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Copyright of Revista Debates is the property of Revista Debates and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the revision of the Marxian theory of value proposed by Francisco de Oliveira in 1988, which introduced the concept of the public fund as a constitutive part of the value of labor force and the volume of private capital. The revision had impacts on the Marxian theory of exploitation and the conception of surplus value. The text also mentions José Arthur Giannotti's critique of the Marxian theory of value, arguing that contemporary capitalist accumulation rendered this law inoperative. The author argues that Marx's labor theory of value is still relevant for understanding the reification of forms of sociability in the market. [Extracted from the article]

This article aims to analyze the transdimensional theme of the dignity of people who menstruate, which has a double facet: on the one hand it brings a universal aspect of dignity, being innate to human beings, with rational content, which distances them from reification or invisibility of people and on the other hand it brings a sense of citizenship to be achieved, with a clear provisional nature to be conferred by the State and other members of organized society. Based on these two pillars of understanding dignity, using the hypothetical-deductive method, the article develops to find out whether not valuing menstrual dignity, in addition to causing harm to health, can have repercussions in the school environment, causing a state of inequalities between vulnerable people who menstruate and others. The article seeks to verticalize the theme by pointing out that, once the state of educational inequalities is proven, the loss of these people is inevitable from the beginning of the competition of life, ceasing to be effective the equality of resources professed by Ronald Dworkin, in his work Sovereign Virtue (2000). The work also presents the initial efforts that have been carried out at the legislative level in Brazil, concluding with the hypothesis of a broader approach to the valorization of menstrual dignity with a bias towards educational and human development that goes far beyond the free delivery of sanitary pads and scarves [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Muiraquitã: Revista de Letras e Humanidades is the property of Muiraquita and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The text approaches how two teenagers, Mungo (protagonist of Young Mungo) and the anonymous Character (protagonist of O peso do pássaro morto – The weight of the dead bird, in English) perceive the trauma of the rape they suffer. She languishes throughout her life and dies; he seeks strength to withstand the pain of rape and kills the two rapists. “Rape culture” as a practice of virile sexism requires constant questioning so that the societies that inherit these practices coexist without gender violence and do not cause pain and trauma in historically vulnerable people. This paper adopts the concept of violence, based on Freud (2011), Gomes (2013) and Misse (2016), in addition to hegemonic masculinity via Connel & Messerchmidt (2013).Literature seeks to initiate this discussion as another way of disseminating the encounter of plural genders.

Copyright of Intersecoes: Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinares is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scintilla is the property of Revista Scintilla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An observation of organizations as social cells allows us to identify that they act within a framework of instrumental rationality, described and instrumented from the statements of the nascent sociology and, especially, by the thinking of Max Weber, pioneer of the bureaucratic school, who focused his statements on a teleological and at the same time procedural approach based on the interaction of the duality “should be” and “what to do”. This thinking became dominant in the so-called management sciences, generating actions characterized by domination over the human, its freedom and autonomy.The intellectual effort of this work is to find or contribute to a different approach in the management sciences, starting from the recognition of the historical context of the emergence of critical thinking, in the conception of the Frankfurt School, in a scenario of spiritual and cultural crisis that addressed the tasks of a redefinition of culture, the revision of ideal, hegemonic and central legacies of the thought of classical modernity, enlightened modernity, bourgeois modernity and its crisis of concepts such as reason, subjectivity, time, narrative, reality, progress, truth and value. Great importance is given to the production of Jürgen Habermas, identifying in his work the categories of “lifeworld”, “rationality” and “communication” and his critique of integrating mechanisms such as money through the market, power in the structure of organizations and solidarity generated by virtue of norms, values and communication.On these bases, the need for the theory of communicative action is justified in order to understand and overcome “instrumental rationality” so that social management (or inclusion) colonizes strategic management (or exclusion) and not as it has been happening socio-historically. Under the above perspectives, the aim of the article is to contribute to the debate on how to achieve an “economically efficient” and “humanly viable” management in order to find a reification of the empowerment of subjects, never their annihilation, since organizations are networks of the human fabric that transcends instrumental processes.

