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Copyright of Revista de Arqueologia is the property of Revista de Arqueologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article we will indicate that the fundamental proposition of the courses of physical Geography of Kant is: the man is a habitant of Earth. To validate this thesis, we will align the methodology utilized by Kant in the courses of Anthropology and physical Geography, in order to evidence the convergences and divergences of these courses. Besides that, we will compare the methodology employed by Kant in the natural History and in the physical Geography, because the distinction between these sciences will allow us to ratify the thesis here defended and to delimit the criteria of validity of the proposition indicated above. In Physische Geographie, Kant differentiates the propositions of those disciplines in the following way: the geographical propositions refer to the men as habitants of Earth, but investigate them without any historical perspective, in other words, investigate them in the present tense. Unlike this, the naturalists propositions investigate the human beings in a temporal successive line, in order to demonstrate what the nature did of them. That being said, the central issue of the natural history is to demonstrate that the different people possess a common origin and the central issue of the physical geography is to demonstrate in what way the habitat influences the civilizing, moralizing, political and religious process of the different people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Known as the founder of the Musée de l’Homme, Paul Rivet is still an obscure figure in his disciplinary field, whereas he contributed powerfully to build the shapes of french ethnology in the 1920/1930’s. This intellectual biography intends to rediscover him. Back from a five-year mission in Ecuador in 1906, which provoked his vocation, Paul Rivet turns away from anthropometry and revitalizes the anthropological project thanks to linguistics and diffusionism. He conquers institutional positions that ensure the definitive recognition of ethnology. Exemplary figure of the committed intellectual, he fights for his humanistic convictions against the fascist and racist threats in the 1930’s. In 1941, he refuges in Colombia where he develops ethnological studies and helps to reassert the value of the Indian’s place in the nation.

Among the several human skeletal reference collections that have been amassed in Portugal, there is one that has remained in nearly anonymity for its almost entire existence. The collection was initiated by Mendes Correia who collected abandoned skeletal remains from cemeteries of the city of Porto circa 1912-1917. Over the years and for unknown reasons its original documentation was lost and the collection has been treated as an unidentified assemblage of specimens for many years. Two previously unnoticed publications from the 1920’s were found to have published basic biographic data for each individual in the collection, thus restituting some of the lost information. The surviving Mendes Correia Collection is currently located at the Natural History Museum and at the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto. It is comprised of 99 individuals of known sex, age, and nativity, whose skeletons are found in various states of completeness. They represent a segment of the population of the city of Porto who were born throughout the 19th century. It is hoped that the information gathered and provided here can restore some of the lost research value of the Mendes Correia skeletal reference collection.

The physician and anthropologist José Bastos de Ávila was a major figure in the field of physical anthropology in Brazil in the 1920s and 1930s. He was affiliated with the Museu Nacional and latter with the Instituto de Pesquisas Educacionais, both in Rio de Janeiro. In this article we analyze his research in physical anthropology, which focused on questions of race and miscegenation with particular emphasis on anthropometric characteristics of children. Based on surveys carried out in public schools in Rio de Janeiro, Ávila concluded that the children could not achieve higher levels of growth due to the precarious sanitary conditions prevailing in the neighborhoods. Ávila emphasized that the main problems in Brazil were related to poor health, hygiene and education of the population, and not to racial issues. Ávila participated in scientific expeditions, debated on archaeological heritage, conducted research on indigenous peoples and wrote a novel that received an award by the Academia Brasileira de Letras in 1932. We argue that the perspective of Ávila, marked by a critique of racial determinism, was part of an intellectual current of physical anthropology that prevailed at the Museu Nacional in the early decades of 20th century, which in turn was associated with broader sociopolitical dynamics in Brazil.

The article analyses the studies carried out by the anthropologist Edgard Roquette-Pinto (1884-1954) on the classification of 'anthropological types' of Brazil. Affiliated to the Museu Nacional, in Rio de Janeiro, the anthropologist collected data on the anatomical, physiological and psychological characteristics of the Brazilian population in the early decades of the 20th century. The racial classification put forward by Roquette-Pinto resulted not only from the ongoing national intellectual context, but also resulted from technical and theoretical influences from abroad, in particular from Germany and the United States. The anthropologist's goal was to produce an 'anthropological portrait' of Brazil. His research aimed at revealing the racial characteristics involved in the formation of the nation, as well as evaluating the biological viability of the population, especially the 'mixed race types'.

