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The essential oil of alfavaca (Ocimum gratissimum) contains important compounds, such as 1.8-cineol and eugenol. This study evaluated the effects of diets containing alfavaca essential oil on the zootechnical performance, plasma glucose, leukocyte respiratory activity, haematology, and intestinal histomorphometry in “cachara” (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum) challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. A total of 300 juvenile fish, with an average total length of 14.98 ± 0.28 cm and average weight of 18.84 ± 1.22 g, distributed in 20 tanks of 80 L, were fed twice a day with a diet containing essential oil at 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5% or without its inclusion in five replicates. After 45 days, blood collection and mid-intestinal bowel were sampled, before a challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila was performed. The fish supplemented with 1.0% of essential oil presented better weight gain, mean corpuscular volume, concentration of thrombotic and neutrophils, respiratory activity of leukocytes, and height of villi (p < 0.05) when compared to other groups. The cumulative mortality response was lower for fish fed 1.5% essential oil of alfavaca diets. Thus, the use of alfavaca essential oil is recommended in the diet of cachara catfish (P. reticulatum) at the level of up to 1.0% for 45 days for improvements in the zootechnical, haematological, and intestinal histomorphometric parameters.

This study was aimed at analyzing the effect of using products with ergogenic properties on the women’s performance during anaerobic physical tests. Materials and Methods: A double-blind experimental crossover randomized and controlled study with administration of commercial products or placebo substance was performed. Commercial products containing 2.31 mg.kg-1 of caffeine and 1.88 mg.kg-1 of Citrus aurantium, as well placebo products were administered to 8 women aged 18-30 (21.5 ± 2.1), who were performing strength physical training at least for six months. After sample randomization, four trials were made and the groups were reversed (supplement group and placebo group). The static strength including muscle potency and resistance were evaluated by abdominal resistance tests, flexion and extension of the elbow, vertical jump, lumbar traction and handgrip strength, with the latter two variables assessed by mechanical dynamometer. Results: There was no statistical difference in the performance of women in the anaerobic tests (p>0.05) when the four trials were compared, independent of the supplement use group (GS) or placebo group (GP). Conclusion: In the present study, the recommended dose of commercial products showed a non-significant effect during static strength, potency and muscle strength. Moreover, we suggest that the inexperience of the subjects in performing the proposed tests, particularly the vertical jump, arm flexion and extension, associated to unknown factors, caused no results in relation to performance improvement.

This article discuss a translation problem presented in poetics characterized by the hybridism among languages, as the poetics of being-with, read in texts by Cecília Vicuña. The plot composed by the writer, in I tu (2004), among Spanish, English, Quechua, Guarani, Greek and Latin, provokes both a great challenge for an eventual translation and a questioning about the possibility of thinking a space for the suspension of translation as linguistic transcoding, giving rise to the contact between heterogeneous languages and cultures, whose hierarchical as well as power relations are subverted; it would not be a translation from one language to another, but it would provoke listening to the foreigner in an ethical dimension. The creation of this "other" language is thought of as "heterotopia" (FOUCAULT, 2013), as a counter space for contestation of linguistic hegemony; and from this text turned into literary space, the reader turns himself into a translator, searching for the diction, timbre and rhythm of the foreign languages envolved. Reflection leads to thinking about the relationships between text, translation and performance, from a minimal degree, such as that of the silent reading (ZUMTHOR, 2007), to the poetic performances by Cecília Vicuña. The text read aloud and/or the performance of oral poetry in diverse environments amplifies these spaces of "tradicção" (FLORES and GONÇALVES, 2017), of remission of the letter to the body and of the body to the letter, where, sometimes, the understanding of the text may not be the essential component, but instead the sensitive sharing of a listening time.

O conceito de labirinto é caro à literatura de Julio Cortázar, especialmente em obras como Rayuela e em contos como os reunidos em Bestiario. Como seu leitor, Roberto Bolaño por ora parece manifestar em obras como Amuleto a ressignificação dessa capacidade labiríntica, levando a literatura a outros patamares, nos quais as noções de construção e de destruição da narrativa podem ser associadas tanto à fatalidade de um abismo, quanto a um performativo que envolve o ponto de vista de quem narra. Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar como essas movimentações se dão em ambos os autores e em que medida aproximações e distanciamentos são possíveis dentro desse labirinto maior em que ambos convivem, a literatura latino-americana.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance, carcass, meat and economic viability characteristics of pigs fed Brazilian coproducts of corn ethanol production. A total of 40 finishing pigs were subjected to four levels of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS; 0, 100, 200, or 300 g kg-1) for 28 days, and body weight, daily feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion were measured. After slaughter, the carcass yield, fat thickness, loin eye area, the depth and perimeter of the loin eye, and the pH and temperature at 45 min and 24 h post-mortem, along with the drip loss and color of the Longissimus lumborum were evaluated. The economic viability of the diets was calculated. The inclusion of DDGS showed a quadratic effect on daily feed intake over 0-14 days. Pigs fed with 300 g kg -1 of DDGS showed worse feed conversion than those fed the control diet over 0-7, 0-14 and 0-21 days. The a* color parameter of the meat decreased linearly with increasing DDGS concentration but the other carcass and meat characteristics were not affected. Inclusion of 184.1 g kg -1 of DDGS showed the best economic viability, considering the cost of weight gain. DDGS may be included in pig diets up to 200 g kg -1 without affecting the performance or carcass and meat characteristics, while 300 g kg -1 compromises feed conversion.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of colostrum powder on performance, intestinal morphology, blood biochemical parameters and antioxidant status of broilers in heat stress. In this experiment 224 Ross-308 broiler chicks were used from 1 to 42 days in 5 treatments and 4 replicates (12 birds per replicate) in a completely randomized design. Treatments included: 1) control (without using colostrum), 2) 0.5% of colostrum, 3) 1% of colostrum, 4) 1.5% of colostrum, and 5) 2% of colostrum powder. Colostrum powder was added in first 10 days of broilers breeding period in their diets. Colostrum powder had significant effects on performance, carcass traits and intestinal cells morphology of broilers in heat stress (P < 0.05). In grower period the highest amounts of final body weight and body weight gain were obtained with 2% of colostrum powder. Colostrum powder in contrast to control improved the percentages of gizzard, liver, bursa of fabricious, thighs and breast (P > 0.05). The highest villies, the lowest crypts and the highest ratio of villies/crypts were obtained with colostrum powder adding (P > 0.05). Colostrum powder had no significant effects on blood biochemical parameters and antioxidant status of broilers. The overall resulted showed that in broilers in heat stress condition using colostrum powder up to 2% in starter period has beneficial effects on performance, carcass traits and intestinal morphology of broilers.

