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O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a aplicabilidade de Veículos Aéreos Não Tripulados (VANT) para determinação do volume de pilhas de resíduos de vidros em comparação ao levantamento convencional realizado por meio de receptores Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) com tecnologia Real Time Kinematic (RTK). Tal delineamento se deu a fim de verificar a precisão e confiabilidade dos resultados obtidos com as duas modalidades propostas. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma fábrica de vidros localizada no município de Goiana-PE. Inicialmente foi realizado um levantamento topográfico com a tecnologia VANT mediante um plano de voo pré estabelecido para a determinação da pilha de resíduos de vidros. Ao término do voo automatizado, os dados obtidos foram processados resultando no Modelo Digital de Terreno – MDT. Em seguida foi realizado o levantamento topográfico convencional com os receptores do Sistema de Navegação Global por Satélites – GNSS com o método de Posicionamento Cinemático em Tempo Real – RTK (Real Time Kinematic), os dados foram processados, resultando em um plano cotado georreferenciado. Para verificação da precisão, tomou-se por referência os dados obtidos com a tecnologia GNSS por meio do seu Plano Cotado Georreferenciado e os dados obtidos pela tecnologia VANT por meio do seu Modelo Digital do Terreno (MDT). Conclui-se que os resultados alcançados pela tecnologia de medição por VANT foram satisfatórios para a determinação de volume em pilhas de resíduos de vidros. The present study aimed to verify the applicability of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for determining the volume of glass waste stacks in comparison to the conventional survey carried out using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers with Real Time Kinematic technology (RTK). Such design was made in order to verify the precision and reliability of the results obtained with the two proposed modalities. The research was carried out in a glass factory located in the city of Goiana-PE. Initially, a topographic survey was carried out with the UAV technology using a pre-established flight plan to determine the pile of glass residues. At the end of the automated flight, the data obtained were processed resulting in the Digital Terrain Model - DTM. Then the conventional topographic survey was carried out with the receivers of the Global Navigation Satellite System - GNSS with the Real Time Kinematic Positioning method - RTK (Real Time Kinematic), the data were processed, resulting in a georeferenced quoted plane. To check the accuracy, the data obtained with the GNSS technology by means of its Georeferenced Plan and the data obtained by the UAV technology by means of its Digital Terrain Model (DTM) were used as reference. It is concluded that the results achieved by the UAV measurement technology were satisfactory for the determination of volume in piles of waste glass.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:29:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-01 Real-time positioning using satellite signals was an advance for air, sea and land navigation with the arise of GPS (Global Positioning System). However, the achievable horizontal and vertical accuracy of 100 m and 150 m (95% probability level), when SA (Selective Availability) technique was activated, became unsatisfactory for many applications and users required other accuracy levels. Efforts were dedicated to the so-called differential positioning, DGPS (Differential GPS), which made it possible to achieve precision about ten times better than that usually obtained throughout absolute positioning. Later, using carrier-phase measurements, it was possible to perform positioning with greater accuracy through the RTK (Real Time Kinematic) method, reaching centimeter quality. Subsequently, there was an evolution towards network-based positioning, using, for example, the VRS (Virtual Reference Station) algorithm. Several errors affecting satellite observables started to be modeled in real time with multi-station solutions. As of 2012, services and products were developed in order to accomplish RT-PPP (Real-Time Precise Point Positioning), a method based on the SSR (State Space Representation) concept. Further, the ambiguity fixing in RT-PPP became possible, and this approach is usually referred as PPP-RTK, which provides a faster convergence to an accurate positioning solution. This article presents the evolution real time positioning, some applications at the national context, as well as the future perspectives. Universidade Federal do Paraná Departamento de Geomática Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Departamento de Engenharia Cartográfica Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Cartografia Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Cartografia

Este trabalho, intitulado “Novo método de pontaria das bocas de fogo com recurso a tecnologia Global Navigation Satellite System”, tem como principal objetivo desenvolver um método de pontarias das bocas de fogo recorrendo à tecnologia em questão. O sistema baseia-se no tradicional método da “dupla baliza”, apontando as bocas de fogo através de um recetor TOPCON. Para tal, o estudo obedece a uma metodologia de investigação quantitativa, onde se toma como ponto de partida a bibliografia portuguesa e americana, passando pela formulação, operacionalização e testagem do novo método utilizando o recetor TOPCON, até à recolha de dados junto dos comandantes de bateria de bocas de fogo, com vista à implementação do método nas unidades de Artilharia de Campanha do Exército Português. Conclui-se que a aplicação do recetor TOPCON na execução do processo de pontarias, através da definição do rumo de uma referência, se apresenta como um método preciso, rápido e versátil. Confere maior precisão na pontaria das bocas de fogo, bem como no cálculo do tiro de Artilharia de Campanha.