The physician and anthropologist Álvaro Fróes da Fonseca lived in several cities in Brazil during his career in the first half of the 20th century. He worked in the chair of Medical-Surgical Anatomy at the Faculties of Medicine of Porto Alegre, Bahia and Rio de Janeiro. As an anthropologist, he held activities at the Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro and, in the 1960s, at the Instituto de Antropologia Tropical of the Faculty of Medicine in Recife. In this article, I intend to recover the contributions of Fróes da Fonseca on anthropology, analyzing some of his research developed at the Laboratory of Anthropology of the Museu Nacional and others published in the journal of this institution between the 1920s and 1930s. During this period, he brought together scientists, developed and directed several works on physical anthropology and the 'anthropological types', focusing on developing methods and patterns of racial classification, i.e., on producing concepts and techniques to guide anthropological practice. He refuted the scientific racism of the period, so the research conducted by Fróes da Fonseca reflected on the 'race problem' and the issue of miscegenation in favor of Brazil's future.

In this article we analyze the historical and sociopolitical context under which the First Universal Races Congress (1911) took place, and also address the main issues debated in the conference by anthropologists, sociologists and social activists from different countries. We highlight the contributions of the physicians and anthropologists João Baptista de Lacerda (1846-1915) and Edgard Roquette-Pinto (1884-1954), who traveled to London as official representatives of the Brazilian government, and discuss some of the papers presented by leading authorities in the field of anthropology and the race studies. The papers presented at the conference were published in a volume edited by the English sociologist Gustav Spiller.

This paper discusses attempts to popularize scientific knowledge about anthropology through exhibitions of natives in the United States and Brazil from the nineteenth century to the beginnings of the twentieth century. In the First Brazilian Anthropological Exposition (Rio de Janeiro, 1882), a group of Botocudos was characterized in a manner that can be related to the reification of the myth of the savage, an important part of the European culture that played a significant role in the construction of anthropological knowledge in the nineteenth century. From the analyses of such exhibitions, we derive implications for science popularization and education, concerning the ideological undertones of scientific knowledge.Analisa tentativas de popularizar o conhecimento científico em antropologia por meio da exibição de nativos nos Estados Unidos e no Brasil, no século XX e no começo do XX. Focaliza a Primeira Exposição Antropológica Brasileira (Rio de Janeiro, 1882), em que foi apresentado um grupo de Botocudos, de modo relacionável à reificação do mito do selvagem, importante componente da cultura europeia e mais especificamente da construção do conhecimento antropológico no Oitocentos. As conclusões concernem à popularização da ciência e, por extensão, à educação em ciência, em especial quanto aos valores ideológicos subjacentes ao conhecimento científico.

During the first half of the twentieth century, Portuguese Colonial anthropology was almost completely centered in biological anthropology. The so called «Escola do Porto» («Oporto School») founded by the well reputed Doctor of Medicine, Professor Mendes Correia, conducted all the Overseas «Anthropological Missions», officially institutionalized by the colonial government. The most well succeeded Research Campaign was coordinated by one of his disciples, Santos Júnior, who was also a Doctor and Lecturer at the Oporto Faculty of Medicine. Between 1937 and 1956, Mozambique Anthropological Mission carried out an extensive anthropometric survey of the African populations from the colony. Ethnology, or basically ethnographic collection, was disregarded, left in the hands of curious dilettantism of the several colonial officers, missionaries, soldiers, administrative technicians, merchants and landowners. The important role assigned to Biological Anthropology in relation with Portuguese colo­nial enterprise is the central issue addressed in this paper. And subsequently, trying to under­stand why, during the second half of the twentieth century, was Biological Anthropology so suddenly substituted by Colonial Ethnology.