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a interação, desempenho e perfil morfológico e funcional do key-player no jogo de Futebol. Materiais e Métodos: Relativamente à avaliação do perfil morfológico e funcional dos jogadores, a amostra abrangeu uma equipa de Futebol 7, escalão Sub-13, composta por 15 jovens futebolistas (11,43 ± 0,64 anos de idade), masculinos, integrados no Campeonato Distrital da Associação de Futebol de Coimbra, referente à temporada 2016/2017. Por seu lado, a análise da interação dos jogadores e da equipa contemplou seis jogos, três realizados em “casa” e três realizados “fora”, alternadamente, com um intervalo de oito dias entre os mesmos. O software VideObserver® permitiu mensurar o nível de interação e desempenho do key-player no decorrer dos jogos. Resultados: Os resultados indicaram a existência de uma grande variabilidade no perfil morfológico e funcional do key-player. Tendo em conta o desempenho e as interações estabelecidas entre jogadores, verificou-se ainda que o key-player foi preponderante na dinâmica da equipa, principalmente no contexto da organização ofensiva. Conclusão: Os dados do presente estudo não confirmam, de forma significativa, que jovens futebolistas mais altos e mais pesados tendam a obter melhor desempenho, vantagem ou melhor nível de interação face aos seus pares. No entanto, conclui-se que o key-player foi essencial na orquestração das interações estabelecidas com os seus colegas de equipa durante os jogos analisados. ABSTRACT Interaction, performance and morphological and functional profile of the key-player in the soccer game - children's stage (under-13) Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the morphological and functional interaction, performance and the profile of young football players. Materials and methods: We analysed 15 young male football players (11,43 ± 0,64 years), age group under 13. Moreover, we performed a morphological evaluation of the players and evaluated their anthropometric, maturational and functional performance data. Through the VideObserver® match analysis software, the level of interaction and key-player performance was measured over 6 games. Results: The results indicate the existence of a great variability in the morphological and functional profile of the key-player. Taking into account the performance and interactions established between players, the results showed that the key player was predominant in the dynamics of the team, especially in the context of their organization. Conclusion: The data in the present study do not clearly confirm that taller and heavier soccer players tend to get better performance, advantage or a better level of interaction in the game against their peers. Finally, it is concluded that the key-player is essential for the orchestration of interactions established with his teammates.

TQM practices have significant impact on customer satisfaction and constitute an effective means to achieve competitive advantage and performance improvement. This work is intended to contribute to the development of theory in TQM by suggesting a causal model between the six core TQM constructs proposed in Malcolm Baldrige Award (leadership, customer focus, strategic planning, relationship with suppliers, human resource management and process management) and a firm’s performance. An extensive review of literature is presented and a TQM model is suggested for future field validation. We conclude that some constructs have an indirect relationship with performance while others have a more direct effect on it. Also, the relationship between TQM constructs are considered to be important and should be empirically investigated. Therefore the model presented will be empirically tested in the future.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the standardized ileal digestible (SID) leucine levels in low crude protein diets on Performance, backfat thickness, longissimus dorsi depth and biochemical blood parameters of starting pigs. A total of 50 pigs, with initial weight of 11.14±0.24 kg; were distributed in a randomized blocks design with five treatments (1.10; 1.25; 1.40; 1.55 and 1.70% SID leucine), five replicates and two animals per experimental unit, comprised for a barrow and a gilt. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) reduced (P=0.018) due to the increasing SID leucine levels, without affecting other growth performance parameters (final weight, average daily feed intake, average daily gain, backfat thickness, longissimus dorsi depth and lean meat percentage). There was a quadratic effect for plasma triglyceride (P=0.049) and plasma urea (P=0.001). The optimal SID leucine levels obtained for triglycerides and urea were 1.16% and 1.24%, respectively, by associating the quadratic model with the Linear Response Plateu. Low crude protein diets with SID leucine levels up to 1.70% improved the feed conversion with desired urea and triglycerides concentration in blood plasmas achieved at 1.16% and 1.24%, respectively.