Submitted by Francisca Edcarla de Araujo Nicolau (carla_nicolau18@yahoo.com.br) on 2020-04-18T17:08:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_VERSÃO_FINAL.pdf: 3235285 bytes, checksum: a864aed14fcea78ac190b2aa08e2636c (MD5) Submitted by Francisca Edcarla de Araujo Nicolau (carla_nicolau18@yahoo.com.br) on 2020-04-18T17:08:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_VERSÃO_FINAL.pdf: 3235285 bytes, checksum: a864aed14fcea78ac190b2aa08e2636c (MD5) Submitted by Francisca Edcarla de Araujo Nicolau (carla_nicolau18@yahoo.com.br) on 2020-04-18T17:08:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_VERSÃO_FINAL.pdf: 3235285 bytes, checksum: a864aed14fcea78ac190b2aa08e2636c (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Laudicélia Martins Arantes (lm.arantes@unesp.br) on 2020-04-21T21:11:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nicolau_fea_dr_jabo.pdf: 3235285 bytes, checksum: a864aed14fcea78ac190b2aa08e2636c (MD5) Submitted by Francisca Edcarla de Araujo Nicolau (carla_nicolau18@yahoo.com.br) on 2020-04-18T17:08:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_VERSÃO_FINAL.pdf: 3235285 bytes, checksum: a864aed14fcea78ac190b2aa08e2636c (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Laudicélia Martins Arantes (lm.arantes@unesp.br) on 2020-04-21T21:11:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nicolau_fea_dr_jabo.pdf: 3235285 bytes, checksum: a864aed14fcea78ac190b2aa08e2636c (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Laudicélia Martins Arantes (lm.arantes@unesp.br) on 2020-04-21T21:11:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nicolau_fea_dr_jabo.pdf: 3235285 bytes, checksum: a864aed14fcea78ac190b2aa08e2636c (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Laudicélia Martins Arantes (lm.arantes@unesp.br) on 2020-04-21T21:11:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nicolau_fea_dr_jabo.pdf: 3235285 bytes, checksum: a864aed14fcea78ac190b2aa08e2636c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-21T21:11:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nicolau_fea_dr_jabo.pdf: 3235285 bytes, checksum: a864aed14fcea78ac190b2aa08e2636c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Submitted by Francisca Edcarla de Araujo Nicolau (carla_nicolau18@yahoo.com.br) on 2020-04-18T17:08:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_VERSÃO_FINAL.pdf: 3235285 bytes, checksum: a864aed14fcea78ac190b2aa08e2636c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-21T21:11:40Z (GMT). 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No. of bitstreams: 1 nicolau_fea_dr_jabo.pdf: 3235285 bytes, checksum: a864aed14fcea78ac190b2aa08e2636c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-21T21:11:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nicolau_fea_dr_jabo.pdf: 3235285 bytes, checksum: a864aed14fcea78ac190b2aa08e2636c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Approved for entry into archive by Laudicélia Martins Arantes (lm.arantes@unesp.br) on 2020-04-21T21:11:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nicolau_fea_dr_jabo.pdf: 3235285 bytes, checksum: a864aed14fcea78ac190b2aa08e2636c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-21T21:11:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nicolau_fea_dr_jabo.pdf: 3235285 bytes, checksum: a864aed14fcea78ac190b2aa08e2636c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-21T21:11:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nicolau_fea_dr_jabo.pdf: 3235285 bytes, checksum: a864aed14fcea78ac190b2aa08e2636c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Approved for entry into archive by Laudicélia Martins Arantes (lm.arantes@unesp.br) on 2020-04-21T21:11:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nicolau_fea_dr_jabo.pdf: 3235285 bytes, checksum: a864aed14fcea78ac190b2aa08e2636c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-21T21:11:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nicolau_fea_dr_jabo.pdf: 3235285 bytes, checksum: a864aed14fcea78ac190b2aa08e2636c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-21T21:11:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nicolau_fea_dr_jabo.pdf: 3235285 bytes, checksum: a864aed14fcea78ac190b2aa08e2636c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-28 