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Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

AbstractObjective:To analyze the development of gross motor coordination, using the PROESP-Br and Psychomotor Battery (BPM) test batteries, in preschool children from a school in the northern region of Brazil. Methods:Cross-sectional quantitative research. The Projeto Esporte Brasil (PROESP-Br) and Psychomotor Battery (BPM) test batteries were used. The PROESP-BR test battery was used to assess the following variables: Body Mass Index (BMI), upper limb strength (ULS), lower limb strength (LLS) and flexibility. The BPM was used to assess the following skills: Balance, lateralization and global praxis, which were later classified into hyperpraxic, eupraxic, dyspraxic and apraxic profiles. Results:Eighteen children with a mean age of 5 years (standard deviation = 0.62) participated in the study. The mean lower limb strength was 133 cm, 108 cm for upper limb strength and 72 cm for flexibility. According to the BPM assessment, more than 50% of the children had a hyperpraxic profile in the items immobility, straight foot support, dynamic balance and pedal lateralization; a eupraxic profile in the items eye-foot coordination, hand lateralization and eye lateralization; a dyspraxic profile in the items eye-hand coordination, upper/lower limb dissociation and agility; and, finally, the apraxicprofile was more prevalent in the static balance variable. Conclusion:The sample presented adequate levels of gross motor coordination in some activities analyzed, but on the other hand, the skills eye-hand coordination, upper/lower limb dissociation and agility and static balance had negative results, indicating that theseabilities need to be developed.

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effects of manipulating the net height in 4 vs. 4 small-sided games on the tactical-technical performance of professional female volleyball athletes. Eight professional female athletes participated in this study, playing 4 vs. 4 small-sided games at three net heights: 2.15 m, 2.24 m, and 2.33 m. The technical-tactical actions (Specific Performance per Action, Specific Performance per Component, and General Performance) were analyzed through the IAD-VB. Results indicated that the lower net height favored the complex 0 actions (p=0.034; V=0.329), while the higher net height favored setting (p=0.001; V=0.449), attack (p=0.038; V=0.325), and defense (p

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to compare isokinetic performance (PT) of knee extensors (ext) and flexors (flex), H:Q ratio, and PT asymmetry in young soccer players based on somatic maturation. 80 soccer players (aged 12-17) were sampled, classified as pre-PHV (n=19) and post-PHV (n=61). Isokinetic dynamometry assessed knee extensors/flexors at 60º/s. Pre-PHV had lower body mass/height than post-PHV (P < 0.001). Pre-PHV exhibited lower PT for dominant and non-dominant leg in ext and flex (P < 0.001). No differences in asymmetry (ext: 31.6% vs 31.1%; flex: 31.6% vs 34.4%) and H:Q ratio (dominant: 42.1% vs 32.8%; non-dominant: 26.3% vs 39.3%) between PHV groups, where asymmetry was considered >15%, and cutoff points for each limb H:Q were set at ≥60%. Study showed increased isokinetic performance according to PHV, but no effect on asymmetries and H:Q ratio.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as tendências tático-técnicas nos estágios laranja (9 anos) e verde (10 anos) em competições infantis de tênis de campo. Este estudo observacional utilizou o índice Kappa de Cohen para verificar a confiabilidade intra-observador (1,00). Os resultados mostraram diferenças significantes na duração dos pontos, subdivididos em três momentos, e na frequência de golpes entre os estágios laranja e verde, com maior duração dos pontos e variedade de golpes no estágio verde (p < 0,05). Não foram observadas diferenças nas áreas de rebatida da quadra. Conclui-se que as adaptações no tênis infantil devem levar em conta as dimensões do espaço de jogo e as características dos implementos em função da experiência dos praticantes.

RESUMO Trata-se de uma pesquisa teórica de orientação reflexiva que objetiva discutir sobre os aspectos e características que constituem as dimensões tradicional e moderna na Luta Marajoara. Os resultados indicam que a tradição e a modernidade perfazem a história da Luta Marajoara como manifestação cultural do povo da Ilha de Marajó, e que existe um conjunto de caracterizações que dizem respeito a tais modalidades de experiência presentes nesta luta brasileira. Na tradição, destacam-se os contextos tradicionais de prática da Luta Marajoara, e seu caráter ritualístico. Conectados com a expressão moderna, são observados desafios, tensões e tendências de avanço em direção à sua esportivização e escolarização.

Considering the mechanized modern living in restricted indoor spaces, aggression and mental disorders among young people and adults and their negative consequences in Iran, in-depth studies of this issue are important. The purpose of this article is to understand the meaning of combat sports for Iranian athletes and to understand how it drives them to action. Following an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach, 17 male kickboxing and muay Thai athletes in the Kurdistan province in western Iran were surveyed through semi-structured interviews. Four main themes and 12 sub-themes were extracted from analyzing the experiences of the research participants: (1) Increasing existential capacity, (2) cultivating a moral personality, (3) enhancing one’s health and (4) improving one’s lifestyle. Our research suggests that, for these participants, kickboxing and muay Thai have a positive effect in many mental, social and moral dimensions of existence. Moreover, because of the potential positive impact on the individual behavior, these sports are also very effective in reducing societal problems such as hooliganism, destructiveness and vandalism, suicide, inappropriate lifestyle, decline of values and violence.

