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Why do some cities provide many emergency shelter beds while others do not? We interpret differences with respect to the supply of shelter beds as originating from alternative choices concerning a series of policy trade-offs. These trade-offs arise because of climate effects, prejudice, levels of poverty, and housing and labour market conditions affecting the rates of homelessness. Governments have policy levers they can adjust to respond to changes in most, if not all these conditions. One of these policy levers is the number of emergency shelter beds that are made available. But other policy responses are also possible. These include efforts to reduce poverty, policies designed to increase the stock of affordable housing, and policies to increase income support payments. Choosing to supply shelter beds over other policy responses reveals a preference for one set of societal outcomes over another. Using data describing conditions in 52 Canadian cities, we test six hypotheses describing why some communities choose to provide more homeless shelter beds than others.

This paper addresses the life and social experience of low-income people in Brazil, based on a theory of social bonds. The material consists of a set of twenty qualitative interviews with people earning up to one minimum-wage per month. The interviews last, on average, two hours and were undertaken by the National Institute for Applied Economic Research [IPEA] (2016), in a nation-wide qualitative survey about social inequality and life conditions. The material was content analyzed considering four categories of social bond: the lineal bond, the elective participation bond, the organic participation and the citizenship bond. The results show that organic participation, along with lineal bond, play a key, albeit ambivalent role. On the other hand, citizenship bond is mostly characterized by experiences of misrecognition and lack of protection. Elective participation bonds are barely resourceful, yet they play an important role in individual attempts to fight poverty. The consequences for the relationship between social inequality and social regulation are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work I expose the importance of approaching diabetes type II from complex perspectives, which go beyond the biological perspectives of the subjects dedicated to health education in Biology Teacher Training Institutes. I outline the relationship between poverty and diabetes type II without delving into the metabolic mechanisms involved. I characterize the HMM (Hegemonic Medical Model), the empirical/functional paradigm, functionalist public health and the State approaches to type II diabetes in vulnerable populations.