This study analyzes fake news published on the website of the Brazilian Department of Health about COVID-19 in 2020. It argues that different forms of disinformation were constituted into reified communicative processes. The study emphasizes the emergence of a disinformation production circuit whose logic is the trivialization of informational practices manifested through fake news. The methodology applied here is of an exploratory-descriptive work with a qualitative approach and content analysis. The analyses prompted the emergence of six categories obtained a posteriori: main theme, language, elements that make up the news, rhetorical devices, devices for attributing credibility to the news, and fact-checking procedures. It can be affirmed that the news articles found are based on instrumental compositions that articulate themes related to the pandemic in a simplistic way, with language that disregards grammar norms, and resorting to the combined use of several elements, specially through text and image, and of different rhetorical devices – with the recurrent use of authorities to attribute credibility to the news, and the presence of inconsistencies in fact-checking procedures by Department of Health. Finally, it can be affirmed that the fact-checking carried out by the Brazilian Department of Health had as reference the politicization of the disease in face of the tension between science, politics and the market, which compromises the fight against this health crisis and corroborates the instrumental logic of the information circulating on the web

This review article aims to think about the relationships between Art, human formation and aesthetic experience, having as a reference the Critical Theory of society and its conceptual contributions about the powers of transformation and human and social formation. The theorists who support this analysis are Herbert Marcuse, Theodor W. Adorno and Walter Benjamin. To these authors, Art is conceived in its autonomy and transcendence, having in the aesthetic experience its space of constitution of the human, of otherness and desire for freedom. The dialogue with these works allowed us to understand the (trans)forming powers that constitute the relationship between Art, human formation and aesthetic experience insofar as they fight reification, by making people speak, dance, sing and contemplate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of this article are the analyses of the phenomenon of social integration of the proletariat, carried out by Erich Fromm and Max Horkheimer in the 1930s. Besides texts by both authors, the article resorts as well to empirical research conducted in the beginning of the decade within the Frankfurt Institute for Social Research. More specifically, the study on "character structure" of German workers (coordinated by Erich Fromm) is analyzed, being also considered the main results of the studies that had as their objects changes in sexuality and in the authority structure of European family at the time. The article shows how Horkheimer made use of central concepts of Marx's thought when examining the topics of those studies, resulting in a perspective capable of apprehending ongoing social changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is characterized as a theoretical-conceptual study that attempts to discuss the contributions of Paulo Freire's Extension or Communication? within the genealogy of Latin American decolonial pedagogy. Inserted in the Modernity/Coloniality theoretical current, decolonial pedagogy is constituted as a political, social, epistemic, and ethical project, expressed by critical interculturality, which bets on the evocation of previously marginalized knowledge and on an insurgent posture towards the rigid structures resulting from the Modernity/Coloniality binomial. In Extension or Communication?, Paulo Freire presents elements that are part of the bases of this thought, such as criticism of the supposed scientific neutrality; cultural invasion as an action of silencing and reification of the oppressed man; hierarchization of knowledge and epistemic prejudice; and social awareness as a transformation strategy. We conclude that the work can be considered, within the development of Freirian thought, a precursor of decolonial pedagogy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Aufklärung: Revista de Filosofia is the property of Aufklarung: Revista de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aux yeux des auteurs africains américains, le Sud n’a eu de cesse d’ostraciser le Noir. Pour y parvenir, il emploie tout un arsenal idéologique raciste qu e des auteurs comme Gaines s’évertuent d’invalider. En s’appuyant sur une lecture socio sémiotique, cet article explore, dans un premier temps, le discours ségrégationniste visant à réifier le Noir pour ensuite l’écarter du développement social, culturel e t économique. Puis il s’intéresse à la réaction de la communauté noire. Celle ci est d’abord timide vu que les sujets noirs n’opposent pas au langage raciste de la superstructure celui d’une conscience collective militante. Toutefois, en rétablissant l’hom me noir dans sa dignité le tout sur fond de messianisme, Gaines l’anoblit et le débarrasse des préjugés et clichés dégradants.