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar, de forma interseccional, o perfil e a experiência da participação das mulheres no futebol no Brasil. Realizamos uma análise comparativa entre as mulheres, baseada nos dados da PNAD de 2015 (IBGE, 2017). Os dados foram tratados com estatística descritiva. São justamente as mulheres negras, pobres, jovens, de menor escolaridade que se engajam com o futebol, o que contrasta com um perfil oposto que se engaja com atividades físicas. A experiência dessas mulheres é marcada pela ênfase competitiva, em espaços públicos ou gratuitos de prática de futebol participativo. Esses resultados evidenciam a importância de observar como os divisores sociais dificultam o acesso ao futebol e das políticas públicas para democratizá-lo.

RESUMO O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as contribuições teórico-metodológicas dos jogos eletrônicos na formação de professores em um curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física. Optamos por uma abordagem qualitativa e pela Hermenêutica-Dialética como método, cujo princípio central é a comunicação, abordada nesta pesquisa por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada com os professores na formação inicial em Educação Física em uma universidade pública. Concluímos que os jogos eletrônicos trazem contribuições teórico-metodológicas para a formação de professores de Educação Física. Eles estão presentes na vida dos estudantes como também nos cursos de formação inicial. Revelamos, nesta pesquisa, possibilidades de trabalho com esses jogos na prática pedagógica dos professores.

ABSTRACT To investigate the acute effect of caffeine on performance in official soccer matches, a double-blind, balanced crossover design was applied to 13 professional male Brazilian soccer players in the first division of the state championship. Supplementation was carried out of caffeine (400mg, approximately 6mg/kg) in capsule form or a placebo. No effect of supplementation on the total distance covered (p=0.53; CI95%=-370, 796; d=0.22) or the total distance covered at different speeds (all p≥0.45; CI95%=-40.14, 84.57; ŋp2=0.048), acceleration (p=0.38; CI95%=-5.67, 11.8; ŋp2=0.06; d=0.22), number of sprints (p=0.52; CI95%=-1.55, 2.63; d=0.16), HRmean (p=0.52; CI95%=-1.87, 3.49; ŋp2=0.03; d=0.22), HRmax (p=0.10; CI95%=-6.69, 0.77; ŋp2=0.19; d=0.00), RPE (p=0.15; CI95%=-0.258, 1.48; d=0.50) or efficacy index (p=0.48; CI95%=-0.06, 0.12; ŋp2=0.04; d=0.22). Therefore, acute caffeine supplementation not effective to increase the performance of soccer players in official matches.

RESUMO O presente trabalho discute a relação entre coeducação e antirracismo na educação física escolar. O objetivo é transitar em análise teórico-empírica sobre educação física escolar e interseccionalidade ao situar a experiência mimética de tematização das relações raciais nas aulas de educação física por meio de um relato autobiográfico docente, cujo investimento metodológico permeia saberes-fazeres autorreferenciados na construção de artefatos narrativos em situação de ensino com os (as) discentes. Afirmamos, portanto, a necessidade de conceber a interseccionalidade como paradigma para a análise e compreensão dos fenômenos sociais na educação física escolar estabelecendo nexos de reflexividade crítica em consonância de conscientização pela relação da dodiscência.

Anais do I SIMTERME – Simpósio sobre Mudanças Climáticas, Termorregulação e Exercício Físico

ABSTRACT The literature recommends the practice of physical activity (PA), regardless of the domain. However, most studies ignore intersectional relations of oppression. The objective of the present study is to verify the associations between social determinants and distinct domains of physical activity (leisure-time, occupational, commuting, and domestic), especially from the perspective of the jeopardy index, which translates the intersectional relations of oppression in Vigitel´s research between the years of 2016 and 2020. From the data collected, the jeopardy index was calculated. It was possible to observe that the practice of PA during leisure time is more pronounced among groups with less social oppression. On the other hand, the most oppressed groups showed greater involvement in the domains of occupational, commuting and domestic PA. It is concluded, therefore, that the notion that any PA is better than being inactive should be reviewed.

RESUMO O estudo tem como objetivo compreender o papel do voleibol sentado na promoção da virada biográfica de mulheres com deficiência, reconhecendo a interseccionalidade de marcadores sociais da diferença nos processos de inclusão promovidos pelo e no ambiente esportivo. Obtivemos informações por meio de questionário, observação participante e entrevista. Compreendemos que o voleibol sentado foi fator contribuinte na modificação da percepção e autoidentificação das participantes da pesquisa, mas que outras sobreposições de características também ocorrem intragrupo. Apesar dos aspectos paradoxais estudados, o voleibol sentado forneceu bases para uma mudança de atitude social frente à deficiência.

RESUMO Este estudo tem o objetivo de analisar e interrogar as noções de Educação Física dos(as) estudantes do sexto ano do ensino fundamental e demais pessoas da comunidade escolar de uma escola estadual em Porto Alegre/RS, envolvidos(as) em uma pesquisa-ação participante que intencionou desenvolver aulas de Educação Física inspiradas nos pressupostos da decolonialidade e da interculturalidade; assim como as (im)possíveis relações e diálogos desse componente curricular com os marcadores sociais das diferenças. Trata de uma pesquisa-ação participante que utilizou as narrativas orais dos(as) participantes em entrevistas coletivas e individuais como produção de informações. As narrativas trouxeram diferentes concepções e percepções sobre o que é (ou deveria ser) a Educação Física, e qual é (ou deveria ser) o seu lugar na escola. Notamos que a aposta em outras possibilidades de Educação Física, interseccionadas pelos marcadores sociais das diferenças, convidou os(as) estudantes a atravessarem conteúdos e assuntos por eles(as) antes não dialogados e experienciados na escola.