The aim of this study is to analyze how the neoliberal policy implemented by the Brazilian state, coupled with structural unemployment, leads to the exclusion of a section of society, leading these individuals, especially adolescents in situations of social vulnerability, to become involved in drug trafficking. This is a bibliographical and documentary study using a qualitative approach, with theoretical support from articles, books and documents related to the topic. The results of the research show that neoliberal policy, by redefining the actions of the state, affects, above all, the social protection that should be guaranteed to individuals. In this way, the reality of adolescent girls in a class society arising from unemployment, social inequality and precarious working relationships, limits or even cancels out access to formal work, resulting in impoverishment and entry into informality. Under these conditions, entering the drug trade in everyday life becomes an alternative, based on the need to access goods in capitalist society. Therefore, in order to confront this reality, it is essential to implement universal public policies that promote the full protection of adolescents in situations of vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Assisted Market Agrarian Reform was established in Brazil in 1997 by the government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso in partnership with the World Bank. Its main objective was to reduce conflicts and alleviate rural poverty. The Northeast region was chosen for the initial implementation of the policy due to its higher concentration of poverty. Therefore, this article aims to understand how this model emerged in the Brazilian agrarian agenda and to raise the inherent questions regarding its adoption process. A qualitative approach was employed, utilizing document analysis and theoretical grounding in the Policy Diffusion Theory. The results indicate that the RAAM was integrated into the agrarian agenda during the first term of Fernando Henrique Cardoso's presidency (1995-1998) and it was adopted during a period of intense conflicts and rural occupations, and the model was implemented to undermine the activities of social movements fighting for land and neutralize social pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research addresses processes of impoverishment among families from intermediate social segments in the south of Portuguese America. The documentation is made up of death records, some requests to the Royal Treasury and lists of confessed people. The methodology used is the nominal search in different documents, from which it was possible to identify whether the poor had captives. The hypothesis is that a limited group of poor families in Porto Alegre originated from intermediate social segments, which had property, such as the ownership of enslaved people. Despite this, these families also faced some level of material deprivation. This work aims to offer some contribution to the study of the experiences of free people who do not belong to the Portuguese-American elites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) remains a major cause of death in the poorest regions of the world. Objective: To analyze trends in relative distribution of CC deaths occurred in extreme poverty municipalities, Brazil, from 2000 to 2018. Method: The relative distribution of CC deaths occurred in extreme poverty municipalities was evaluated in relation to total number of CC deaths observed in each Federative Unit (FU). An autoregressive modeling was used to assess the temporal trends in the death distribution, 2000-2018. Results: From 2000 to 2018, there were 94,065 CC deaths, and 10.7% of them were recorded in extreme poverty municipalities. There were six states (Amazonas, Roraima, Pará, Amapá, Tocantins, and Mato Grosso do Sul) with 100.0% of extreme poverty municipalities reporting the occurrence of these deaths. The trends of death distribution in extreme poverty municipalities in relation to the total of deaths in each FU followed in increasing trends in eleven Brazilian FU. Conclusions: CC is a disease prioritized by public policies in Brazil, and the trends of these deaths observed in the poorest municipalities point out that more attention should be given to these units of analysis, in order to improve the health of the poorest people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evangelical christianity seems to be increasing in strength within the social lives of Haitian people in the diaspora. In this article, we inquire what tactics Pentecostalism has been offering to Haitian migrants whose social existence is oppressed by everyday poverty. To do so, we will investigate how Haitian churches act on the local level in the neighborhoods where Haitian migrants settle. Our ethnographies reveal that evangelical communities currently play the role of assisting Haitian migrants in their reception neighborhoods. That the "spiritual warfare", in turn, that characterizes Pentecostal doctrine performs a moral work whose promise is to protect this migrant group from risks associated with poverty that current society addresses to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Nursing & Health is the property of Journal of Nursing & Health (JONAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pós: Revista do Programa de POS-Graduacao Em Artes - EBA/UFMG is the property of Pos - Programa de Pos-graduacao em Artes (PPG-Artes) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The covid-19 pandemic generated serious financial and public health mishaps in the world, increasing mortality and unemployment mainly in the first year of 2020 arising from the lockdowns, as well as forcing 151 nations to create emergency income support until the development and application of the complete vaccination cycle. Entering the year 2022, there was a return to "normality", maintaining contact with the new variants that are still around and continue to spread (with the current Eris strain spreading rapidly around the world). This study, therefore, aimed to analyze the impact that the total number of cases and deaths generated by covid-19 caused on the variation in the share of the population living in extreme poverty in the world between 2020 and 2022, as well as its relationship with changes in the Human Development Index (HDI) and GDP Per Capita of countries. Additionally, this study is an adaptation and evolution of the research by Vitenu-Sackey and Barfi (2021) who analyzed equivalent variables, but applied only to the initial months of the pandemic in which the world was still adapting to this new economic, social and health context. Data were obtained from Our World In Data (2023), which collects and organizes data from public sources from credible world organizations, addressing data from the World Bank, WHO and United Nations. As a methodology, this research opted for the generation of regressions with the use of Artificial Intelligence via the use of Machine Learning for better accuracy of the coefficients, R2 and normality of the residuals, allowing a more assertive analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article examines the activities of civil society organizations in Argen-tina and Chile to reduce the social exclusion of two vulnerable groups of the population: on the one hand, children and youth, on the other, elderly people from poor backgrounds. Based on the analysis of the work of a number of non-governmental organizations aimed at the social adaptation of the younger generation and the creation of a tolerant social environment for older people, the specifics of civil society as an active participant in public life, a full-fledged partner of the state in promoting social policy are revealed. It is noted that the educational activities of NGOs and the devel-opment of specific practices of additional training, volunteer support, the creation of special centers for mutual assistance and communication are able to produce new values, form social capital and solve a wide range of tasks related to expanding life prospects and overcoming discrimination.