During an archaeological investigation of the Žuráň barrow (Moravia, Czech Republic) in the field campaign 1948-1950 a burial chamber was uncovered and labelled No. II. Even though the grave was spoilt by the construction of a great barrow being built above it, a very rich inventory containing pieces of an ivory pyxis, ivory plates, gold fibres, glass receptacles, silver spikes and more artefacts was found. The artefacts discovered were dated to the 5th and 6th century AD. Within the grave a buried female was found. Judging by the richness of the accompanying artefacts the buried woman was a member of the nobility of certain German tribes who had settled in Moravia at this time. Anthropological exploration of her skeletal remains found her left pelvic bone had a very strange quadratic perforation in the centre of left acetabulum. Assessing the acetabular defect by CT screening and by histological exploration of bone tissue showed changes in bone tissue (sclerosis) at the margins of this defect caused by the healing process that had just started. Histological assessment showed just formed healing process connected with formation of granulated tissue interrupted by inflammation process. It meant -- that the woman survived a short time after the accident causing the injury. The origin of the injury is not known, it was probably caused by an accident or by some kind of violent attack. Origination of the injury is subject of further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is the constitution of an interpretative analysis grid of the Rorschach narrative, which will allow to identify and describe the action of the black hole in the borderline pathology. We study the borderline organization in the light of the symbolization disturbances, seeking to articulate the concepts of emptiness, black hole and death instinct as manifestations of the lack of the processes of symbolization and somato-psychic auto-regulation. We translate to the Rorschach technique the main theoretical assumptions which express the action of the black hole (precarious constitution of the background presence of primary identification; traumatic object; failure to going-on-being; predominance of symmetry over asymmetry; reduction of the dimensionality of the mental space, search for the identitary stabilization) and analysed the Rorschach narrative of a borderline subject. We discuss the results obtained through the established analysis parameters, trying to synthesize the characteristics of the psychic space of the subject, and to point out the manifestations of the phenomenon in study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With our work, we intend to elaborate a document of research and support, as well as of orientation for future "appraisers" of the Body Composition, through the Anthropometry and more concretely, the measurement of Skinfolds. This arise because the detailed analysis of the Body Composition allows the quantification of many body components and becomes of extreme importance therefore allows to determine the total and regional amount of body fat (Fragoso and Vieira, 2000). Exists several techniques for the evaluation of the same Body Composition, since direct technique, indirect techniques and doubly indirect techniques. Logically, the direct techniques are more exactly, but unhappyly they are expensive and slow, for that, they become of difficult execution. Thus, the existence of the other techniques becomes very important because are more accessible, as it is the case of the Anthropometry and the measurement of Skinfolds. However, even in this technique exists very cares and procedures, such as the type of used instrument, the places of measurement, etc., that must be had in account, to minimize measure errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Estudo Morfofuncional da Criança Vianense, 1911 elementary school children were measured throughout a four year period, resulting in 4064 individual observations of 6 to 10 year-old children (2054 girls, 2006 boys). The anthropometric variables (height, weight, skinfolds, muscle girth and bone breadth) were used to create percentile reference tables for the local population, and to study their somatotypes in relation to somatic fitness. The results were compared with other national and international studies. Viana's children averaged similar height, weight, muscular girths and bone breadths when compared with other Portuguese studies, but revealed a different growth rhythm and lower weight than the US children. Their skinfolds were also smaller than the reported values for Portugal and for the US. Throughout the elementary school time span, there tended to be an increase in the ectomorphy component for boys, and in the endomorphy for both genders. In conclusion, Viana's children growth characteristics appear to indicate a level of somatic fitness that is far from mirroring today's international concerns regarding this matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyse the existence variability of anthropometric and physiologic characteristics in Rugby players according their game position and competitive level. Methodology: enhances the existence of significant variability in matter of different evaluation parameters subordinated to two ranges of characteristics anthropometric (weight musheight, % of body mass and age) and physiologic (muscular power, maximum aerobic power, speed) according the practice status (professionals, semi- -professional, amateur) and the position in game (forwards, backs). Results: they point with respect to clear differences the anthropometric and physiological level profile of the players, particularly when related to the competitive level. The level half-professional verifies a significant effect of the age in the corporal mass, muscular force, speed, agility and maximum aerobic capacity, with the physiological characteristics of the players to verify an increase in function of the increase of the game level. Conclusions: the results gotten in the different studies for amateur players do not demonstrate linearity what if it must in particular the games with low intensity, with frequency and regularity irregular, of short duration or based in training programs little structuralized or inappropriate. Parameters related with the agility, speed, muscular force and VO2máx present a gradual development in function of the increase of the age and the level the one that the game is practiced. On the other hand, in terms of the position assumed for the player in field, the physiological profile of professional players is similar wants if it deals with advanced wants well of defenses if that the anthropometric variations are in this field particularly well-known. In anthropometrics terms, the practitioners of Rugby present high muscular mass, being the players in the position of advanced older and more weighed than the defenses. Parallel he exists a significant effect of the age and level of game in the corporal mass. The stature differences are however less evidences than you ponder them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which aims to determine and compare the somatotype and body composition of principal soccer referees and assistant soccer referees from the state of Paraná in Brazil. The participants are all working for the Brazilian Soccer Confederation (CBF Confederaçao Brasileira de Futebol). It is concluded that refereeing category was not influenced by the morphological profile of the referees who were analyzed.

