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Introduction. The younger population is disproportionately affected by NCDs, which are also rapidly affecting the poorer sections of the Indian population. Adolescents' unhealthy food intake and lack of physical activity are major contributors to the emergence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Objective. To understand the way leisure time is utilized by the individuals of 10-30 years age from the rural central India, in order to find opportunities for promoting recreational activities. Methods. A qualitative study was conducted using Daily Activity Schedule for formative research for V-CaN (Vitalizing Communities against No communicable diseases) project in 12 villages selected using convenience sampling maintaining variability with individuals of age 10-30 years. The activity was conducted separately with boys and girls, and content analysis was performed to analyze data

Introduction: Reproductive health is essential for women’s overall well-being, yet vaginal infections like Bacterial Vaginosis (BV), Candidiasis, and Trichomoniasis are prevalent and can lead to severe complications if left untreated. In high-income countries, healthcare systems are generally equipped to handle these infections; however, in resource-limited settings, barriers such as geographic isolation, financial constraints, and social stigmas hinder access to effective care. Self-collected vaginal swabs present a promising alternative to traditional physician-collected samples, offering potential benefits in these underserved regions. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the feasibility, diagnostic accuracy, and community acceptance of self-collected vaginal swabs compared to physician-collected samples for diagnosing bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, and trichomoniasis in resource-limited settings, and to explore strategies for the broader implementation of this approach to improve women’s reproductive health. Methods: This narrative review synthesizes literature on the effectiveness, feasibility, and community acceptance of self-collected vaginal swabs compared to physician-collected samples for diagnosing BV, Candidiasis, and Trichomoniasis. A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, and institutional repositories for studies from January 2000 to May 2024. The review encompasses various sections, including background on the significance of timely diagnosis, initiatives empowering women through self-collection, challenges and successes of these initiatives, and strategies for quality assurance and policy advocacy. Results: Selfcollected vaginal swabs were found to be as accurate as physician-collected samples in diagnosing BV, Candidiasis, and Trichomoniasis. The method enhances accessibility and reduces stigma, showing potential for broader application in community health settings. Conclusion: Self-collected vaginal swabs represent a viable solution to reproductive health challenges in resource-limited settings. They offer comparable diagnostic accuracy, enhance accessibility, and can reduce cultural barriers to seeking care. Future efforts should focus on community education, technological innovations, and policy reforms to maximize the effectiveness and sustainability of this approach in improving global women’s health.

ABSTRACT The main purpose of this study was to analyse the psychometric properties of the Chilean-Spanish version of the Attitudes towards Inclusion Scale (AIS), the Intention to Teach in Inclusive Classrooms Scale (ITICS), and the Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practices (TEIP) scale. The secondary objective was to establish whether the intention to teach in inclusive classrooms is influenced by attitudes and self-efficacy. Participants were 569 in-service teachers. The results indicated adequate reliability scores for the three instruments. The results of the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the AIS confirmed the existence of two factors. The ITICS was determined to be unidimensional. The factor structure of the TEIP scale differed substantially from that of the original scale, and two factorial solutions were determined to be the best fit for Chilean teachers. Self-efficacy for inclusive practices and attitudes towards inclusion had a positive effect on intention to implement inclusive practices. The implications of the findings for teacher education programmes are discussed.

Abstract Objective: We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials evaluating the clinical effects of ferric carboxymaltose therapy compared to other intravenous iron in improving hemoglobin and serum ferritin in pregnant women. We also assessed the safety of ferric carboxymaltose vs. other intravenous iron. Data source: EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched for trials related to ferric carboxymaltose in pregnant women, published between 2005 and 2021. We also reviewed articles from google scholar. The keywords "ferric carboxymaltose," "FCM," "intravenous," "randomized," "pregnancy," "quality of life," and "neonatal outcomes" were used to search the literature. The search was limited to pregnant women. Selection of studies: Studies related to ferric carboxymaltose in pregnancy were scanned. Observational studies, review articles, and case reports were excluded. Randomized studies in pregnant women involving ferric carboxymaltose and other intravenous iron formulations were shortlisted. Of 256 studies, nine randomized control trials were selected. Data collection: Two reviewers independently extracted data from nine selected trials Data synthesis: The final effect size for increase in hemoglobin after treatment was significant for ferric carboxymaltose vs. iron sucrose/iron polymaltose (standard mean difference 0.89g/dl [95% confidence interval 0.27,1.51]). The final effect size for the increase in ferritin after treatment was more for ferric carboxymaltose vs. iron sucrose/iron polymaltose (standard mean difference 22.53µg/L [-7.26, 52.33]). No serious adverse events were reported with ferric carboxymaltose or other intravenous iron. Conclusion: Ferric carboxymaltose demonstrated better efficacy than other intravenous iron in increasing hemoglobin and ferritin levels in treating iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a combination therapy involving NB-UVB phototherapy, bFGF-related decapeptide, and fractional CO2 laser in stable non-segmental vitiligo cases. Method: A prospective interventional study was conducted on clinically stable, non-segmental vitiligo patients. The combination therapy was administered for 16 weeks, and patients were followed up for 12 weeks. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Twenty patients aged 12-60 years were enrolled. After 16 weeks, 65% of patients showed good to excellent repigmentation (> 50%) with perifollicular repigmentation being commonly observed. The time for initial repigmentation was as early as 4 weeks. Adverse effects were mild and transient, with no recurrence observed during the follow-up period. Conclusion: This novel combination therapy demonstrated significant repigmentation rates in stable non-segmental vitiligo and presents a potential safe and efficacious therapeutic option in clinical settings.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of “non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT)” on periodontal and renal parameters in periodontitis patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease. Material and Methods: The review protocol has been registered in Prospero (CRD42020150938). Up to November 2019, we searched the PUBMED database without language constraints. We included randomized controlled (parallel-group or cross-over) trials with CKD and chronic periodontitis in adults aged 18 years and above. Three review authors independently assessed the studies. Three review writers gathered data and simultaneously assessed the risk of bias for individual trials using traditional Cochrane procedures. Results: Studies showed high variability. Three randomized clinical trials (RCT) were excluded because of high heterogeneity; meta-analysis could not be performed. Conclusion: Non-surgical periodontal therapy effectively improves periodontal and renal parameters. However, a meta-analysis could not be performed because of the high heterogeneity among the studies.

