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Noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) may reduce postoperative complications of obesity--associated restrictive pulmonary syndrome. We evaluated the effects of NIV use after extubation in patients undergoing bariatric surgery on acute changes in lung function. A randomized clinical trial was performed with patients in the immediate postoperative period of bariatric surgery. The intervention group used NIV for 1 hour after arrival at the post-anesthesia recovery room, the control group received standard care. Pulmonary function assessment was performed preoperatively, immediately after surgery and 1 hour after arrival in the recovery room. Statistical analysis was performed using the Generalized Estimation Equations test and Bonferroni's post-hoc test. The significance level adopted was 0.05. A total of 46 individuals were evaluated, of which 31 were able to perform spirometry in the pre and immediate postoperative period. The sample consisted of 25 women, mean age of 42.55 ± 10.39 years and mean Body Mass Index of 50.82 ± 10.20. Preoperative spirometry showed that most patients had mild restrictive disorders (46.7% versus 43.8%) or no respiratory disorder (40% versus 31.3%). In the post-extubation evaluation, most patients had severe restrictive disorder (66.7% versus 53.8%), after one hour in the recovery room, 64.3% versus 60% of patients had severe restriction and 21.4% versus 20% severe obstruction. It was concluded that the use of prophylactic NIV did not improve pulmonary function in the immediate postoperative period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fisioterapia Brasil is the property of Atlantica Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fisioterapia Brasil is the property of Atlantica Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate symptoms, lung function, and quality of life of a cohort of patients hospitalized for severe COVID-19 12 months after hospital admission. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. We included severe COVID-19 survivors hospitalized in one of three tertiary referral hospitals for COVID-19 in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Participants were submitted to lung function and six-minute walk tests and completed the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire. Results: The whole sample comprised 189 COVID-19 survivors (mean age = 59.6 ± 13.4 years) who had been admitted to a ward only (n = 96; 50.8%) or to an ICU (n = 93; 49.2%). At 12 months of follow-up, 43% of patients presented with dyspnea, 27% of whom had a restrictive ventilatory disorder and 18% of whom presented with impaired DLCO. There were no significant differences in FVC, FEV1, and TLC between the survivors with or without dyspnea. However, those who still had dyspnea had significantly more impaired DLCO (14.9% vs. 22.4%; p < 0.020) and poorer quality of life. Conclusions: After one year, survivors of severe COVID-19 in a middle-income country still present with high symptom burden, restrictive ventilatory changes, and loss of quality of life. Ongoing follow-up is needed to characterize long COVID-19 and identify strategies to mitigate its consequences.

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare and analyze pulmonary function and respiratory mechanics parameters between healthy children and children with cystic fibrosis. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study included healthy children (HSG) and children with cystic fibrosis (CFG), aged 6–13 years, from teaching institutions and a reference center for cystic fibrosis in Florianópolis/SC, Brazil. The patients were paired by age and sex. Initially, an anthropometric evaluation was undertaken to pair the sample characteristics in both groups; the medical records of CFG were consulted for bacterial colonization, genotype, and disease severity (Schwachman-Doershuk Score — SDS) data. Spirometry and impulse oscillometry were used to assess pulmonary function. Results: In total, 110 children were included, 55 in each group. In the CFG group, 58.2% were classified as excellent by SDS, 49.1% showed the ΔF508 heterozygotic genotype, and 67.3% were colonized by some pathogens. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between both groups (p

Objective: Evaluate the spirometry pattern of patients who persisted with respiratory symptoms after infection with SARS-Cov-2. Methods: Cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study in a single center, approved by the local Ethics Committee (registration number: 5,120,720). Patients who underwent spirometry due to Post-Covid Syndrome were evaluated to analyze the spirometric pattern presented. The following were collected: exam identification data, sex, age, symptom time, the need for mechanical ventilation, and quality of spirometry, in addition to the following exam parameters: FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEV 25-75/FVC, and FEV 75, evaluating the Lower Limit of Normality, pre-bronchodilator and post-bronchodilator values. Results: Data from 72 patients were collected. Of these, 55.5% of patients had spirometry results within normal limits. The most frequent respiratory alteration was obstructive respiratory disorder, present in 29.2% of the patients. Conclusions: The presence of dyspnea in patients with normal spirometry may indicate further evaluation of lung function and other etiologies for dyspnea.