In Bolivia the productive potato regions, you characterize for an extensive agriculture in blankets (of traditional form), of car subsistence and not much diversified, the little properties for the cultivation of potato possess the greater part of the productive, and they locate at little plots of land that annually they go rotating. The present research work has the objective to make a comparison and to characterize fourteen accessions of native potato of germoplasma's collection, of Agronomic Ingeniería's race, (UPEA). The study carried completion at Kallutaca's experiment station itself, becoming established on the basis of a Design Bloques Complete at random (DBCA) with three repetitions each accession, the second factor is diligent biol's dose, considered himself like a stimulant compound fito, for cultivations, where increments in the capability of photosynthesis and the production allow principal. Whose moral values place between 2.0 2.6% themselves (% in dry material) and that they yielded 3.3 %'s concentration of total N to 3.7%. The analysis of microcomputer Hierro's (132 ppm), Manganeso's, Cobre's and Zinc's presence with 12.1 and 6 ppm detected nutrient in the obtained effluent. Accessions Pole, Sacampaya, Sani imilla, Janq'o, collide, Runic Bola, Q'aysalla and Laramq'aysa had bigger development, the same the remainders have bigger performances they did not have the same incidence. This answer is due to a positive effect of the biol on the performance of tubers in accordance with dose of diligent biol the accessions of native potato where 1 with the application of dose of 25 % of Biol obtained to 10 t.h-1 an equivalent yield.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of levels of choline and digestible methionine + cystine in diets for quail in the laying phase. A total of 280 Japanese laying quail were assigned to one of eight treatments in a completely randomized design in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of dietary supplementation with four levels of choline (0.0, 0.042, 0.084 and 0.126%) and two levels of digestible methionine + cystine (0.857 and 0.685%), with five replicates and seven birds per plot. The experimental period was 84 days, represented by four 21-day evaluation cycles in which quail performance and egg quality were evaluated. There was no interaction effect between the factors for any of the studied variables, except quail weight. The highest tested levels of methionine + cystine and choline supplementation improved egg weight, feed conversion egg mass?1 and yolk percentage. By contrast, albumen percentage decreased linearly as choline inclusion in the diet was elevated. The choline supplementation levels induced a quadratic response from eggshell percentage, whose optimum result was estimated at the choline level of 0.05% in the diet. Egg specific gravity decreased linearly as choline supplementation was increased. The indicated level of digestible methionine + cystine in the diet of Japanese quail in the laying phase is 0.857%, while choline should be supplemented at 0.126%.

This study aimed to assess the combined effect of L-carnitine, chromium propionate, and organic selenium in the diet of pigs at the finishing stage in commercial farms on performance parameters. The sample included 5,456 female and castrated male DB pigs with mean age of 159 days and mean initial weight of 103.33 ± 4.11 kg. The pigs were split into two treatments in a completely randomized design: the control group, free of growth-promoting dietary additives, and the test group, supplemented with Profitilina® (50 mg L-carnitine, 0.2 mg chromium propionate, and 0.3 mg organic selenium kg-1 of feed) for 30 days prior to slaughter. The outcomes assessed were daily weight gain (DWG), daily feed intake (DFI), feed conversion (FC), and final body weight (FBW). An improved performance according to all parameters (P < 0.001) was seen for the test group (2.58 versus 2.64 g day-1 for DFI; 0.76 versus 0.87g day-1 for DWG; 3.42 versus 3.06 for FC; and 125.7 versus 127.7 kg for FBW). Providing a combined dietary supplementation with L-carnitine, chromium propionate, and organic selenium to finishing pigs was effective at improving weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, and final weight.

The goal of this study was evaluate diets (50 or 80% of concentrate) and body biotypes (late or early) on performance, behavior, carcass condition, meat quality, and feed cost estimates in feedlot finishing Guzera beef cattle. Use of concentrates in the diet may improve performance and carcass fat scores in ruminant animals, but Guzera beef cattle may be more efficient in forage conversion, which directly influences the economic viability of the production system. We evaluated 32 non-castrated male Guzera beef cattle at 32±2 months of age. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments and six replicates in a 2 × 2 factorial design (2 diets × 2 body biotypes). Initial and final body weights were 459.4±31.2 kg and 566.7±40.8 kg, respectively. There was no change (P > 0.05) in dry matter intake, feed conversion, or daily weight gain when the concentrate in the diet was increased to 80%. Animals fed a diet with 80% of concentrate spent less time (P < 0.05) ruminating (17.8±6.3 vs. 6.3±2.7% of the assessed time). Body biotype did not alter the variables. The rise from 50 to 80% in the proportion of dietary concentrate increased carcass fat, with positive returns in the production process, even given the reduction in rumination, which can lead to poor welfare of animals consuming 80% of dietary concentrate. Body biotype did not affect the variables studied, but it is worth emphasizing that the age at slaughter of these animals probably influenced this result. Thus, selection of the best diet should be based on feeding cost, and in accordance with the cost estimated in this study, the diet with 80% of concentrate is the most suitable for feedlot finished Guzera beef cattle.

The objective was to determine the digestible tryptophan requirements for male broilers in pre-starter and starter phases. Two experiments using 400 Cobb broilers were performed 200 males in the first experiment for the pre-starter phase (one to seven days old), and 200 males in the second experiment for the starter phase (eight to 21 days old). Chicks were housed in batter boxes made of galvanized steel as an experimental shed. The experiments were performed in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and five replicates, with ten birds each. In both experiments, the tryptophan requirement was determined using diets with different levels of digestible tryptophan. A tryptophan-deficient diet was formulated, as a basal diet, which was supplemented with increased levels of L-tryptophan in order to achieve the desirable digestible tryptophan levels. Treatments consisted of 0.209% (basal diet); 0.223%; 0.235% and 0.248% digestible tryptophan for the pre-starter phase (experiment 1) and 0.187% (basal diet); 0.200%, 0.211% and 0.223% digestible tryptophan for the starter phase (experiment 2). We evaluated feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion, as well as the metabolizability of feed nutrients. The performance and metabolic data were subjected to analysis of variance, and estimates of digestible tryptophan levels were made through polynomial regression models at 5% probability. There was no significant difference between the digestible tryptophan levels in the diet over performance and digestibility in both treatments. It is possible to conclude that the basal diet with 0.209% digestible tryptophan for the pre-starter phase and 0.187% for the starter phase, at a tryptophan: lysine ratio of 16%, as sufficient to meet the broilers requirements.