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) and trichotillomania (TTM) belong to non-cicatricial alopecia. These disorders may have similar clinical features with different therapeutic protocols and prognoses. Trichoscopy has proved to be an office-based tool that helps in the diagnosis and differentiation of different types of alopecia. Objective: Our objective is to differentiate and diagnose AA and TTM based on trichoscopic features. Methods: The present cross-sectional and observational study was conducted on 86 patients presenting with complaints of hair loss in the outpatient department from January 2019 to September 2020. A scalp examination was done, followed by the dermatoscopic examination with a Dermlite DL4 dermatoscope. Results: The percentage of black dots was higher in AA as compared to TTM. Broken hair at equal lengths was observed in AA, whereas broken hair at varying lengths was seen in TTM. Coiled hair, V-sign, and flame hair were only seen in TTM. Conclusion: The combination of black dots, broken hair, and exclamation mark favored the diagnosis of AA. Hair breaking at varying lengths, the V sign, flame hair, and coiled hair were exclusively seen in TTM.

Objectives: Although the Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) includes ancillary symptom dimensions – insight, avoidance, degree of indecisiveness, inflated sense of responsibility, pervasive slowness/disturbance of inertia, and pathological doubting –, we know little about their clinical/scientific utility. We examined these ancillary dimensions in childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and tested their associations with clinical characteristics. Methods: Treatment-seeking children and adolescents (n=173) with a DSM-5 OCD diagnosis were recruited from six centers in India and evaluated with a semi-structured proforma for sociodemographic/clinical details, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5, the CY-BOCS, the Children’s Depression Rating Scale, and the Family Interview for Genetic Studies. Regression analysis was used to study the associations between ancillary dimensions (independent variables) and clinical variables (dependent variables). Results: 87.9% of the sample reported at least a mild-moderate severity of ancillary dimensions, which were highly intercorrelated. Multiple ancillary dimensions were correlated with illness severity on the CY-BOCS. On regression analysis, only insight and avoidance retained significance. There were few differential associations between OCD symptom and ancillary dimensions. Conclusion: Ancillary dimensions are more a feature of illness severity than differentially associated with individual symptom dimensions in childhood OCD. Insight and avoidance should be considered for inclusion in the assessment of illness severity in childhood OCD.

Abstract Internal thoracic artery aneurysms (ITAAs) are rare with wide variation in clinical presentation and a high risk of rupture. Endovascular techniques are increasingly being used for treatment of such aneurysms over surgical repair in recent times. A 34-year-old male presented with progressive swelling of the right anterior chest wall for 2 weeks and was diagnosed with right internal thoracic artery aneurysm with contained rupture. He underwent successful endovascular repair with coil embolization of ruptured right ITAA. Post intervention computed tomography (CT) angiography confirmed sealing of the ruptured aneurysm with no residual filling of the sac. At six months follow-up he is doing well with complete resolution of hematoma. This case demonstrates that an endovascular approach with coil embolization is a feasible and safe option for treating the rare ruptured ITAAs.

Abstract The abundantly available mica flakes were added in raw materials to manufacture pottery in Central Peninsular India during the early Iron Age (700-300 BCE) for storage and glittering. The micaceous potsherds from the excavated megalithic site of Nagpur were studied for their composition, manufacturing techniques, microstructural features, microbial colonization, and estimation of firing temperature. The analytical techniques used were micro-XRF, FTIR, XRD, FEG-SEM, mercury porosimetry (MIP), and thermal analysis. The XRF and SEM-EDX data revealed that the potteries were coated with aqueous iron oxide on either surface for red hue and subsequently fired at an estimated temperature of 700-750 °C in a reducing atmosphere as determined by vibrational and mineralogical analysis. The X-ray microscopy and FEG-SEM images showed a grey color sandwich layer representing the original clay composition between iron oxide-coated red surface layers. MIP showed that the fine ware had a high porosity of 21-26% with a void ratio (e) of 0.28-0.36. The loosely adhered mica flakes influenced the strength and stability of the pottery. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified the presence of Bacillus velezensis within the round and elongated pits within the potsherds drawing nutrients from minerals.

Abstract Background Retroperitoneal open iliac conduits (ROIC) are used in patients with hostile iliac anatomy undergoing endovascular aortic repair (EVAR). Objectives We hereby report our experience of ROIC in patients subjected to EVAR. Methods This was a retrospective evaluation of 8 patients out of a total of 75 patients (11%) who underwent EVAR in the last 10 years. Pre-procedure computed tomography angiography was used to assess the dimensions of iliac and femoral arteries. Patients who had small arterial dimensions (i.e. smaller than the recommended access size for the aortic endograft device) were subjected to ROIC. Results The mean age of the 3 males and 5 females studied was 45.7 ± 15.2 years. The indication for ROIC was the small caliber ilio-femoral access site in 7 patients and atherosclerotic disease in 1 patient. All external grafts were anastomosed to the right common iliac artery except one which was anastomosed to the aortic bifurcation site because of a small common iliac artery. The procedural success rate was 100%. Local access site complications included infection (n=1), retroperitoneal hematoma (n=1), and need for blood transfusion (n=3). The median post-intervention hospital stay was 10 days. All patients had favorable long-term outcomes at a median follow-up of 18 months. Conclusions Female patients require ROIC during EVAR more frequently. Adjunctive use of iliac conduit for EVAR was associated with favorable perioperative and short-term outcomes.