Introduction: This study examines the distribution of events and event records (EVRs) in elite judo competitions, encompassing both male and female categories. Sample: By analyzing data from the 2018, 2019, and 2021 World Championships, the study incorporates 6487 events (EVs) and 2340 contests classified by their last event (cEV). Results: The predominant occurrence of EV2 and EV3 in male (23.2% and 36.6%) and female (26.8% and 31.7%) contests suggests consistent patterns. Statistical analyses reveal non-uniform distributions of events within temporal units (TUs). Small associations were found between EVRs and TUs for EV1, EV2 and EV3 (Cramer’s V = 0.103 to 0.171; p

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo foi apresentar a motivação e o estado de flow em atletas brasileiras de basquetebol sub 23 em função das características sociodemográficas. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi conduzido por meio de questionários realizados com as atletas de basquetebol durante o Campeonato Brasileiro Interclubes Sub 23 no ano de 2022 em São José dos Pinhais - PR. Foram utilizadas fichas de identificação das atletas, questionários SMS-II (Sport Motivation Scale) e o FSS-2 (Escala de Estado de Flow). Para verificar a normalidade dos dados utilizou-se o teste de Shapiro-Wilk. A amostra foi composta por 75 atletas do sexo feminino, com 20,8±2,20 anos, que treinavam em média 13,4±5,47 horas semanais, e tinham em média 9,82±3,05 anos de experiência na modalidade. RESULTADOS: Os resultados demonstraram que as atletas se percebem motivadas intrinsecamente, identificando-se positivamente dentre as regulações da motivação, Regulação Intrínseca (Md=6,00), Regulação Integrada (Md=6,00) e Regulação Identificada (Md=5,67). Em relação ao estado de flow foi identificado que as atletas apresentam maiores medianas nas metas claras (Md=4,00), concentração intensa (Md=4,00) e experiência autotélica (Md=4,33). CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se, que no contexto brasileiro de basquetebol sub-23 as atletas se encontram motivadas intrinsecamente e apresentam percepeção do estado de flow na prática da modalidade.

INTRODUÇÃO: O atletismo e a prova de 100 metros rasos é uma das principais provas dos Jogos Olímpicos, porém, pouco se sabe sobre a história e a evolução da modalidade. OBJETIVO: O objetivo foi analisar a melhora do desempenho dos atletas e dos países na prova de 100 metros masculino e feminino. MÉTODOS: A mostra foi composta por todos os 369 atletas que participaram de toda as finais dos jogos, nas 30 edições para os homens e 23 edições para as mulheres. Foram utilizados o tempo, em segundos, de todos os ganhadores da medalha de oura, prata e bronze de cada edição. Para a análise foi calculado a porcentagem de melhora de cada campeão e a média dos três primeiros colocadas em cada edição dos jogos em comparação ao campeão e a média dos três primeiros na primeira edição dos jogos. Também, foi analisado os países ganhadores das medalhas de ouro, prata e bronze. RESULTADOS: A melhora do desempenho para o ouro em comparação ao tempo da primeira edição foi de 14,94% e para os três primeiros colocados foi de 15,93%. Para as mulheres, a melhora do ouro foi de 9,17% e para o pódio foi de 8,82%. Para os homens a edição de 2012 foi a que apresentou maior porcentagem de melhora, 19,75%, para o ouro e 20,75% para o pódio. Para as mulheres, a edição que apresentou melhor melhora no desempenho foi a edição de 1988 com uma melhora de 13,61% para a medalhista de ouro e 12,47%. CONCLUSÃO: A melhora para os homens foi significativa tanto em conquistas de ouro quanto em resultados dos atletas no pódio durante os jogos olímpicos. Entre as mulheres, também houve um avanço considerável nesses aspectos. Os Estados Unidos permanecem como o país dominante na modalidade para ambos os sexos.

The aim of this study was to verify which ranking list predicts Olympic results better: one created by Elo system, one using the International Judo Federation (IJF) World Ranking List (WRL), or another using the combination of both. The data utilized comprised the outcomes of 93,728 matches, encompassing 42,844 matches from the 2016 Rio Olympic Games cycle and 50,884 matches from the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games cycle. These matches were held across 311 events, all of which contribute points to the IJF WRL. The data was sourced from https://judobase.ijf.org. A total of 8,142 male and 4,736 female judo athletes from all weight categories were analyzed. We employed two variables as proxies for athletes’ performance throughout the Olympic cycle: the positions in the IJF WRL and the ratings from the Elo System. A binary-response model was utilized. In this model, “success” denoted an athlete receiving a medal, while “failure” indicated otherwise. A combination of the WRL and Elo system better predicted Olympic performance of judo athletes. Additionally, for each rank position an athlete improved in the IJF WRL, there was an increased probability to win an Olympic medal of approximately 7.50%, while for each 10 Elo rating score improvement, the athlete increased the probability to win an Olympic medal in approximately 9.26%. When both systems were used together, the accuracy of the model was approximately 91%, with a sensitivity of nearly 68-69%, and a specificity close to 95%, for Rio de Janeiro and Tokyo editions isolated or grouped. Such information can serve as a valuable tool for national federations staff in selecting the most suitable athletes to participate in the Olympic judo competition, if both the WRL and an Elo rating system are used together.

RESUMO Este estudo mostra, pela fala de crianças, como o brincar se apresenta em experiências de iniciação esportiva. A Sociologia da Infância e estudos da Educação Física deram suporte teórico e, da roda de conversa como instrumento metodológico, emergiram os seguintes temas para Análise Temática: a polissemia do esporte na infância; eixos que estruturam o brincar da criança; brincar para aprender esporte. A análise e interpretação dos dados mostrou que as crianças conceituam o esporte como polissêmico e o interpretam como brincadeira, jogo ou treino. Para elas, a iniciação esportiva é lúdica, as brincadeiras precisam ser reiteradas e a imaginação transcende a realidade na interação com seus pares. Assim, concluímos que, para as crianças da pesquisa, aprende-se esporte brincando.