Three hundred and twenty-four DeKalb White laying hens aged 42 weeks were distributed in a completely randomised design with nine treatments and six replicates of six birds in each treatment. The experiment lasted 112 days. Diets were: T1 = 16.02% crude protein - CP [Met + Lys + Thr + Trp + Val]; T2 = 14.02% CP [Met + Lys + Thr + Trp + Ile + Val]; T3 = 14.02% CP [no amino acid supplementation]; T4 = 14.02% CP [Met + Lys + Thr + Trp]; T5 = 14.02% CP [Met + Lys + Thr]; T6 = 14.02% CP [Met]; T7 = 14.02% CP [Lys]; T8 = 14.02% CP [Thr]; T9 = 14.02% CP [Trp]. Regarding the quality of the eggs, the percentage of yolk and albumen, shell thickness and Haugh unit were not affected by the different diets. The percentage of shell, specific gravity and albumen height showed significant differences. We found that supplementation of only one amino acid in the diet (T7, T8 or T9), with the exception of methionine (T6), worsened performance relative to the control. Supplementation of three amino acids (methionine, lysine and threonine; T5) or four amino acids (methionine, lysine, threonine and tryptophan; T4) worsened egg production and conversion per mass and per dozen eggs; however, feed intake and egg weight and mass were similar to the control treatment. When all amino acids (methionine, lysine, threonine, tryptophan, isoleucine and valine; T2) were supplemented performance was similar to the control treatment in all variables. Supplementation of methionine, lysine and threonine is essential for birds in the laying phase; however the addition of six essential amino acids (lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, valine and isoleucine) to the diet of laying hens is important for a good productive performance comparable with the control treatment T1. However, the inclusion of the latter two (isoleucine and valine) is justified only if the production cost is lower.

Este trabalho traz uma leitura da novela O mandarim, de Eça de Queirós, tendo em vista um diálogo com o Fausto, de Goethe. Inspirado pela canônica obra alemã, o escritor português recria o pacto fáustico de forma paródica, mesclando realidade e fantasia. Buscando apontar em que medida essas obras se aproximam e se distanciam entre si, analisamos os protagonistas e também de que forma o Diabo aparece representado em ambas. O diálogo com o texto bíblico também está presente, porém de forma muito mais crítica e irônica na novela queirosiana.

Three experiments were carried out to determine the nutritional values and evaluate the performance of piglets fed on canola meal. In experiment I, a digestibility assay was conducted using fourteen barrow pigs, with an initial body weight of 20.62±3.30 kg. The evaluated feedstuff was canola meal, with a level of 250 g/kg in the basal diet (corn + soybean meal-based). The experimental unit consisted of one pig, with a total of seven experimental units per diet. The values as (fed basis) of digestible (DE) and metabolizable (ME) energy of canola meal were 2,995 kcal/kg and 2,796 kcal/kg, respectively. In experiment II, ileal digestibility assays were carried out to determine the apparent and true ileal digestibility coefficient and digestible amino acids. Three crossbred pigs were used, with a BW of 38.6±1.98 kg. The treatments consisted of two diets, with a single source of protein (canola meal) and one protein-free diet (OFD). The values of digestible amino acids in canola meal were as follows: lysine: 11.8 g/kg; methionine+cystine: 9.1 g/kg; threonine: 7.9 g/kg; tryptophan: 2.4 g/kg; leucine: 15.7 g/kg; and isoleucine: 8.7 g/kg. In experiment III, 60 piglets (BW= 15.08±0.72 kg to 30.26±2.78 kg) were allotted in a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of four diets with increasing levels of canola meal (50, 100, 150 and 200 g/kg), six replicates and experimental unit consisted of two pigs. Additionally, a control diet was formulated containing 0.0 g/kg CM. Regression analysis indicates that there was no effect (P?0.05) of the level of canola meal inclusion on pigs performance. The performance results suggest that it is feasible to use up to 200 g/kg of canola meal in starting pigs diet, without impairing performance and the feeding cost.

This paper’s main goal is to understand the impact of control systems on the relationship between a salesperson’s effort and their performance. The control systems have two perspectives: outcome and behavior. The difference between them is how a salesperson is evaluated in regards to their job. If the sales manager is only concerned with sales results, the control system is based on outcome. However, if the sales manager is concerned with a salesperson’s capacities, abilities and knowledge, the control system is based on behavior. Based on the theories developed by Anderson and Oliver (1987) and Oliver and Anderson (1994), we proposed a theoretical framework to explain sales performance, positioning the control system as a moderating variable. We undertook two descriptive field investigations to test the proposed model’s hypotheses for pharmaceutical sales representatives and car dealer salespersons. We estimated four regression equations to test the hypotheses. The first conclusion is that the perception of product innovation by salespeople actually influences the launch of new products. The second conclusion showed that salesperson effort has a negative relationship with performance. Third, we demonstrated the moderating effect control systems have on the relationship between salesperson experience and sales efforts.

Das diferentes acepções sobre o conceito de paisagem e dos modos de percepcioná-la em processos de criação, esse ensaio pretende visitar algumas ações do fotógrafo e performer brasileiro Rodrigo Braga observando possibilidades de contato que transpõem modos contemplativos e distanciados para a construção de uma relação í­ntima com os espaços

Este artigo tem a intenção de elaborar a práxis psicanalítica com crianças submetidas a experiências de forte impressão devido à condição precária de simbolização, a partir de uma interlocução entre psicanálise e arte. Para compreender melhor a importância desse diálogo, foi utilizado o filme O menino e o mundo, de forma a relacionar tal objeto de arte com o conceito central do trabalho, a saber, a repetição e sua relação com a constituição psíquica atravessada pela cultura. Abordaremos possibilidades de atualização e tratamento da cena traumática pelo sujeito através da performance.

Neste artigo, parto da experiência com abordagens somáticas do movimento no Bacharelado em Dança da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria para propor uma discussão acerca das implicações pedagógicas e artísticas dessa escolha. Explicito meu ponto de vista enquanto professora e artista, bem como minha compreensão do uso das abordagens somáticas na dança, e convido a uma incursão na experiência dos alunos. Sob o enquadramento da performance como paradigma analítico, articulado à perspectiva da Soma-Estética, aponto alguns caminhos proporcionados por tal escolha na promoção de práticas pedagógicas emancipatórias e na ampliação das possibilidades artísticas dos bailarinos.

