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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pixo: Revista de Arquitetura Cidade e Contemporaneidade is the property of Pixo Revista de Arquitetura Cidade e Contemporaneidade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This document is an article entitled "Portugal 2024, imagined since the 25th of April" written by Nuno Domingos and published in the magazine Etnográfica. The author proposes an ethnographic research on what life would be like in Portugal 50 years after the revolution of April 25th, 1974. He explores the imaginations and perspectives of people in different social positions and analyzes the institutional changes that have occurred since then. The article also compares the imaginations produced during the revolutionary period with the current situation in Portugal. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Trabalhos em Lingüística Aplicada is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Odeere is the property of Edicoes UESB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, I present the results of ethnographic research that analyzes the social effects on peasant communities (dedicated to working the land and fishing in the river) due to the delivery of compensation and the carrying out of works for the installation of the hydroelectric dam "El Quimbo", located in the inter-Andean valleys of the Upper Magdalena River basin, in Huila, Colombia. Those lands were flooded in 2015, and affected people received different treatments that changed their relationships with the land, the river and their communities. Thus, the theoretical contribution of the article lies in the dialogue between ecological economics and economic anthropology, hence I describe the effects of restricting to a value paid in cash or measured in productivity regarding the social value of the elements present in the territory (land, river, forest) and community relations. Methodologically, six standard-situations were constructed inductively based on interviews and conversations collected in fieldwork that covered various moments between 2010 and 2021. The six standard-situations evince the effects on the social positions of affected groups: some partially reproduced their relations with the land; some began a situation of new subordination; and others were expropriated from the reproduction of their previous social relations. I complemented the article with secondary sources based on a review of archives, newspapers, and public documents of the company and the social movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article we analyze the historical ideas of Bartolomé Mitre – soldier, historian, and president of Argentina from 1862 to 1868. We propose a reflection connecting these ideas to the political experiences that marked his trajectory in the second half of the nineteenth century, reflecting on his contact with the Empire of Brazil, particularly in the 1870s and 1880s. The connection with the Brazilian Historic and Geographic Institute (IHGB) and its social networks stand out as features which supported and consolidated Mitre’s historiographical activities in the Platine region. His national history project is thus intertwined with his political activities in defense of Unitarian liberals and the development of Argentine national unity, as well as his relations with the neighboring monarchy. Our sources are his historical works, correspondence, and the publication of the IHGB Journal which reports on his becoming a member of the Institute in 1871. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Direito e Práxis is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Starting from an extensive literature review, I examine the democratizing effects of two forms of public participation in science and technology (s&t): mini-publics (institutionalized participation) and activism. The analysis incorporates dimensions proposed in various typologies of public participation, introducing a distinction between production and consumption of s&t. I examine the position of social actors in participation in s&t matters and distinguish the democratizing effects caused. I argue that the fragility of institutionalized public participation as a democratizing instrument is related to the distancing from the power relations that cross the development of s&t, while activism achieves some democratic advances by constituting itself in the confrontation of these power relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, through the evidentiary paradigm, aims to analyze from different perspectives the Sailor Apprentices Schools in Santa Catarina (EAMSC). It presents and discusses classist and racist elements of the state of Santa Catarina, since its genesis, as a province, in the 19th century. In this context, forms of schooling and professionalization not yet universalized were often offered to poor and black populations through violence and oppression, materializing hierarchical positions and social inequalities. The EAMSC were situated at the confluence of objectives such as obtaining subaltern labor for the Imperial Navy and sanitizing public spaces, ridding the modernizing cities, especially the port cities, with greater social complexity, of the minors who roamed there. On the other hand, they also represented the hope of being educated, fed, paid work and conquered citizenship in the midst of the rigidity and threats in which they operated, for many families and boys who voluntarily entered them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Trans/Form/Ação is the property of Trans/Form/Acao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objective of this research is to identify and analyze, in the content productions found in youtubers and deaf influencers channels, working on Youtube and Instagram, the relevance and influence of social media in the process of constitution of the deaf's subjectivity and identity. The method used was exploratory research, through the survey of audiovisual material and mapping of the content that is present in the productions of influential deaf people in the media. The results found indicate two