RESUMO O texto apresenta reflexões acerca das práticas corporais promovidas pelos congadeiros da Vila João Vaz, Goiânia – GO. Tem como propósito identificar aspectos simbólicos decorrentes dos processos de transformação e permanência que interferem nas práticas corporais, considerando-se as danças e os cantos realizados pelos congadeiros. Utilizando-se da pesquisa etnográfica foram realizadas observações, entrevistas e o uso de caderno de campo. Identificou-se que os congadeiros vivenciam suas tradições, por meio de experiências corporificadas que valorizam determinados aspectos criativos, assim como mantém vivas suas referências com a ancestralidade africana e afro-brasileira.

RESUMO Este texto objetivou evidenciar como a interseccionalidade se organiza e se torna uma possibilidade dentro das práticas político-pedagógicas de professoras de Educação Física Escolar. Realizamos um estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório. Selecionamos duas professoras de Educação Física por meio da amostragem típica intencional. Utilizamos o instrumento de entrevistas semiestruturadas. O material empírico foi submetido à análise temática. Os dados nos permitiram identificar a interseccionalidade como uma ferramenta analítico-política potente para os projetos político-pedagógicos de docentes de Educação Física, colocando-a como uma possibilidade de resistência nas aulas, por meio dos conhecimentos atribuídos pelas nuances da vida real.

RESUMO O artigo apresenta perspectivas interseccionais nos Estudos Culturais Físicos por meio de ações do Grupo de Pesquisa Corpo, Educação Física e Diferença, apoiadas nos pressupostos da justiça social. Utilizando uma metodologia descritiva e qualitativa, baseada em relatos de experiência, o texto incursiona pelo contato inicial com pesquisas interseccionais em contexto internacional para, após, abordar como os marcadores sociais de diferença (gênero, raça, classe, entre outros) são apreendidos em contextos brasileiros específicos. Os resultados destacam a relevância da interseccionalidade para compreender as dinâmicas de poder e as desigualdades na educação física, oferecendo possibilidades analíticas e práticas para transformar as relações entre corpo, cultura e poder.

RESUMO O presente artigo teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre infância, corpo e diferença, representadas em produções culturais infantis que tematizam marcadores sociais de classe, gênero e raça, somadas à categoria violência. O estudo recorre a registros de duas pesquisas desenvolvidas em escolas públicas de comunidades periféricas, uma na cidade de São Luís do Maranhão e outra em Sobradinho, região administrativa do Distrito Federal. Fundamentando-se em estudos da Sociologia do Cotidiano e dos Estudos da Infância, analisou-se, de forma qualitativa, desenhos e narrativas de sete crianças, entre nove e 11 anos, dos contextos pesquisados. As informações obtidas apresentam cotidianos permeados de desigualdade que se inserem nas culturas infantis, forjando compreensões de corpo.

The purpose of the present paper is to provide a critical update to previously published findings about the historical background of gonosen-no-kata (“Forms of Post-Attack Initiative Counter Throws”), a non-officially accepted kata of Kodokan judo that achieved some popularity in select European countries. We applied historical methods and source criticism to newly acquired evidence in this way offering a careful critical analysis of this kata’s origin, history and background. Expanding our earlier finding, i.e. the kata’s first verifiable European appearance in London, 1926, from 1927 onward it was spread throughout Europe by a number of judo teachers of Japanese origin. However, the results of this paper now also lead us to firmly refute the caution we had expressed earlier that gonosen-no-kata might well not be of Japanese origin. Indeed, the kata shows up for the first time in November 1915 when it is on display as part of the program surrounding the 20th Waseda University Judo Tournament in Tokyo where it was shown by a pair of judoka, named Nagae and Endo. From then on, the kata was regularly publically demonstrated in Japan at judo contests during the Taisho era (1912-1926) whenever a team from Waseda University participated. Among its most significant early proponents in Japan were Waseda students Endo Moriya, Ninomiya Sotaro, and Yasuoka Toraki. Waseda University’s former chief-instructors Miyakawa Ikkan (1885-1944) and Takahashi Kazuyoshi (1885-1942), and dedicated student(s), such as Endo Moriya (1896-1950) remain the most likely candidates involved in the creation and development of gonosen-no-kata.

Nutritional habits and anthropometric profiles are directly linked to competitive performance; however, there is a great lack of information on amateur or professional mixed martial arts (MMA) athletes outside the competitive period. The aim of this study was to compare food consumption and anthropometric profile of amateur and professional MMA fighters. The sample was composed of 24 male MMA athletes, middleweight category (age: 27.5 ± 5.0 years; body mass: 79.0 ± 12.1 kg; height: 173.5 ± 0.1 cm; %BF: 19.5 ± 4.0 %, BMI: 26.0 ± 2.8 kg/m2). Food consumption was evaluated based on three 24-hour food diaries using the Multi-Step method in a non-competitive period and analyzed using the Dietbox v2.92 software. The professional group was younger (p = 0.001) than the amateur group. Total energy expenditure was similar between amateur (4364 ± 469 kcal) and professional (4312 ± 381 kcal). Amateur and professional reported an energy deficit between the estimated energy requirement and energy intake. Carbohydrate consumption was below the suggested minimum limits (amateur: 3.3 ± 1.6g/kg/day and professional: 3.3 ± 1.4g/kg/day). Protein intake was within the suggested limits (amateur: 1.4 ± 0.9g/kg/day and professional: 1.8 ± 0.8g/kg/day) and lipids presented borderline values about to with concerning the recommendations in the literature (amateur: 0.9 ± 0.6 / g/kg/day and professional: 1.8 ± 0.9 g/kg/day). Amateur and professional athletes did not differ in terms of food consumption and anthropometric profile. Both groups, amateur and professional, demonstrated negative energy balance and inability to reach the suggested levels of macronutrient intake according to the classification. Thus, it is recommended that both MMA groups receive attention regarding nutritional strategies.

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En los últimos años han aumentado los movimientos sociales contrarios a los Juegos Olímpicos que cuestionan los supuestos impactos positivos y el inherente legado de este tipo de proyectos. Este artículo tiene como objetivo indagar a través de imágenes en la complejidad del debate en torno a la candidatura de Juegos Olímpicos de Invierno Pirineus-Barcelona 2030 como espacio de discusión sobre el futuro de un territorio como el Pirineo catalán (España), y reflexionar sobre el cambio producido en torno al establecimiento de grandes consensos sociales, treinta años después de los Juegos Olímpicos de 1992. Partiendo de una contextualización histórica, se aborda el estudio mediante un enfoque etnográfico. Los investigadores recopilaron fotografías y videos de la manifestación de oposición a la citada candidatura, celebrada en mayo del 2022 en la localidad de Puigcerdà, mediante la técnica de observación participante. También se recogieron fotografías publicadas en medios de comunicación y en redes sociales poniendo énfasis en carteles, banderas, lemas, pancartas y otras categorías inductivas. El material visual recopilado fue analizado siguiendo un triple proceso que caracteriza el carácter mixto: de contenido, etnográfico y del discurso. La triangulación del análisis visual con otros enfoques, métodos e investigadores aporta consistencia a este estudio de corte cualitativo comprensivo. Los resultados sugieren que esta manifestación se enmarca en la creciente articulación de protestas hacia grandes proyectos tanto en el ámbito nacional como internacional. Estas reivindicaciones, incipientemente, ya se observaron en otras candidaturas españolas, como Barcelona’92. Entre los principales ejes de protesta presentes en la manifestación destacaron los de oposición al movimiento olímpico, los de carácter independentista, los de tipo medioambiental, y los de crítica al modelo de desarrollo del Pirineo catalán. Este acto permitió visualizar una contestación sin precedentes por parte de determinados sectores de población y de una gran diversidad de organizaciones preocupadas por las consecuencias negativas de este evento. La manifestación contraria a la candidatura olímpica Pirineus-Barcelona 2030 refleja la creciente dificultad para alcanzar amplios acuerdos sociales en torno a los grandes eventos y la pérdida progresiva del consenso olímpico existente en España en décadas anteriores. Esto supone un cambio de paradigma mayoritario en la percepción que tiene la ciudadanía española desde Barcelona’92 acerca de los beneficios de un mega evento deportivo internacional como los Juegos Olímpicos.

O movimento olímpico da modernidade e o processo de industrialização emergem praticamente no mesmo momento, quando o esporte é vislumbrado como um instrumento benéfico para manter o corpo produtivo e controlado. Nessa direção, as máquinas e as aspirações de ruptura com as representações culturais identificadas com o antigo fazem-se necessárias à conformação de outro imaginário social. O hipismo é uma das práticas esportivas que pode exemplificar a construção de descontinuidades e continuidades de representações na dinâmica entre o antigo e o moderno. O objetivo da pesquisa é investigar que representações culturais da modalidade do salto do hipismo foram estabelecidas por meio de fotografias veiculadas em reportagens sobre a participação brasileira nos Jogos Olímpicos entre os anos de 1948 e 1996. O recorte temporal da pesquisa situa-se entre o ano de 1948, quando, pela primeira vez, atletas brasileiros da modalidade Salto do Hipismo representaram o país em Jogos Olímpicos, e estende-se até o ano de 1996, o qual baliza a conquista da primeira medalha olímpica brasileira na referida modalidade hípica. De tal modo, atrelamos dois artefatos de modernidade e sua relação com o movimento olímpico, ao aplicarmos, como metodologia, a análise de imagens veiculadas pelas reportagens sobre as delegações brasileiras no cenário olímpico. Além disto, foram submetidos, à análise documental, jornais, revistas e demais periódicos que continham a temática disponível na Hemeroteca Digital (BNDigital) da Fundação Biblioteca Nacional. Ademais, foram acessadas imagens disponíveis em centros de memória do esporte, sites da Confederação Brasileira de Hipismo (CBH), de federações estaduais e da Federação Equestre Internacional (FEI). Diante da problemática da imagem como operador da memória esportiva e artefato de modernidade, a interpretação dos indícios está amparada no campo da Nova História Cultural, a fim de compreender como sucedeu o registro e quais as suas funções na composição de um artefato ou lugar de memória. Do mesmo modo, buscamos interpenetrar os registros que se conservam e aqueles que não permanecem, ao empenharmo-nos em cruzar aqueles que estão disponíveis nos centros de memória e nos sites oficiais com os demais encontrados na imprensa do período.