The purpose of the research is to identify the present metrics in the field of Corporate Social Responsibility and education and to identify the metric of subject-wise distribution for analysing the interdisciplinary approach, keywords, country-wise distribution. The study uses the database of Scopus and applies a filter about the timeline from 1982 to 2021(ongoing factorial); filters out the segment in various disciplines, integrated with the field of CSR and education. The findings of the study are as follow: there is a constant increase in the contribution of CSR and education every year after 2000; there is an increase in contributions from various disciplines on CSR and education; and major contribution about the literature being done through articles; followed by book chapters, and book review. This study provides a perspective about CSR and education to future scholars about the existing metric of different disciplines. Provides a landscape on CSR and education.

ABSTRACT The Chinese economy shows a remarkable resemblance to those of pre-crisis Thailand, Indonesia, South Korea and Malaysia - especially the asset bubbles, high reliance on banking intermediation, poor prudential supervision, and fragility of the financial system. Yet, China defied the common prediction and did not succumb to the financial crisis. What explains the China ability to withstand a major region-wide financial crisis? This study addresses this complex question, besides elaborating the reform measures China must implement to immune itself from future financial crises or its contagion effects.

Introduction: Although there is evidence that a significant proportion of veteran athletes have coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD), its prevalence in recreational athletes with low to intermediate cardiovascular (CV) risk is not established. This study aimed to characterize the coronary atherosclerotic burden in veteran male recreational athletes with low to intermediate CV risk. Methods: Asymptomatic male athletes aged ≥40 years with low to intermediate risk, who exercised >4 hours/week for >5 years, underwent cardiac computed tomography (CT) for coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring and CT angiography. High coronary atherosclerotic burden was defined as at least one of the following: CAC score >100; CAC score ≥75th percentile; obstructive CAD; disease involving the left main, three vessels or two vessels including the proximal left anterior descending artery; segment involvement score >5; or CT Leaman score ≥5. Athletes were categorized by tertiles of exercise volume, calculated by metabolic equivalent of task (MET) scores. Results: A total of 105 athletes were included, all with SCORE 100, 13 (12.4%) had CAC score ≥75th percentile and six (5.7%) had obstructive lesions. The extent and severity of coronary plaques did not differ according to exercise volume. Conclusions: The prevalence of subclinical CAD detected by cardiac CT in veteran male recreational athletes with low to intermediate CV risk was high. Up to a quarter of our cohort had a high coronary atherosclerotic burden. Resumo: Introdução: Apesar de estar descrita uma proporção significativa de atletas veteranos com doença arterial coronária aterosclerótica (DAC), a sua prevalência em atletas de nível recreativo com risco cardiovascular (CV) baixo-intermédio não está esclarecida. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a carga aterosclerótica coronária em atletas veteranos do género masculino de nível recreativo com risco CV baixo-intermédio. Métodos: Atletas assintomáticos do género masculino com ≥40 anos com risco baixo-intermédio, praticantes de >4horas/semana de exercício durante >5 anos, realizaram tomografia computorizada cardíaca com determinação do score de cálcio (ScCa) e angiografia coronária (Angio-TC). Definiu-se elevada carga aterosclerótica coronária a presença de pelo menos uma das seguintes características: ScCa >100; ScCa≥p75 (percentil); DAC obstrutiva; doença envolvendo tronco comum, 3-vasos ou 2-vasos incluindo a artéria descendente anterior proximal; segment involvement score >5; CT-adapted Leaman score ≥5. Os atletas foram categorizados em tercis de volume de exercício, calculado por Metabolic Equivalent Task (MET) scores. Resultados: Foram incluídos 105 atletas, todos com score 100, 13 (12,4%) ≥p75 e 6 (5,7%) lesões obstrutivas. A extensão e a gravidade das placas coronárias não diferiram de acordo com o volume de exercício. Conclusões: A prevalência de DAC subclínica detetada por Angio-TC cardíaca em atletas veteranos do género masculino de nível recreativo com risco CV baixo-intermédio foi elevada. Um quarto da nossa amostra apresentou uma elevada carga aterosclerótica coronária.

This paper provides an overview about the challenges of multipolarity and globalization, focusing on various institutions of global governance, and how BRICS are making efforts to overcome them, considering the interests of the grouping in each as well as what positive changes could and are being brought about with respect to each.

Abstract Introduction: A high incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and premature mortality is observed in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Thus, new biomarkers that may help predict the development of CVD in early stages of CKD are being investigated along with other traditional risk factors. Objective: To investigate cathepsin S as an early biomarker for CVD in patients with CKD. Methods: A total of 64 patients with CKD were included and classified into 2 groups: CKD patients with established CVD and CKD patients with non-established CVD. All patients were submitted to routine investigations including complete blood count, random blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum electrolytes, urea, creatinine, total protein, total albumin, calcium total, phosphorous, uric acid, vitamin D, parathormone, lipid profile, liver function test, measurement of serum cathepsin S (Cat S), and 2D Echo of the heart. Results: The level of serum Cat S was increased in CKD patients with CVD (p

Abstract Renal transplant remains the preferred therapy for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Given the shortage of suitable donor kidneys, use of an expanded criteria donor (ECD) allows marginal kidneys to be transplanted; albeit at risk of increased graft failure due to lower nephron mass. To reduce the risk of graft failure, double kidney transplant (DKT) is advocated, with favorable outcomes. Transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) is one of the most common vascular complications following renal transplant. Unlike single kidney transplants, where TRAS usually presents with fluid overload, uncontrolled hypertension, and worsening kidney functions; it may be clinically silent in DKT patients since they have two functional transplanted kidneys. We hereby report a case of TRAS in a DKT patient who had 2 years of favorable clinical outcomes following successful endovascular stenting. He however recently died of COVID-19 associated pneumonitis.

