influenciada por fatores de ordem social, cultural, econômica, política, determinando transformações em sua configuração e dinâmica. A desigualdade socioeconômica coloca muitas famílias brasileiras em situação de vulnerabilidade, requisitando novas formas de compreender esse grupo social. Para análise desse núcleo, a Teoria das Representações Sociais fornece referencial necessário, objetivando-se neste estudo analisar as produções científicas sobre as representações sociais de família em contexto de vulnerabilidade. Os elementos centrais destas representações por diversos grupos sociais parecem ser o modelo ideal de família, pobreza/desemprego e relações familiares fragilizadas, aos quais se associam novas configu­rações familiares, condições precárias de vida, violência intrafamiliar, comprometimento do desenvolvimento biopsicossocial, valores morais e culturais. Concluindo, as representações de família em situação de vulnerabilidade contêm elementos das representações hegemônicas e elementos da realidade vivida, indicando transformação destas representações e a necessidade de aprofundamento nesse campo de estudos para melhor compreensão das famílias e qualificação das intervenções. ABSTRACT The family is affected by social, cultural, economic, and political factors, which change its configuration and dy­namics. Social and economic inequality accounts for vulnerable conditions many families face and new ways of understanding that social group are required. For analysis of that core, this study is based on the Social Representations Theory framework. It aims at analyzing the scientific production on social representations of the family in vulnerable contexts. Central elements in those social representations by several groups point to the ideal family model, poverty/unemployment and fragile family relationships, associated to new family configurations, poor living conditions, family violence, impairment of bio psychosocial development, moral and cultural values. Conclusions show that representations of family in vulnerable conditions contain both elements of hegemonic representations and elements of reality, signaling a change in those representations, which call for further studies to enhance understanding of families and qualification of interventions. RESUMEN La familia es influenciada por factores sociales, culturales, económicos, políticos, determinando cambios en su configuración y dinámica. La desigualdad socioeconómica pone muchas familias en situación de vulnerabilidad, lo que requiere nuevas formas de entender este grupo social. Para el análisis de este núcleo, la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales es eficaz. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la producción científica sobre las representaciones sociales de la familia en el contexto de vulnerabilidad. Los elementos centrales de estas representaciones sociales parecen ser el modelo ideal de familia, la pobreza/desempleo y las relaciones familiares frágiles, que están asociados con las nuevas configuraciones familiares, malas condiciones de vida, violencia familiar, comprometimiento del desarrollo biopsicosocial, valores morales y culturales. Así, las representaciones de la familia contienen elementos de las representaciones hegemónicas y elementos de la realidad, indicando una transformación de estas representaciones y la necesidad de realizar más estudios en este campo.

A territorial analysis of Aedes aegypti density was conducted in two Colombian cities using an ecosystem and chorematic approach. Entomological and behavioral data (by cluster) and information on the urban context were used to analyze the relationship between territorial structures and dynamics and vector density. The results were represented in graphic (chorematic) models. Arauca showed higher vector density than Armenia. Higher density was related to unplanned urbanization, flood-prone areas, low socioeconomic strata, household water tanks, higher temperature, and recall of control measures for adult mosquitos. Zones with low density indices coincided with diverse socioeconomic, ecological, and behavioral conditions. The study found a relationship between territorial structures and dynamics and vector density in both Arauca and Armenia, where the interaction between ecological and social systems shape areas with high and low A. aegypti density.

Objective: to analyze the repercussions of transphobia on trans men's and transmasculine people's health., Method: a qualitative study carried out with 38 participants, 35 trans men and three trans men, who attended specialized transgender health services in Bahia, Brazil. In-depth interviews were carried out between June 2019 and February 2020. The Discourse of Collective Subject technique was used and interpretation based on the theoretical concept of transphobia., Results: transphobia has intra and interpersonal repercussions on the life and health of trans men and transmasculine people who attend health services. There were experiences of violence in the private space, fraying of family ties; discrimination in the school space; limitation in professional/work opportunities; barriers to self-care and access to health services; elaboration of trans identity protection strategies; consequences of transphobia on psycho-emotional health., Conclusion: transphobia is a social disease that affects different life and health dimensions. It causes damage to the socialization of trans men and transmasculine people, in addition to health service spaces as well as in family environments, schools, universities and at work, which result in non-adherence to self-care, distancing from health services and psycho-emotional distress.