Homelessness has re-emerged as a significant issue in Aotearoa, New Zealand (Aotearoa/NZ) in recent decades, with Māori (Indigenous peoples of New Zealand) being impacted disproportionately due to ongoing processes of colonisation and impoverishment. Whether living on the streets of an urban centre, small city, or rural district, the lifeworlds of homeless people are frequently textured by social, material, and spatial exclusions, uncertainties, insecurities, and stigma. This article explores how the Open Arms Day Centre (OADC), a drop-in day centre for homeless people in Whangārei (a small city in Northland), functions as a dependable Pou Whirinaki (pillar of strength and support) in the everyday lives of Māori experiencing homelessness. Employing a Māori-centred, case-based approach, we explored the experiences of a small group of local service users, volunteers, and staff through interviews, photographic exercises, and regular casual conversations. This culturally informed mode of inquiry resulted in a deeper understanding of the OADC’s operation as what health geographers have also referred to as a space of care. Such spaces offer those frequenting them opportunities for respite, inclusion, belonging, and routine. They become Pou Whirinaki through enactments of Māori relational values and practices that foster a sense of ontological security, cultural continuity, and shared humanity

The article seeks to understand the meanings that have been attributed to the processes of evaluating learning in early childhood education, based on the analysis of evaluation reports of children enrolled in three Municipal Centers for Early Childhood Education, located in peripheral territories of the city of Vitória-ES. Based on authors such as Hoffmann (2012) and Godoi (2010), it discusses the assessment of learning, reflecting on how assessment reports have considered the social contexts of impoverished children's lives. It resorts to the assumptions of action-research, systematized in an extension course with Early Childhood Education professionals. The course made it possible to direct views towards classifying and excluding evaluative practices. An education focused on the schooling of children was evidenced based on hegemonic models also present in the evaluations, which disregard social realities. It was possible to rethink, together with the collective, educational-evaluative practices that respect children's subjectivities, in a movement in defense of a public and quality education, effectively inclusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estilos da Clínica is the property of FEUSP - Faculdade de Educacao da USP - Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Debates is the property of Revista Debates and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The book "Economy of the Kingdom: four Christian paths to deal with wealth and poverty in the world" by Matheus Ortega presents four distinct positions that Christians have defended throughout the centuries regarding finances: giver, moderate, transformer, and self-denier. The author proposes that these positions are complementary and that God enables and calls different Christians to live according to one of them. The book presents biblical examples and advice for each profile, and concludes that all should be characterized by mercy. It is recommended reading for leaders, theology students, and Christians in general. [Extracted from the article]

In the mid-20th century, the dimension of the sensitive constituted the main hallmark of discourse about poverty, whether in literature, essays, or scientific reports from specialized institutions in planning and social research. This enduring nature of reflections was fostered, among other factors, by the emergence of organizations committed to producing a canonical meaning for the reality of poverty in the Brazilian Northeast. In this article, we analyze how the Superintendence for the Development of the Northeast - Sudene - established itself as efforts towards the construction and deepening of this sensitivity towards poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of e-Revista Internacional de la Protección Social is the property of e-Revista Internacional de la Proteccion Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Quaestio Iuris (QI) is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this manuscript is to provide selective examples of the work of the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Parasite Epidemiology and Control which contribute to the WHO goal of eliminating neglected tropical diseases by 2030. This PAHO/WHO CC specifically aligns its activities with the Sustainable Development Goals and with the goals outlined in the WHO Road Map for Neglected Tropical Diseases 2021-2030. Its role is to contribute to advancing global action on NTDs, primarily through policy development and knowledge translation. Three important projects have recently been completed: 1. Finalizing the Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for the NTD Road Map (published May 2021; this PAHO/WHO CC was a member of the working group); 2. Developing new guidelines for the preventive chemotherapy of Taenia solium taeniasis (published September 2021; this PAHO/WHO CC was co-Chair; and 3. Formulating a policy brief on deworming for adolescent girls and women of reproductive age (published January 2022; this PAHO/WHO CC is co-lead). These projects are the result of the integration of expertise and experience from multiple partners, including from PAHO and WHO (where both organizations provided key leadership), this PAHO/WHO CC, government ministries, civil society organizations and universities, among others. In conclusion, this PAHO/WHO CC contributes timely guidance to country-led evidence-informed public health policy, to cost-effective program implementation and to the identification of priority research topics – all focused, ultimately, on eliminating NTD-attributable morbidity by 2030.