In this article, I started from the experience of somatic approaches to movement at the undergraduate dance course of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria to propose a discussion about the pedagogical and artistic implications of this choice. I explain my point of view as a teacher and artist, as well as my understanding of the use of somatic approaches to dance, and explore the students’ experiences. Within the framework of performance as an analytical paradigm, articulated from the viewpoint of Somaesthetics, I point out some ways provided by such a choice in promoting emancipatory pedagogical practices and expanding the artistic possibilities of dancers.

Este artigo busca refletir sobre a relação entre música e religião na construção da performance musical em contextos da cultura popular, apresentando uma abordagem analítica sobre as diferentes perspectivas de exercício da devoção por parte dos agentes rituais e sua influência na performance. Nesse direcionamento, tomo como base uma discussão teórica relativa ao tema em campos interdisciplinares ligados à etnomusicologia, bem como a experiência de pesquisa realizada com dois grupos de Congado na cidade de Bocaiuva/MG. Com base no estudo empírico realizado e na reflexão desenvolvida ao longo do texto foi possível concluir que os diferentes espaços, perspectivas e atuações dos agentes rituais produzem relações conflituosas que têm construído a performance musical dos grupos. Desse modo, a performance apresenta-se como resultante do processo de negociação de concepções do sagrado por parte dos agentes.

Objective: This study examined the effects of public spending on the delivery of public policy. For this, we selected health policy, in Minas Gerais. The programmatic action chosen was the Programa de Redução da Mortalidade Infantil e Materna em Minas Gerais, also called Programa Viva Vida, from the resources involved in implementing this policy. Methods: It was analyzed the initial and final years of 2002 and 2009. The methodology consists of two separate tools. The first tool is through the analysis of indicators. The second tool used was data envelopment analysis (DEA) in the analysis of efficiency. Data on health care delivery were obtained from the Departamento de Informática do SUS (DATASUS). The data used were collected in October 2011. Results: The results suggest a specific increase access to maternal and child health activities in the municipalities of the state, but with the maintenance of inequalities between regions of the state. Conclusions: The resources invested, the study suggests, encouraged the expansion of access to a process that has not undergone change. The result is proportional to the maintenance of newborns with low birth weight and / or prematurity and maternal deaths.

There are certain differences in how women and how men speak, and there are even more stereotypes. Thefocus of analysis is on how Flipa, a female character played by a man in the programme El hormiguero, is perceived by men and women, comparing a Spanish-speaking and a Swiss audience. The study consists of a quantitative and a qualitative analysis of a survey about Flipa’sperception. Formen,Flipa’s performance is more convincing than for women. Furthermore, the Swiss participants not only judge Flipa on the axis women-men, but here stereotypes about Spanish people also come into play.

This study analyzed the anthropometric and morphological characteristics of the adult male players in the Brazilian volleyball team for 11 years. The sample comprised 92 athletes selected for the national team from 1995 to 2005. Anthropometric measures were collected and body composition and somatotype components were estimated. Oneway ANOVA and the Bonferroni test were used for descriptive statistical analysis, and the level of significance was set at p

The relationship between the degree of internationalization and performance of multinational corporations (MNCs) has been widely studied in international business literature. However, most studies have been performed with companies from developed countries. In order to contribute to the development of the theory of internationalization-performance, this study examines this relationship in the universe of MNCs from developing economies. The main objective of this study is to analyze if these MNCs’ international expansion strategies are being translated in an efficient and effective way in terms of managing company business. Our sample includes 33 of the 100 most highly internationalized multinational companies (MNCs) from developing economies, and the information was collected over a 6 year period (2004-2009). Data were obtained from two sources: (a) the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD); and (b) Thomson Reuters Datastream. Multiple regression analysis, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method, and panel data analysis found a negativelinear relationship between the degree of internationalization and developing economy MNC performance,indicating that the higher the degree of internationalization, the lower MNC performance tends to be.

This paper examines if a firm’s alliances affect the persistence of its financial performance. The literature suggests two conflicting views concerning this effect. In particular, access to resources and innovation and the risk of imitation from alliances can have different impacts on performance. In our empirical analysis, based on a panel of 509 firms covering the years 1992 to 2002, return on assets was regressed on the number of alliances and other control variables using hierarchical linear modeling. Results support the positive view of alliances as mechanisms to sustain competitive advantage and escape from competitive disadvantage through access to external, valuable resources held by other firms. Alliances also help firms to constantly innovate and buffer themselves from external shocks that erode existing advantages. Our results, however, may be specific to the period and the institutional context under consideration and we do not distinguish between types, purposes and “strength” of alliances. We contribute to the debate about profit persistence by examining one particular factorthat has been neglected in the literature: the extent to which firms engage in alliances with other actors. From a managerial perspective, our study shows that alliances can be used as an effective tool to support superior performance or avoid lock-in into inferior performance.

Neste ensaio em primeira pessoa, analiso o conto de minha autoria “Petaluma”, narrativa cujo narrador-personagem se chama Tiago Velasco (mesmo nome do autor do livro). Por meio de uma epistemologia construtivista, posiciono-me como um observador de segunda ordem para desvelar as estratégias narrativas utilizadas em busca de determinados efeitos. Ao deixar claro que todo objeto é uma construção do observador e de onde esses objetos – o conto e este ensaio – foram construídos, assumo a parcialidade da minha reflexão e, também, a pretensão de não fechamento de sentido. Para isso, primeiramente, o ensaio apresenta quem constrói a reflexão, o lugar de fala; posteriormente, apresento uma leitura possível de “Petaluma”, como uma narrativa híbrida – no que se refere à ficcionalidade e à referencialidade autobiográfica – do sofrimento

Este artigo se propõe a analisar a peça As aves da noite, de Hilda Hilst. As aves da noite, peça de 1968, tematiza o Holocausto judeu na Segunda Guerra Mundial. O enredo do texto gira em torno da figura do Padre Maximilian Kolbe, voluntário para morrer no chamado ‘Porão da fome’, em lugar de outro preso pela SS. A elaboração das personagens, bem como seus diálogos ressoam a questão adorniana sobre que tipo de poesia é possível após Auschwitz. Através do seu teatro lírico e de rubricas específicas para a criação do cenário, Hilst propõe o incômodo não apaziguável, com a experiência de isolamento do espectador/leitor.