outstanding contents: travels and poetry, which suggest the interest of the deaf community in everyday matters, but also of a cultural and political nature. The analyzes were based on deaf authors who discuss the concepts of language, culture, community and identity. As a result, it is noted that the use of Libras in productions is essential to ensure accessibility to different content, but also to mark and ensure a social and cultural position, based on cultural artifacts inherent to Libras. To this end, social networks have shown themselves to be allies in disseminating this content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore possible connections between Glauber Rocha and Ailton Krenak, this essay investigates the echoes and relationships between these two figures who are different in their attributions, social positions, and political-aesthetic ambitions, but who share a commitment to urgent issues in the public debate of their respective historical times. Thus, we propose a transversal dialogue between the two thinkers in the oneiric dimension (the institution of the dream), which will perhaps best traverse their affinities and differences. Although an association between Glauber Rocha and the Amerindians or between Ailton Krenak and the Cinema Novo may seem unusual, this essay highlights the untimely affinity of the institution of the dream in the resonances and dissidences between Glauber Rocha's manifestos "Eztetyka da Fome" (1965) and "Eztetyka do sonho" (1971) and Ailton Krenak's books, Ideas to Postpone the End of the World (2020) and Life is Not Useful (2021). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Pós Ciências Sociais (REPOCS) is the property of Revista Pos Ciencias Sociais (REPOCS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Economía, Sociedad y Territorio is the property of El Colegio Mexiquense and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This bibliographic essay seeks to explore the experiences of transgender and/or gender non-conforming (tgnc) people on the use of psychotherapy services. We begin by reviewing the state of the art of existing guidelines for psychotherapeutic intervention with this population. Followed by a bibliographic review aimed at accessing narratives of tgnc people about their psychotherapeutic processes, selecting four articles that explore a total of 70 narratives of tgnc people. We present an integrative exploration of the main findings of these researches. Finally, from a critical social constructionist positioning, some considerations for a critical psychotherapeutic practice with tgnc people are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to analyze how undergraduates perceive their self-image and its relationship with their eating behavior, seeking to identify risky eating behaviors for the development of eating disorders, in addition to knowing the factors that are related to the selfimage of undergraduates. This is a field research, of the descriptive type and with a qualitative approach. The survey was conducted with 83 university students from the general population, aged between 18 and 59 years. The results were analyzed with the support of a selfadministered digital form, through the Google Forms platform. The participants had access to the research through a link sent directly to the WhatsApp groups of different courses from different faculties in Piauí. Data were analyzed using Bardin's content analysis. The findings showed that body dissatisfaction tends to be more and more recurrent and constant in university students, that is, the individual wants his body to be different from the way he perceives it. Among the influencing factors on the eating behavior of young adults, the use of social media stands out and its consequent influence on the causes related to poor diet. Most undergraduates answered that they did not have healthy habits and justified their answer by the lack of time to consume healthier snacks, which could be prepared at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ensino em Artes, Moda e Design is the property of Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There are numerous challenges found in education, especially regarding Youth and Adult Education (YAE), where low school performance and high dropout rates are found. In this context, a great challenge for the teaching staff is to build practices that provide students with greater involvement with the discipline and a more critical view of the world. The purpose of this work is in line with Paulo Freire's pedagogy, which is constituted in the generating themes as a method of disalienation and learning to education, together with the proposal of Augusto Boal, which is based on the Theatre of the Oppressed as a scenic pedagogical method. In common, both proposals present an ethical-political position of social transformation, through education and culture. The aim of this work was to develop and evaluate a proposal through Augusto Boal's Theater-Forum, in the context of YAE, seeking to verify the relationship in the definition of Paulo Freire's generating theme. The results showed that working the Theater-Forum through dialogicity gave the student the opportunity to contribute to the dialogue, thus establishing his/her autonomy and criticality, in addition to being an efficient method for the search and definition of the generating theme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The positioning of the social sciences guided by a logical positivist ideal is the motto of the approach and is built in a contemporary look, where the relations, event, bonds and conformations, are the product of a progressive dynamic that is done in a versatile way and far from a framed look fostered by predictability. Even though all this construction is supplemented by actions that seek to analyze all this mobilization, reality is reverberating and goes beyond premeditated standardization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the issue of negotiations of meaning in the short story "Famigerado", by Guimarães Rosa. This short story allows the complex framing of an enunciative scene whose interpretive gestures indicate