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ABSTRACT This study aims to verify the association between exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB), cardiorespiratory fitness, and physical activity levels in adolescents. To do so, we evaluated 202 healthy adolescents aged from 13 to 18 years, out of which 94 (46.5%) were females and 108 (53.5%) males. Participants performed a bronchial challenge test in a treadmill (Master Super ATL, Inbramed®) to evaluate bronchial hyper-responsiveness; a spirometric test (Microquark, Cosmed®) to evaluate lung function; answered the Baecke’s Questionnaire of Habitual Physical Activity; and performed the progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run test. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation, chi-square test, and odds ratio. The significance level adopted was p

Lung reexpansion therapy is a physical therapy approach that aims to increase lung volumes, using techniques and/or instruments that encourage the patient to take a deep breath, one of the strategies being incentive spirometry (IS). The IS is a mechanical device that aims to expand the alveolar units. They provide visual feedback. There are two types of IS, the volume-oriented (VSI) and floworiented (ISF) incentive spirometer, both of which are used to encourage the patient to inspire to full lung capacity. This study aimed to verify the effects of IS on lung expansion, through a systematic review of the literature. A systematic review was carried out to answer the following research question “what are the effects of respiratory boosters on lung expansion?” with publications from 2011 to 2021, with articles classified as randomized clinical trials, cross-sectional studies, crossovers and control cases, in PubMed, BVS, Lilacs, Scielo, Scopus, Cochrane Library and PEDro databases. The level of evidence was determined according to the design of each study and the studies were evaluated using the PEDro quality scale. The initial sample consisted of 325 studies, after all the search criteria were performed, 17 articles were included for the analysis. Concluding that in the articles that evaluated the use of IS, individuals who underwent surgery postoperatively, it proved to be inconclusive in lung expansion, in neurological individuals, despite the majority of the results being positive, a cautious analysis should be considered. In healthy individuals and in other conditions, its use proved to be effective. Thus, showing that there is no consensus on the effectiveness of IS in lung expansion. However, more studies must be carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To quantify and compare respiratory functions and further screen the oral mucosa of tobacco and non-tobacco users. Material and Methods: First control group, non-tobacco users (n=55); Second group, smokers’ group (n=168) who currently smoked cigarettes; Third group smokeless/chewing type, tobacco group (n=81); Fourth group, both smokeless and smoking type tobacco users (n=46). Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependences (FTND) and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST) instruments were used to assess nicotine dependence. Subsequently, spirometry and Toluidine Blue (TB) vital staining were performed. Chi-squared and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for statistical analysis. Results: Fagerstrom test resulted in 48.8% of subjects with low dependency, followed by an increase in nicotine dependency from low to moderate (29.2%), moderate (15.6%), and highly dependent (6.4%) groups. All respiratory function tests and oral screening confirmed significant changes amongst tobacco and non-tobacco users. The forced vital capacity of non-smoker group was significantly different from other tobacco users’ group (p

ABSTRACT Objective: Pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterised by recurrent episodes of pulmonary exacerbations (PExs), with acute and long-term declines in lung function (FEV1). The study sought to determine whether routine spirometry increases the frequency of PEx diagnosis, resulting in benefits to long-term pulmonary function. Methods: CF patients in the 5- to 18-year age bracket were followed for 1 year, during which they underwent spirometry before every medical visit. The main variables were the frequency of PEx diagnosis and use of antibiotics; the use of spirometry as a criterion for PEx diagnosis (a decline ≥ 10% in baseline FEV1); and median percent predicted FEV1 over time. The data were compared with those for the previous 24-month period, when spirometry was performed electively every 6 months. Results: The study included 80 CF patients. PExs were diagnosed in 27.5% of the visits, with a mean frequency of 1.44 PExs per patient/year in 2014 vs. 0.88 PExs per patient/year in 2012 (p = 0.0001) and 1.15 PExs per patient/year in 2013 (p = 0.05). FEV1 was used as a diagnostic feature in 83.5% of PExs. In 21.9% of PExs, the decision to initiate antibiotics was solely based on an acute decline in FEV1. The median percent predicted FEV1 during the follow-up year was 85.7%, being 78.5% in 2013 and 76.8% in 2012 (p > 0.05). The median percent predicted FEV1 remained above 80% during the two years after the study. Conclusions: Routine spirometry is associated with higher rates of diagnosis and treatment of PExs, possibly impacting long-term pulmonary function.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate lung function in a cohort of patients with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis in Brazil, as well as to evaluate the decline in lung function over time and compare it with that observed in similar cohorts in Mexico and Italy. Methods: The three cohorts were compared in terms of age, smoking status, pulmonary function test results, six-minute walk test results, and arterial blood gas results. In the Brazilian cohort, pulmonary function test results, six-minute walk test results, and arterial blood gas results right after the end of tuberculosis treatment were compared with those obtained at the end of the follow-up period. Results: The three cohorts were very different regarding pulmonary function test results. The most common ventilatory patterns in the Brazilian, Italian, and Mexican cohorts were an obstructive pattern, a mixed pattern, and a normal pattern (in 58 patients [50.9%], in 18 patients [41.9%], and in 26 patients [44.1%], respectively). Only 2 multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases were included in the Brazilian cohort, whereas, in the Mexican cohort, 27 cases were included (45.8%). Mean PaO2 and mean SaO2 were lower in the Mexican cohort than in the Brazilian cohort (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.002 for PaO2 and SaO2, respectively). In the Brazilian cohort, almost all functional parameters deteriorated over time. Conclusions: This study reinforces the importance of early and effective treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis patients, because multidrug-resistant tuberculosis increases lung damage. When patients complete their tuberculosis treatment, they should be evaluated as early as possible, and, if post-tuberculosis lung disease is diagnosed, they should be managed and offered pulmonary rehabilitation because there is evidence that it is effective in these patients.