Copyright of História, Ciências, Saúde - Manguinhos is the property of Casa de Oswaldo Cruz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the Estudo Morfofuncional da Criança Vianense 1911 elementary school children were measured throughout a four year period, resulting in 4064 individual observations of 6 to 10 year-old children (2054 girls, 2006 boys). The anthropometric variables (height, weight, skinfolds, muscle girth and bone breadth) were used to create percentile reference tables for the local population, and to study their somatotypes in relation to somatic fitness. The results were compared with other national and international studies. Viana's children averaged similar height, weight, muscular girths and bone breadths when compared with other Portuguese studies, but revealed a different growth rhythm and lower weight than the US children. Their skinfolds were also smaller than the reported values for Portugal and for the US. Throughout the elementary school time span, there was atendency to increases in ectomorphy component for boys, and endomorphy for both genders. In conclusion, Viana's children growth characteristics appear to indicate a level of somatic fitness that is far from mirroring today's international concerns regarding this matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine and compare overweight and obesity by two anthropometric criteria, BMI and %Fat, of adults aged 20 to 40 years old. Data were collected from 400 subjects enrolled on distinct exercise training programs in Curitiba, Paraná. Subjects were organized in 4 age groups from age 20 to 40 years old. BMI and %Fat overweight and obesity criteria were those of WHO (2000) and Lohman (1992), respectively. For such, weight, stature and fours skin folds (triceps, subescapula, iliac crest and medial calf) data were collected. The excess of body weight prevalence was significantly higher (p<0.05) for %Fat (66.2%) than for BMI (45.6%) of which 53.2% were overweight and 13% obese. For BMI, the prevalence of overweight and obesity were, respectively, 36.3% and 9.3%. Accordingly to the %Fat diagnostic, a subject between ages 35-39 years old has a 300% and 45% chance of being classified as obese and overweight, respectively, than a subject aged from 20-24 years old. Likewise, for BMI, a subject has a 46% chance of being classified as overweight at the age 30-34 years old than a subject between ages 20-24 years old. This study found a prevalence of excess body weight for one out of three at the moment of enrollment. The risk of obesity, as excess of body weight, can better be identified by %F than BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este trabalho revisa a literatura sobre crescimento físico de populações indígenas do Brasil. Os estudos voltados para caracterização do estado nutricional através da antropometria são relativamente recentes e, ainda, não chegam a prover um quadro claro da situação. Quando comparadas com crianças brasileiras ou com populações-referência internacionais (NCHS), as indígenas são em média de menor estatura e peso, ainda que mantenham a proporcionalidade corporal, avaliada pelo indicador 'peso para estatura'. Estes resultados podem ser interpretados como evidência de altas freqüências de desnutrição energética-protéico crônica. Pelo menos para alguns grupos, dados oriundos de inquéritos de saúde provêem evidências favoráveis à existência de condições nutricionais marginais. É indicado, contudo, que curvas de referências internacionais talvez não sejam adequadas para avaliar o crescimento físico de populações específicas, incluindo as crianças indígenas brasileiras. Chama-se atenção, também, para o fato de que mudanças nas práticas tradicionais de subsistência e nas condições de saúde devido ao processo aculturativo podem contribuir para a deterioração do estado de nutrição das populações indígenas.This paper reviews the literature on the physical growth of native populations from Brazil. Studies aiming at relating the physical growth patterns of these populations to their nutritional status are relatively recent and still do not provide a comprehensive picture of the situation. Compared to non-indigenous Brazilian children and international reference populations (NCHS), indigenous children are short and light for their age, although they maintain their body proportionality, as evaluated by weight for height. These findings could be interpreted as an indication of high rates of chronic protein-energy undernutrition. At least for some groups, data derived from health surveys provide further indication of the existence of marginal nutrition. It is pointed out, however, that international reference curves may not be appropriate for evaluating the physical growth of specific populations, which may be the case of Brazilian indigenous children. It is also pointed out that changes in subsistence practices and in health profiles due to the acculturation process may contribute to the deterioration of nutritional status of indigenous peoples.