Abstract Various vascular complications following renal transplantation include renal artery and vein thrombosis, renal artery stenosis, pseudoaneurysm, and iliac artery dissection. Transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) is the most common, while iliac artery dissection is the rarest of these various vascular complications. We describe an elderly male, who had both external iliac artery dissection and TRAS at 2 months following renal transplantation. He underwent successful percutaneous endovascular intervention of both complications. The post-intervention course was uneventful, with improvement in graft renal functions and left lower limb perfusion.

Crime scene reconstruction is the process of determining or eliminating the events that occurred at the crime scene by analysis of physical evidences. In one case, a lady left the house receiving a call on her cell phone. Since she did not return home till late evening, the husband and her children made search but could not trace out. Subsequently, a missing report was lodged in the local police station. At night, on the same day, the dead body of the missing lady was found lying in a bathroom of a Hotel along with a male dead body. The investigative and forensic team visited the undisturbed crime spot. Scrutiny of forensic evidence, crime scene dynamics, victimology and autopsy study could establish the case to be murder and suicide. At crime scene, on the basis of our observations the two cases were registered under murder and suicide IPC sections. The male murdered the lady in the bathroom and committed suicide near the dead body of the lady. This involved scientific crime scene investigation, interpretation of patterned evidence at the scene, laboratory testing of the physical evidence, systematic study of related case information, and the logical formulation of a theory gives the proper directions to the Investigating officer (IO). In this article, we have reported an interesting case for forensic aspect. The IO, was in this impression, it might murder. Our team, reveals the truth and case was solved at scene of crime.

Background: Suicide rates are on the rise globally. Many suicide completers are previous attempters. Risk identification of attempters will provide an opportunity for prompt and targeted intervention towards suicide prevention. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of suicide attempt and self-inflicted injury (SASI), and its associations with deployment-related PTSD and/or TBI and attempted suicide among a large national cohort of Veterans deployed pre and post-9/11 2001 who received care from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) between 1998 - 2014. Methods: Clinical data from over 1,400 VHA establishments provided by the Veterans Administrations Informatics and Computing Infrastructure (VINCI) were used for descriptive and Cox regression analyses. Results: There were 1,327,604 patients in the study - PTSD only (1,121,818), TBI only (100,033), both PTSD and TBI (105,753). The incidence of SASI in the entire cohort was 351 per 100,000 person years; PTSD only (323), TBI only (181), both PTSD and TBI (835). Compared to TBI only group, the adjusted risk for SASI was higher in the PTSD only group (HR=1.129; 95% CI =1.063 - 1.200) and much higher in those with both PTSD and TBI (HR=2.283; 95% CI =2.136 - 2.441). The risk of SASI was higher if they were younger than 50 years, divorced or separated, non-Hispanic females, homeless, suffered adult abuse and neglect, had substance use, generalized anxiety and antisocial personality disorders, and if they were in the Pre-9/11 service period. Proportion of people attempting suicide increased every year post-diagnosis of PTSD and/or TBI. Conclusion: We recommend prioritizing resources to prevent suicide among at risk groups.

Background and methodology Female migrants have been identified to be at higher risk of HIV infection in comparison with male migrants, but the evidence is limited. The present study was conducted among novel group i.e. migrant female college student using a mixed-method approach to explore their vulnerability and risk to acquire HIV infection. Sample of 100 female migrant college students of Delhi University, of the age 18 and 23 years were selected from March 2015 to April 2016 and administered semi-closed questionnaire followed by in-depth interviews. Results Mean age of sexual initiation was 18.7 years. Twenty-one percent respondents had inadequate HIV related knowledge and 10% of respondents showed high-risk sexual behaviour as none used a condom consistently. Statistically, a significant association was observed between respondent’s high-risk behaviour and having friends who were sexually exposed (p < 0.005), also with respondent’s partner’s current place of residence (p

In this paper, we have characterized a weighted function space $ B_{\omega,\psi}^{p,q}, ~ 1\leq p,q

In this paper first of all, we introduce the mapping : [0;1) X [0;1) R,called the simulation function and the notion of Z-contraction with respect to which generalize several known types of contractions. Secondly, we prove certain xed point theorems using simulation functions in G-Metric spaces. An example is also given to support our result.

Objective. To evaluate the use of social media and the health promoting lifestyle profile of indian nursing students. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 125 students (89 undergraduate and 36 graduate) from various Nursing universities in India, who provided information on their sociodemographic data, the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) and the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP-II). Results. Regarding the BSMAS, the participants had an average of 12.8 (maximum possible = 30); 42% reported they frequently delayed their sleep due to using social media; 9% had excessive use of social media; by gender, men had higher total score than women. With respect to the health promoting lifestyle profile, the total average was 126.9 (maximum possible = 208); no difference was observed by gender in the total score and men scored better in the domain of physical activity; students living with their families had higher scores in the domain of health responsibility than those living alone; and graduate students had better scores than undergraduate students in the scale total and in the domains of health responsibility, spiritual relations, and interpersonal relations. Conclusion. There is excessive use of social media, especially among male students. This study also revealed lower scores than those desired in the domains of Health Promoting Lifestyle, especially for physical activity, health responsibility, stress management, and nutrition. Thereby, the findings may be used to improve health literacy on social media, as well as promote a positive lifestyle among nursing students.