Copyright of Minas Gerais Medical Journal / Revista Médica de Minas Gerais is the property of Associacao Medica de Minas Gerais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study was to verify the relation between sedentary time and physical activity levels (light to moderate to vigorous) on spirometric values in the elderly. In addition, we aimed to assess the effects of the implementation of the Global Recommendations of Physical Activity. Seventy-seven elderly (71.90 ± 5.50 years) of both genders volunteered to participate in this cross-setional study, being divided into an active group (n= 37) (70.76 ± 4.91 years) and an inactive group (n= 40) (72.95 ± 5.87 years) according to the established guidelines. Sedentary and physical activity times were assessed using an ActiGraph® GT1M accelerometer. The Spirometer Microquark of Cosmed® was used to evaluate the spirometric values. Data analysis was based on descriptive, inferential and magnitude effects. There were no significant correlations between sedentary time and physical activity (light and moderate to vigorous) with spirometric values, nor were there significant differences between groups. Our results are clear as to the absence of significant statistical evidence about the relationship between the analyzed variables.

ABSTRACT Objective: The identification of persistent airway obstruction is key to making a diagnosis of COPD. The GOLD guidelines suggest a fixed criterion-a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio < 70%-to define obstruction, although other guidelines suggest that a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio < the lower limit of normal (LLN) is the most accurate criterion. Methods: This was an observational study of individuals ≥ 40 years of age with risk factors for COPD who were referred to our pulmonary function laboratory for spirometry. Respiratory symptoms were also recorded. We calculated the prevalence of airway obstruction and of no airway obstruction, according to the GOLD criterion (GOLD+ and GOLD−, respectively) and according to the LLN criterion (LLN+ and LLN−, respectively). We also evaluated the level of agreement between the two criteria. Results: A total of 241 individuals were included. Airway obstruction was identified according to the GOLD criterion in 42 individuals (17.4%) and according to the LLN criterion in 23 (9.5%). The overall level of agreement between the two criteria was good (k = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.52-0.81), although it was lower among the individuals ≥ 70 years of age (k = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.12-0.72). The proportion of obese individuals was lower in the GOLD+/LLN+ category than in the GOLD+/LLN− category (p = 0.03), as was the median DLCO (p = 0.04). Conclusions: The use of the GOLD criterion appears to be associated with a higher prevalence of COPD. The agreement between the GOLD and LLN criteria also appears to be good, albeit weaker in older individuals. The use of different criteria to define airway obstruction seems to identify individuals with different characteristics. It is essential to understand the clinical meaning of discordance between such criteria. Until more data are available, we recommend a holistic, individualized approach to, as well as close follow-up of, patients with discordant results for airway obstruction.

Introduction: Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis is caused by the inhalation of coal dust and its accumulation in the lungs after several years of exposure. Objective: To determine the prevalence of pneumoconiosis in underground mining workers exposed to coal dust in Cundinamarca, Colombia, and its association with their spirometry results and respiratory symptoms. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study conducted on 215 workers who were administered a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms. For each worker a chest radiograph was taken according to the criteria of the International Labor Organization. Information on the workers’ socio-demographic characteristics, smoking habits, and spirometry results was included. Results: The average age was 45.5 ± 9.4 years and the average length of employment was 21.7±10.0 years. Expectoration was the symptom most frequently reported (73.5%). Regarding spirometry results, a normal pattern was observed in 89.8% of the sample, while obstructive and restrictive patterns were found in 5.1% and 3.7% of the subjects, and 0.5% had a peripheral airways dysfunction pattern. The prevalence of pneumoconiosis was 42.33%. FEV1/FVC ratio (81.75 vs. 83.74, p=0.045) and FF25-75% (84.96 vs. 91.95, p