Noncircular chainrings and novel pedal to crank interfaces have been designed to optimize variables related to cycling performance (e.g. peak crank torque and efficiency), with conflicting results in terms of performance. Therefore, the aim of the present article was to review the theoretical background of noncircular chainrings and novel pedal to crank interfaces and their effects on biomechanical, physiological and performance variables. Reducing internal work, crank peak torque, and time spent at the top and bottom dead centres (12 o’clock and 6 o’clock positions, respectively) were among the various targets of noncircular chainrings and novel pedal to crank interface design. Changes in joint kinematics without effects on muscle activation were observed when cyclists were assessed using noncircular chainrings and novel pedal to crank interfaces. Conflicting results for economy/efficiency explain the unclear effects of noncircular chainrings on cycling performance and the positive effects of some novel pedal to crank interfaces on cycling economy/efficiency.

This theoretical paper discusses the concept of competitive advantage by identifying the challenges the field ofbusiness strategy faces in obtaining a precise and operational definition that links the concept to firmperformance. Starting by the analysis and consolidation of literature in the area, we explicitly display the gapsand lack of differentiation between the constructs of competitive advantage and performance. This paperprovides a definition based on the superior creation of value, with value defined as the difference betweencustomers’ willingness to pay and suppliers’ opportunity cost. This definition suggests that the value created canbe divided into three parts: the value appropriated by the firm, the customers’ surplus, and the suppliers’ surplus.Each part has implications for firm performance: while the appropriated value reveals the profit level, the valuenot appropriated can be translated into growth and operational performance. Regarding the operationalization ofcompetitive advantage, we discuss aspects related to comparison between firms and the temporal observation ofthe event. As the main result of this discussion, we explore the causal logic between competitive advantage andperformance and conclude that competitive advantage cannot be depicted by the observation of a uniquevariable, as it is imprecise and does not measure the extent of impacts strategic decisions have.

ResumoThis review aims at addressing the main issues related to genetic improvement applied to fish species with zootechnical potential, such as selection, genetic parameters and use of biotechnology as well as address the importance of this area of study for the expansion of aquaculture and its development trend. Fish breeding is one of the most important areas of study for fish production development. Important techniques are applied in order to advance genetic progress in fish breeding (e.g., individual selection, genetic parameters estimation and the use of biotechnology). Traditional breeding in fish farming has been conducted mainly through biometric analysis, which helps in choosing selection criteria and in the assessment of genetic parameters such as heritability and correlations between interesting traits. The use of biotechnology in fish breeding has been successful; it is an important strategy that allows breeding results to be achieved faster, although at a greater cost than traditional breeding. Fish breeding in Brazil is currently in its initial stages; however, it is a field with great growth expectations, and there is still significant research to be conducted in this area.AbstractEsta revisão tem como objetivo a abordagem dos principais aspectos relacionados ao melhoramento genético aplicado em espécies de peixes com potencial zootécnico, tais como seleção, parâmetros genéticos e utilização da biotecnologia, bem como abordar a importância desta área de estudos para a ampliação da aquicultura e sua tendência de desenvolvimento. O melhoramento genético é uma das áreas prioritárias de estudo para o desenvolvimento da produção de peixes. Assim, importantes técnicas são aplicadas visando à obtenção de progresso genético no melhoramento de peixes, como por exemplo, a seleção individual, a estimativa de parâmetros genéticos e o uso da biotecnologia. O melhoramento genético tradicional na piscicultura tem sido realizado, principalmente, por intermédio de análises biométricas, que contribuem para a escolha dos critérios de seleção e para a estimativa de parâmetros genéticos, como a herdabilidade e as correlações. A utilização da biotecnologia no melhoramento de peixes tem sido notável para a piscicultura, a qual é caracterizada como uma importante estratégia que permite que sejam alcançados resultados mais rápidos no melhoramento, embora os seus custos sejam maiores quando comparados aos métodos tradicionais. O melhoramento genético de peixes no Brasil está em uma fase inicial e corresponde a um campo de grande aumento de expectativas, havendo ainda muitos estudos a serem realizados nesta área.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the use of diets with different levels of inclusion of water for pigs in the weaning phase by digestibility and performance parameters. We established three treatments, corresponding to (T1) basal dry and mash diet, (T2) basal diet with the inclusion of water in the ratio of 1:1 (1kg water for 1kg feed) and (T3) ratio of 2:1 (2kg water for 1kg feed). In the digestibility experiment, 12 piglets with average weight of 19.09 ± 2.88 kg were used. The experimental design for the metabolism trial was completely randomized with three treatments and four replications. In the performance evaluation, 36 crossbred commercial line pigs, 18 females and 18 castrated males, with initial weight of 12.32 ± 1.4 kg, were used in a completely randomized design with three treatments and six replications, totaling 18 experimental units, with each replicate consisting of a castrated male and one female. Diets with different levels of inclusion of water did not influence (P> 0.05) (P value) animal performance and digestibility; however, the rate of metabolization of crude protein was higher (P

This paper argues that 'heritage' is not an object, place or intangible event, but rather it is a performance or cultural process concerned with negotiating, creating and re-creating cultural memories, values and meanings. This process is obscured by the Authorized Heritage Discourse (AHD). The paper critically analyses the AHD and draws on three case studies from England to illustrate some of the cultural work that the heritage performance undertakes.