ABSTRACT Purpose The purpose of this study is to characterize the phonological skills of low-income preschool children in a city in the Natal in the Northeast, Brazil. Methods The researchers assessed the phonological skills of 90 children (from 5 to 6:11) in early childhood education in three public schools located in regions of social and economic vulnerability. The evaluators used the phonology subtests of the Test of Childhood language (ABFW) children's language test. In addition to performing the standard analysis they examined the following: Phonological Processes (PP), Percentage of Correct Consonants (PCC), Percentage of Correct Consonants Revised (PCC-R), and Process Density Index (PDI). The Spearman's Correlation Coefficient test was used to analyze for correlations among the PCC, PCC-R, and PDI. Results According to the cutoff values of children who speak Brazilian Portuguese (BP), adequacy of the PCC and PCC-R values was observed in most participants (PCC: 82 children - 91.1%; PCC-R: 87 children - 94.6%). The processes of liquid simplification (LS), consonant clusters simplification (CCS), final consonant simplification (FCS) were productive of which the CCS (32.2%) and FCS (20%) are still expected for age and LS are not. There was a robust negative correlation between the variables PCC x PDI and PCC-R x PDI. Conclusion Most children showed adequate phonological development. Variations were observed in syllabic segments, especially in the coda, which reflect the influence of regional linguistic differences. The evidence obtained regarding the phonological performance of children within this region contributes to a more accurate speech-language diagnosis.

This article aimed to analyze empirically the parental transmission of education to workers employed in the labor market according to the socioeconomic status in Brazil. For this, Logit models were applied based on microdata from the 2014 Brazilian Household Sample Survey. The intergenerational reproduction of education for Brazilian workers and the heterogeneity between socioeconomic positions were validated. Among the poor, there is intergenerational persistence of lower education and low educational upward mobility between generations. On the other hand, among the non-poor, this parental maintenance of educational level is in high schooling. The parents' primary occupation and living in urban areas reduce the chances of reproducing the parents' educational legacy, while they increase for women, white people and those residing in developed regions. The results confirmed that the educational persistence for low-educated workers, greater for the poor, feeds the cycle of poverty and supports the maintenance of historical inequalities in the country.