ABSTRACT Purpose: to evaluate the reliability of the maximum phonation time (MPT) and Vital Capacity intra and inter-examiner, by means of the single-breath counting test (CT) and the sustained /a/ phoneme, and the slow vital capacity (SVC). Methods: a reliability study carried out in three groups of healthy individuals, each group with 30 volunteers, allocated according to age. SVC was measured using a spirometer, while the MPT was assessed by the phoneme /a/ and CT. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Initially, descriptive statistics were used and for data reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: the Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) were considered excellent, with significant results above 0.92 for SVC and greater than 0.79 for CT and phoneme /a/. Regarding the inter-examiner evaluation, the ICCs were also significant for both SVC with values greater than 0.96, and for CT and the phoneme /a/ with values greater than 0.85. The error inherent in the technique was assessed using the standard error of the measurement for intra and inter-examiner analyses with values ranging from 1.79 to 3.29 for phoneme /a/, 3.20 to 6.58 for CT and 65, 05 to 206.73 for SVCml. Conclusion: phonation techniques with the phoneme /a/ and CT, as well as SVC, have an excellent reliability, due to intra and inter-examiner agreement measures.

ABSTRACT Objective: Asthma and obesity are prevalent and interrelated diseases. In the pediatric population, the effect of systemic inflammation associated to obesity, leading to inflammation of the airways, is currently controversial. Our aim was to compare inflammatory, clinical and spirometric patterns between children with asthma and obesity and those within the normal weight status range. Methods: A total of 79 boys and girls from 6 to 10 years old were selected and divided into four groups: obese asthmatics, non-obese asthmatics, obese non-asthmatics, and non-obese non-asthmatics. In addition to collecting clinical and anthropometric data, all children underwent spirometry and skin prick tests for inhalant allergens. Blood samples for measurement of cytokines and adipokines were also collected. Results: Obese asthmatics had significantly worse control of asthma than non-obese asthmatics (OR 4.9; 95%CI 1.1‒22.1), regardless of sex, physical activity and atopy. No differences in spirometry, Th1 and Th2 cytokines and adipokines levels were observed among the four groups. The prick tests were positive in 81.8 and 80% of non-obese asthmatics and obese asthmatics, respectively. Conclusions: The degree of control of asthma was significantly lower in the obese group, regardless of the findings of no differences in spirometry. Extra-pulmonary factors could be responsible for this symptomatic profile. High positivity of skin test in both groups, which is considered a good marker of atopy, shows a preponderant atopic component in the genesis of asthma, both in children with obesity and in those within the normal weight status.

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the association between quality of life, functional capacity and clinical and nutritional status in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods: Cross-sectional study, including patients from eight to 18 years old with CF. Quality of life, functional capacity, nutritional status and clinical status were evaluated with the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire; the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and manual gripping force (MGF); the height percentiles for age and body mass index for age and respiratory function test, respectively. Pearson and Spearman correlation tests and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 45 patients, 13.4±0.5 years old, 60% female, 60% colonized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 57.8% with at least one F508del mutation participated in the study. When assessing the perception of quality of life, the weight domain reached the lowest values, and the digestive domain, the highest. In the pulmonary function test, the forced expiratory volume of the first second was 77.3±3.3% and the 6MWT and MGF presented values within the normal range. There was an association between quality of life and functional capacity, nutritional status and clinical status of CF patients. Conclusions: The study participants had good clinical conditions and satisfactory values of functional capacity and quality of life. The findings reinforce that the assessment of quality of life may be important for clinical practice in the management of treatment.

Introduction: Physical inactivity is a risk factor for developing noncommnunicable diseases, as well as respiratory and cardiovascular disorders. To counter this, different types of interventions have been proposed, including respiratory muscle training (RMT). Objective: To determine the effect of a respiratory muscle training program on respiratory muscle strength, lung function and resting oxygen consumption in sedentary subjects. Materials and methods: Pretest-posttest experimental study conducted in sedentary students. Lifestyle and the level of physical activity was determined using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the FANTASTIC questionnaire, while respiratory muscle strength was established by means of expiratory and inspiratory pressure using a Dwyer Series 477 meter, and lung function and oxygen consumption was determined by spirometry and indirect calorimetry whit Vmax Encore 29C® calorimeter. Respiratory muscle training was performed for eight weeks with Threshold IMT system. R software, version 3.1.2, was used for statistical analysis. Results: Clinically and statistically significant improvements were found in maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) (pre: 81.23±22.00/post: 96.44±24.54 cmH2O; p