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Sociological transactions play an important role in human behaviour and social standing. The Titanic was the perfect example as the passengers belonged to high income, middleincome, and low-income groups. It is interesting to see how social factors influenced who was going to survive. The data was collected from the website “Kaggle.com”, and machine learning algorithms were applied after carrying out an exploratory and visual analysis. The hypothesis that women and children were saved (which became famous after Steven Spielberg’s Titanic (1975)) was tested by random forest algorithm as well as the hypothesis that family density played a major role in survival. The results showed that title and sex were the most important factors influencing if the passenger was to survive. RESUMEN Las transacciones sociológicas cumplen un papel importante en el comportamiento humano y la posición social. El Titanic era la paradoja perfecta ya que los pasajeros pertenecían a grupos de altos ingresos, de ingresos medios y de bajos ingresos. Es interesante ver cómo los patrones en el sentido sociológico decidieron cómo iba a sobrevivir. Los datos fueron recolectados del sitio web “Kaggle.com” y se aplicaron algoritmos de aprendizaje automático después de un análisis visual y exploratorio. La hipótesis, las mujeres y los niños se salvaron y se hicieron famosos después de que la película Titanic de Steven Spielberg (1975) se pusiera a prueba mediante un algoritmo forestal aleatorio junto con la hipótesis de que la densidad familiar desempeñaba un papel importante en la supervivencia. El resultado enumeró ese título y el sexo fue el factor más importante que decidió la tasa de supervivencia de los pasajeros.

Objective. The study sought to explore the relationship between levels of stress and resilience with the use of the mobile phone in nursing students. Methods. Cross-sectional study conducted with 102 nursing students from several Nursing schools in India who were invited to participate in the research. The data were gathered by using the following instruments: Perceived Stress Scale(PSS) by Cohen, The Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC), and Mobile Phone Involvement Questionnaire(MPIQ)by Walsh. Results. Most of the participants were women (94.1%), studying in the undergraduate (70.6%), with a mean age of 25.2 years. In all, 77.5% of the students had stress perception between moderate and high, 20.6% had high resilience capacity, and 25.5% were frequent mobile phone users. Perceived stress was correlated significantly and negatively with age and resilience capacity. Graduate students had greater capacity to recover than undergraduate students. Conclusion. This study indicates the negative relation of resilience capacity with stress and the use of mobile phones among nursing students. Hence, it is necessary for institutions preparing nurses to develop intervention strategies to enhance the resilience capacity, improve skills to manage stress, and healthy use of the mobile phone. How to cite this article: Sahu M, Gandhi S, Sharma MK, Marimuthu P. Perceived stress and resilience and their relationship with the use of mobile phone among nursing students. Invest. Educ. Enferm. 2019; 37(3):e05.

ABSTRACT: Pesticides are applied all over the world to protect plants from pests. However, their application also causes toxicity to plants, which negatively affects the growth and development of plants. Pesticide toxicity results in reduction of chlorophyll and protein contents, accompanied by decreased photosynthetic efficiency of plants. Pesticide stress also generates reactive oxygen species which causes oxidative stress to plants. To attenuate the negative effects of oxidative stress, the antioxidative defense system of plants gets activated, and it includes enzymatic antioxidants as well as non-enzymatic antioxidants. The present review gives an overview of various physiological responses of plants under pesticide toxicity in tabulated form.

Introduction: Athletes can exhibit abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) phenotypes that require further evaluation prior to competition. These are apparently more prevalent in high-intensity endurance sports. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between ECG findings in athletes and intensity of sport and level of competition. Methods: A cohort of 3423 competitive athletes had their ECGs assessed according to the Seattle criteria (SC). The presence of abnormal ECGs was correlated with: (1) intensity of sport (low/moderate vs. at least one high static or dynamic component); (2) competitive level (regional vs. national/international); (3) training volume (≤20 vs. >20 hours/week); (4) type of sport (high dynamic vs. high static component). The same endpoints were studied according to the ‘Refined Criteria’ (RC). Results: Abnormal ECGs according to the SC were present in 225 (6.6%) athletes, more frequently in those involved in high-intensity sports (8.0% vs. 5.4%; p=0.002), particularly in dynamic sports, and competing at national/international level (7.1% vs. 4.9%; p=0.028). Training volume was not significantly associated with abnormal ECGs. By multivariate analysis, high-intensity sport (OR 1.55, 1.18-2.03; p=0.002) and national/international level (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.04-2.14; p=0.027) were independent predictors of abnormal ECGs, and these variables, when combined, doubled the prevalence of this finding. According to the RC, abnormal ECGs decreased to 103 (3.0%), but were also more frequent in high-intensity sports (4.2% vs. 2.0%; p20 horas/semana); 4) tipo de desporto (elevados componentes dinâmico versus estático). Os mesmos endpoints foram estudados pelos Refined Criteria (RC). Resultados: De acordo com os SC, 225 (6,6%) atletas tinham alterações patológicas, mais frequentes nos envolvidos em desportos de elevada intensidade (8,0 versus 5,4%; p=0,002), sobretudo dinâmica, e em nível nacional/internacional (7,1 versus 4,9%; p=0,028). O volume de treino não esteve significativamente associado a estas alterações. Em análise multivariada, desporto de elevada intensidade (OR 1,55, IC 95% 1,18-2,03; p=0,002) e o nível nacional/internacional (OR 1,50, IC 95% 1,04-2,14; p=0,027) foram preditores independentes de ECG anormais, variáveis que combinadas duplicaram a prevalência. Com os RC o número de ECG patológicos decresceu para 103 (3,0%), também mais frequentes nos desportos de elevada intensidade (4,2 versus 2,0%; p