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) As propriedades que atuam no deslizamento lateral de um equipamento de arrasto em áreas agrícolas, variam amplamente, indo desde as relacionadas ao solo até aos parâmetros envolvidos no sistema trator-equipamento que podem afetar o deslocamento lateral. O objetivo com o estudo foi mensurar o erro de paralelismo do conjunto trator-protótipo em função de diferentes raios de curvatura, larguras de bitola e comprimentos do cabeçalho de um protótipo de arrasto, além de avaliar a variabilidade do processo por meio do Controle Estatístico do Processo. Os testes foram realizados em área experimental da Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Câmpus de Jaboticabal. Foi adaptado o chassi de uma semeadora-adubadora, que possibilitasse mudança no comprimento do cabeçalho e variação na largura da bitola do equipamento, o qual denominamos protótipo de arrasto. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5x4x15, com cinco comprimentos do cabeçalho e quatro larguras de bitola do protótipo em quinze raios de curvatura médio. A medição do paralelismo entre as passadas do conjunto trator-protótipo foi obtida por meio de um instrumento desenvolvido que denominamos “pirulito” e com o auxílio de uma trena. Nos raios de 16,4 m e de 20 m os erros de paralelismo são maiores, em todas as bitolas e vão diminuindo à medida que se aumenta a circunferência do raio. O comprimento do cabeçalho de 2,40 m, quando comparado com os demais obteve menor erro de paralelismo nos três primeiros raios. Nos dois primeiros raios quase todos os erros de paralelismo ficaram fora dos limites específicos de controle para todas as larguras de bitola e comprimentos do cabeçalho. A menor bitola do protótipo, e o menor cabeçalho proporcionaram menores erros de paralelismo entre as passadas do conjunto trator-protótipo. Nos trajetos com maiores raios de curvatura e menores comprimentos do cabeçalho, associados com a menor bitola do protótipo, proporcionam melhor qualidade nos processos mecanizados, sem causar sobreposição ou falha. The properties that act on the lateral sliding of a trailed equipment in agricultural areas, change widely, ranging from those related to the soil to the parameters involved in the tractor-equipment system that can affect lateral displacement. The objective of the study was to measure the parallelism error of the tractor-prototype set as a function of different curvature radius, the widths of the gauge and the lengths of the header of a drag prototype, in addition, the evaluating process of the variability through the Statistical Process Control. The tests were carried out in an experimental area at the São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Campus of Jaboticabal. The chassis of a seeder-fertilizer was adopted, so that it would allow a change in the length of the header and a variation in the width of the gauge of the equipment, which we call the trailed prototype. The experimental design was entirely randomized, in a 5x4x15 factorial scheme, with five header lengths and four widths of gauge of the prototype in fifteen average curvature radius. The measurement of the parallelism between the steps of the tractor-prototype set was obtained by using an instrument that we call “lollipop” and with the help of a measuring tape. In the 16.4 m and 20 m radius the parallelism errors were greater than the other gauges, and it decreased as the radius circumference increased. The header length of 2.40 m, when compared to the others, obtained the smallest error of parallelism in the first three radius. In the first two radius almost all parallelism errors were outside the specific limit control for all widths of the gauge and the lengths of the header. The smallest gauge of the prototype, and the smallest header that provided smallest errors of parallelism between the steps of the tractor-prototype set. On paths with greater radius of curvature and shorter lengths of the header, associated with the smaller gauge of prototype, provide better quality in mechanized processes, without causing overlap neither failure. CAPES 001