Serum creatine kinase (CK) concentration has been widely used as an indicator of skeletal muscle damage in sports. However, there are no longitunal studies on post-game CK kinetics in Soccer during a competitive season. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum CK kinetics in professional Soccer players at different post-game times during a competitive season without training interruption. Seventeen professional soccer players (age: 22.2±3.1 years, height: 179±6.0 cm, body fat percentage: 9.5±1.1, and 67.0±3.5 mL O2/kg/min) were evaluated over a period of 3 months of the national championship. Serum CK concentration was measured before the beginning of the season (baseline) and at four different times after a soccer game (post-1: 12-20 h, post-2: 36-48 h, post-3: 60-65 h, and post-4: 90-110 h). Plasma CK concentrations were higher at all times when compared to baseline (p

Although soccer and futsal are sports with similar motor actions, the differences in size and match dynamics result in distinct physiological requirements. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare parameters of aerobic capacity between professional soccer and futsal athletes. A total of 553 ergospirometric evaluations were performed: 367 soccer players (32 goalkeepers, 335 on-court players) and 186 futsal athletes (22 goalkeepers, 164 on-court players). The results were analyzed separately for each modality (comparison between goalkeepers and on-court players) and compared between soccer and futsal athletes. Soccer and futsal goalkeepers presented lower maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), second ventilatory threshold (VT2), and speed to reach these thresholds than on-court players of the respective modalities. Soccer goalkeepers were superior in terms of these parameters when compared to futsal goalkeepers. No differences in VO2max or VT2 were observed between soccer and futsal on-court players, although soccer athletes reached the thresholds at higher speeds. In conclusion, soccer and futsal goalkeepers present lower aerobic capacity than on-court players. Soccer players show better performance in aerobic tests than futsal athletes

This article discusses the relationship between dance theater and video documentary, from a somatic perspective. Somatics is understood as a method of body work (education and therapy) and aesthetic creation. In this video-choreographic process, it associates Performance Studies, Laban/Bartenieff Movement Analysis, and Psychoanalysis, delineating concepts such as Performativity, Dramaturgy of Contrasts, Dynamicity, Rhythm, Principles in Movement, Integration, Dynamic Pause, and body image. In a somatic duet of consciousness and memory, the performer becomes simultaneouslysubject and object, mover and observer, artist-creator and researcher-analyst, rediscovering his/her creative autonomy in the contemporary context of constant transformation.

This study was carried out to evaluate the sodium and electrolyte balance levels in piglets´ diets, maintained in high temperature (35ºC) environment. A total of 50 piglets (from 8.32 ± 0.90 kg to 25.14 ± 0.77 kg) were used, distributed into a randomized block design, with five treatments (0.136, 0.276, 0.415, 0.555 and 0.695% of sodium, corresponding to 131, 192, 253, 313 and 374 mEq/kg of electrolyte balance), five replicates and two pigs per replicate. The sodium and electrolyte balance levels of the diets did not influence (P>0.05) the final weight, daily feed intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion, daily feces production and urine pH of piglets. The daily urine production and fecal pH increased linearly with the increase of the sodium and electrolyte balance levels of the diet. It was concluded that the level of 0.136% sodium, equivalent to 131 mEq electrolyte balance per kg of diet, meets the requirements of piglets from 8 to 25 kg, maintained on high temperature environment.

This study identified the agglomeration effect of firms classified in the same economic activity on the rate of growth of local employment. Data on all industrial firms located in State of São Paulo and included in the Government’s Annual List of Social Information over a ten-year period (1996-2005) were collected. Some 263,020 observations on the number of jobs corresponding to 26,231 combinations of municipalities and 296 economic activities were analyzed. To identify the local economic agglomerations, two sets of criteria (Puga, 2003; Suzigan, Furtado, Garcia, & Sampaio, 2003) were used. A growth curve model, using a multilevel model was developed with the Hierarchical Linear Models [HLM] software. The results showed a positive relationship between agglomeration of firms in the same economic activity and employment growth. Considering the expected positive externalities due to agglomeration of similar firms in the same municipality, the results suggest that firms located in an agglomeration can have higher growth rates than their counterparts located outside the agglomeration. The results are interesting and relevant to the individual firm but also to the support of public policy regarding regional development at the municipal level. The findings support previous case studies, giving robustness to theory.

RESUMO: Analisando as formas e conteúdos das apresentações dos índios e escritores indígenas contemporâneos no I Sarau das Poéticas Indígenas, este artigo trata da dificuldade de abordagens mais tradicionais da teoria dos gêneros em abarcar as narrativas indígenas e analisa como esta “crise” contribui para a ampliação das abordagens ocidentais e hierárquicas. Num palco aberto para a expressão contemporânea indígena, que é o Sarau, são os conceitos de performance e estórias contadas, com função social de manutenção datradição, aprendizado continuado e transformação, que melhor definem esta expressão indígena. ABSTRACT: By analyzing the forms and contents of the presentations made by indigenous performers and writers at the I Literary Party of Indigenous Poetics, this article exposes the challenges faced by traditional genre theories in tackling indigenous narratives and analyses how this “crisis” contributes to widening hierarchical and Western biased conceptions. On a stage open to contemporary indigenous expression, as is the literary party, the concepts ofperformance and storytelling, with the social function of maintaining tradition, continuous learning and transformation, better define this indigenous expression.