Dès les débuts du cinéma hollywoodien, les images documentant les Jeux ont constitué une source d’inspiration. En témoigne par exemple le film Charlie Chan at the Olympics (Humberstone, 1937) dans lequel de vraies images d’actualité des Jeux de 1936 sont diffusées. Depuis, nombres de long-métrages similaires ont vu le jour, certains ayant touché un large public : ils forment ensemble une constellation d’images cinématographiques, une projection du monde. D’un côté, les cinéastes remploient les images captées au moment des Jeux olympiques afin d’appuyer leur version de l’histoire, et, de l’autre, le 7ème art transforme les images en symboles narratifs servant l’avancement de récits. Dans cette perspective, trois grands types d’images sont ici retenus dans le but d’esquisser une histoire fictionnelle des Jeux au cinéma : évènementielle, sportive et morale.

Née en 1948, Christine Caron a su s’imposer comme une championne au service des projets de la société gaulliste. La télévision et la radio jouent un rôle important dans la genèse de cette figure de championne, mais aussi d’idole des jeunes. Multiple recordwoman de France, puis d’Europe des 100 et 200 m dos, Christine Caron est visible parce qu’elle réalise des exploits sportifs, mais surtout parce qu’elle représente un idéal de jeunesse et répond aux normes de la féminité sportive. Elle est tout de même attendue comme une future championne olympique par le public français. Le 14 octobre 1964, elle termine deuxième. Pour la télévision et la radio, c’est un échec. Basé sur un corpus d’extrait de radio et de télévision public de 1962 à 1964, il s’agit ici de s’interroger sur le rôle des médias dans la construction d’un espoir des Français pour une médaille d’or olympique de Christine Caron lors des Jeux Olympiques de Tokyo en 1964.

Taking place at an altitude of 2,200 metres, the 1968 Olympic Games marked both the advent of Kenyan athletes on the world middle-distance running scene and the emergence of representations of the advantages that the altitude at which they lived would confer on them. These Games remain closely associated with the image of Kenyan athletes as bearers of a fantasised advantage linked to the natural environment in which they evolve. This representation reflects a French media construction that tends to devalue these athletes in a subordinate position in a sports space that is a vector of discrimination. The study is based on the analysis of works on athletics in Kenya published in France, written by journalists, athletes or coaches and of the specialized French press through the issues of Le Miroir de l'athlétisme, l'Équipe athlétisme magazine, VO2 Magazine and l'Athlétisme. The various observers took advantage of the geographical singularity of the Olympic site in Mexico City to euphemise, if not discredit, the Kenyan hegemony in the long races. This was due as much to their difficulty in separating themselves from a racialist vision of sporting performance as to a desire to preserve the faltering lustre of the French middle distance. Although controversial, the image of the influence of altitude brought to light at the Mexico Games has endured to the present day, despite the involvement of scientists to shed light on this phenomenon.

On 25 September, 2000, Cathy Freeman won the 400-meter final in her native country. Symbolic on two levels, political (Ory 2000, Nocita 2020) and social (Delporte 1991, White 2012) the image of this victory was on the front pages of the world’s newspapers. Indeed, on 25 September, Freeman decided to do her victory lap holding the two flags of her country – Australian and Aboriginal flags – thus breaking rule number 50 of the Olympic Charter. Symbolicallytied together, these two flags then showed to the world her pride at being both Aboriginal and Australian. They also brought to light the Aboriginal people that had been deprived of its rights and lands by the Australian government since this Terra Nulius was conquered in 1788 (Hugues 2003), in a context of reconciliation claims. However, despite some violent reactions (Hugues, 1987), Freeman’s gesture, pregnant with political and identity claims (White 2011), was never punished. What differences can be made in this political gesture and the one, thirty- two years earlier made by Tommie Smith, John Carlos and Peter Norman, who were severely disciplined? What does such a seemly clemency say about the Olympics? By replacing this picture in the social and historical context of a country, Australia, and a movement, Olympism, along with a semiotic analysis of the headlines of Australia’s national newspapers (corpus), we propose to give a better understanding of what it shows and reveals about the political and community issues at stake, as well as the contradictions it reveals.

La calidad del sueño es un factor determinante para el rendimiento y la salud de los deportistas en general. El objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar la calidad del sueño en triatletas aficionados entrenados, masculinos y femeninos, entre 20 y 59 años. Se realizó una encuesta con 151 triatletas aficionados entrenados, 108 hombres (38.6 ± 8.1 años, experiencia en entrenamiento de triatlón 5.8 ± 4.3 años, frecuencia de entrenamiento 6.3 ± 0.9 días por semana) y 43 mujeres (39.3 ± 7.6 años, experiencia en entrenamiento de triatlón 4.8 ± 3.3 años, frecuencia de entrenamiento 6.5 ± 0.6 días por semana). La calidad del sueño se midió mediante el índice de calidad del sueño de Pittsburgh-Br (PSQI-Br), los valores totales por debajo de 05 puntos indican que duermen bien y los valores iguales o superiores a 05 puntos indican que duermen mal. Los datos de las subescalas se analizaron utilizando frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Los demás datos para la caracterización de la calidad del sueño se analizaron con mediana, media, desviación típica, error estándar e intervalo de confianza del 95% de la media. Los triatletas masculinos y femeninos tienen una mala calidad del sueño (valores iguales o superiores a 05 puntos), lo que puede tener efectos negativos en la salud y el rendimiento. En conclusión, todos los triatletas, sin importar el género y el grupo de edad, tienen una mala calidad del sueño.