Introduction: Spirometry in workers exposed to air pollutants allows for early identification of lung function impairment. Reference values (RV) for spirometric variables (SV) obtained in Cuban workers (CW) are not available. Objective: To obtain adequate SV-specific RV adequate for supposedly healthy CW. Materials and methods: Retrospective, analytical study. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio and 25-75% forced expiration fraction for FVC (FEF25-75) values were observed in 1 088 allegedly healthy, non-smoker workers from both sexes, aged between 20 - 65 years, assisted at the Instituto Nacional de la Salud de los Trabajadores (INSAT) in Havana (Cuba) between 2009 and 2015. RV were obtained for each sex as solutions of the regression function (RF) Y=α+β x age+χ x height+ε (Y: FVC, FSV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75). Results: Advanced ages were associated with lower FVC and FEV1. Taller individuals showed higher FVC and FEV1. A RF including age and height implied a higher coefficient of determination r2 and lower estimation of ε error. Behavior of SV values predicted with the locally developed equation was less biased than those obtained with other foreign equations. Conclusions: Locally developed RV may be more effective for diagnosing lung diseases in CW.

Despite the fact that bariatric surgery (CB) reduces the inflammatory process and cardiometabolic risk, few studies have evaluated the impact of this procedure on environmental, biochemical, hemodynamic, cardiorespiratory factors on body composition, prospectively, especially by scrutinizing users of the Unified Health System. Health (SUS). Therefore, this study aims to analyze the evolution of cardiometabolic risk in patients undergoing CB and its association with environmental, biochemical, hemodynamic, cardiorespiratory, and body composition factors. It was an analytical, longitudinal, prospective, cohort study with two groups and a quantitative approach. Candidates for CB who meet the criteria of the Brazilian Society of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery (case group) and volunteers with diabetes mellitus 2 and obesity grade II (control group) will be considered eligible. Body composition, hemodynamic, biochemical, food consumption, and cardiorespiratory data will be collected before surgery and after one, three, six, and twelve months after the procedure. In addition, an ergospirometric test, transthoracic echocardiogram, and bone densitometry (DEXA) was performed. This investigation intends to produce information about the impact of CB on the metabolic, physical, and psychosocial integrity of SUS users. Thus, it is expected to provide public managers with technical information to support efficient and equitable health policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To evaluate the effects of a pulmonary rehabilitation program on functional capacity and pulmonary function in patients with cystic fibrosis. Methodology: This is a randomized, controlled clinical trial. The sample consisted of 14 participants, divided into experimental group (GE) and control group (CG), in which the EG was submitted to a protocol of aerobic exercises and supervised respiratory physiotherapy and the GC to unsupervised breathing exercises. Pre- and post-intervention analyzes to verify the effects of aerobic exercise on functional capacity were through the six-minute walk test (CT6) and pulmonary function by spirometry and manuovacuometry, with 20 and 40 sessions respectively. The Results: Regarding the intragroup comparison, we observed statistically significant differences in the EG for distance traveled, FEV1, FVC, PImax and Pemax after the intervention period of the participants with 40 sessions. Conclusion: There was an increase in functional capacity and pulmonary function after the pulmonary rehabilitation protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introducción. La medicina basada en evidencia clínica encuentra cada vez más beneficios del yoga en sus practicantes. Objetivo. Describir los efectos en la función pulmonar y la cinética del lactato ocasionados por la práctica de pranayamas en adultos con apariencia saludable. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental en adultos sedentarios sin experiencia en la práctica de yoga, quienes realizaron un estímulo durante 12 semanas con un frecuencia mínima de dos sesiones por semana. Se dividieron en un grupo de yoga (GY) y un grupo de control (GC). Se determinó composición corporal, presión arterial, frecuencia cardíaca, doble producto (DP), saturación periférica de oxígeno (SpO2), lactato en sangre (Lacts), hematocrito (Htc) por micrométodo, y espirometría previa y posterior a un plan de entrenamiento con pranayamas. Las variables analizadas fueron: capacidad vital forzada (CVF), volumen espiratorio forzado del primer segundo (VEF1) y relación VEF1/CVF. Resultados. Los resultados de la CVF, VEF1 y lactato presentaron diferencias significativas entre el GY y el GC (p

