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Abstract Knowledge of the anatomical variations of the visceral branches of the abdominal aorta is important information for planning any surgeries in the region. We present here a rare constellation of variations of visceral vessels around the kidneys with a brief review of the recent literature. On the right side, an accessory renal artery was observed originating just distal to the main renal artery. The middle suprarenal artery was absent on the right side and there were two inferior suprarenal arteries originating from a branch of the main right renal artery. On the left side, the testicular artery had an arched course anterior to the left renal vein mimicking an unusual variety of nutcracker phenomenon. The right kidney was drained by two renal veins into the inferior vena cava. Knowledge of the coexistence of such complex anatomical variations might be helpful for clinicians during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the initial stress distribution and displacement on mandibular dentition using extra and inter-radicular mini-implants for arch distalization, by means of finite element analysis. Methods: For this study, two finite element models of the mandible were designed. The models consisted of periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone of all teeth until second molars. In the Case 1, bilateral extra-radicular buccal-shelf stainless steel mini-implants (10.0-mm length; 2.0-mm diameter) were placed between first and second permanent molars. In the Case 2, bilateral inter-radicular stainless steel mini-implants (10.0-mm length; 1.5-mm diameter) were placed between second premolar and first permanent molar. Power hook was attached between canine and first premolar at a fixed height of 8mm. In the two cases, 200g of distalization force was applied. ANSYS v. 12.1 software was used to analyze and compare von Mises stress and displacement in the mandibular dentition, PDL and bone. Results: Higher stresses were observed in mandibular dentition with the inter-radicular implant system. The amount of von Mises stress was higher for cortical bone (85.66MPa) and cancellous bone (3.64MPa) in Case 2, in comparison to cortical bone (41.93MPa) and cancellous bone (3.43MPa) in Case 1. The amount of arch distalization was higher for mandible in Case 1 (0.028mm), in comparison to Case 2 (0.026mm). Conclusion: Both systems were clinically safe, but extra-radicular implants showed more effective and controlled distalization pattern, in comparison to inter-radicular implants, in Class III malocclusion treatment.

Spatial relationships are fundamental in shaping our interactions with the physical world. They also play a significant role in our construal of abstract ideas in terms of space. In order to understand this transfer of ideas from concrete to abstract space, image schematic approach is applied to analyze role of adpositions in a number of languages. This paper attempts to analyze conceptualization of postpositions in Bangla using image schematic approach. In Bangla, nominal postpositions are derived by suffixing locative suffix -/e/ with the noun. However, this suffix is also used as an independent postpositional marker in Bangla. Therefore, this paper attempts to understand image schema of this locative suffix in different contexts. The basic image schema of this locative suffix is observed to be that of container schema. However, functional component of this containment relation varies across different contexts. Further, two spatial postpositions of Bangla are analyzed indicating that locative suffix -/e/ primarily carries the sense of space in these two nominal postpositions of space. This analysis helps to understand how meanings of these nouns interact with meaning of locative suffix to form nominal postpositions using image-schema. These differences in meanings have resulted in their different distributional and usage patterns.

ABSTRACT Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is characterised by an abnormal histiocytic accumulation in tissues such as the lung, spleen, bone marrow, skin, central nervous system, liver and lymph nodes, causing focal or systemic effects. No specific clinical & radiographic presentation of LCH is described in literature. This poses a diagnostic dilemma for surgeons. The scapula is the site of 3% of bone tumours, while for LCH it is the least common site. In a 10-year-old boy with isolated lesion of the scapula with no other systemic involvement, and no specific finding in MRI or CT scan of scapula, diagnosis was confirmed on biopsy. Division into single and multi-system disease is paramount in treatment, given that it is a single system disease. The patient improved clinically on follow-up of 2 years. The scapula is one of the rarest site of LCH, and because various lesions mimic each other, a biopsy is always required, with immunohistochemistry for CD68 & S-100. This was only a single system disease, so conservative management was performed, and the patent improved clinically.

The present investigation is carried out to estimate the firing temperature and conditions of firing of ancient pottery shreds excavated recently from Sembiankandiyur, Tamil Nadu, India. FTIR and XRD studies have been attempted on these shreds to characterize the mineral composition of the pottery artifacts in respect of their different physical attributes. The firing temperature and conditions were inferred from the mineral phases of the samples exhibited by the infrared spectra and X-ray diffractograms recorded in as received state. TG-DTA is the complementary technique to elucidate the firing temperature from the thermal characteristic reactions such as dehydration, decomposition and transformations of minerals under the controlled firing of the samples in inert atmosphere.Esta pesquisa foi feita para se estimar a temperatura de queima e as condições de queima de fragmentos cerâmicos antigos escavados recentemente em Sembiankandiyur, Tamil Nadu, India. Estudos de FTIR e de difração de raios X foram efetuados nestas partes para caracterizar a composição do mineral dos artefatos cerâmicos com respeito aos diferentes atributos físicos cerâmicos. A temperatura e as condições de queima foram estimadas a partir das fases minerais das amostras de acordo com os espectros de infravermelho e dos difratogramas de raios X obtidos nas amostras como recebidas. Análise termogravimétrica e térmica diferencial é uma técnica complementar para avaliar a temperatura de queima a partir de reações características tais como hidratação, decomposição e transformações dos minerais sob queima controlada das amostras em atmosfera inerte.