social dynamics of interactional processes in which the dichotomy between oral culture and written culture is relativized. The aim is to demonstrate that, underlying the interpretive tensions experienced in the negotiation of meanings, it is possible to observe socioeconomic and cultural differences between the characters, which are intertwined with their positionings in social literacy practices, with direct influence both on the origin and the outcome of the narrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Educação is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Lusofona de Educacao is the property of Universidade Lusofona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, CEIEF and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The reflections on the culture of the people have been consolidated, in western developing countries, a reference to a motivation, by determination, from the capitalist model. Relevant to this reflective analysis is the critical positioning of social exercises: on the one hand, Arturo Escobar with his post-developmentalist critical theory, reinforcing indicators of identity, of and integration, consolidating his anti-colonialism struggle; on the other hand, there is the social approach of Boaventura de Sousa Santos, extolling multiculturalism and the essence of an emancipatory community development. In this one, a comparison points to the critical aspects of the two reality, the idea of economic growth and the environments they represent in the different cultural and local realities. For that, the research was developed from the hypothetical-deductive method, associated with a study of essentially bibliographic reference base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with ethnic-racial quotas, based on a black critique of hermeneutics that understands structural and institutional racism, as well as the relationships of inequalities in cultural and social status in the dialogue with the Judiciary. In this process, the hermeneutic phenomenology is used, starting from a literature review, as well as the study of the concept of legal-democratic revolution. In this process, an interpretation of the votes in the Action for Non-Compliance with the Fundamental Precept 186 is proposed in order to understand the conflicts over the recent implementation of the racial hetero-identification Commission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cultura Latinoamericana is the property of Universidad Catolica de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanitas: Revista de Estudos Greco-Latinas is the property of Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Anagramas is the property of Editorial Universidad de Medellin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ERAS: European Review of Artistic Studies is the property of European Review of Artistic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Opinião Jurídica is the property of Revista Opiniao Juridica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Avances en Enfermería is the property of Editorial Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Black women and men daily live violent experiences due to racism that directly impacts their lives. However, black women are exposed to specific conditions of this form of violence. In this sense, this article discusses how the black woman's body is perceived in the social bond as well as the stigmatized positions in which they are seen and the suffering resulting from them. For this, clinical-qualitative research was carried out, in which data collection took place from semi-structured interviews with nine women in a basic health unit in a city in North of Paraná. Data analysis took place through the thematic content analysis technique, using the theoretical framework of psychoanalysis for considerations. Thus, the categories of analysis were: The superpower position: strength and constant struggle; About being strange and familiar; Between slave labor and no place at work; and Questions about femininity, sexuality, and the body. Through the women's narratives, it is possible to perceive how the positions fixed in the social bond about the black woman's body impact their stories and how this suffering is often not accessed through words, leaving them unable to signify the pain caused. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal in this article is to investigate the association between social class and consumption. Based on the theoretical approach aiming to connect practice, dispositions and classes, consumption is seen as a privileged empirical instance to observe class-based social divisions. Are there homologies between the structure of family expenditures and social positions? Patterns of consumption are likely to differentiate social classes and their fractions in terms of the principles of differentiation operating in social space. Data used are derived from Household Budget Survey (2017-2018). Besides comparing relative mean expenditures on different items by social classes, descriptive exploratory techniques named Geometric Data Analysis will be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work discusses about literary criticism in Rachel de Queiroz’s novel The Fifteen published in the 1930, focusing on the drought of 1915. The literary work stands out as to the social aspect that originated it, the drought. The novel highlights the following situation: the drought and the consequences caused both for the Cowboy Chico Bento and his family as for Vicente and Conceição, a cultured girl from the capital. The narrative is a reference milestone in the authoress’s literary life, since she was the first woman to occupy a chair at the Brazilian Academy of Letters, with this, the objective of this article is to analyze some points of criticism related to the work, presenting the relevance of this and the authoress in brazilian literature. This study uses, as approach, qualitative research; as to technique, bibliographic. To support this research, we examine the theorists: Monteiro (1977), Filho (1977), Moisés (1975), Candido (2006), among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Educação is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Index.Comunicación is the property of Index.comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Roteiro is the property of Roteiro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Extensão em Foco is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Práxis Educativa is the property of Revista Praxis Educativa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article argues that material deprivation is a kind of coercive social situation. It evaluates some theories of justice for whom poverty would not count as a coercive interference on agency in contexts of free market interactions. It is showed that poverty is to be conceived as a subordinate social position and therefore a flagrant form of social injustice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudos Ibero-Americanos is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Estudos Feministas is the property of Revista Estudos Feministas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pensares em Revista is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

If a few decades ago there was a widespread idea that education, particularly higher education, played a fundamental role in the economic and social development of a country, today, scientific research has proven that this idea was right: the development of a country is dependent on the development of education. As a result of this perspective, the financial effort of most countries to expand their education was notorious, in particular higher education, which, in itself, is an indispensable factor for development. Several studies have shown this strong relationship between education, higher education and development or, at the very least, economic growth, which came to forge the "theory of human capital" that views education as an activity with, in fact, quite high costs, but whose profitability, both in individual and family terms, as a result of higher levels of qualification providing better wages and social status, or at the community level, due to the competitive advantages that a more qualified population provides to a territory, as well as the non-measurable positive externalities that it entails, justifies and requires that investment. This article presents the path of the expansion of higher education in Portugal, through the regional distribution of the network of higher education establishments and the perceived impact of investment in higher education, seeking to identify, over the last decades, the regional distribution of higher education institutions (HEIs) as well as the regional distribution of students and graduates, to which the available information (number of HEIs, students, graduates, budget) is added by district (administrative division of the country) and by geographic region (coast, interior and autonomous regions) while questioning the effects of public HEI funding policies on the growth of institutions. The article ends with some reflections on the process of expansion/distribution of higher education, particularly on the regional distribution of this level of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the reasons for the change of emphasis in Brazilian pedagogical proposals in two historical moments: between the 1920s and 1930s and between the 1990s and 2010. With this aim in mind, sources such as the 1st National Conference on Education (1927), the Pioneers Manifesto (1932) and, for the contemporary period, national laws and decrees (1996-2018) are analyzed. In the first context, it was possible to verify that the debate between biological and sociological knowledge in search of legitimacy finds its main stage of dispute in the area of education. In the past, intellectuals influenced by eugenics turned to biology as a way to modernize the country through eugenic education and the exclusion of "unwanted" individuals. In recent decades, there has been a return of this type of discourse with a biological basis, but now the biosocial exclusion of subjects no longer appeals to the nation's ideology, but to the neoliberal sacralization of "meritocracy". From the comparison between the two contexts, it can be concluded that the change of emphasis in the pedagogical proposals that once stood out for the social, now aims at the individualizing training of the flexible and self-responsible "neo-subject". School success and failure are seen as dependent only on the individual's ability to manage her or his own life and not as a result of structural problems in society, which has led to an increasing process of social disaffiliation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Scale reduction aims the reduction of the number of the items maintaining its psychometric properties. The goal of this study was to reduce the Brazilian version of Rook and Fisher's impulsive buying scale. Method: Participants were 1173 Brazilians, in which 868 were women and 305 were men with mean of age of 24.8 years old and a standard deviation of 12.7. All participants were recruited via social media or e-mail. The research was split in three. Results: In the first study, the unifactorial structure was supported, once the parallel analysis suggested the retention of one factor, and the fit indexes were superior to .95. Four items were selected to form the reduced version. The second study analyzed the internal structure and the factorial loadings of the reduced scale through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The results from the exploratory factor analysis were similar to those of study 1 and the confirmatory factor analysis also showed fit indexes above .90. In the third study, correlation analysis were run to verify the disparities between the reduced and the original scale. Predictive validity evidence was gathered with the materialism, consumption by status, and propension to indebtedness. Still, a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis verified the instrument invariance between men and women. Conclusion: It is concluded that the reduced impulsive buying scale, 4-CI, is considered adequate to the measurement of this construct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]