Objective: To analyze and compare lung function of obese and healthy, normal‐weight children and adolescents, without asthma, through spirometry and volumetric capnography. Methods: Cross‐sectional study including 77 subjects (38 obese) aged 5–17 years. All subjects underwent spirometry and volumetric capnography. The evaluations were repeated in obese subjects after the use of a bronchodilator. Results: At the spirometry assessment, obese individuals, when compared with the control group, showed lower values of forced expiratory volume in the first second by forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) and expiratory flows at 75% and between 25 and 75% of the FVC (p 11 years (p

Objective: To evaluate the effects of reduction mammoplasty on the pulmonary function and quality of life of women with gigantomastia.Method: Observational study (a case series) that retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 14 cases of women who underwent reduction mammoplasty in the last 12 months at the surgical clinic service of a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro.Results: The mean age, height and weight of the women who underwent mammoplasty were, respectively, 44.5 years, 158 cm and 93.8 kg. Body mass index revealed obesity classes ranging from I to III. Regarding spirometry, the values of FVC ranged from 92.76% of the predicted theoretical value before surgery to 94.74% and 91.77%, respectively 30 and 60 days after surgery.Conclusion: Reduction mammoplasty can improve women’s quality of life, according to the reports of the participants. There was no association between mammoplasty and improvement of the respiratory function.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine whether a low level of education is a risk factor for uncontrolled asthma in a population of patients who have access to pulmonologists and to treatment. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving outpatients > 10 years of age diagnosed with asthma who were followed by a pulmonologist for at least 3 months in the city of Jundiai, located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The patients completed a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, the 6-item Asthma Control Questionnaire (to assess the control of asthma symptoms), and a questionnaire designed to assess treatment adherence. Patients underwent spirometry, and patient inhaler technique was assessed. Results: 358 patients were enrolled in the study. Level of education was not considered a risk factor for uncontrolled asthma symptoms (OR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.94-1.05), spirometry findings consistent with obstructive lung disease (OR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.99-1.01), uncontrolled asthma (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.95-1.10), or the need for moderate/high doses of inhaled medication (OR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.94-1.06). The number of years of schooling was similar between the patients in whom treatment adherence was good and those in whom it was poor (p = 0.08), as well as between those who demonstrated proper inhaler technique and those who did not (p = 0.41). Conclusions: Among asthma patients with access to pulmonologists and to treatment, a low level of education does not appear to be a limiting factor for adequate asthma control.