A supply of drinking water low in Arsenic (As) prevents arsenic poisoning. The presence of high concentrations of iron (Fe) in groundwater under the alluvial plains of the large rivers in Southeast Asia is a prerequisite for the simple removal of As. This study investigated the mechanisms and possibilities for enhancing As removal with naturally occurring Fe in a reliable, low cost and sustainable way. The results of the study show that As removal with Fe is greatly enhanced by the addition of an oxidizing agent (preferably KMnO4) immediately after the pumping of groundwater. Further enhancement of As removal in the presence of Fe can be achieved by adding a small volume of a concentrated basic solution of MnO4- and AlO2-, which has a combined oxidation, coagulation and buffering capacity. Best results were obtained when this solution was mixed with the groundwater immediately after its pumping until a pale pink color appeared. Maximum required reaction time was 10 minutes and subsequent filtration of the water was able to reduce the As concentration to near zero. Concentrations of MnO4- and AlO2- can be varied in the solution to achieve sufficient As removal to suit different Fe/As ratios and the presence of interfering co-occurring anions.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Succinylcholine is commonly used to achieve profound neuromuscular blockade of rapid onset and short duration. OBJECTIVE: The present study compared the efficacy of pregabalin for prevention of succinylcholine-induced fasciculation and myalgia. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, placebo controlled, double blinded study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients of both genders undergoing elective spine surgery were randomly assigned to two groups. Patients in Group P (pregabalin group) received 150 mg of pregabalin orally 1 h prior to induction of anesthesia with sips of water and patients in Group C (control group) received placebo. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 1.5 mcg/kg, propofol 1.5-2.0 mg/kg followed by succinylcholine 1.5 mg/kg. The intensity of fasciculations was assessed by an observer blinded to the group allotment of the patient on a 4-point scale. A blinded observer recorded postoperative myalgia grade after 24 h of surgery. Patients were provided patient-controlled analgesia with fentanyl for postoperative pain relief. RESULTS: Demographic data of both groups were comparable (p > 0.05). The incidence of muscle fasciculation's was not significant between two groups (p = 0.707), while more patients in group C had moderate to severe fasciculation's compared to group P (p = 0.028). The incidence and severity of myalgia were significantly lower in group P (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Pregabalin 150 mg prevents succinylcholine-induced fasciculations and myalgia and also decreases the fentanyl consumption in elective sine surgery.

This study attempts to forecast tourist inflow in South East Asia and choses Singapore as a case. For Singapore, tourism is one of the major sources of foreign exchange earnings since it has no natural resources to support its economy. Therefore, forecasting of tourist arrivals in the country becomes very important for the reason that the forecasting may help tourism related service industries (e.g. airlines, hotels, shopping malls, transporters and catering services, etc.) to plan and prepare their resources and activities in an optimal way. In this paper, seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) methodology was considered for making monthly predictions on tourist arrival in Singapore. The best model for forecasting is found out to be (1,0,1)(1,1,0)12 and monthly forecasting were obtained for two years in future. Further, various statistical tests (e.g. Dickey Fuller, KPSS, HEGY, Ljung-Box, Box-Pierce etc.) were applied on the time series for adequacy of best model to fit, residual autocorrelation analysis and for the accuracy of the prediction.

Trace elements play an important and complex role in the human metabolism and, although present in only minute concentrations, can be either beneficial or detrimental to health. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the trace elements from human teeth are performed using various methods. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (or mass spectroscopy) (ICP-AES, MS) are the most popular methods for trace element analysis Previous studies have set the framework for developing methods aimed at elemental analysis from bones and teeth but there are areas in which the field still needs to progress. Research must be undertaken to expand the techniques to include more precision, non-destructiveness and accuracy and high detection limit, including additional human bones and teeth, non-human bones and teeth, non-skeletal materials, and to trace present and past life behaviours like migration pattern, nutrition status and occupational or environmental exposure, human provenance and reconstruction of migration pathways as well substance abuse in human skeletal remains and in living beings.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence and correlates of insufficient physical activity in adolescents in Peru. METHODS We used a self-administered questionnaire developed from Global school-based Student Health Survey to collect information from secondary school students in North Lima and Callao in 2015. We carried out Poisson regression with robust variance using generalized linear models to estimate the crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of insufficient physical activity for its correlates. RESULTS We have found that 78% of the adolescents did not meet the global recommendation of the World Health Organization on physical activity in the last week before the survey. Female respondents (APR = 1.13, 95%CI 1.04–1.21), respondents who perceived themselves as overweight (APR = 1.10, 95%CI 1.03–1.18), and respondents who consumed insufficient vegetables and fruits [no vegetables (APR = 1.30, 95%CI 1.06–1.59), no fruits (APR = 1.15, 95%CI 1.00–1.31) as compared to those who consumed ≥ 2 servings every day in the last seven days] were more likely to report insufficient physical activity. Adolescents who worked after school (APR = 0.92, 95%CI 0.84–0.99), had physical education classes five times per week (APR = 0.94, 95%CI 0.88–0.99), and had parental supervision (APR = 0.92, 95%CI 0.87–0.98) were less likely to report insufficient physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Sex, work after school, perceived body weight, physical education class, parental support, and healthy dietary behaviors were associated with insufficient physical activity. Attempts to improve physical activity should look for ways to enhance leisure-time physical activity, parental support, physical education classes, healthy dietary behaviors, and normal body weight maintenance in adolescents with integrated efforts from the family and school.