This study aim to investigate the relationship between poverty and the COVID-19 pandemic, based on microdata from Continuous PNAD. To obtain different approaches to the topic, two methodologies were used: 1) Econometrics and 2) Machine Learning. The study focuses on understanding the main determinants of poverty during the pandemic period, as well as predicting the vulnerability of individuals to poverty using Machine Learning. The results obtained indicate a higher likelihood of transitioning into poverty for non-white individuals, women, residents of metropolitan areas, individuals in larger families, and those with lower educational attainment. Furthermore, the XGBoost algorithm performed best in predicting poverty after data balancing. These results can be used to assist in decision-making in combating poverty in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Targeted Poverty Alleviation (TPA), were responsible for assisting the last 43 million of the 850 million people removed from extreme poverty since the Reform and Opening Policy initiated in 1978. It is worth discussing the politicalinstitutional singularities of the Chinese State and the intergovernmental mechanisms for implementation of these policies. It is an exploratory research, with bibliographic review, document analysis and interview. It is concluded that China is a multiethnic unitary state of socialist orientation with complex mechanisms of intergovernability, decentralization and subnational autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Direitos Fundamentais & Democracia is the property of Revista de Direitos Fundamentais & Democracia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Family farming has increased its importance in the Brazilian economy in recent years, and is responsible for more than a third of the Gross National Product (PNB) in agriculture, generating income and quality of life for farmers. Even so, in the last decades in rural areas, the rural exodus has been increasing, mainly of young people and women family farmers. In this context, the study aims to analyze through a survey carried out in the southern states of Brazil, which are the main economic, cultural and socio-environmental changes in recent years and who and how will farmers be in the coming decades. Analyzes were carried out on the socioeconomic, cultural and environmental profile and condition of 320 rural families, and on secondary agricultural data from the Southern States. As for the succession in rural activities, the results revealed that factors related to low income and insufficient public policies make it difficult to keep young people and women in agriculture, in addition, the possibility of studying what is very positive opens up other opportunities and the size factor of properties is still very limiting in family farming activities. Agroecology proved to be important for most young farmers. The results also pointed out, roughly speaking, three types of farmers who will be present in rural areas in the coming decades, namely: the consolidated and technified ones, the agroecologists who participate in fairs and take care of food security and sovereignty, and those who lease their land and soon retire [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Jurídica (0103-3506) is the property of Revista Juridica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to meet the goals demanded by the 2030 agenda, it is essential to strengthen the different groups in family farming, which represents a viable opportunity for sustainable rural development. In this sense, this study aims to analyze bibliographic productions from 2014 to 2021 on the contributions of family farming to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. The methodology adopted was the bibliometric review technique. The results indicate that from the officialization in 2018 of the Decade of Family Agriculture (2019-2028), with the aim of executing an action plan to combat hunger and poverty through family farmers, the number of publications increased, highlighted even more within the scope of SDG metrics.

The embedding of robust approaches for ageing in national development agendas has been made more urgent by COVID 19. The article explores these three countries’ social protection domains of in offering an enabling environment for older persons’ dignity and enhanced social functioning before, during and hopefully after the COVID pandemic. Secondary sources of data including review of policy and research documents are used. The article also suggests pathways by which frontline social workers can contribute to galvanising older persons safeguarding and welfare in COVID 19 pandemic milieu., and offers some reflections on social workers’ challenges.

Objective. To assess the ability of low-income families to obtain a standard basket of healthy foods before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. The costs of 191 food items were averaged from supermarkets, municipal markets, wholesalers, and community food outlets in high- and low-income areas in three Caribbean countries. The analysis compared foods not only by selecting high- and low-ranked commodities but by the proportions of those foods, by food group, that will be required to meet a low-cost, nutritionally balanced diet of 2 400 kcal. Results. The main finding was that low-income households will need between 22% and 47% of their earnings to obtain a healthy diet. Despite higher food prices in Saint Kitts and Nevis, low-income households there will need a smaller proportion of their income to obtain a similar basket of foods than in Jamaica or Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Conclusions. While the COVID-19 pandemic has added economic stressors to low-income households the basic vulnerability of the poor to obtain a healthy diet remains. Despite country variations, the findings point to the need for an increase in the minimum wage, particularly in Jamaica. It is essential to embed policies that ensure reduced economic and social vulnerability at the household level.

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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Turismo is the property of Revista Iberoamericana de Turismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The text focuses on the analysis of the relationships between Education, Poverty and Social Inequalities, based on the study of Education institutions created in Natal, capital of Rio Grande do Norte, for/by the poor and working classes. Among such institutions, the School of Craftsmen Apprenticeship, created in 1909, stands out. aimed at the poor classes. Finally, we will see how workers, organized in societies since the end of the 19th century, move in this scenario, including their actions in the educational field. For this purpose, decree n° 7.566/1909, maps of Natal between the 19th and 20th centuries and articles from the newspaper A República will be analysed, among other sources. In conclusion, we observe that the ruling groups wanted to conform the disadvantaged of fortune to an ideal of city and society. But this attempt suffered setbacks on the part of the people, who disobeyed the norms provided for in municipal resolutions, subverted order and discipline at the School and created societies and schools for their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]