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Obesity causes important changes in lung function, and some tests, such as spirometry and volumetric capnography (VCap), may help diagnose these complications. Objective was to describe the influence of weight loss on improvement of lung function. An individual with morbid obesity grade III, who participated in the multidisciplinary weight loss approach of the HC of Unicamp and was submitted to initial and final evaluations of anthropometric measures and pulmonary function, was evaluated. Spirometry, volumetric capnography and risk of developing sleep apnea were performed by the Berlin questionnaire. After weight loss of 90 kg, BMI of 28 kg / m², improvement in spirometric values was observed in the first and second moments in the variables of forced vital capacity (FVC), final expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), final expiratory flow. In volumetric capnography, there was an increase in alveolar minute volume [MValv (L)], minute volume of airway space [MVd aw (L)], peak expiratory flow and [PEF (L / min)]. risk for the development of obstructive sleep apnea has evolved from high to low risk. Conclusion: The multidisciplinary approach to weight loss is an important tool to assist the individual in the process of losing weight in an educational and healthy way. Weight loss occurs as a result of effort and learning and leads to health benefits such as improved lung function and mechanics and quality of sleep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common Central Nervous System diseases, with primarily motor repercussions. Studies seek strategy and intervention based in physical activity and motor rehabilitation, however, PD is also related to morbidity and mortality due to respiratory disorders. There are not many clinical trials on ventilatory limitations in this population, for direct of prevention and rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to understand the respiratory condition in people with PD, through search in the evaluation literature and/or intervention in ventilatory parameters. A literature review was carried out with studies available on Pubmed. We found 8 studies that match your search. Only 2 of the studies proposed intervention in ventilatory parameters as dependent variable. Normal ventilation depends on unrestricted airways or obstructions, adequate muscle function, and complete respiratory drive. There is evidence that the disease encompasses respiratory changes, with incoordination, atelectasis, hypoventilation, retention of pulmonary secretions, fatigue and respiratory muscle changes. The neurodegeneration and use of Levodopa alter the respiratory trigger drive and associated with postural alteration lead to several spirometry findings: restrictive, obstructive, mixed patterns and loss of muscle strength. Limitation in activities of daily living and physical activities also affects ventilatory parameters. In contrast, aerobic exercises are able to reduce sedentary lifestyle, morbidity and mortality. Adequate follow-up and training aimed at respiratory outcomes can lead to improvements in lung function and should be used, noting that there are detectable changes in ventilatory parameters in PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Ciência e Movimento: RBCM is the property of Revista Brasileira de Ciencia e Movimento and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Thoracic expandability can be affected by excess body fat. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume (FEV) in the first second before and after a respiratory exercise program for obese elderly patients. It is a quasi-experimental and longitudinal study, which used respiratory kinesiotherapy as a method of intervention in obese elderly people. Participants were assessed before and after the intervention using spirometry. There was no significant difference in the values of FVC (p = 0.39) and FEV1 (p = 0.53), both before and after intervention. Based on the results presented, it is concluded that 12 weeks of intervention of respiratory kinesiotherapy does not cause significant changes in lung capacity in obese elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ConScientiae Saúde is the property of Nove de Julho University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fisioterapia Brasil is the property of Atlantica Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fisioterapia Brasil is the property of Atlantica Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the influence of chronic heart failure (CHF) on resting lung volumes in patients with COPD, i.e., inspiratory fraction-inspiratory capacity (IC)/TLC-and relative inspiratory reserve-[1 − (end-inspiratory lung volume/TLC)]. Methods: This was a prospective study involving 56 patients with COPD-24 (23 males/1 female) with COPD+CHF and 32 (28 males/4 females) with COPD only-who, after careful clinical stabilization, underwent spirometry (with forced and slow maneuvers) and whole-body plethysmography. Results: Although FEV1, as well as the FEV1/FVC and FEV1/slow vital capacity ratios, were higher in the COPD+CHF group than in the COPD group, all major "static" volumes-RV, functional residual capacity (FRC), and TLC-were lower in the former group (p < 0.05). There was a greater reduction in FRC than in RV, resulting in the expiratory reserve volume being lower in the COPD+CHF group than in the COPD group. There were relatively proportional reductions in FRC and TLC in the two groups; therefore, IC was also comparable. Consequently, the inspiratory fraction was higher in the COPD+CHF group than in the COPD group (0.42 ± 0.10 vs. 0.36 ± 0.10; p < 0.05). Although the tidal volume/IC ratio was higher in the COPD+CHF group, the relative inspiratory reserve was remarkably similar between the two groups (0.35 ± 0.09 vs. 0.44 ± 0.14; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Despite the restrictive effects of CHF, patients with COPD+CHF have relatively higher inspiratory limits (a greater inspiratory fraction). However, those patients use only a part of those limits, probably in order to avoid critical reductions in inspiratory reserve and increases in elastic recoil.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify respiratory symptoms and evaluate lung function in mine workers. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study involving production sector workers of a pyrochlore mining company. The subjects completed the British Medical Research Council questionnaire, which is designed to evaluate respiratory symptoms, occupational exposure factors, and smoking status. In addition, they underwent pulmonary function tests with a portable spirometer. Results: The study involved 147 workers (all male). The mean age was 41.37 ± 8.71 years, and the mean duration of occupational exposure was 12.26 ± 7.09 years. We found that 33 (22.44%) of the workers had respiratory symptoms and that 26 (17.69%) showed abnormalities in the spirometry results. However, we found that the spirometry results did not correlate significantly with the presence of respiratory symptoms or with the duration of occupational exposure. Conclusions: The frequencies of respiratory symptoms and spirometric changes were low when compared with those reported in other studies involving occupational exposure to dust. No significant associations were observed between respiratory symptoms and spirometry results.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: The use of the rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) is recommended in ICUs, where it is used as a predictor of mechanical ventilation (MV) weaning success. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of the RSBI calculated by the traditional method (described in 1991) with that of the RSBI calculated directly from MV parameters. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study involving patients who had been on MV for more than 24 h and were candidates for weaning. The RSBI was obtained by the same examiner using the two different methods (employing a spirometer and the parameters from the ventilator display) at random. In comparing the values obtained with the two methods, we used the Mann-Whitney test, Pearson's linear correlation test, and Bland-Altman plots. The performance of the methods was compared by evaluation of the areas under the ROC curves. RESULTS: Of the 109 selected patients (60 males; mean age, 62 ± 20 years), 65 were successfully weaned, and 36 died. There were statistically significant differences between the two methods for respiratory rate, tidal volume, and RSBI (p < 0.001 for all). However, when the two methods were compared, the concordance and the intra-observer variation coefficient were 0.94 (0.92-0.96) and 11.16%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was similar for both methods (0.81 ± 0.04 vs. 0.82 ± 0.04; p = 0.935), which is relevant in the context of this study. CONCLUSIONS: The satisfactory performance of the RSBI as a predictor of weaning success, regardless of the method employed, demonstrates the utility of the method using the mechanical ventilator.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To examine differences in lung function among sports that are of a similar nature and to determine which anthropometric/demographic characteristics correlate with lung volumes and flows. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving elite male athletes (N = 150; mean age, 21 4 years) engaging in one of four different sports, classified according to the type and intensity of exercise involved. All athletes underwent full anthropometric assessment and pulmonary function testing (spirometry). RESULTS: Across all age groups and sport types, the elite athletes showed spirometric values that were significantly higher than the reference values. We found that the values for FVC, FEV1, vital capacity, and maximal voluntary ventilation were higher in water polo players than in players of the other sports evaluated (p < 0.001). In addition, PEF was significantly higher in basketball players than in handball players (p < 0.001). Most anthropometric/demographic parameters correlated significantly with the spirometric parameters evaluated. We found that BMI correlated positively with all of the spirometric parameters evaluated (p < 0.001), the strongest of those correlations being between BMI and maximal voluntary ventilation (r = 0.46; p < 0.001). Conversely, the percentage of body fat correlated negatively with all of the spirometric parameters evaluated, correlating most significantly with FEV1 (r = −0.386; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the type of sport played has a significant impact on the physiological adaptation of the respiratory system. That knowledge is particularly important when athletes present with respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and wheezing. Because sports medicine physicians use predicted (reference) values for spirometric parameters, the risk that the severity of restrictive disease or airway obstruction will be underestimated might be greater for athletes.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre estado nutricional, função pulmonar e morbidade em coorte de 36 meses de crianças e adolescentes com fibrose cística (FC). Métodos: Coorte prospectiva de 36 meses, com crianças e adolescentes com FC e idade entre 1 e 15 anos. No tempo inicial, o estado nutricional foi determinado a partir dos indicadores: peso-para-estatura e índice de massa corporal-para-idade, para crianças