The present article investigates how Federal Public Universities in Brazil are reorganizing themselves in the form of Social Organizations -- OS, emulating country's historical and social itinerary, as well as synthesizes and develops reification processes. The paper exposes the constitutive nexuses of the UFP's reorganization amidst political ramifications within the Brazilian nation, with the mediations and historical processes that these changes have been hiding and developing in the teaching occupation. The reification emerges as an explanatory category of this process, presenting, as its substance, policies such as teaching performance evaluation and career progression as defining aspects of the academic production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to think about the aging processes and the identities of the elderly in contemporary times. Through Oral History we understand the need for a listening in which the speech acts revealed in the voice of our narrator make that imagery and representations on which the understanding and definition of old age are based are not seen as the reification of an assumption about the elderly. As aging is a process that is based on an uncertain definition, the identities linked to the aging process combine a claiming discourse that transforms the contemporary aging process into a multiple experience. Analyzing the polyphony of meanings of aging requires transit between categories such as birth group, generation, social class, old age, among others, to think about issues related to the identification of the elderly as a social being, with unique experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Sociedade e Estado is the property of Sociedade e Estado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Cadernos PAGU is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lua Nova is the property of CEDEC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Direito e Práxis is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The State of Mato Grosso do Sul, in addition to having some conservation units in federal, state and municipal level, recently launched the legal and factual basis for the creation of a new type, oblivious to SNUC, based on private ownership of idea nature and at the same time, the US - parquística idyllic vision. This paper will seek to discuss the creation of the Bodoquena-Marsh Geopark is presented as a further reification of the proposed nature and its private appropriation by capital, environmental protection travesty, or if it is, indeed, an environmental action. For this purpose, the deductive method is used, based on research to state documents, as well as normative-legal acts that serve to identify the reasons and justification for the creation of this new environmental-legal figure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the publicity of English courses and the recent legal imposition of the language in Brazilian middle and high schools. The reference corpus consists of five publicity campaigns of English courses displayed during the first semester of 2017 in a city of Santa Catarina state and the text of the recently amended Brazilian educational law (LDB 9,394/1996). In addition, the legal amendment is contextualized along with the development of the national common curriculum (BNCC). Our objective is to problematize and to show how the publicity of English courses and the recent legal amendment contribute to a linguistic hierarchy which socio-historically constructs English as a hegemonic and reified language. Data analysis shows that both the publicity and the law may underestimate the importance of multilingualism and at the same time may strengthen the commodification of monolingual ideals related to English language teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we aim to pursuit some of the transformations on the concept of cinema, to which the notions of art, market, industry, and author were aggregate during the 20th century. From the silent film, we allude to the first attempts of "cultural elevation" of the cinematographic form and, among those, to the theoretical propose of Ricciotto Canudo, who attributed to cinema the double condition of scientific and esthetic event. We also describe the authorial ambiguity of the classic Cabiria, today credited to Giovanni Pastrone while, in the past, it was credited to Gabriele D'Annunzio. Then, we point to the affirmation of the art-industry binomial in the theoretical discussions made by the Cahiers du Cinéma and the Nouvelle vague, indicating its reverberations in the underground and New Hollywood cinema of United States. Based on those premises, we show Alberto Moravia's critical resistance to the conciliation between art and market, signalizing the dichotomy between what he considered author cinema (made by Morrissey, Markopoulos, and Warhol) and commercial cinema (made by Kubrick, Coppola, Altman). By the end, we confront Moravia's to Jameson's thinking, observing the confluence of both around the idea of reification, a mark of the consumer society pictured by Andy Warhol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Veritas is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Caderno CRH is the property of Universidade Federal da Bahia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Tamoios is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article we intend to discuss central aspects of the concept reification conceived by Georg Lukács in his book “History and Class Consciousness”. Our aim, however, is to show the interpretation that Axel Honneth proposes as an actualization of that concept through an attempt to overcome the subject-object epistemological tradition in favor of an intersubjectivity theory. We intent to show how Honneth's reading of reification tries to give it a contemporary formulation taking his own theory of recognition as basis. Postulating social theory and ontological problems, this understanding about the reification has implications to his own intellectual trajectory, as well as to the thinking of critical theory in the context of contemporary society.