The object of study refers to the representations of spirituality and religiosity for women who belong to Afro-diasporic religions, specifically those who are faithful to Umbanda and Candomblé. The objective was to analyze the representational structure of spirituality and religiosity for Umbandist and Candomblecist women with the aim of thinking of an explanatory model of this symbolic construction and implications for the practice of care in the area of health. Qualitative study, in the light of Social Representations in its structural approach. Data collected with 207 Umbandist and Candomblecist women through free evocations of the inducing terms "spirituality" and "religiosity", in addition to the characterization and scale of religiosity. The evocations were submitted to prototypical and similarity analyses with Iramuteq, while quantitative data to descriptive statistics. The results show that the central elements for religiosity are faith, belief, God and love, while for spirituality, they are faith, Orixás, God, peace and love. The tree of similarity explains the centrality of faith for the structuring of this representation. The representations are organized around the idea of ​​a relationship between the human and the divine.

This quantitative, cross-sectional study aimed to describe the socioeconomic and demographic profile of the older elderly users of a Primary Health Unit in the city of Curitiba, State of Parana, Brazil. The study included 100 elderly people of 80 years or over, selected by inclusion and exclusion criteria, in the sample period from February to April 2011. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed through descriptive statistics. Results showed a higher number of white women, widows, aged between 80 and 84 years, family income of one minimum wage, without occupation, who live with children or alone. The characteristics highlighted in the socioeconomic and demographic profile of the elderly people may compromise their health and well-being. An intensification of geriatric care programs and activities directed towards the social inclusion of old age is recommend.

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Homeless people are a group of people who are on the margins of society. Considering that social conditions are determinants of the health-disease process, social inequities end up making this population extremely vulnerable to illness, since many of their basic needs are not contemplated. This research aimed to get to know life histories and strategies of survival of homeless people in a large city of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. A qualitative research was carried out in which five homeless persons older than 18 years old participated in a semi-structured interview. The interviewees' life histories reports were organized based on Bardin's (2011) content analysis technique and in this article the category "Surviving on the streets and despite the streets" will be herein discussed. The research data made it possible to identify that the life histories of homeless people in the municipality in question are marked by a succession of tragedies, losses, violence, social exclusion, difficulty in accessing public services and denial of human rights, and, paradoxically, some feeling of belonging, of group identity, and of survival easiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Saúde e Sociedade is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Saude Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Sustainability in Debate / Sustentabilidade em Debate is the property of University of Brasilia, Center for Sustainable Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: this study aimed to investigate the incidence of premature rupture of fetal membranes in preterm singleton pregnancies and its association with sociodemographic factors and maternal self-reported genitourinary infections. Methods: this was a population-based cross-sectional study, which included all mothers of newborns of singleton deliveries that occurred in 2010, with birth weight ≥ 500 grams, who resided in the city of Rio Grande. Women were interviewed in the two maternity hospitals. Cases were women who had lost amniotic fluid before hospitalization and whose gestational age was less than 37 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed by levels to control for confounding factors using Poisson regression. Results: of the 2,244 women eligible for the study, 3.1% had preterm premature rupture of fetal membranes, which was more frequent, after adjustment, in women of lower socioeconomic status, (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.94), with lower level of schooling (PR = 2.43), age > 29 years (PR = 2.49), and smokers (PR = 2.04). It was also associated with threatened miscarriage (PR = 1.68) and preterm labor, (PR = 3.40). There was no association with maternal urinary tract infection or presence of genital discharge. Conclusions: the outcome was more common in puerperal women with lower level of schooling, lower socioeconomic status, older, and smokers, as well as those with a history of threatened miscarriage and premature labor. These factors should be considered in the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy approach.

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The homicide mortality risks are quite different according to the social groups'living conditions. Thus, the construction of indicators that contribute to the diagnosis of the population living conditions enables the guidance of health actions in a more specific way to the most vulnerable populations. The study aimed to obtain the spatial correlation and study the association between the living conditions and the distribution of homicide victims' residences during the year of 2010, in the city of Itabuna-Bahia. This is an ecological study using the indicator Adapted from Living Conditions, to which resorted to data from death certificates and census data in the year of 2010. In the statistical analysis it was used the SPSS 18 software as the ArcGIS 10 was used in georeferencing. The comparison between the maps of living conditions and homicide victims residences highlighted the relationship between the phenomenon and the poorest areas of the urban zone of the municipality. The crude odds ratio when comparing the high and low living conditions clusters was equal to 12.62 and equal to 6.93 for the average and low living conditions clusters. The stratification of the municipality according to living conditions and spatial distribution of the homicides victims' residences allowed the identification of areas where the population is morevulnerable, providing support for surveillance activities to the violence issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social and demographic profile, health and social conditions of elderly people aged 80 or more are analyzed in current quantitative, descriptive and transversal study evaluating the socio-demographic profile (12 items), health (15 items) and social conditions (4 items) of 58 elderly people aged 80, through a structured questionnaire with 31 items. Results showed that sample comprised predominantly females (68.96%), widows (62.06%), aged 80-89 years (79.31%), with basic schooling (89.63%) and retired (75.86%). They owned their own house (65.51%); they had children or grandchildren (89.65%); they were Catholics (84.48%); they had a health care plan (58.62%); they featured eye problems (72.41%) and employed corrective devices (72.41%). Most had systemic arterial hypertension (55.17%), they used hypotension drugs (55.17%); they made regular visits to the doctor (63.79%); underwent physiotherapy (53.44%), practiced physical exercises (65.11%) and classified their health status as fair or good (43.10%). The social and demographic profile and the health and social conditions of eighty-year-old people may contribute towards in-depth studies on this category. It is an issue of public health due to the growing population involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saúde e Sociedade is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Saude Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJETIVO: analisar quais aspectos perinatais, cognitivos e sociais são fatores de risco para dificuldade s de aprendizagem em leitura, escrita e aritmética. MÉTODO: participaram desse estudo 45 crianças (média de 8,3 anos). Preliminarmente, os responsáveis de cada criança responderam a um questionário para coleta de informações a respeito da gestação, do nascimento e do desenvolvimento da criança, além dos aspectos sociais que a envolvem. O desempenho das crianças em tarefas de leitura, escrita, aritmética, consciência fonológica, memória fonológica e processamento auditivo foram avaliados. Para a análise das relações entre as variáveis independentes (fatores perinatais, cognitivos e sociais) e as dependentes (leitura, escrita e aritmética) utilizou-se como método estatístico a Regressão Logística. RESULTADOS: a consciência fonológica foi fator de risco para a leitura (OD = 42; p-valor 0,02), para a escrita (OD = 10,8; p-valor 0,01) e para a aritmética (OD = 42; p-valor 0,002). A memória fonológica foi significante para a leitura (OD = 24; p-valor 0,04) e para a aritmética (OD = 4; p-valor 0,04). Observa-se também, que a escolaridade materna elevada funciona como proteção para problemas escolares (OD = 0,3; p-valor >0,001) ou para intensificar essas dificuldades (OD = 2,3; >0,001). Não houve relação entre peso ao nascimento, prematuridade e outras variáveis com desempenho escolar. CONCLUSÕES: crianças que possuem alterações de consciência fonológica e de memória fonológica ou, que são filhas e/ou convivem com pessoas de baixa escolaridade, são crianças com maiores chances de apresentarem dificuldades de aprendizagem.PURPOSE: the main purpose of this study is to analyze the social, cognition and perinatal aspects that increase the risk of a child in reading, writing or arithmetic alterations. METHOD: we analyzed 45 children (about 8.3 year old), in average, and observed their reading, writing, arithmetic, phonological awareness, memory and auditory processing skills. In addition, the children's parents answered a questionnaire about the child's gestation, birth, life and social aspects. In order to check the relationship among the independent and dependent variables (reading, writing, arithmetic), we used the logistic regression. RESULTS: we observed that alterations in phonological awareness increase the risk of a child in reading (OD = 42; p-value 0.02), writing (OD = 10.8; p-value 0.01) or arithmetic (OD = 42; p-value 0.002) alterations. Alterations in phonological memory increase the risk of a child in reading (OD = 24; p-value 0.04) or arithmetic (OD = 42; p-value 0.04). In the study we also observed that high education level of children's mother reduce the risk for children's school problems (OD = 0,3; p-value > 0.001) and mother's low level education (OD = 2.3; p-value > 0.001) affect the children's reading. The weight in birth or prematurity is not related with school performance. CONCLUSIONS: children who have phonological awareness and phonological memory alterations or children who also have low education level mothers have increased the risk as for learning problems.