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre os valores da fração exalada de óxido nítrico (FeNO) e do volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1) e o grau de controle da asma, segundo proposta do Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), em crianças e adolescentes asmáticos atendidos no Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz(IFF/FIOCRUZ). Métodos: Estudo transversal, com revisão de prontuários de 90 asmáticos entre 7 e17 anos de idade, acompanhados no Ambulatório de Asma do IFF/FIOCRUZ e encaminhados ao setor de Prova de Função Respiratória (PFR) entre março de 2013 e setembro de 2014. Após classificação segundo o GINA, os pacientes realizaram espirometria completa e medida da FeNO. Posteriormente, foram separados em dois grupos: em uso regular e não regular de corticosteroide inalatório (CI), independentemente do padrão ventilatório na espirometria. Resultados: Observou-se associação entre os valores de VEF1 e o grau de controle da asma segundo o GINA (p=0,001) em todos os pacientes analisados, independentemente do uso de CI, mas não houve associação entre os valores de VEF1 e os níveis da FeNO. Conclusões: A correlação observada entre o GINA e o VEF1 reforça a importância da espirometria no seguimento clínico desses pacientes. Embora não tenha sido detectada associação entre o valor da FeNO e o grau de controle da asma e o VEF1,a FeNO pode constituir um método precoce para detectar inflamação nas vias aéreas, antes mesmo dos sintomas e das alterações espirométricas.

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of supplementation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the performance of Mangalarga Marchador equines and to verify the effectiveness of the aerobic training protocol adopted. The study used 14 Mangalarga Marchador mares in a completely randomized split-plot design. The plots were made up of two treatments (groups Probiotic and Control) and the split plots comprised two maximal-effort physical tests applied both before and after the six weeks of training. The animals' spirometric parameters, heart rate, and plasma lactate levels were assessed. No difference was found between the Probiotic and Control groups in any of the parameters assessed. A difference was found in the physical tests for time-to-fatigue, aerobic and anaerobic thresholds, speed at which plasma lactate levels reached 2 and 4 mmol/L, speed at which the heart rate reached 200 bpm, and the lactate level at 30 min of the recovery period. Supplementation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae has no effect on physical conditioning of Mangalarga Marchador mares and the aerobic training protocol adopted increases the animals' aerobic and anaerobic capacity.