The purpose of this text is to analyze, based on different viewpoints, the work by Efigênia Rolim, a 70-year-old artist, who creates objects and stories from scrap. This work is based on literature and sociological theories as well as on the concept of performance which stems from the performing arts, helping with the understanding as well as with the possibility of classification of the artist’s creation. As an extension of the debate on the interface between the old age transformations and the traditional narrator (BELMAIA; DANTAS; 2007), narrative and experience aspects will be dealt with (as defined by W. Benjamin), connected to the history of verbal narrative in Brazil. Based on sociological theories it is intended to outline how the 20th century culture marginalized the elderly, changing their role from a narrator to a passive consumer. Finally, the singularity of Efigênia Rolim’s work, contrary to the current trends, is considered a proof that the traditional narrator has not disappeared and that he/she can still be considered an agent of transformation and construction of new cultural horizons.Este texto tem como intuito pensar, sob olhares distintos, o trabalho de Efigênia Rolim, que, com setenta e sete anos, cria objetos e estórias a partir de sucatas. Para tanto, recorremos à teorias literárias, à teorias sociológicas e ao conceito de performance. O conceito de performance, advindo das artes cênicas, auxilia na compreensão e na possibilidade de classificação da criação da artista. Ampliando a discussão sobre a interface entre as transformações da velhice e do narrador tradicional (que se encontra em BELMAIA; DANTAS, 2007), abordaremos aspectos da narração e experiência (como definidos por W. Benjamin) vinculados a história da literatura oral do Brasil. Com o auxílio de teorias sociológicas, procuramos esboçar como a cultura do século XX marginalizou o velho, o destituiu do papel de narrador e o tornou um consumidor passivo. Por fim, situamos, na contramão das atuais correntes, a singularidade do trabalho de Efigênia Rolim, que pode se constituir na prova de que o narrador tradicional não desapareceu e que ainda pode ser um agente de transformação e construção de novos horizontes culturais.

There is an ongoing concern among managers and scholars: how can firms develop trust and achieve performance? Our paper aims to review the emerging perspective of trust and propose mechanisms to build trust in channel relationships. In the literature, we identified six mechanisms: calculative, affective, belief, embeddedness, continuity and capability. A central hypothesis focuses on the direct impact of these mechanisms on firm performance. We conducted a survey (n=132) in the Brazilian Distribution Market of agrochemical products. OLS regression estimation was employed to test the hypothesis. Results show the impact of the mechanisms of calculative, affective, belief on performance. The findings highlight that, even though environment leads to suspicion and doubts, managers seek trust relationships and try to develop them using a combination of few mechanisms to overcome difficulties and perform well.

The objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between the sporting performance and mood states of high performance volleyball athletes. Twenty-three adult athletes of both sexes were assessed. The measurement instrument adopted was the POMS questionnaire.1 Data collection was carried out individually during the state championships. Dada were analyzed using descriptive statistics; the Friedman test for analysis of variance and the Mann-Whitney test for differences between means. The results demonstrated that both teams exhibited the mood state profi le corresponding to the “iceberg” profi le. In the male team, vigor remained constant throughout all phases of the competition, while in the female team this element was unstable. The male team’s fatigue began low, during the training phase, with rates that rose as the competition progressed, with statistically significant differences between the first and last matches the team played. In the female team, the confusion factor, which was at a high level during training, reduced progressively throughout the competition, with a difference that was significant to p ≤ 0.05. With relation to performance and mood profile, the female team exhibited statistically significant differences between the mean vigor and fatigue factors of high and low performance athletes. It is therefore concluded that the mood state profi le is a factor that impacts on the motor performance of these high performance teams. Resumo Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar a relação entre desempenho esportivo e o estado de humor de atletas de voleibol de alto rendimento. Foram avaliados 23 sujeitos de ambos os sexos da categoria adulta. O instrumento de medida utilizado foi o questionário POMS1. A coleta dos dados foi realizada de forma individual, durante o campeonato estadual. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se a estatística descritiva, o teste de Friedman para análise de variância e o de Mann-Whitney para diferença de médias. Os resultados evidenciaram que ambas as equipes apresentaram o perfil de estado de humor correspondente ao perfil iceberg. Na equipe masculina, o vigor permaneceu constante durante todas as fases da competição, enquanto na feminina esse fator mostrou-se instável; o fator fadiga, na equipe masculina, apresentou, na fase de treino, índices baixos, que aumentaram com o progresso da competição, mostrando diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre o primeiro e o último jogo da equipe; na equipe feminina o fator confusão, que na fase de treino teve índice alto, baixou progressivamente durante a competição, apresentando diferença significativa para p ≤ 0.05. Em relação ao desempenho e ao perfil de estado de humor, a equipe feminina apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os valores médios nos fatores vigor e fadiga para os atletas de baixo e médio desempenho. Assim, conclui-se que o perfil de estado de humor se apresentou como um fator interveniente no desempenho motor destas equipes de alto rendimento.

In theaftermath of civil conflict and a truth commission into twenty years of violence (19802000), Peru is presently engaged in the difficult task of establishing overarching narratives that provide frameworks for organizing personal and collective memories in the few public spaces available for the discussion of this recent past. This article looks at two public spaces, a series of performative events in Ayacucho duringthe submission of the truth commission's Final Report, and Lima's memorysite, The Eye that Cries. One contentious memory is over who are appropriate victims and heroes to remember.

O presente trabalho apresenta uma proposta de reflexão a respeito do grupo social identificado como Otaku que é composto por jovens que se interessam pela cultura pop japonesa e seus mais diferentes aspectos, tais como animês (desenhos animados), mangás (histórias em quadrinhos), cosplays (jovens que escolhem determinado personagem da cultura pop japonesa e caracterizam-se como tal para as convenções e eventos). Neste grupo, o estabelecimento de relações sociais acontece através de encontros e eventos específicos onde a diversão é um dos pontos centrais. A partir desta compreensão inicial cabe um momento de reflexão a respeito da relação destes indivíduos multifacetados com o debate sobre gênero e sexualidade, onde este trabalho buscará explicitar as experiências vivenciadas no campo refletindo sobre as temáticas de gênero, sexualidade, dominação, submissão e agência.

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