O artigo propõe discutir em que medida a categoria da reificação pode auxiliar a educação na leitura dos processos de estetização do mundo da vida. No giro da formação cultural, a dialética colocara o indivíduo, ou o em si, em contraposição com o mundo, num processo de alienação ou de estranhamento com o outro que conduzia à progressão gradativa do espírito em direção a um reino de mais liberdade. Marx subverte a relação ao dizer que a reificação ocorre no sentido contrário, isto é, na materialidade do trabalho alienado que transforma regressivamente o sujeito em algo sempre igual, em objeto, em coisa, isto é, no mesmo. A educação, ao avaliar as contribuições da cultura visual, também ficou dividida entre considerar se, de fato, ela representa a assunção do mesmo ou do outro, o vivo ou morto. Cabe analisar se a realização de uma leitura dos processos de estetização do ponto de vista desta categoria, compreendida no sentido hermenêutico, possibilita então uma saída deste impasse.

Neste artigo, propomos desvendar o “reconhecimento prévio do outro” como uma condição não-epistêmica fundamental das pesquisas em educação, evitando certos problemas ocasionados pela reificação, isto é, a atitude de não reconhecer o saber da alteridade. Percebemos, a partir das reflexões de Axel Honneth, a existência de uma instância fundamental: subjacente à perspectiva do conhecimento existe uma condição não-epistêmica que pode se orientar pelos motivos dos outros. Trata-se de uma proposta que foge, portanto, da disputa entre diferentes perspectivas epistemológicas e da polarização ou da contraposição entre elementos subjetivos e objetivos, ambos reificados. Assumir a postura de reconhecimento do outro implica, enfim, o reconhecimento de sua alteridade por intermédio da sua vivência em plenitude. Nesse aspecto, a teoria de Honneth vem preencher uma lacuna no acontecer das pesquisas educacionais, pois até poderíamos arriscar dizer que, sem este acolhimento do outro, qualquer iniciativa estaria sujeita a recair nas malhas da reificação. In this paper we propose to unravel the “prior recognition of the other” as a fundamental non-epistemic condition of the researches in education, avoiding certain problems caused by reification, that is, the attitude of not recognizing the knowledge of otherness. Based on the reflections of Axel Honneth, we observed the existence of a fundamental instance: underlying the perspective of knowledge there is a nonepistemic condition that can be oriented by the motives of others. It is, therefore, a proposal that shuns away from the dispute between different epistemological perspectives and the polarization or counterpoint among subjective and objective elements, both reified. To assume the recognition of the other implies, finally, the recognition of its otherness through its existence in fullness. In this aspect, Honneth’s theory comes to fill a gap in the case of the educational researches, because we could even risk saying that, without this acceptance of the other, any initiative would be subjected to fall into the nets of reification.

Trata-se aqui de umas notas de trabalho sobre o tema da técnica em Theodor W. Adorno. O ensaio Educação após Auschwitz e um conjunto de aforismos que compõem o livro Minima moralia são tomados como fontes principais, mas também como roteiro de investigação. As críticas de Adorno à técnica aparecem em vários registros e privilegiamos, nos marcos de nossa reflexão, as relacionados ao corpo e à produção da consciência, elementos que se combinam diversamente nas obras pesquisadas, mas que encontram seu desiderato na crítica ao mundo administrado e aos destinos da subjetividade. Nossos resultados mostram que nas reflexões de Adorno o profundo processo de embrutecimento do humano e a supressão de quaisquer traços de particularidade aparecem intimamente relacionados com o crescente processo de tecnificação, o que por sua vez engendra uma certa pedagogia dos gestos e do corpo. Sugere-se, neste sentido, que a técnica mais refinada não necessariamente leva a um aumento das possibilidades humanas, mas, talvez encaminhe, tendencialmente, a uma escravização do corpo por meio da incorporação dos processos reificadores da tecnificação.This paper brings some work notes on the topic of technique by Theodor W. Adorno. The essay Education after Auschwitz and some of the aphorisms in Minima moralia are taken as main sources, and also as part of an investigation plan. Adorno's criticism of technique appears in several parts of his work. In our reflection, we have prioritized criticism related to the body and the production of conscience, as they are elements which have different combinations in the researched texts, but a common goal in the criticism of the administered world and the destiny of subjectivity. Our results show that, in Adorno's reflections, the deep process of human brutalization and the suppression of any particularity traits are closely related to the growing technification process, which engenders a certain gesture and body pedagogy. It's suggested, in that sense, that the most refined techniques do not necessarily increase human possibilities. On the contrary, they may lead to body slavery through the incorporation of technifying reification processes.