While sporting activity has the capacity to be filled with meanings, as well as its multiple phenomenological expressions, we can speak of an important complexity. Thus, sport affects even the construction of the socio-political narratives of modern societies. The sporting spectacles of the twentieth century are a fertile field for understanding these historical and socio-political processes, as well as its subsequent influence through the institutionalization of sport and the consequent proliferation of narratives that reflect global and national projects in interaction. On time, the proposal revolves around the global figuracional analysis of the periods in which the Formula 1 Mexican Grand Prix was held: 1962 to 1970, 1986 to 1992 and 2015 to 2019. Each of these periods is considered in conjunction with historical processes that, as has been traced, intervene in its constitution: the "Mexican miracle" of the sixties, the development of neoliberalism in the 1980s and democratization in the second decade of the 21st century. The objective of this exercise is to explore, through a review in the specialized hemerography of each historical moment, the ideological constitution towards the interior and the exterior of the Mexican Nation-State through sports expression, as well as the interaction with the global order proposal mediated by spectacle sport and a global modernization model focused on the figure of the automobile. The reflection around each period and its intersection with the mentioned historical junctures is carried out through two analytical elements: the construction of national projects and sports diplomacy. In conclusion, it is possible to think of different national projects exposed from Mexican motorsport, with limited scope and clear objectives in terms of diplomatic expression, which was largely oriented towards the approach to global hegemonic blocs.

The Euzkadi team was created in the context of the Spanish Civil War following a call from the lehendakari (Basque president) José Antonio Aguirre. Apart from promoting Republican Spain and Basque national culture, its main mission was to raise funds for humanitarian purposes. After playing matches in five European countries and the Soviet Union between April and August 1937, the players decided to continue their tour in South America instead of returning to their rebel-conquered homeland. Their stays in Mexico and Cuba until the summer of 1939 will be analysed under the question of their links with official, public and parallel diplomacy. The main objective is to identify and explain the differences and convergences of interests between governments, national sports institutions, and FIFA.

Este número especial de la revista Materiales para la Historia del Deporte está centrado en el estudio de las relaciones internacionales y el deporte desde una perspectiva historiográfica, y tiene como uno de sus principales objetivos el presentar a los lectores un conjunto de investigaciones novedosas que plantean un debate transnacional, centrado en temáticas que no habían reclamado hasta este momento la atención de los especialistas. En los últimos años, se ha podido apreciar un aumento exponencial en el número de publicaciones que tienen en el estudio de la intersección entre el deporte, la diplomacia y las relaciones internacionales su objeto de estudio. Como ejemplo de esta tendencia, podemos señalar que una búsqueda a principios del 2024 en el sitio web de la prestigiosa revista de historia del deporte The International Journal of the History of Sport, utilizando los descriptores ["sport diplomacy" OR "olympic diplomacy" OR "international relations"], ofrecía como resultado un total de 339 artículos, de los que 256 habían aparecido publicados en esta revista entre el 2010 y el 2023. Esta tendencia internacional ha tenido también un importante impacto, aunque más ralentizado, en el caso español, pudiendo afirmarse que en estos momentos disfruta de un periodo de gran crecimiento. Este desarrollo se pudo constatar en el último congreso organizado por la Asociación de Historia Contemporánea (AHC) en septiembre del 2023, en el que los historiadores Santiago de Pablo Contreras y André Gounot coordinaron un taller sobre historia del deporte en el que se presentaron trece ponencias. Es muy indicativo de esta nueva orientación, que seis de estas presentaciones estuvieron específicamente centradas en la historia del deporte y las relaciones internacionales. Pese a todo, todavía se puede observar que son muy pocos los investigadores que han abordado el estudio de esta temática en gran parte de los países que componen la zona sur y el este de Europa, así como en Latinoamérica.

At the dawn of the failed coup d'état of 18 July 1936, which unleashed a bloody Civil War, the Basque territory described a series of peculiarities that gave it its own character. Beyond the specific features, which can be seen in the type of government that took shape during the aforementioned episode of war in the aforementioned geographical demarcation, which remained faithful to Republican legality, a type of diplomacy would emerge with dual objectives: on the one hand, to defend the legality of a State and, on the other hand, to publicise another entity, which aspired to be born and escaped the existing logics. This model of diplomacy has been highlighted thanks to the analysis of various archival sources, such as the Official Gazette of the Basque Country / Euskadi´ko Agintaritzaren Egunerokoa or the Historical Archive of Euzkadi / Euskadiko Artxibo Historikoa and newspaper and periodicals (local, such as Euzko Deya, Euzkadi, Gudari, European ones such as Rouge Midi or Przeglgd Sportowy and American ones such as the Mexican El Gráfico, La Afición or El Informador) and by using the analyticalsynthetic method, breaking down the object of study into parts, which will subsequently be related. In this way, we can affirm that in the Basque territory loyal to the Second Republic, a Basque-style model of diplomacy was developed, which was a novelty in the peninsular territory.

In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the cultural diplomacy of the two blocs began to focus on countries emerging from the process of decolonisation. The aim was to establish economic relations and influence their future development. Sport remained a privileged field for this cultural diplomacy, especially for the Hungarian People's Republic. Nevertheless, Hungarian cultural diplomacy had clear obstacles, product of the limitations Hungary had at the time: little coordination with the other countries of the Eastern Bloc and and extremely limited spending capacity.

En este trabajo profundizamos la conexión entre deporte, política y religión, y para ello partimos de un momento y un caso concreto como es el del Athletic Club, y su vinculación al franquismo y a la Santa Sede, a mediados de la década de 1950. El estudio se centra en la audiencia del papa Pío XII al club en el Vaticano (directivos, jugadores y familiares), el discurso y la recepción del acto en 1956, y el homenaje posterior al pontífice en el estadio de San Mamés en mayo de 1958. Los hechos y la documentación generada permiten analizar la construcción y el papel de los deportistas como embajadores y propagandistas de unos valores y unas propuestas políticas sociales muy concretas. Los hechos tienen lugar en una coyuntura de apertura y de legitimación del régimen como consecuencia de los acuerdos entre la Santa Sede y el Estado español, y en el marco de las nuevas competiciones futbolísticas internacionales que van a poner a los equipos españoles en el centro de interés europeo.

Between 1963 and 1966, the Spanish club Valencia Club de Fútbol visited Mexico on two occasions, a country with which Spain had not maintained diplomatic relations since the end of the Civil War in 1939 and where numerous Spanish Republican exiles lived. In the expatriate colony, the presence of Valencian citizens stood out, organized in a Regional House, who, in coordination with the Valencia board of directors, promoted the visit of the club from their city of origin. Among the most outstanding milestones of these two expeditions, on the sporting level, the participation of the club in the inauguration acts of the Azteca Stadium and, on the social and political aspect, the resumption, in the midst of the Franco dictatorship, of relations with the exiled. This work is based on the analysis of private archives, Spanish and Mexican newspaper sources and abundant bibliography on the Spanish exile in the Central American country and allows us to conclude that the two tours were essential to normalize sports relations between both countries.

In the 40s of the last century there was a conflict between two factions of the Falange y de las JONS in China. This conflict escalated to such a point that the faction that was in inferiority kidnapped the Spanish consul in Shanghai. This attack forced the authorities in Madrid to intervene to prevent the Japanese officers from acting and thus putting Franco's Spain in a diplomatic compromise with the Allies. These Falangists were also mostly players from the Basque pelota frontons that had been inaugurated with great success more than a decade earlier in the cities of Shanghai and Tianjin. Their condition as pelotaris and their conditions were the main reasons for the conflict.

In 1923, Pierre de Coubertin expressed the wish for African Games but they were quickly rejected by British and French colonial guardianship (Deville Danthu 1997; Chatziefstathiou Henry 2012). After the Second World War, the realization of this project is still not possible since Africa remains under the colonial yoke, except Middle East and North Africa region which become independent. The Mediterranean space can seize sport by creating NOC to represent itself as a world (Becker 2006) and integrate the Olympic movement (Adami 2004). Thus, in 1947, the Egyptian Olympic member Mohamed Taher Pasha proposed the project of Mediterranean Games (MG) causing fear of competition at the Olympic Games. Indeed, by 1951, the Regional Games were exploding (Erraïs Fatès 1989) and the following year, the IOC, newly chaired by the American Avery Brundage, regulated and controlled the Regional Games through Olympic sponsorship (Guttmann 2002). However, if an organizing committee allows the first three editions to take place (Egypt, 1951; Spain, 1955; Lebanon, 1959), on the other hand the International Committee of the Mediterranean Games (ICMG) was created in 1961 under the impetus of Olympic member Gabriel Gemayel (Lebanon). Can the ICMG therefore be an institutional solution (Dobry 2009) to the rivalries of this new Mediterranean area? From the archives of the CEO-CIO, the ICMG, and the press, we will examine on the one hand the context of the creation of these MG reflecting the balance of power between the world of Mediterranean sport and the Olympic world and on the other hand we will analyze how the institutionalization of the ICMG can be an instrument of Arab and third-party influence-A worldist whose aim is to overcome these rivalries.

This special issue of the journal Materiales para la Historia del Deporte is focused on the study of international relations and sports from a historiographical perspective. One of its main objectives is to present readers with a collection of innovative research that initiates a transnational debate, focusing on themes that have not yet claimed the attention of specialists until now. In recent years, there has been a noticeable exponential increase in the number of publications focusing on the study of intersections between sport, diplomacy and international relations. As an example of this trend, a search in early 2024 on the website of the prestigious journal in the history of sport, The International Journal of the History of Sport, using descriptors such as ["sport diplomacy" OR "olympic diplomacy" OR "international relations"], yielded a total of 339 articles. Among these, 256 had been published in the period between 2010 and 2023 within this journal. This international trend has also had a significant impact, albeit at a somewhat slower pace, on the Spanish context, and it can be affirmed that it is currently experiencing a period of considerable growth. This development was evident at the latest congress organized by the Asociación de Historia Contemporánea (AHC) in September 2023, where historians Santiago de Pablo Contreras and André Gounot coordinated a workshop on the history of sport, featuring thirteen presentations. Notably, six of these presentations were specifically focused on the history of sport and international relations. Nevertheless, it is still observable that there are very few researchers who have undertaken the study of this theme in a substantial portion of the countries in Southern and Eastern Europe, as well as in Latin America.

The article brings as an object of reflection the study of the biography and life trajectory of João Havelange (1916-2016), more specifically the period in which he was president of the Brazilian Sports Confederation (CBD), between 1958 and 1975. His sport´s leadership in Brazil has gone through dictatorial and democratic periods, moments of developmentalist and nationalist euphoria, and confrontations of political and economic crises. At the same time, his biography is closely intertwined with the processes of institutionalization of sports practices in the country, which at many times bore the imprint of the leader, but mainly, they usually reflect issues dear to the political projects in dispute at the time. From the study of this period of his biography, it is demonstrated how a national sports management model was consolidated, marked by a developmentalist logic, in accordance with the national context. This model was exhausted with the neoliberal project from 1990. Finally, starting from the debate on the multiple memories built on and by the elites, it is shown how Havelange represents the rise and exhaustion of a model, successful for almost the entire XX century in Brazil.