O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - C?digo de Financiamento 001. Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2021-03-05T14:01:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) luiza_marina_esteves_carvalho.pdf: 1355707 bytes, checksum: 0c8fdc75f69488965b49acbf98f2faea (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2021-03-05T14:11:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) luiza_marina_esteves_carvalho.pdf: 1355707 bytes, checksum: 0c8fdc75f69488965b49acbf98f2faea (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-03-05T14:11:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) luiza_marina_esteves_carvalho.pdf: 1355707 bytes, checksum: 0c8fdc75f69488965b49acbf98f2faea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Um desafio presente nas empresas produtoras de carv?o vegetal ? a quantifica??o e controle do volume de carv?o em p?tio nas unidade de produ??o. No processo mecanizado, a produ??o do carv?o vegetal ? feita em forno retangular de alvenaria, que ap?s a pir?lise ? aberto e descarregado. As pilhas de carv?o permanecem estocadas no p?tio resfriando at? o momento em que ser?o carregadas e transportadas para as sider?rgicas. O objetivo desse trabalho ? propor uma metodologia para mensura??o do volume de pilhas de carv?o, a partir da estereoscopia digital utilizando aerofotogrametria e aeronave remotamente pilotada em alternativa ao tradicional estimativa baseada em levantamento GNSS/RTK (tradicional). No mesmo dia foi realizado levantamento com GNSS/RTK e coleta de imagens a?reas com uma Aeronave Remotamente Pilotada (RPA). Foram considerados duas parametriza??es no processamento estereosc?pico com pontos de controle: acur?cia muito baixa no alinhamento das imagens, qualidade muito baixa na cria??o da nuvem densa, qualidade e contagem das faces muito baixa na cria??o da malha tridimensional (M1); e acur?cia alta no alinhamento das imagens, qualidade alta na cria??o da nuvem densa, qualidade e contagem das faces alta na cria??o da malha tridimensional (M2). A partir do ortomosaico foram estimadas o volume das pilhas. Os m?todos de estimativa foram comparados pelo teste de hip?tese F-Graybill. O RTK e M1 foram estatisticamente iguais, apresentando uma diferen?a de 6,54%; e os valores de RTK e M2 foram estatisticamente diferentes, apresentando uma diferen?a de 7,89%. O processamento M1 resultou em valores similares processamento tradicional baseado em RTK; ganhos na estimativa volum?trica podem ser auferidos com o processamento M2, por?m com maior tempo de processamento. Conclui-se que o processamento RTK pode ser substitu?do sem perda de informa??o pelo m?todo de estimativa baseado em RPA. Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2020. A current challenge in the charcoal producers is the quantification and control of the charcoal volume stored in the production units. When mechanized, the charcoal is produced in rectangular masonry ovens, which after the pyrolysis process, is opened and unloaded. The coal piles remain stored in the yard cooling until ready to be transported to the steel mills. The objective of this work is to propose a methodology for measuring the volume of coal piles, based on digital stereoscopy and remote piloted aircraft as an alternative to the traditional estimation based on GNSS/RTK survey. On the same day the survey with GNSS / RTK and image collection using a Remote Piloted Aircraft (RPA) were carried out. The data was processed considering two set of parameters: very low accuracy in the alignment of the images, very low quality in the creation of the dense cloud, very low quality and face count in the creation of the three-dimensional mesh (M1); and high accuracy in the alignment of the images, high quality in the creation of the dense cloud, high quality and count of the faces in the creation of the three-dimensional mesh (M2). In both processes, seven control points were used. From orthomosaic the piles volume were determined. The methods were compared using the F-Graybill hypothesis test. The RTK and M1 were statistically equal, with a difference of 6.54%; and the RTK and M2 are statistically different, with a difference of 7.89%. The M1 processing resulted in similar volumes if compared to the traditional RTK processing; improvements in the volume estimation is observed using M2 processing, however with a trade-off related to time consuming. As a conclusion, RTK could be replaced without compromising information by estimation based on RPA.