O presente trabalho se orienta pela hipótese de que a reflexão sobre a linguagem e a crítica do fetichismo mercantil, de Guy Debord, são aspectos inseparáveis de um único e mesmo ponto de partida da crítica da "sociedade do espetáculo", centrado na crítica da linguagem e da forma-mercadoria. Debord se posiciona por uma transição, no que diz respeito ao horizonte da reflexão estética e social sobre a linguagem, do conceito de expressão ao de comunicação ou diálogo. Ele busca recolher e manter, ultrapassando-a, a natureza crítica da expressão não-comunicativa (e, por isso, refratária à "pseudocomunicação" da sociedade burguesa), tal como concebida e experienciada pela arte moderna e as vanguardas do início do século XX, formulando a perspectiva crítica social da comunicação direta.The present work is oriented by the hypothesis that Guy Debord's reflection on language and criticism of the commodity fetishism are inseparable aspects of a single and same point of departure of the criticism of "the society of the spectacle", centred on the criticism of language and commodity-form. Debord sets his view on a transition, concerning the horizon of the aesthetic and social reflection on language, from the concept of expression to that of communication or dialogue. He seeks to compile, maintain and surpass the critical characteristic of uncommunicative expression (and, therefore, refractory to the pseudo communication of the bourgeois society), as it was conceived and experienced by modern art and the vanguards of the beginning of the 20th century, formulating the social critical perspective of direct communication.

This article attempts to provide a new look at an old idea within Marxist discourse. Reification, as first imagined by Marx and later Lukacs, describes a process by which capitalism transforms human beings and social relations into things. Although the concept has been subjected to much abstraction and reinvention over the years, this article attempts to address a foundational problem that has remained unsolved since its inception: Close analysis reveals that the concept of reification has never been developed to include an example of an alternative or non-reified state of being. To solve this foundational problem, I look beyond Marxism and to the phenomenology of Maurice Merleau-Ponty. For Merleau-Ponty, the body is our primary vehicle for being-in-the-world, but what makes his philosophy unique is his emphasis on embodied subjectivity, as well as his dialectical conception of corporeality and being-in-the-world. From this view, the social and material worlds can best be understood as dynamic realms of intersubjectivity, while sentient beings always exist as subjects prior to the reifying effects of capitalism. Building upon an ongoing dialectic between the ideas of Marx, Lukacs, Merleau-Ponty and others, I will ultimately reframe the concept of reification as a objectifying tendency, precipitating from capitalism’s ability to obscure the lived experience of the phenomenal body.

The problem of a society based on private property of productive forces are the unequal and unjust conditions of producing economic wealth and political power. The bourgeois legal concept of private property is a paradigmatic combination of the reification of universal concepts and class-interest. An exemplary case is Hegel's Philosophy of law. The essay tries to reconstruct the idea of democratic socialism as a still workable alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a theoretical retrospect of Herbert Marcuse's ideas on Culture and Identity - also seen as identification and individualization - at his main works, specially Reason and Revolution and One-Dimensional Man. After this framework's construction, we intend illustrate the philosophical concepts using present mediatic examples, aiming to show how fruitful a counter-culture thought may be at the 21st century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Imagens da Educação is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Veritas is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Without disregarding the contribution of the Sociology of Religion, this text seeks to problematize scientific tendencies that, as they analyze the social function of religion in modern societies, elaborate a reified knowledge of religious phenomena. This problematization is only possible a posteriori because it is proper to the sciences to question themselves and their presuppositions. In this perspective the text will problematize marxist and positivist theoretical presuppositions, revealing, in a certain form, commitments to a vision of the world that seeks to be universal, but ignores its historical limits and closes in on itself. The objectification of religions, that reduces the other, the foreign, as an equal to itself is a permanent risk in the analysis of happenings and phenomena. In this provocative horizon, Sociology of Religion, as an open field, permits us to ask about the religion of sociology. In this form, it transcends the condition of object to which it was submited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lutas Sociais is the property of Nucleo de Estudos de Ideolgias e Lutas Sociais (NEILS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)