Intense and regular physical exercise is responsible for various cardiac changes (electrical, structural and functional) that represent physiological adaptation to exercise training. This remodeling, commonly referred to as ‘athlete's heart’, can overlap with several pathological entities, in which sudden cardiac death may be the first clinical presentation. Although pre-competitive screening can identify athletes with life-threatening cardiovascular abnormalities, there are no widely used standardized pre-participation programs and those currently implemented are controversial. Data from personal and family history, features of physical examination and changes in the 12-lead electrocardiogram can raise the suspicion of cardiac disease and lead to early detection of entities such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. However, interpreting the electrocardiogram is often challenging, because some changes are considered physiological in athletes. Thus, clinical decision-making in such cases can prove difficult: missing a condition associated with an increased risk of life-threatening events, or conversely, mislabeling an athlete with a disease that leads to unnecessary disqualification, are both situations to avoid. This paper provides an up-to-date review of the physiological cardiac effects of exercise training and highlights key points that should be taken into consideration in the assessment of young competitive athletes. Resumo: A prática intensa e regular de exercício físico é responsável por diversas alterações cardíacas, desde eléctricas, estruturais ou funcionais, que representam adaptações fisiológicas ao exercício. Esta remodelagem, frequentemente denominada por coração de atleta, pode mimetizar alterações típicas de diversas patologias, nas quais a morte súbita pode ser a primeira apresentação clínica. Apesar do rastreio pré-competição poder identificar atletas com alterações cardíacas potencialmente fatais, os programas de rastreio não estão estandardizados e aqueles já implementados permanecem controversos. Dados da história clínica pessoal e familiar, achados do exame físico e alterações no eletrocardiograma de 12 derivações, podem aumentar a suspeita de doença cardíaca e levar à deteção precoce de entidades como a miocardiopatia hipertrófica. Contudo, a interpretação do eletrocardiograma é frequentemente desafiante porque várias alterações são consideradas fisiológicas em atletas. Assim, as decisões clínicas são por vezes difíceis: não diagnóstico de condições associadas a um risco aumentado de eventos fatais, ou por outro lado, o diagnóstico errado de patologia cardíaca em atletas saudáveis pode originar a realização de exames de diagnóstico desnecessários ou a desqualificação inapropriada do atleta. Este artigo fornece uma revisão atualizada dos efeitos cardíacos fisiológicos do exercício físico e realça pontos-chave que deverão ser tidos em consideração na avaliação de atletas jovens de competição. Keywords: Athlete's heart, Physiological adaptation, Sudden cardiac death, Screening, Palavras-chave: Coração de atleta, Adaptação fisiológica, Morte súbita, Rastreio

The purpose of this research paper is to explore the knowledge of the existing studies related to cloud computing current trend. The outcome of research is demonstrated in the form of diagram which simplifies the ERP integration process for in-house and cloud eco-system. It will provide a conceptual view to the new client or entrepreneurs using ERP services and explain them how to deal with two stages of ERP systems (cloud and in-house). Also suggest how to improve knowledge about ERP services and implementation process for both stages. The work recommends which ERP services can be outsourced over the cloud. Cloud ERP is a mix of standard ERP services along with cloud flexibility and low cost to afford these services. This is a recent phenomenon in enterprise service offering. For most of non IT background entrepreneurs it is unclear and broad concept, since all the research work related to it are done in couple of years. Most of cloud ERP vendors describe their products as straight forward tasks. The process and selection of Cloud ERP Services and vendors is not clear. This research work draws a framework for selecting non-core business process from preferred ERP service partners. It also recommends which ERP services outsourced first over the cloud, and the security issues related to data or information moved out from company premises to the cloud eco-system.

Antecedentes. Actualmente existen múltiples escalas y guías de entrevista en atención primaria en salud mental. Sin embargo, estas tienen limitaciones en la práctica clínica diaria. Muchas fueron creadas para realizar investigación, otras requieren gran entrenamiento de quien las aplica y en su gran mayoría cubren un rango limitado de síntomas, por ejemplo ansiedad y depresión. Escalas de gran uso clínico para síntomas ansiosos y depresivos permiten evaluar la presencia o ausencia de síntomas más que dar un diagnóstico específico y deja por fuera un espectro amplio de trastornos psiquiátricos como la demencia y la psicosis. Por estas razones, se han propuesto múltiples alternativas que permitan superar los problemas mencionados. Objetivo. Revisar de forma crítica los instrumentos utilizados para la evaluación psiquiátrica en atención primaria. Materiales y métodos. Revisión de la literatura. Resultados. Dentro de las herramientas desarrolladas y más utilizadas se encuentran la Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) y el Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). Otra estrategia es la Herramienta Mundial de Evaluación en Salud Mental (GMHAT). Esta herramienta permite hacer tamizajes amplios y diagnósticos de problemas mentales por personas con poco entrenamiento en psiquiatría y en poco tiempo. Conclusiones. Se recomiendan los instrumentos breves que realizan una valoración global del estado mental sobre aquellos que son específicos para un solo trastorno.

A potentiometric Nickel sensor was prepared using 2-hydroxy-1-naphthylidene-N-cyanoacetohydrazone as electro-active material and epoxy resin as a binding material. A membrane composed of 40% Schiff's base and 60% epoxy resin exhibited the best performance. The membrane showed excellent response in the concentration range of 0.15 ppm to 0.1 mol L- 1 Ni+2 ions with non-Nernstian slope of 22.0 mV/decade, had a rapid response time (less than 10 s), and can be used for three months without any considerable loss of potential. The sensor was useful within the pH range of 1.3 to 9.6, and was able to discriminate between Ni2+ and a large number of alkaline earth and transition metal ions. The practical utility of the sensor has been demonstrated by using it successfully as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of Ni2+ with EDTA and oxalic acid.

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a magnetic resonance technique capable of measuring the magnitude and direction of water molecule diffusion in various tissues. The use of DTI is being expanded to evaluate a variety of spinal cord disorders both for prognostication and to guide therapy. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on spinal cord DTI in both animal models and humans in different neurosurgical conditions. DTI of the spinal cord shows promise in traumatic spinal cord injury, cervical spondylotic myelopathy, and intramedullary tumors. However, scanning protocols and image processing need to be refined and standardized.La técnica de imagen por difusión tensora (DTI, Diffusion tensor imaging) es una técnica de resonancia magnética que mide la magnitud y dirección de la difusión de moléculas de agua en varios tejidos. El uso de DTI se ha expandido para evaluar una variedad de disturbios de la columna vertebral tanto para pronóstico como para orientación de la terapia. La finalidad de este artículo es revisar la literatura sobre DTI de la médula espinal tanto en modelos animales como en humanos en diferentes condiciones neuroquirúrgicas. La DTI de la médula espinal se muestra promisora en las lesiones traumáticas de la médula, en la mielopatía espondilótica cervical y en los tumores intramedulares. Sin embargo, los protocolos de barrido y el procesamiento de imágenes necesitan ser refinados y estandarizados.O exame por imagem de ressonância magnética utilizando a técnica de tensores de difusão (DTI, Diffusion tensor imaging) consegue medir a magnitude e direção da difusão de moléculas de água em vários tecidos. A DTI está começando a ser usada para avaliar uma série de patologias da medula espinal, tanto para prognósticos como para orientar o tratamento. O presente artigo revisa a literatura sobre DTI da medula espinhal, em modelos animais e humanos, em diferentes condições neurocirúrgicas. A DTI da medula espinal é promissora para lesões traumáticas da medula, mielopatia espondilótica cervical e tumores intramedulares. Contudo, os protocolos de escaneamento e processamento de imagens precisam ser refinados e padronizados.

Nolla’s radiographic method of dental age estimation for sub-adult individuals has been commonly used for forensic purposes. To identify the accuracy and credibility of this method, a review has been conducted for estimating the variations/discrepancies between actual chronological and estimated ages of sub-adults individuals calculated by applying Nolla’s radiographic method in different population groups. The articles using Nolla’s method of age estimation and those published between 2006 and 2016 were used after relevant searches in PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, COCHRANE and Web of Science databases. Studies conducted with dental radiographs of healthy subjects between 3 and 18 years of age and those reporting mean differences between the estimated dental age (DA) and chronological age (CA) as a measure of variation were included in the review for meta-analysis. A total of 5813 subjects (2839 boys and 2974 girls) between the age of 3 and 18 years were examined in the study, which were chosen from a total of 87 peer-reviewed articles. Quantitative (10 studies) and qualitative (12 studies) analyses of the results revealed that dental age of most sub-adults was found under-estimated using this method based developmental stages of teeth. The underestimation varied from +0.26 to +1 years for males, and +0.051 to +1.15 for females; with an average mean of 0.35 years and 0.20 years for males and females, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that Nolla’s method of dental age estimation underestimates the age of an individual in almost all the studies reviewed here. It should be carefully applied for forensic cases requiring legal scrutiny by courts of law.

Over the past two decades, the education sector in India has undergone a substantial transformation. Recent advances in technology have provided access to high quality educational resources and information on the Internet. This article examines the role of open educational resources (OER) in addressing the challenges of higher education in India, which range from geographical disparities in access to education, to shortages of trained and qualified faculty. The authors examine and discuss several OER initiatives that are currently advancing India’s efforts to create strong institutional mechanisms to overcome the country’s educational challenges through a national strategic framework designed to improve access to quality higher education. The authors explore these initiatives designed to increase access to education through OER, as well as those designed to develop OER-related skills for educators. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of these initiatives for the development of open educational practices in India.

This study investigates whether there has been a change in residents’ perceptions of living and tourism impacts, on the Sunshine Coast, in 2009 from their perceptions of 2008. In 2009 more respondents reported that lifestyle and general pace of life were the key attractions of living on the Sunshine Coast. The results also demonstrate a significant increase in residents’ perceptions that tourism is likely to have a positive impact on the cultural identity of the community. The study also found that between 2008 and 2009 there was a significant decrease in the residents’ concerns regarding traffic congestion; noise and pollution; crime rates; destruction of the natural environment; and unpleasantly overcrowded beaches, and bush walking paths, parks and outdoor facilities in the community. The research, however, reveals no significant differences in the residents’ perceptions of conservation of natural resources; creation of employment; and the possibility of having more cultural exchange between tourists and residents due to tourism. Overall, these findings are favourable for tourism-related stakeholders in developing future tourism plans for the region in that residents’ appear to be more willing to support tourism development.

A new series of 3-chloro-1-{[2-(6-nitro-1H-indazol-1-yl)ethyl]amino}-4-(substituted phenyl)-2-azetidinones (4a-j) was synthesized in four steps from 6-nitro-1H-indazole and characterized by IR, ¹H NMR, 13C NMR, FAB-mass spectrometry and chemical methods. Compounds 4(a-j) were screened in vitro for their antibacterial, antifungal and antitubercular activities against some selected microorganism and for their antiinflammatory activity (in vivo) against albino rats (either sex). All above activities of compounds 4(a-j) showed acceptable results.

The object of this paper is to introduce a new function called K_4-function defined by the author in terms of some special functions, which is an extension of the G-function defined by Lorenzo and Hartley [4] and demonstrate how K_4-function is closely related to another special functions, namely Lorenzo-Hartleyâ’s R-function, Robotnov and Hartleyâ’s F-function, Mittag-Leffler function, generalized Mittag-Leffler function, Exponential function. The differintegration of that function is also investigated. As special cases most of the results obtained in this paper are believed to be new and include some of the results given earlier by other authors.

The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the generalizedfractional integration of the generalized M-series.Some results derived by Saxena and Saigo [13], Samko, Kilbas and Marichev [15] are the special cases of the main results derived in this paper.