Tese de mestrado, Engenharia Geográfica, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2015 Submitted by Teresa Boa (tdboa@fc.ul.pt) on 2015-12-07T14:41:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ulfc115880_tm_Jorge_Santos.pdf: 4495725 bytes, checksum: fd3d52cf4ac053b8a33448b8264d3f8a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-07T14:41:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ulfc115880_tm_Jorge_Santos.pdf: 4495725 bytes, checksum: fd3d52cf4ac053b8a33448b8264d3f8a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), in the last few years, has been supporting the development of mobile telephony and the expansion of electronic equipments (GNSS receivers) to promote a revolution in geodetic surveys in real time. In this context, it becomes important the technique of positioning Real Time Kinematic (RTK) with the use of differential corrections transmitted by the protocol named Networked Transport of RTCM via the Internet Protocol (NTRIP), from a reference station via Internet. It is aimed, in this research, the evaluation of the precision of this technique for different lengths of baseline, and also the use of different numbers of trace periods. Then, three-dimensional coordinates of 10 stations (DEM) were used, they were also located in three municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul, which were traced by the static post-processed (static PP) method, which helped as being a reference in comparison with technique RTK / NTRIP, that used the correlations of the Brazilian Network for Continuous Monitoring of the GNSS Systems in real time - (RBMC-IP). The results showed that there was resolution of the ambiguities in nine seasons at baseline greater than 54 km, and that the precision values showed no difference greater than 0.041 m in the horizontal component and 0.083 m in the vertical component. In addition, between the numbers of the tested periods (5,10,30, 60 and 120 periods) for the method RTK / NTRIP, the tested period that had the best average precision of the horizontal component was the 120 one (0.01 m), and for the vertical component was considered the five periods number as the most appropriated (0.02 m). Hence, it was proved the reliability of the technique RTK / NTRIP (RBMC-IP) in baselines of until 54 km, showing that it can be used for topographical surveys in areas with wireless Internet or cellular services such as GPRS, GSM and 3G. O Sistema Global de Navegação por Satélite (GNSS) nos últimos anos vem se apoiando no desenvolvimento da telefonia móvel e no avanço da eletrônica dos equipamentos (receptores GNSS) para promover uma revolução nos levantamentos geodésicos em tempo real. Neste contexto, se destaca a técnica de posicionamento Real Time Kinematic (RTK) usando correções diferenciais transmitidas pelo protocolo Networked Transport of RTCM via internet Protocol (NTRIP), a partir de uma estação de referência via internet. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a precisão desta técnica para diferentes comprimentos de linha de base e com o uso de diferentes números de épocas de rastreio. Para isso, foram utilizadas as coordenadas tridimensionais de 10 estações (marcos), localizadas em três municípios do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, rastreadas pelo método relativo estático pós-processado (estático PP), o qual serviu de referência na comparação com a técnica RTK / NTRIP, que utilizou de correções da Rede Brasileira de Monitoramento contínuo dos Sistemas GNSS em tempo real (RBMC-IP). Os resultados mostraram que houve resolução das ambiguidades em nove estações numa linha de base superior a 54 km e que os valores de acurácia não apresentaram diferença superior a 0,041 m na componente horizontal e 0,083 m na componente vertical. Além disso, entre os números de épocas testados (5, 10, 30, 60 e 120 épocas) para o método RTK / NTRIP, aquele que apresentou a melhor média de acurácia horizontal foi o de 120 épocas (0,01 m) e para a componente vertical o melhor resultado foi alcançado com o número de 5 épocas rastreadas (0,02 m). Deste modo, foi comprovada a confiabilidade da técnica RTK / NTRIP (RBMC-IP) em linhas de base de até 54 km, podendo ser utilizada para levantamentos topográficos em locais providos por Internet wireless ou serviços de telefonia celular tais como, GPRS, GSM e 3G.

Os avanços tecnológicos nos métodos de posicionamento têm possibilitado o desenvolvimento de metodologias que viabilizam a sua utilização pelo usuário numa diversidade de aplicações. Um dos métodos de posicionamento GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) de grande destaque é o RTK (Real Time Kinematic), cujo conceito tem como princípio básico a alta correlação dos erros provocados pela ionosfera, troposfera e órbita dos satélites na estação de referência e em uma estação próxima de interesse, além da existência de um link de rádio ou de outro sistema de comunicação que permita a transmissão dos dados coletados na base ao usuário. Porém quando as distâncias vão aumentando, a correlação é perdida. Esse fato motivou o desenvolvimento do conceito de rede de estações de referência (RTK em Rede), visando superar esta deficiência. O RTK em Rede utiliza a infra-estrutura de uma rede de estações de referência para disponibilizar correções ao usuário. Tanto o conceito de RTK como o de RTK em rede permitem introduzir o conceito de integridade, muito utilizado em navegação, no contexto da Geodésia. Nesse artigo é apresentada a teoria sobre integridade e sua utilização no RTK e RTK em rede no contexto da rede GNSS do Estado de São Paulo. Nos resultados obtidos observou-se que a garantia da integridade indicada por HPL < AL, VPL < AL e AC < AL, representados pelo nível de proteção horizontal (HPL) e nível de proteção vertical (VPL) em relação ao limite de alarme (AL) e a acurácia (AC), na média foram de 68,3% e 63,9% para a componente horizontal e vertical, respectivamente. Discussões sobre esses resultados são apresentadas. Technological advances in positioning methods have enabled the development of methodologies that allow its use in a great variety of applications. One method of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) positioning of high performance is the RTK (Real Time Kinematic) whose basic principle takes advantage of the high correlation of the errors caused by ionosphere, troposphere and satellite orbit in a reference station and a nearby station of interest, besides requiring a radio link or other communication system to transmit the data from the base to the user. But as the distances increase, the correlation decreases and the performance is reduced. To reduce this problem, the concept of network stations (RTK Network) was developed. Such approach uses the infrastructure of a network of reference stations to provide corrections to the network users. The RTK and RTK network allows introducing the concept of integrity, widely used in navigation, in the context of Geodesy. In this article, we present the concept of integrity and its use for evaluating the integrity on RTK and RTK network in the context of São Paulo State GNSS network. Results showed that to guarantee the integrity displayed by HPL

Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-27T14:53:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000268706400002.pdf: 181196 bytes, checksum: 27ec7cbdcbafbd6c347de1e1a42bbefe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:08:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000268706400002.pdf: 181196 bytes, checksum: 27ec7cbdcbafbd6c347de1e1a42bbefe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:22:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000268706400002.pdf: 181196 bytes, checksum: 27ec7cbdcbafbd6c347de1e1a42bbefe (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:22:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000268706400002.pdf: 181196 bytes, checksum: 27ec7cbdcbafbd6c347de1e1a42bbefe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-01 To prevent large errors in the GPS positioning, cycle slips should be detected and corrected. Such procedure is not trivial, mainly for single frequency receivers, but normally it is not noticed by the users. Thus, it will be discussed some practical and more used methods for cycle slips detection and correction using just GPS single-frequency observations. In the detection, the triple (TD) and tetra differences were used. In relation to the correction, in general, each slip is corrected in the preprocessing. Otherwise, other strategies should be adopted during the processing. In this paper, the option was to the second option, and two strategies were tested. In one of them, the elements of the covariance matrix of the involved ambiguities are modified and new ambiguity estimation starts. In the one, a new ambiguity is introduced as additional unknown when a cycle slip is detected. These possibilities are discussed and compared in this paper, as well as the aspects related to the practicity, implementation and viability of each one. Some experiments were carried out using simulated data with cycle slips in different satellites and epochs of the data. This allowed assessing and comparing the results of different occurrence of cycle slip and correction in several conditions. Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Cartog, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Cartog, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil