84 results on '"Palm oil"'
Search Results
2. Adersan: o dendê na Bahia e no âmbito sagrado do Candomblé.
- Author
-
dos Santos Portela, Pablo Luís and Simon Factum, Ana Beatriz
- Subjects
LITERATURE reviews ,CLASSIFICATION ,CULTURAL identity ,NATIONAL emblems ,MATERIAL culture ,IMAGINATION - Abstract
Copyright of Odeere is the property of Edicoes UESB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. O Dendê, a Bahia, as políticas de desenvolvimento, o racismo e seus paradoxos.
- Author
-
Souza dos Santos, André
- Subjects
PALM oil industry ,RECOLLECTION (Psychology) ,AGRICULTURAL processing ,AGRICULTURE ,CONSCIOUSNESS - Abstract
Copyright of Odeere is the property of Edicoes UESB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Physicochemical and sensory evaluation of the quality of crude palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) produced artisanally and industrially in Brazil
- Author
-
Gabriel BeneditoRozendo Bomfim, Wilton Amaral dos Santos, Luciane Santos Sousa, Pedro Paulo Lordelo Guimarães Tavares, and Maria Eugênia de Oliveira Mamede
- Subjects
Quality control ,Instrumental color ,Palm oil ,Artisanal product ,Acceptance test. ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
Palm oil is primarily used in the crude form in northeastern Brazil's cuisine. Most of its production is carried out by small manufacturers, who use the profits from sales as a subsidy to supplement their family income. Evaluating the physicochemical and sensory quality of palm oil is essential to help producers develop higher-quality artisanal products. This study aimed to analyze samples of crude palm oil produced and sold in the city of Taperoá (BA) and other industrialized brands sold in Salvador (BA). Seven palm oil samples underwent physicochemical analysis (acidity, carotenoid content, instrumental color, iodine value, peroxide value, Kreis reaction, saponification value) and sensory analysis (acceptance and ranking tests). Our findings revealed significant variation in the evaluated parameters, with most samples showing inadequate results for the regulatory parameters of acidity and iodine values, as well as unsatisfactory results for carotenoids and the Kreis reaction across all samples. Variations in color analysis were likely associated with differences in carotenoid content among the samples. The acceptance tests showed that most samples scored above average for all evaluated characteristics, except for the industrial sample from Taperoá (sample 06), which showed the lowest averages for color (4.5), odor (5.2), viscosity (3.2), and overall impression (4.3). In the ranking test, sample 02 from artisanal production (Taperoá-BA) was the most preferred in all categories, while sample 06 from industrial production (Nazaré-BA) was the least preferred in all categories. These results indicate opportunities for improving both traditional and industrial crude palm oil production methods, which could lead to an increase in income for the population that depends on this product.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Economic performance of high-energy diets and supplementation with chromium propionate or calcium salts of palm oil in ewes’ production
- Author
-
Fernanda Ferreira dos Santos, Luciano Brochine, Rafael Araújo Nacimento, Flávia Mallaco Moreira, Augusto Hauber Gameiro, and Sarita Bonagurio Gallo
- Subjects
economy ,palm oil ,profitability ,reproduction ,sheep ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
ABSTRACT The experiment aimed to analyze the economic viability of using high-energy diets and the supplementation of chromium propionate or calcium salts of palm oil in the diet of ewes from the late gestation until the end of lactation. Seventy-two ewes of Santa Ines × Dorper crossbreeds were allocated to five treatments: CTL (n = 14) with 100% of NRC recommendation for metabolizable energy per kg dry matter intake (ME/kg DMI), LOW (n = 14) with 90% ME/kg DMI, HIGH (n = 15) with 110% ME/kg DMI, Cr (n = 15) HIGH diet plus chromium propionate, and FAT (n = 14) HIGH diet plus calcium salts of palm oil. Based on the performance data, a short-term analysis was performed for a module of 1000 ewes, evaluating costs, revenues, and profitability, and long-term analysis was performed by an additional cash flow of 120 months. The CTL and FAT treatments were not viable due to higher costs and lower revenues, and they also had a negative net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR). The LOW treatment, despite lower costs and positive profitability, had a negative NPV (-$872.90) and IRR (1.85%) that was below the discount rate, making it unprofitable in the long run. The HIGH and Cr treatments were considered feasible because they had lower unit costs and higher profitability, in addition to a high NPV ($64,894.11 and 104,902.05, respectively) and a higher IRR (9.03% and 13.65%, respectively) than the discount rate. The use of high-energy diets, with added chromium propionate, promoted better performance and, consequently, better economic return.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Processes of land appropriation for large-scale oil palm development in West Kalimantan, Indonesia
- Author
-
Albert Hasudungan and Jeffrey Neilson
- Subjects
palm oil ,kalimantan ,land ,political ecology ,indonesia ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
This study examines the processes of negotiation through which agribusiness investors are gaining access to large areas of land for oil palm plantations within the Kapuas Hulu district of West Kalimantan in Indonesia. Kapuas Hulu is at the forefront of current oil palm expansion in Indonesia, making this a revealing case-study of current practices at Indonesia’s oil palm frontier. In their book, Powers of Exclusion, Hall, Hirsh and Li. (2011) describe the complex interplay of processes that are assembled to effectively exclude some actors from accessing land while privileging others. In Indonesia, these powers are applied to explain how investors access plantation land for a fraction of its market value. This study presents the complexities of institutional interplays among different actors that negotiate land dispossession across three village environments, each at different stages of engagement with the palm oil industry. In Kapuas Hulu, agribusiness corporations often gain land access with the support of customary elites, causing tensions within many Dayak Iban communities. Yet, informal modes of organisation, centred on the traditional longhouse social structures, also collide with the powers of exclusion, to produce sites of resistance.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Caracterização físico-química dos cachos e composição do óleo em progênie do retrocruzamento (caiaué x dendezeiro) x dendezeiro.
- Author
-
Lopes, Ricardo, Antoniassi, Rosemar, Vieira Cunha, Raimundo Nonato, Eduardo Wilhelm, Allan, and Ferreira Faria-Machado, Adelia
- Subjects
- *
SATURATED fatty acids , *UNSATURATED fatty acids , *OIL palm diseases & pests , *OIL palm , *PALMITIC acid , *VEGETABLE oils , *PALM oil - Abstract
Hybrids between caiaué and oil palm (IEH OxG) are explored in genetic improvement with the main objective of associating the high palm oil productivity of oil palm with resistance of caiaué to Bud Rot disease. In addition, caiaué has better oil quality and greater resistance to some pests and diseases than oil palm and these characteristics are transmitted to the hybrid between species. Due to fertility problems, IEH OxG plantations require assisted pollination, which raises the production costs. Backcrossings using oil palm as recurrent parent (BC OGxG) are being evaluated as a solution to restore the fertility of IEH OxG, however, the species contrast to physicochemical characteristics of the bunch and to oil composition, therefore, there is a need to observe how these characteristics vary in BC OGxG. Physicochemical characteristics of the bunch and fatty acid composition of the oil produced by 90 plants from an BC OGxG progeny were analysed. A large variation was observed in the progeny, with mean values of 9.0 kg for bunch weight, 46.0% of parthenocarpic fruits in the bunch weight, 72.2% of mesocarp in normal fruit and 86.5% in parthenocarpic fruit, 37.6% of oil in the humid mesocarp of normal fruits and 35.9% in parthenocarpic fruits and 16.4% of oil content in the fresh fruits bunch (FFB). The unsaturated fatty acids oleic (52.5%) and linoleic (10.8%) and the saturated fatty acids palmitic (30.7%) and stearic (4.4 %) stood out in the oil composition. In the progeny BC OGxG is possible to select individuals for high OCB and for a greater or lesser percentage of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids in the oil composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Effectiveness of aluminum polychloride on oil palm industrial wastewater post-treatment
- Author
-
Yim J. Rodriguez-Diaz, Alcides A. Torregroza-Mozo, Franklin Mejía-Padilla, Jader Johan Atencia-Vargas, and Andrea Carolina Villero-González
- Subjects
industrial water ,palm oil ,coagulant ,aluminium polychloride ,post –treatment ,Agriculture - Abstract
Oil extraction plants demand large amount of water in their processes, generating wastewater, solid residuals and therefore negative environmental impact. The research objective was to evaluate the effectivity of aluminum polychloride (PAC) on contaminating parameter [Oxygen Chemical Demand (OCD), fats and oils (F and O), turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS) and volatile suspended solids (SSV)] removal from the wastewater effluent of OLEOFLORES biological treatment in Codazzi – Cesar. Composed sampling of wastewater and characterization were performed according to IDEAM Initial values for OCD, F and O, turbidity, TSS and VSS of 4111,20 mg L-1, 737,26 mg L-1, 939,33 NTU, 870 mg L-1, 673,33 mg L-1, respectively, were found. An optimal dose of 3963 mg L-1 of PAC, removing 75,79%, 86,21% y 98,8%. Compared with Aluminum sulphate were the maximum removal rate for OCD, TSS and F and O were 34,14%, 11,88% y 85,64%, respectively. It is concluded that the PAC is an effective option for wastewater treatment, contributing to improve life quality of life for populations who benefit from water affected by effluents.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Efectos de algunos parámetros de reacción en la producción de ésteres etílicos empleando una combi-lipasa de TLL y CALB en Lewatit VP OC 1600.
- Author
-
Toro, Esteban C. and Godoy, César A.
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista ION is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Elaboration and characterization of snack bars made with ingredients from the Amazon
- Author
-
Isadora Cordeiro dos PRAZERES, Alessandra Ferraiolo Nogueira DOMINGUES, Ana Paula Rocha CAMPOS, and Ana Vânia CARVALHO
- Subjects
Amazon fruits ,Brazil nut ,palm oil ,sensory analysis ,tapioca flour ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
ABSTRACT Snack bars were launched on the market as an alternative for people seeking healthier food options. They are popular portable snacks commonly eaten between meals. This study aimed to develop snack bars made with tapioca flour, Brazil nut and native fruit pulps (açaí, cupuaçu, muruci and taperebá) as well as to assess their physical, physicochemical, microbiological and sensory attributes. The preferred concentration of fruit pulp was 10% in the açaí bar, and 15% in the cupuaçu, muruci and taperebá bars. The acceptance rate of the açaí bars was greater than 70% for the attributes appearance, color, texture, and overall impression, but was lower for flavour. This result may be related to the eating habits of some panelists, who eat açaí pulp without adding any other ingredients that can impart the unique flavour of the fruit. The cupuaçu and muruci snack bars had higher sensory acceptance than the açaí and taperebá bars; therefore, they are more likely to have better market prospects.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Campesinização e resistências ao agronegócio do dendê no nordeste paraense.
- Author
-
Benevides de Sousa, Rafael
- Subjects
- *
PALM oil , *PEASANTS , *ORAL history , *RESEARCH methodology , *AGRICULTURAL industries , *PROTEST movements - Abstract
This article aims to understand the process of peasinization and the actions of resistances engendered by peasants against the advance of the agribusiness of palm oil in the Amazon Brazilian Region. The reflections brought here are the result of a survey carried out in eight peasant communities in the municipalities of Acará, Bujaru and Concórdia do Pará, in Northeast of Pará State. From the oral history of the peasants interviewed, we seek to hold a discuss about the elements that result in peasant expropriation processes of the land, but that, in a contradictory manner, allow the realization of mechanisms for these peasants to continue living in the countryside and to own the means of production. The adopted research technique was carried out on a qualitative basis, since we understand it to be an approach that allows us to perceive the singularities of confrontation of this peasantry in the Amazonian agrarian space of Pará State. Thus, we think this work will contribute to the discussions about the implications generated by the latifundio-agribusiness binomial on peasant populations, understanding the movement of peasinization and resistance to palm oil expansion in Northeastern Pará in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Fenologia do dendezeiro e correlações com variáveis climáticas.
- Author
-
Teixeira das Chagas, Kyvia Pontes, Barbosa Carvalho, Brenda Lívia, Gurgel Guerra, Cynthia Azevedo, Rodrigues Silva, Richeliel Albert, and de Almeida Vieira, Fábio
- Abstract
Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. INTEGRAÇÃO DA DENDEICULTURA À AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR: UM ESTUDO DOS IMPACTOS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS E ECONÔMICOS NO POLO DE PRODUÇÃO CONCÓRDIA, PARÁ.
- Author
-
GEMAQUE, A. M. S., SOUSA, A. C. R., and BELTRÃO, N. E. S.
- Subjects
- *
HAZARDOUS wastes , *SOLID waste , *HUMAN ecology , *SOCIAL integration , *TECHNICAL assistance , *PALM oil - Abstract
The objective of this work was to analyze the socioenvironmental and economic impacts caused by the expansion of dendeiculture on family farmers' properties at the Concordia palm oil production site located in the Northeast of the State of Pará. The methodological approach used was qualitative and quantitative, with data collection from semi-structured forms that were applied to sample of 19 family farmers within the study area. The analysis of the collected data was made through descriptive statistics, with the aid of the SPSS software version 20.0., and allowed to point out, in this case study, difficulties in the adequacy of palm oil cultivation to the family labor model, as well as a small participation of the activity in the generation of income of the families. In addition, situations that compromise human health and the environment have been identified, such as the inadequate final disposal of hazardous solid waste from the empty and washable agrochemical packaging. As benefits of this integration, there was an increase in the technical assistance and training of farmers. From the study results, it is highlighted the need for policies that offer farmers economic alternatives to palm oil, and that are also capable of promoting the socio- environmental development of the communities involved. Finally, it is worth noting that despite the economic perspective of dendeiculture, it is still necessary to evaluate the structural conditions in which family farmers find themselves under the perspective of sustainability and social inclusion, especially in the Amazon region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. ENERGIA E SUSTENTABILIDADE: ANÁLISE DA VIABILIDADE DO CULTIVO DE DENDÊ PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO REGIONAL ENDÓGENO DA AMAZÔNIA.
- Author
-
Pereira Simas, Julyana and Camargo Pereira, Cláudio Luis
- Subjects
- *
NATURAL resources , *RURAL development , *ENVIRONMENTAL protection , *DEFORESTATION - Abstract
The use of deforested areas from agricultural activities has gained prominence in the attempt to reconcile the environmental conservation of the Amazon region and local development, since, by providing new uses for the soil, the activity provides the preservation of native areas and reduces the negative impacts resulting from deforestation. In addition to the potential environmental benefits, the consolidation of agriculture, especially on a family basis, represents a great social opportunity. This is the case of oil palm, whose cultivation has the potential to use areas already deforested in the Amazon, in addition to being able to insert small farmers in the productive chain, which would represent an important opportunity for biodiesel production. However, the production advance may cause negative environmental impact, particularly in relation to deforestation. It is also necessary to examine if the palm oil production seeks to value the culture and meet the needs of the local population. These factors are important for ensuring the endogenous development of the region, whose main challenge is to preserve the customs and natural resources. The objective of this article is to investigate the viability of palm oil to promote Amazon endogenous regional development. The methodology is based on a case study in Tomé-Açu, state of Para, from observations and interviews with key stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Energia e Emissões na Produção de Óleo de Palma / Dendê (Elaeis guineensis): geração e cogeração na indústria de Óleo de Palma.
- Author
-
Alexandre Teixeira, Marcos
- Abstract
Copyright of Ambiência is the property of Revista Ambiencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. TRANSNATIONAL ARENAS, PUBLIC POLICIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT: THE CASE OF PALM IN THE AMAZON
- Author
-
JOÃO PAULO CÂNDIA VEIGA and PIETRO CARLOS RODRIGUES
- Subjects
Environmental Standards ,Palm Oil ,Public Policy ,Certification ,Regulation ,Human ecology. Anthropogeography ,GF1-900 - Abstract
Abstract This paper discusses the emergence of non-state actors involved in developing rules on environmental and social standards in transnational arenas that are outside the control of governments and International Organizations. This work is the result of a field research conducted between January and March 2012 in the main palm producing region of Brazil, located in the state of Pará, encompassing the municipalities of Moju, Tailândia and Acará. It comprises a case study of a palm oil producing company based in the Amazon region. The synergy of this company with governmental policy has projected Brazil's soft power, not through foreign policy and diplomacy but by influencing transnational private regulation with the use of labels and certification schemes recognized by stakeholders engaged in the palm oil global chain. The authors use the academic literature on regulation and private governance to highlight the rise of non-state actors as rule-makers in contemporary international relations.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR PALM OIL DETERMINATION IN MICROCAPSULES PRODUCED BY COMPLEX COACERVATION
- Author
-
Paulo H. M. Marfil, Felipe H. T. Vasconcelos, Márcia H. Pontieri, and Vânia R. N. Telis
- Subjects
palm oil ,encapsulation ,spectrophotometry ,gelatin ,gum arabic ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The microencapsulation of palm oil may be a mechanism for protecting and promoting the controlled release of its bioactive compounds. To optimize the microencapsulation process, it is necessary to accurately quantify the palm oil present both external and internal to the microcapsules. In this study, we developed and validated a spectrophotometric method to determine the microencapsulation efficiency of palm oil by complex coacervation. We used gelatin and gum arabic (1:1) as wall material in a 5% concentration (w/v) and palm oil in the same concentration. The coacervates were obtained at pH 4.0 ± 0.01, decanted for 24 h, frozen (−40 ºC), and lyophilized for 72 h. Morphological analyzes were then performed. We standardized the extraction of the external palm oil through five successive washes with an organic solvent. We then explored the best method for rupturing the microcapsules. After successive extractions with hexane, we determined the amount of palm oil contained in the microcapsules using a spectrophotometer. The proposed method was shown to be of low cost, fast, and easy to implement. In addition, in the validation step, we confirmed the method to be safe and reliable, as it proved to be specific, accurate, precise, and robust.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of novel poly(silyl ether)s based on palm and soy oils
- Author
-
Issam Ahmed Mohammed, Syed Shahabuddin, Rashmin Khanam, and Rahman Saidur
- Subjects
antibacterial ,dimethydichlorosilane ,palm oil ,poly(silyl ethers) ,polyol ,soy oil ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
Abstract In this research, palm oil and soy oil were used as a natural polyol to prepare novel poly(silyl ether)s. Palm oil and soy oil were first converted to monoglyceride by one step via alcoholysis process in the presence of 0.1% CaO as a catalyst. The monoglycerides were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and iodine test. The novel poly(silyl ether)s were prepared via polycondensation reaction between dimethyldichlorosilane with monoglycerides based on palm and soy oils, respectively. FT-IR, NMR and silicone-29 (29Si NMR) were used to confirm and determine the presence of silicone in the synthesized polymers. Thermal behavior was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Antibacterial activity of the polymers was screened against three different strains of bacteria, namely Escherichia coli E266, Staphylococcus aureus S276 and Salmonella choleeraesuis 10708.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Agricultura familiar e dendeicultura no município de Moju, na Amazônia paraense.
- Author
-
Santos Nahumb, João and Bastos dos Santos, Cleison
- Abstract
Our analysis of family farming projects developed by Agropalma in the rural area of the municipality of Moju showed that this company appropriated land income, areas, and use of the land by charging rent to peasants, without entering into a labor relationship with them and without owning the land. The work was based on categories, concepts, theories, and methods. Primary data was gathered through field work and interviews. The first section of the text describes the expansion of African palm crops in relation to the National Program for the Production and Use of Biodiesel and to the Program for the Sustainable Production of Palm Oil in Brazil. The second section sets forth the general features of the African palm family farming projects related to companies in Moju; and the last section offers some final considerations and a synthesis of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Formação dos projetos de agricultura familiar com dendezeiro na Amazônia paraense
- Author
-
Nahum, João Santos and Santos, Cleison Bastos dos
- Subjects
Projeto Arauaí ,Amazônia ,Family agriculture ,Agricultor familiar ,Moju (PA) ,Palm oil ,Dendeicultura ,Amazon ,Arauaí Project - Abstract
The article analyzes the formation of the first oil palm family agriculture project in Brazil, in the city of Moju (PA). For that a literature review was carried out to collect data that has the Arauaí projects as its object, interviews and information on how the area was acquired and about the formation of family agriculture projects. Residents, whether oil palm cultivators or not, were interviewed, as well as characters who are behind the scenes and in the main scene of the project's structuring political actions, whether selecting the area, performing expropriations, indemnities, project presentation and elaboration of integration contracts. The article clarifies the paths and detours of the association between space and politics that made possible the structuring of the pilot project of family agriculture in an area, where until the end of the last century's nineties, there was no oil palm. Since then, oil palm fields have replaced past landscapes. It is this space archeology that the reader will find, showing how companies, local politicians, the State, among others, created the major experience of family agriculture integrated with oil palm in Brazil, which is the Arauaí project. O artigo analisa a formação do primeiro projeto de agricultura familiar de cultivo do dendezeiro do Brasil, no município de Moju(PA). Para tanto realizou-se revisão de literatura que tem por objeto os projetos do Arauaí para levantar dados, entrevistas e informações sobre como ocorreu a aquisição da área e formação dos projetos de agricultura familiar. Entrevistou-se moradores do lugar, cultivadores ou não do dendezeiro, bem como personagens que estão nos bastidores e na cena principal das ações políticas estruturantes do projeto, seja escolhendo a área, realizando as desapropriações, indenizações, apresentação do projeto e elaboração dos contratos de integração. O artigo clarifica os caminhos e descaminhos da associação entre espaço e política que tornou possível a estruturação do projeto piloto de agricultura familiar numa área, onde até o final da década de noventa do século passado não havia dendezal. Desde então, campos de dendezeiro substituíram as paisagens pretéritas. É essa arqueologia espacial que o leitor encontrará, mostrando como empresas, políticos locais, Estado, dentre outros criaram a maior experiência de agricultura familiar integrada ao dendezeiro do Brasil, que é o projeto Arauaí.
- Published
- 2022
21. Effect of the ingestion of the palm oil and glutamine in serum levels of GLP-1, PYY and glycemia in diabetes mellitus type 2 patients submitted to metabolic surgery
- Author
-
Tharsus Dias TAKEUTI, Guilherme Azevedo TERRA, Alex Augusto da SILVA, Júverson Alves TERRA-JÚNIOR, Luci Mara da SILVA, and Eduardo CREMA
- Subjects
Diabetes Mellitus ,Palm oil ,Glutamine ,Surgery ,RD1-811 ,Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology ,RC799-869 - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Incretins are hormones produced by the intestine and can stimulate the secretion of insulin, helping to diminish the post-prandial glycemia. The administration of an emulsion of palm oil can help in the maintenance of the weight, and can increase circulating incretins levels. Glutamine increases the concentration of incretins in diabetic people. Both can help in metabolic syndrome. AIM: To analyze the effects of ingestion of palm oil and glutamine in glycemia and in incretins in patients with diabetes submitted to surgical duodenojejunal exclusion with ileal interposition without gastrectomy. METHODS: Eleven diabetic type 2 patients were included and were operated. They were called to laboratory follow-up without eating anything between eight and 12 hours. They had there blood collected after the stimulus of the palm oil and glutamine taken in different days. For the hormonal doses were used ELISA kits. RESULTS: The glycemia showed a meaningful fall between the fast and two hours after the stimulus of the palm oil (p=0,018). With the glutamine the GLP-1 showed an increase between the fast and one hour (p=0,32), the PYY showed an important increase between the fast and one hour after the stimulus (p=0,06), the glycemia showed a meaningful fall after two hours of the administration of the stimulus (p=0,03). CONCLUSION: Palm oil and glutamine can influence intestinal peptides and glucose
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Produção sustentável de óleo de palma: estudo de caso da Denpasa
- Author
-
Silva, Antonio de Brito Pacheco e, Escolas::EESP, Rocha, José Dilcio, Mendonça, Simone, and Laviola, Bruno Galvêas
- Subjects
Case study ,Agronegócio ,Óleo de palma ,Impactos socioeconômicos ,Estudo de caso ,Palm oil ,Economia ,Dendê ,Amazônia ,Sustainability ,Socio-economic impacts ,Agroindústria ,Sustentabilidade ,Agribusiness ,Family farming ,Reforestation ,Amazon ,Agricultura familiar ,Reflorestamento - Abstract
A cultura da palma tem importância significante na economia de muitos países, principalmente nos situados no sudoeste asiático. No Brasil, pouco se sabe sobre seus impactos e seu potencial. O objetivo desta dissertação, através do estudo de caso da empresa Dendê do Pará, SA (Denpasa), é contribuir para o entendimento da cadeia produtiva da cultura da palma no Brasil, seus benefícios, em contraste com o seu cultivo na Indonésia e na Malásia, maiores produtores mundiais. Foram realizadas cinco visitas de campo no período de 2019 a 2021 à Denpasa, localizada no município de Santa Barbara do Pará (PA) a cerca de 40 km de Belém (PA). A Denpasa pode ser considerada pioneira, não apenas no cultivo e processamento de óleo de palma no Brasil, porém, também em tecnologia, pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D), através da sua subsidiária Denpasa Tecnologia, que identificou e selecionou a variedade BRS Manicoré que é resistente à doença Amarelecimento Fatal além de apresentar mais alta produtividade quando comparada com outras variedades. Ademais, foram consultados dados disponíveis em instituições como a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Associação Brasileira de Produtores de Óleo de Palma (ABRAPALMA), entre outras. Observou-se que a cultura da palma e seu processamento, oferecem grandes oportunidades de retorno financeiro com preservação ambiental e geração de emprego através da agricultura familiar. O estudo de caso da Denpasa nos permite concluir que existe grande potencial de crescimento da cultura da palma no Brasil, podendo contribuir com o reflorestamento da Amazônia e gerar maior renda para as comunidades locais. Palm cultivation is of relevant importance in the economy of many countries, especially those located in Southeast Asia. In Brazil, little is known about its impacts and potential. The objective of this dissertation, through the case study of the company Dendê do Pará – SA (Denpasa), is to contribute to the understanding of the productive chain of palm c in Brazil, its benefits, in contrast to its cultivation in Indonesia and Malaysia, world's largest producers. Five field visits were carried out from 2019 to 2021 to Denpasa, located in the municipality of Santa Barbara do Pará (PA), about 40 km from Belém (PA). Denpasa can be considered a pioneer not only in the cultivation and processing of palm oil in Brazil but also in technology, research, and development (R&D) through its subsidiary Denpasa Tecnologia, which identified and selected the BRS Manicoré variety, which is resistant to the Fatal Yellowing disease, in addition to presenting higher productivity when compared to other types. In addition, data available from institutions such as Embrapa (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation), Brazilian Association of Palm Oil Producers (ABRAPALMA), among others, were consulted. It was observed that the cultivation of palm and its processing offers excellent opportunities for financial return with environmental preservation and job creation through family farming. The Denpasa case study allows us to conclude that there is great potential for the growth of the palm crop in Brazil, which can contribute to the reforestation of the Amazon and generate more significant income for local communities.
- Published
- 2022
23. Investigation of the parastripping process applied in the deacidification/deodorisation of palm oil
- Author
-
Paiva, Camila Leite, 1996, Ceriani, Roberta, 1976, Biasi, Lilian Caroline Kramer, 1990, Damaceno, Daniela da Silva, Soares, Rafael de Pelegrini, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Engenharia Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química, and UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS
- Subjects
Neutral oil loss ,Perda de oleo neutro ,Modelagem e simulação ,Modelling and simulation ,Tocoferóis ,Tocopherols ,Óleo de palma ,Palm oil ,Python (Linguagem de programação de computador) ,Python - Abstract
Orientadores: Roberta Ceriani, Lilian Caroline Kramer Biasi Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química Resumo: Os óleos vegetais estão entre os insumos de expansão mais rápida do mundo, encontrando amplas aplicações industriais, com destaque nos setores alimentício e farmacêutico, fazendo, assim, parte da dieta humana. Para que se tornem comestíveis, os óleos vegetais passam por um processo de refino, nos quais são removidos compostos indesejáveis, responsáveis por colorações inadequadas ou por odor e sabor desagradáveis. O óleo de palma figura como o óleo vegetal mais produzido no mundo, sendo principalmente utilizado para fins alimentícios, mas também para a produção de biodiesel, e sobre o qual, questões relacionadas à sustentabilidade, tem recaído nos últimos anos. Existe uma carência de trabalhos na literatura que tratam do processo de parastripping de misturas multicomponentes, como é o caso dos óleos vegetais, constituídos por moléculas de elevada massa molar, como tri-, di- e monoacilgliceróis, além de ácido graxos livres e de compostos nutracêuticos. Nesse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo a modelagem e simulação do processo de parastripping multicomponente aplicado a processos de desacidificação por via física/desodorização do óleo de palma. Trata-se de uma adaptação ao processo convencional (stripping) e consiste na divisão do fluxo de vapor no fundo da coluna em duas correntes ascendentes e paralelas que entram em contato com uma única corrente líquida descendente. Esta configuração pode aumentar o número de estágios teóricos por unidade de altura da coluna, reduzindo custos operacionais e de projeto. As simulações foram conduzidas implementando as sub-rotinas para o cálculo das propriedades físicas para cada um dos componentes do óleo e do vapor, bem como uma adaptação do algoritmo proposto por Naphtali e Sandholm, na ferramenta livre Python® utilizando suas bibliotecas de resolução de sistemas de equações não-lineares. O óleo de palma modelo foi representado por uma mistura multicomponente contendo triacilgliceróis, como compostos majoritários, e di-, monoacilgliceróis e tocoferol, como compostos minoritários. Investigou-se a influência de parâmetros operacionais (i.e., temperatura, pressão, vazão mássica de vapor de arraste), em parâmetros relacionados às composições das correntes de saída (i.e., acidez final do óleo, perda de óleo neutro, recuperação de tocoferol), além de comparar com os resultados obtidos pelo processo convencional. Para uma mesma altura de coluna e um mesmo grau de desacidificação, a coluna de parastripping conseguiu resultados similares à coluna de stripping com 14% menos de vapor de arraste. Já para uma mesma quantidade de vapor de arraste e um mesmo grau de desacidificação, foi possível reduzir a altura da coluna de parastripping em uma unidade de espaçamento de bandeja da coluna de stripping convencional. Houve poucas variações nas perdas de óleo neutro e recuperações de tocoferol, comparando-se as duas configurações, nas mesmas condições de operação. Desta forma, conclui-se que é possível utilizar uma coluna de menor altura consumindo a mesma quantidade de vapor de arraste, ou uma coluna de mesma altura com um consumo menor de vapor de arraste, conferindo vantagens nos custos operacionais e de construção ao processo de "parastripping", quando comparado com o processo convencional Abstract: Vegetable oils are among the fastest expanding commodities in the world, comprising a wide range of industrial applications, especially in the food and pharmaceutical sectors, thus playing a significant role in the human diet. In order to make them edible, vegetable oils are submitted to a refining process, in which undesirable compounds are removed. Those compounds are responsible for unpleasant odours, taste, and inadequate colour. Palm oil is the most produced vegetable oil in the world, being mainly used for food purposes, but also for the production of biodiesel, and hence issues related to sustainability, have been raised in recent years. In the literature, there is a gap of works dealing with multicomponent mixtures in parastripping, as is the case of vegetable oils, which are composed by large molar mass molecules, such as tri-, di- and monoacylglycerols, in addition to free fatty acids and nutraceutical compounds. In this context, this work aimed to model and simulate the multicomponent parastripping process applied to physical deacidification/deodorisation processes of palm oil. It is an adaptation to the conventional process (stripping) and consists of dividing the steam flow at the bottom of the column into two ascending and parallel streams that come into contact with a single descending liquid stream. This structural rearrangement can increase the number of theoretical ideal stages per unit of column height, reducing operational and design costs. The simulations were carried out implementing the subroutines for calculating the physical properties for each of the oil and steam components, as well as an adaptation of the algorithm proposed by Naphtali & Sandholm, in the open-source software Python® using its libraries for solving systems of non-linear equations. The model palm oil was represented by a multicomponent mixture containing triacylglycerols, as major compounds, and di-, monoacylglycerols and tocopherol, as minor compounds. The influence of operational parameters (i.e., temperature, pressure, stripping steam flow rate) was investigated regarding the compositions of the outlet streams (i.e., final oil acidity, neutral oil loss, tocopherol recovery), in addition to a comparison with the results obtained by the conventional process. For a same column height and the same degree of deacidification, with 14% less stripping steam. For the same amount of stripping steam and the same degree of deacidification, it was possible to reduce the height of the parastripping column in one unit of conventional stripping tray spacing. There were few variations in the neutral oil losses and tocopherol recoveries, comparing the two processes, under the same operating conditions. It can be thus concluded that it is possible to use a lower height column, consuming the same amount of stripping steam, or a same height column, with a lower consumption of stripping steam. That means the parastripping process confers operational and construction advantages, when compared to the conventional process Mestrado Engenharia Química Mestra em Engenharia Química CAPES 001
- Published
- 2022
24. Desempenho de diferentes lipases imobilizadas na síntese de biodiesel de óleo de palma = Performance of different immobilized lipases in palm oil biodiesel synthesis
- Author
-
Grazielle dos Santos Silva, Dayana Yuri Inoue, Gisanara Dors, Agenor Furigo Junior, and Heizir Ferreira de Castro
- Subjects
lipase ,imobilizacao ,biodiesel ,planejamento ,oleo de palma ,immobilization ,experimental design ,palm oil ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar as condicoes otimizadas da sintese enzimatica de biodiesel, a partir do oleo de palma e etanol, empregando diferentes lipases imobilizadas (lipase de Pseudomonas fluorescens imobilizada em SiO2-PVA e lipase de Candida antartica imobilizada em resina acrilica - Novozym„µ 435) em meio isento de solvente. Uma matriz de planejamento fatorial foi utilizada para avaliar a influencia da temperatura (42 ¡V 58„aC) e a razao molar entre etanol e oleo de palma (6:1 ¡V 18:1) no rendimento detransesterificacao alcancado para cada preparacao de lipase. Os efeitos principais foram ajustados por analise de regressao multipla a modelos lineares e o rendimento maximo foi obtido quando o sistema operacional foi operado a 42„aC com substratos contendo etanol eoleo de palma na razao molar de 18:1. Os modelos matematicos que representam o rendimento global da reacao para cada lipase imobilizada foram considerados adequados para descrever os resultados experimentais.Optimized conditions for palm oil and ethanol enzymatic biodiesel synthesis were determined with different immobilized lipases SiO2-PVA-immobilized lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens and acrylic resin-immobilized lipase, NovozymR435, from Candida antartica, in solvent-free medium. A full factorial design assessed the influence oftemperature (42 ¡V 58¢XC) and ethanol: palm oil (6:1 ¡V 18:1) molar ratio on the transesterification yield. Main effects were adjusted by multiple regression analysis to linear models and the maximum transesterification yield was obtained at 42¢XC and 18:1 ethanol:palm oil molar ratio. Mathematical models featuring total yield for each immobilized lipase were suitable to describe the experimental results.
- Published
- 2011
25. Otimização da reação de interesterificação química do óleo de palma Optimization of the cemical interesterification reaction of palm oil
- Author
-
Renato Grimaldi, Lireny Aparecida Guaraldo Gonçalves, and Marlene Yumi Ando
- Subjects
palm oil ,chemical interesterification ,solid fat content ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The Brazilian market has been showing a growing concern with nutritional values of oil components of foods. Chemical interesterification is a promising alternative to the current processes of modifying the consistency of oils. Chemical interesterification of deodorized palm oil was studied on a laboratory scale. The best results were obtained with 0.4% MeONa and heating for 20 min at 100 °C. These conditions are based on the largest variation in triacylglycerols as compared to a control. The trisaturated values varied from 6.2 to 9.9%, showing that the consistency of the oil improved for it to be used in margarines, without the formation of trans isomers.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Modificaciones de las lipoproteínas del plasma después del uso dietético de la oleína de palma en adultos sanos
- Author
-
Virgilio Bosch, Ada Aular, José Medina, Neptalí Ortiz, and Rafael Apitz
- Subjects
Colesterol total ,triacilglicéridos ,dieta ,oleína de palma ,Total cholesterol ,triacylglicerides ,diet ,palm oil ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Desde hace mucho tiempo se conocen los efectos dañinos de los ácidos grasos saturados sobre los niveles de colesterol y triglicéridos de la sangre, pero investigaciones recientes han desarrollado nuevos conceptos sobre el problema. El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer el efecto del consumo de la oleína de palma sobre los niveles de triacilglicéridos y colesterol plasmáticos y de las fracciones lipoproteicas en individuos sanos de ambos sexos. Materiales y método: A 60 individuos, 45 hombres y 15 mujeres, entre 19 y 45 años, divididos en tres grupos, se les administraron diferentes tipos de grasas durante 12 semanas: al grupo mezcla (GM), se le administró aceite, margarina y mayonesa, preparadas con oleína al 50%, el grupo oleína (GO) consumió grasas preparada con oleína al 100% y el grupo control (GC) consumió grasas de uso habitual en la población. Las dietas proporcionaron entre el 25% y 30% de las calorías provenientes de las grasas. Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre para el análisis de los lípidos al inicio y al final del estudio. Las concentraciones de colesterol y triacilglicéridos plasmáticos se determinaron por métodos enzimáticos y las lipoproteínas (VLDL, LDL,y HDL) por ultracentrifugación. Resultados y discusión: Al comparar las medias de los grupos no se encontraron diferencias significativas (p>0.05) en los lípidos de la sangre. Las diferencias individuales muestran un ligero aumento de las VDLD-C en el GO comparado con el GM y el GC. No se encontraron diferencias en la concentración de LDL. Conclusiones: Estos resultados aportan evidencias para diferenciar los efectos entre los aceites vegetales saturados como el de coco y la oleína de palma, por lo que se recomienda no extrapolar los efectos de un tipo de aceite a otro en lo que respecta a la elevación del CT sanguíneo.Modifications of plasma lipoproteins after use of palm olein in the diet of a group healthy adults. Although saturated fat acids have long known to have harmful effects on cholesterol and triacylglicerydes levels in blood, new concepts have emerged form recent research on this matter. The purpose of this study was to know the effect of the consumption of palm olein on triacylglycerides and cholesterol levels as well as lipoprotein fractions in the blood plasma of healthy individuals from both sexes. Materials and methods: Different types of fats were administered for 12 weeks to 60 subjects, 45 male, 15 female, between 19 and 45 years of age, who were divided into three groups: the mix group (MG) was administered oil, margarine, and mayonnaise prepared with 50% olein; the olein group (OG) consumed fats prepared with 100% olein; and the control group (CG) consumed regular fats of customary use by the population. The diets provided 25 to 30% of calories. Blood samples were obtained for lipid analysis at the beginning and the end of the study. Plasma triacylglicerides and cholesterol concentrations were determined by means of enzyme and lipoprotein methods (VLDL, LDL; and HDL) by ultracentrifugation. Results and discussion: By comparing the groups’ means no significant differences were found (p>0.05) in blood lipids. Individual differences show a slight increase in VLDL-C in OG compared to MG and CG. No differences were found in LDL concentration. Conclusions: These results contribute evidence to differentiate between the effects of saturated vegetables oils, such as coconut oil, and of palm olein. The authors recommend not extrapolate the effects of type of oil to another in connection with TC increase in blood.
- Published
- 2002
27. Variabilidad de la separación y su relación con la productividad agroindustrial de la palma aceitera en el municipio de Acará, Estado de Pará, Brasil
- Author
-
Nascimento, Thays Valente do, Chaves, Juliane Ribeiro das, Sousa, Lilian Paixão Aleixo de, Pessoa, Francisco Carlos Lira, Gomes, Ana Beatriz Bastos, Lira, Bruna Roberta Pereira, Rodrigues, Dayana Cravo, Castro, Lucilla Raphaelle Carmo, and Lopes, Luiza de Nazaré Almeida
- Subjects
Palm oil ,Productividad ,Dendê ,Correlación ,Correlação ,Precipitation ,Produtividade ,Productivity ,Correlation ,Precipitación ,Aceite de palma ,Precipitação - Abstract
Brazil is a country without agricultural productivity qualifications and is one of the main activities that contribute to the country's GDP. The Amazon region is known for its abundance of water and high rainfall, this is one of the factors that contribute to agriculture. In this respect, the objective of this work was to analyze a correlation between rainfall variability and agricultural productivity in the city of Acará - Pará, and, thus, to verify the influence of capacity in oil palm production. Rainfall series, provided in the Hydrological Information System (HidroWeb) and productivity data without a database from the IBGE Automatic Recovery System - SIDRA, were used in the rain series, Mann-Kendall non-parametric statistical test was applied. Through the linear correlation method, the variables of annual total capacity and annual agricultural productivity were correlated. From the data analysis, there was a correlation around 40% between the cultivation of palm oil and a separation, a value considered moderate, as rains are considered important, but not a limiting factor for the cultivation of this fruit. Brasil es un país en el que la productividad agrícola es una actividad importante que contribuye al PIB del país. La región amazónica es conocida por su abundancia de agua y por tener una alta precipitación, este es uno de los factores que contribuyen a la agricultura. Al respecto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la correlación entre la variabilidad de las precipitaciones y la productividad agrícola en la ciudad de Acará - Pará, y así, verificar la influencia de la precipitación en la producción de aceite de palma. Se utilizaron series de precipitaciones proporcionadas en el Sistema de Información Hidrológica (HidroWeb) y datos de productividad en la base de datos del Sistema de Recuperación Automática IBGE - SIDRA, en la serie de lluvias se aplicó la prueba estadística no paramétrica de Mann-Kendall. Mediante el método de correlación lineal se correlacionaron las variables de precipitación total anual y productividad agrícola anual. Del análisis de los datos se encontró una correlación de alrededor del 40% entre el cultivo de aceite de palma y la precipitación, valor considerado moderado, por lo que las lluvias se consideran importantes, pero no un factor limitante para el cultivo de este fruto. O Brasil é um país no qual a produtividade agrícola é das principais atividades que contribui para o PIB do país. A região amazônica é conhecida por sua abundância de água e por ter uma alta pluviosidade, este é um dos fatores que contribuem para agricultura. Neste aspecto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a correlação entre a variabilidade pluviométrica e a produtividade agrícola no município de Acará - Pará, e assim, verificar a influência da precipitação na produção de dendê. Foram utilizadas séries pluviométricas fornecidas no Sistema de Informações Hidrológicas (HidroWeb) e dados de produtividade no banco de dados do Sistema IBGE de Recuperação Automática – SIDRA, nas séries de chuva aplicou-se teste estatístico não paramétrico de Mann-Kendall. Por meio do método de correlação linear, correlacionou-se variáveis de total anual de precipitação e produtividade anual agrícola. A partir da análise dos dados, verificou-se uma correlação em torno de 40% entre o cultivo da cultura de dendê e a precipitação, um valor considerado moderado, logo as chuvas são consideradas importantes, mas não um fator limitante para o cultivo deste fruto.
- Published
- 2021
28. Mulheres na dendeicultura paraense: possibilidade de autonomia
- Author
-
Diocélia Antônia Soares do Nascimento, Dalva Maria da Mota, Diocélia Nascimento, DOUTORANDA UFPA, and DALVA MARIA DA MOTA, CPATU.
- Subjects
Economic growth ,media_common.quotation_subject ,integração ,Sign (semiotics) ,Public institution ,lcsh:HD9000-9495 ,lcsh:S1-972 ,Dendeicultura ,Independence ,agricultoras ,Autonomia ,Dendê ,lcsh:Land use ,lcsh:HD101-1395.5 ,Political science ,Mulher Rural ,Palm oil ,Integração ,Production (economics) ,lcsh:Agricultural industries ,nordeste paraense ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Autonomy ,media_common ,Agricultora - Abstract
The relationship between economic initiative and women's autonomy is consensual in the literature. Considering this finding, the objective of the article is to analyze the relationship between economic initiative and the achievement of autonomy by women holding integration contracts for oil palm production in Northeast Para, Brazil's largest oil palm region. The research was carried out as a case study with 30 women (100% of women holding contracts in the municipality of Sao Domingos do Capim / PA) and through observations and interviews. The main conclusions show that: I) the participation of women in economic initiatives, by itself, did not guarantee autonomy, but encourages it; II) autonomy has a direct relationship between the decision to sign the contract and management at different stages of production in oil palm cultivation; III) the construction of autonomy is supported by obtaining financial resources, independence to make decisions, participation in public spheres, access to different information, dialogue with technicians from the oil palm company and with representatives of public institutions; and IV) having a production contract represents a strategy for women to achieve autonomy, although this autonomy is not always exercised in the same way.Keywords: women farmers; integration; Northeastern Para.How to citeNASCIMENTO, Diocelia; MOTA, Dalva Maria da. Mulheres na dendeicultura paraense: possibilidade de autonomia. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, v. 28, n. 3, p. 721-743, out. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36920/esa-v28n3-10.Received on June 11, 2020. Accepted on August 28, 2020.
- Published
- 2020
29. Adição de óleo de palma na dieta sobre a lipidemia e a qualidade do sêmen de bubalinos (Bubalus bubalis).
- Author
-
Silva, G. R., Garcia, A. R., Faturi, C., Lourenço Junior, J. B., Nahúm, B. S., Gonçalves, A. A., Kawhage, P. R., Silva, L. H. M., and Meneses, A. M. C.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. FORMAÇÃO DA DENDEICULTURA NA AMAZÔNIA PARAENSE
- Author
-
Nahum,João Santos, Santos,Leonardo Sousa dos, and Santos,Cleison Bastos dos
- Subjects
Amazônia ,Amazonia ,Politics ,Território ,Palm oil ,Territory ,Política ,Dendeicultura ,Amazon ,State ,Estado - Abstract
Resumo A formação da dendeicultura na Amazônia paraense tem como fio condutor a ação estatal. Ressalta-se que o Estado torna possível a chegada do dendezeiro, incentiva a criação de empresas, por meio de programas, projetos e políticas. O processo de reconstituição dos marcos sobre a origem, a consolidação e a expansão, que vai da década de 1950 até a segunda década do século XXI, apoia-se na vasta revisão de literatura sobre o tema, levantamento de dados sobre o cultivo do dendezeiro, produção de dendê, surgimento, fusão, extinção de empresas e a situação dos projetos de integração da agricultura familiar. A primeira parte do texto enfoca a chegada do dendezeiro na Amazônia; a seguir destaca-se a criação das empresas dendeicultoras e por fim analisa-se políticas para a dendeicultura. Isso explica a distribuição do cultivo predominantemente pela Microrregião de Tomé-açu e o período atual marcado pelos projetos de integração do agricultor rural à cadeia do agronegócio do dendê, através do discurso do desenvolvimento territorial rural com inclusão social e geração de emprego e renda. Resumen La formación de la dendeicultura en la Amazonia paraense tiene como hilo conductor la acción estatal. Resaltamos que el Estado torna posible la llegada del dendezeiro, incentiva la creación de empresas, por medio de programas, proyectos y políticas. El proceso de reconstitución de los hitos sobre el origen, la consolidación y la expansión, que va de la década de 1950 hasta la segunda década del siglo XXI, se apoyó en la vasta revisión de literatura sobre el tema, levantamiento de datos sobre cultivo de la palma aceitera, producción de dende, surgimiento, fusión, extinción de empresas y la situación de los proyectos de integración de la agricultura familiar. La primera parte del texto enfocamos la llegada de la palma aceitera en la Amazonia, a seguir destacamos la creación de las empresas dendeicultoras y por fin analizamos políticas para la dendeicultura. Eso explica la distribución del cultivo predominantemente por la microrregión de Tomé-açu y el período actual marcado por los proyectos de integración del agricultor rural a la cadena del agronegocio del dende, por medio del discurso del desarrollo territorial rural con inclusión social y generación de empleo y renta. Abstract The formation of palm oil cultivation in Para’s Amazon has as guide the state action. Emphasizing that the state makes possible the arrival of palm oil, encourages business creation through programs, projects and policies. The process of reconstituting milestones on origin, consolidation and expansion, which goes from the 1950s to the second decade of the 21st century, was based on the vast literature review on the topic, data collection about palm oil cultivation, palm oil production, emergence, merger, business extinction and the situation of family farming integration projects. Th first part of the text focus on the arrival of oil palm in the Amazon, next, has highlight the creation of palm oil companies and finally analyze palm oil policies. This explains the distribution of the crop predominantly by the Tomé-açu microregion and the current period marked by the projects of integration of rural farmers into the palm oil agribusiness chain, through the discourse of rural territorial development with social inclusion, and job and income generation.
- Published
- 2020
31. The Quilombola territory of Alto Acará/PA as a resistance to the expansion of palm oil agribusiness
- Author
-
Silva, Jamilli Medeiros de Oliveira da, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Souza, José Gilberto de [UNESP]
- Subjects
Dendê ,Quilombolas ,Resistance ,Agronegócio ,Território ,Resistência ,Agribusiness ,Palm oil ,Territory - Abstract
Submitted by Jamilli Medeiros de oliveira da Silva (jamillimosilva@gmail.com) on 2020-11-18T18:01:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_JM.pdf: 7974397 bytes, checksum: eadf0af0ef3adf15f93c2e6debb0d392 (MD5) Rejected by Adriana Ap. Puerta Buzzá (dripuerta@rc.unesp.br), reason: Prezada Jamilli, O documento enviado para a coleção Campus Unesp Rio Claro foi recusado pelo(s) seguinte(s) motivo(s): - Falta a ficha catalográfica, que deve ser elaborada no site da biblioteca da Unesp de Rio Claro (https://www.biblioteca.unesp.br/ficha/) e inserida após a folha de rosto no arquivo pdf e no verso da folha de rosto na versão impressa. Não alterar, acrescentar ou excluir qualquer informação. A ficha deve ser colocada idêntica ao que o sistema gerar. Maiores informações: http://ib.rc.unesp.br/Home/Biblioteca37/repositorio_fluxograma_unesp_rioclaro.jpg Agradecemos a compreensão e aguardamos o envio do novo arquivo. Atenciosamente, Biblioteca Campus Rio Claro – E-mail: stati.rc@unesp.br Repositório Institucional UNESP https://repositorio.unesp.br on 2020-11-23T15:08:42Z (GMT) Submitted by Jamilli Medeiros de oliveira da Silva (jamillimosilva@gmail.com) on 2020-11-27T13:22:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_JM.pdf: 8013764 bytes, checksum: 71eeab2a4444660291bf229d4f14b867 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Santulo Custódio de Medeiros null (asantulo@rc.unesp.br) on 2020-11-30T14:20:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_jmo_me_rcla.pdf: 7892321 bytes, checksum: 3802fe3de31b30f08610799638a969b1 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-11-30T14:20:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_jmo_me_rcla.pdf: 7892321 bytes, checksum: 3802fe3de31b30f08610799638a969b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-03-10 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) A expansão do monocultivo do dendê no estado do Pará é um fenômeno com grande notoriedade na academia e mídias de informação, muito incentivada por políticas públicas como do Plano Nacional de Uso e Produção do Biodiesel (PNPB), o Plano Palma Verde e o Programa de Produção Sustentável de Óleo de Palma (PSOP). Essas medidas e a devida aptidão agroclimática fez com que o dendê se expandisse vertiginosamente para a mesorregião do Nordeste do estado do Pará, a qual possui a maior produção de dendê do país atualmente, sob o slogan da sustentabilidade ambiental de uma energia “ecologicamente correta”, contribuindo com a busca de energias renováveis por meio de fontes de biomassa advindas do refino do óleo de dendê; também como uma medida de “resposta” aos alertas acerca das mudanças climáticas globais, o Brasil tem buscado desenvolver políticas públicas no caminho pavimentado pela dita “economia verde”. Esse conjunto de fatores demonstra o potencial de expansão do dendê, seja por sua produtividade, pela sua justificativa ambiental e consequente monetarização da natureza, seja por meio de políticas de aquisição e investimentos em terras agrícolas sob o chamado fenômeno land grabbing, ou pelos investimentos governamentais destinados à monocultura. Essas ações provocaram e provocam um novo rearranjo no cenário agrário já complexo da Amazônia, visto que esta é uma região constituída pela vivência de diversos sujeitos como indígenas, quilombolas, ribeirinhos, posseiros etc., os quais entram em choque pelos diferentes significados que dão à terra em relação à expansão do agronegócio do dendê. Diante disso, objetivamos analisar os processos e as dinâmicas do território camponês de origem quilombola das comunidades de Vila Formosa e 19 do Maçaranduba, mediante os avanços do agronegócio do dendê no município de Acará – PA. A metodologia consistiu na realização entrevistas, por meio de questionários semiestruturados com as famílias quilombolas, bem como entrevistas abertas que seguiram um roteiro previamente elaborado, direcionadas a algumas lideranças; também realizamos um levantamento bibliográfico sobre os assuntos que circundam a temática de estudo da questão agrária na Amazônia. Ao final da pesquisa, constatamos que a expansão do dendê em direção às comunidades estudadas acontece por meio da monopolização do território, provocando, com isso, inúmeros conflitos de ordem socioambiental e territorial, o que representa novas disputas fundiárias na região, além de prejudicar bens comuns historicamente apropriados pelos quilombolas, ao contaminar as águas dos rios e solos devido à utilização de agrotóxicos no monocultivo. Diante dessas mudanças, as comunidades pesquisadas se encontraram cercadas pelo agronegócio do dendê. Assim, passaram a se organizar em torno da história de seus antepassados, se autointitulando quilombolas para buscar a titulação de seu território e preservar seu modo de vida da/na floresta de maneira comunal, resistindo enquanto povos da floresta. The expansion of oil palm monoculture in the state of Pará is a phenomenon with great notoriety in the academy and information media, very encouraged by public policies like the National Biodiesel Use and Production Plan (PNPB), the Palma Verde Plan and the Sustainable Palm Oil Production Program (PSOP). These measures and the appropriate agroclimatic aptitude caused oil palm to expand vertiginously to the northeastern mesoregion of the state of Pará, which currently has the largest oil palm production in the country, under the slogan of environmental sustainability of an “ecologically correct” energy, contributing to the search for renewable energy through biomass sources from the refining of palm oil; also as a measure of "response" to warnings about global climate change, Brazil has sought to develop public policies on the path paved by the so-called "green economy". This set of factors demonstrates the potential for oil palm expansion, either for its productivity, for its environmental justification and the consequent monetization of nature, either through policies for acquisition and investments in agricultural land under the so-called land grabbing phenomenon, or through government investments for monoculture. These actions provoked and cause a new rearrangement in the already complex agrarian scenario in the Amazon, since this is a region constituted by the experience of several subjects such as indigenous, quilombolas, riverside dwellers, etc., who enter into shock due to the different meanings they give to land in relation to the expansion of oil palm agribusiness. In view of this, we aim to analyze the processes and dynamics of the quilombola peasant territory of the communities of Vila Formosa and 19 do Maçaranduba, through the advances of palm oil agribusiness in the city of Acará - PA. The methodology consisted of conducting interviews, through semi-structured questionnaires with quilombola families, as well as open interviews that followed a previously prepared script, targeted at some leaders; we also carried out a bibliographic survey on the issues surrounding the theme of studying the agrarian issue in the Amazon. At the end of the research, we found that the expansion of oil palm towards the studied communities occurs through the monopolization of the territory, causing, therefore, innumerable socio-environmental and territorial conflicts, which represents new land disputes in the region, in addition to damaging common properties historically appropriated by quilombolas, when contaminating the waters of rivers and soils due to the use of pesticides in monoculture. Faced with these changes, the researched communities found themselves surrounded by palm oil agribusiness. Thus, they started to organize themselves around the history of their ancestors, calling themselves quilombolas to seek the title of their territory and preserve their way of life of/in the forest in a communal way, resisting as peoples of the forest. FAPESP: 2017/03547-1 FAPESP: 2018/12263-0
- Published
- 2020
32. IMPACTOS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS DA DENDEICULTURA EM COMUNIDADES TRADICIONAIS NA AMAZÔNIA PARAENSE.
- Author
-
Nahum, João Santos and dos Santosi, Cleison Bastos
- Subjects
- *
SUSTAINABILITY , *PALM oil manufacturing , *SOCIAL dynamics , *AGRICULTURAL industries , *AGRICULTURAL economics , *BIOMASS energy - Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the socio-environmental impacts of palm oil plantations on traditional communities in the Brazilian Amazon state of Pará. The arrival of palm oil as a source of biofuels in the micro-region of Tomé-Açu in northeastern Pará is a development that reorganizes the landscape, territorial organization, social dynamics, and the general geographic space and territorial use of the region. From a technical viewpoint, the economic and productive advantages of palm oil compared to other palms and oilseeds are unsurpassed. However, one must ask what socio-environmental impacts may occur in the landscape, territorial organization, social dynamics, and larger lifestyle changes that palm oil agribusiness may bring. While economically profitable, palm oil plantations have yet to demonstrate social and environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Incorporação de urucum como aditivo antioxidante em embalagens biodegradáveis a base de quitosana.
- Author
-
Castelo Branco de Santana, Maria Cecília, Aparecida Souza Machado, Bruna, do Nascimento da Silva, Tamara, Larroza Nunes, Itaciara, and Druzian, Janice Izabel
- Subjects
- *
ANNATTO , *ANTIOXIDANTS , *CHITOSAN , *FOOD additives research , *PALM oil , *PHENOLS , *PEROXIDES - Abstract
The objective was to develop and characterize a biodegradable packaging using chitosan as polymeric matrix, plasticized with glycerol, as well as evaluate the effect of adding a natural antioxidant additives (annatto) in antioxidant protection in packaging. The cans were prepared by casting containing 1.5% of chitosan, 0.15% glycerol and 0.25 to 1.0% of coloring. Palm oil packed with the films containing the additive was monitored at 0, 7, 15, 30 and 45 days of storage under accelerated oxidation conditions (63% UR/30°C). Palm oil packed in the film that contained the highest percentage of annatto (1.0%) was the least oxidized during the study period. It was found that, as they increase the losses of phenolic compounds in the formulations of the films, there is a reduction in the peroxide increases the packaged product, thus demonstrating that instead of the product, the compounds of the package's who are suffering oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
34. Desempenho de diferentes lipases imobilizadas na síntese de biodiesel de óleo de palma.
- Author
-
dos Santos Silva, Grazielle, Inoue, Dayana Yuri, Dors, Gisanara, Junior, Agenor Furigo, and de Castro, Heizir Ferreira
- Abstract
Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Technology is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Quantification of bioactive compounds from 'Elaeis guineensis' palm tree by ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- Author
-
Luciana de Souza Guedes, Santana, Cesar Costapinto, 1948, Beppu, Marisa Masumi, 1972, Breitkreitz, Márcia Cristina, 1979, Veggi, Priscilla Carvalho, Pessoa Junior, Adalberto, Rostagno, Mauricio Ariel, Bottoli, Carla Beatriz Grespan, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Engenharia Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química, and UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS
- Subjects
Coenzima Q10 ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) ,Espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier ,Óleo de palma ,Coenzyme Q10 ,Cromatografia com fluído supercrítico de ultra alta eficiência ,Palm oil ,Ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC) ,Carotenoids ,Carotenóides - Abstract
Orientadores: Cesar Costapinto Santana, Marisa Masumi Beppu, Márcia Cristina Breitkreitz Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química Resumo: Neste estudo, método para separação e quantificação do licopeno, betacaroteno, coenzima Q10 e luteína no óleo de palma foi desenvolvido por cromatografia com fluido supercrítico de ultra alta eficiência (UHPSFC). Primeiramente, as condições de operação foram otimizadas com a mistura padrão. Os analitos foram separados em menos de 7 minutos nas condições de pressão de 1500 psi, temperatura 40 °C e porcentagem de etanol 15,5%. No entanto, essas condições de operação não se mostraram adequadas para a separação dos compostos bioativos no óleo de palma devido à co-eluição dos mesmos com componentes da matriz. Novas condições experimentais foram avaliadas e as condições de pressão de 1600 psi, temperatura 40 °C e porcentagem de etanol 18% foram selecionadas. O método quimiométrico Análise Multivariada de Curvas com Mínimos Quadrados Alternantes (MCR-ALS) foi empregado na análise dos dados cromatográficos para identificar e quantificar os compostos investigados. A concentração determinada para o betacaroteno, coenzima Q10 e luteína foi 176, 8,29 e 2,90 ug/mL, respectivamente. O licopeno não foi quantificado devido à baixa pureza do padrão secundário. A concentração desses compostos foi determinada também por espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR). Os resultados apresentaram concordância com os resultados obtidos por UHPSFC usado como referência. A concentração determinada para o betacaroteno, coenzima Q10 e luteína foi 178, 12,8 e 2,90 ug/mL, respectivamente. O estudo mostrou que as técnicas UHPSFC e FTIR podem ser empregadas para quantificação de constituintes minoritários do óleo de palma como os carotenoides e a coenzima Q10 Abstract: In this study, a method for separation and quantification of lycopene, beta-carotene, coenzyme Q10 and lutein in palm oil was developed by ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC). First, the operating conditions were optimized with a standard mixture. Analytes were separated in less than 7 minutes under conditions of pressure 1500 psi, temperature 40 °C and 15.5% of ethanol. However, these operating conditions were not adequate for separation of the bioactive compounds in palm oil due to co-elution of the target compounds with matrix constituents. New experimental conditions were evaluated and the conditions of pressure 1600 psi, temperature 40 °C and 18% of ethanol were selected. The chemometric method Multivariate Curve Resolution with Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) was applied on the chromatographic data to properly identify and quantify the target compounds. Concentration of beta-carotene, coenzyme Q10 and lutein was determined as 176, 8.29 and 2.90 ug/mL, respectively. Lycopene was not quantified because of the low purity of its secondary standard. Concentration of the bioactive compounds were also determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed good agreement with results obtained by UHPSFC used as reference method. Concentration of beta-carotene, coenzyme Q10 and lutein was determined as 178, 12.8 and 2.90 ug/mL, respectively. The study showed that UHPSFC and FTIR techniques may be employed for quantification of palm oil minor constituents as carotenoids and coenzyme Q10 Doutorado Engenharia Química Doutora em Engenharia Química CNPQ 140467/2015-7
- Published
- 2019
36. Formation of contaminants (MCPD and glycidyl esters) and physicochemical changes during the deodorization of palm oil
- Author
-
Renan Gusmão Tivanello, Bragotto, Adriana Pavesi Arisseto, 1977, Ribeiro, Ana Paula Badan, Bogusz, Stanislau, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, and UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS
- Subjects
Contaminantes ,3-MCPD ,Contaminants ,Óleo de palma ,Palm oil ,3-Monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) - Abstract
Orientador: Adriana Pavesi Arisseto Bragotto Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos Resumo: A formação de compostos tóxicos em alimentos durante o processamento é um tópico bastante estudado. Entre esses contaminantes, destacam-se os monoclopropanóis (MCPD), que incluem os ésteres de 3-MCPD (3-MCPDE) e de 2-MCPD (2-MCPDE), e os ésteres de glicidol (GE). Produzidos pelo tratamento térmico, estes compostos podem ser amplamente encontrados em óleos vegetais refinados, especialmente no óleo de palma. O refino destes óleos, particularmente a etapa de desodorização, utiliza temperaturas superiores a 200 °C, suficientes para desencadear as reações que resultam na formação destas substâncias e que têm como precursores componentes naturalmente presentes na matéria-prima. Quando ingeridos, estes ésteres podem ser hidrolisados no trato gastrointestinal, liberando suas formas livres e colocando em risco a saúde dos consumidores, uma vez que o 3-MCPD pode afetar a atividade renal e o glicidol possui caráter genotóxico e carcinogênico. A International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifica o 3-MCPD e o glicidol nos grupos 2B (possível carcinógeno humano) e 2A (provável carcinógeno humano), respectivamente. Ainda que haja alguns estudos sobre a formação destes contaminantes em óleos vegetais, não há uma confirmação da rota majoritária e nem de quais os precursores exatos estão envolvidos nestes mecanismos. Buscando gerar dados para um melhor entendimento da formação destes ésteres, o presente estudo avaliou o perfil de formação do 3-MCPDE, 2-MCDPE e GE durante a desodorização do óleo de palma em quatro temperaturas (210, 230, 250 e 270 °C) durante quatro tempos (30, 60, 90 e 120 minutos). Além disso, as alterações físico-químicas quanto à % ácidos graxos livres (AGL), composição de acilgliceróis e a cor (R: vermelho; Y: amarelo) também foram analisadas e correlacionadas com a formação dos compostos. As análises propostas seguiram os métodos oficiais da American Oil Chemists¿ Society (AOCS). Para o 3-MCPDE, 2-MCPDE e GE foram obtidos valores que variam de 1,91 a 2,70 mg/kg, 0,68 a 1,44 mg/kg e de 0,12 a 8,51 mg/kg, respectivamente. Em geral, as concentrações dos contaminantes aumentaram com o aumento da temperatura e pouca influência do tempo foi observada. A % de AGL e os parâmetros de cor (R e Y) diminuíram com o aumento do tempo e da temperatura, como esperado, enquanto a proporção de acilgliceróis não apresentou alterações significativas nas condições testadas. Apenas o GE apresentou correlação com os parâmetros físico-químicos e a mesma foi diretamente proporcional ao conteúdo de diacilgliceróis (DAG) e inversamente proporcional à cor Abstract: The formation of toxic compounds in food during processing is a widely studied topic. Among these contaminants, monochloropropanols, including esters of 3-MCPD (3-MCPDE) and 2-MCPD (2-MCPDE), and esters of glycidol (GE) have attracted worldwide attention. Produced by thermal processing, these compounds are found in refined vegetable oils, especially in palm oil. The refining of vegetable oils, especially the deodorization step, employs temperatures above 200 °C, which is sufficient to trigger reactions that result in the formation of these substances through a combination of precursors naturally present in the raw material. When ingested, these esters can be hydrolyzed in the gastrointestinal tract, releasing their free forms and posing a health risk to consumers, as 3-MCPD has the potential to affect primarily the kidney while glycidol is genotoxic and carcinogenic. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies 3-MCPD and glycidol in groups 2B (possible human carcinogen) and 2A (probable human carcinogen), respectively. Although there are some studies on the formation of these contaminants in vegetable oils, there is no confirmation of the major route and exact precursors involved in these mechanisms. In order to generate data for a better understanding of the formation of these esters, the present study evaluated the formation profile of 3-MCPDE, 2-MCDPE and GE during the deodorization of palm oil at four temperatures (210, 230, 250 and 270 °C ) and four times (30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes). In addition, physicochemical changes including % free fatty acids (FFA), composition of acylglycerols and colour (R: red; Y: yellow) were also analyzed and correlated with the formation of the compounds. The proposed analyzes followed the official methods of the American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS). For 3-MCPDE, 2-MCPDE and GE, values ranging from 1.91 to 2.70 mg/kg, 0.68 to 1.44 mg/kg and from 0.12 to 8.51 mg/kg were obtained, respectively. In general, the concentrations increased with the increase of the temperature and little influence of time was observed. The percentage of FFA and colour parameters (R and Y) decreased with the increase of time and temperature, as expected, while the composition of acylglycerols did not show significant changes under the tested conditions. Only GE showed correlation with physicochemical parameters, and it was directly proportional to the diacylglycerol content (DAG) and inversely proportional to colour Mestrado Ciência de Alimentos Mestre em Ciência de Alimentos CNPQ 2016/23958-3 FAPESP 168441/2017-9 CAPES
- Published
- 2019
37. Preferência alimentar de Opsiphanes inviraeem cultivares de palma de óleo
- Author
-
Patricia Surama Parise Maia, Ricardo Salles Tinôco, Arlindo Leal Boiça Júnior, Socorro Taynara Braga Cristo, Nara Elisa Lobato Rodrigues, and Paulo Roberto Silva Farias
- Subjects
lcsh:GE1-350 ,Larva ,Insecta ,General Chemical Engineering ,Opsiphanes invirae ,Food consumption ,lcsh:S ,Nymphalidae ,Biology ,Choice test ,lcsh:S1-972 ,lcsh:Agriculture ,Horticulture ,Resistência de plantas a insetos ,Palm oil ,Dendezeiro ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,lcsh:Environmental sciences - Abstract
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atratividade e consumo alimentar de Opsiphanes invirae por folíolos de diferentes genótipos de palma de óleo. Foram realizados testes com e sem chance de escolha, utilizando lagartas de O. invirae recém-eclodidas, com 12 dias de idade. Foram utilizados cinco genótipos, Deli × LaMe, Compacta × Ekona, Deli × Ekona, Compacta × Nigéria e Compacta × Ghana, plantados em 2008. No teste com chance de escolha, os genótipos preferidos foram Compacta × Ekona aos 3, 5 e 30 minutos, com médias de 1,70; 2,20; e 0,60 insetos, respectivamente; e o Compacta × Ghana às 48 e 72 horas, com médias de 0,80 e 1,10 insetos após a liberação das lagartas. O Compacta × Nigéria foi o menos atrativo e menos consumido nos dois testes com lagartas recém-eclodidas. Nos testes com lagartas de 12 dias de idadenão houve diferença para atratividade. No teste sem chance de escolha o tratamento Deli × LaMe foi o genótipo menos consumido, o Compacta × Ghana, embora pouco atrativo, foi o mais consumido em teste com e sem chance de escolha. O genótipo Compacta × Nigéria demonstrou resistência do tipo não preferência para alimentação com lagartas recém-eclodidas de O. invirae.
- Published
- 2018
38. Preferência alimentar de Opsiphanes invirae em cultivares de palma de óleo
- Author
-
Maia, Patricia Surama Parise, Boiça Junior, Arlindo Leal, Tinôco, Ricardo Salles, Farias, Paulo Roberto Silva, Rodrigues, Nara Elisa Lobato, and Cristo, Socorro Taynara Braga
- Subjects
Resistência de plantas a insetos ,Insecta ,Insect plant resistance ,Nymphalidae ,Palm oil ,Dendezeiro - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the attractiveness and food consumption of Opsiphanes invirae by folioles of different genotypes of palm oil. Choice and no-choice tests were performed using newly hatchet larvae of O. invirae aged 12 days. Five genotypes were used, such as Deli × LaMe, Compact × Ekona, Deli × Ekona, Compact × Nigeria, and Compact × Ghana, planted in 2008. In the choice test, the preferred genotypes were Compact × Ekona at 3, 5 and 30 minutes with insects size 1.70, 2.20, and 0.60, respectively, and the Compact × Ghana at 48 and 72 hours with insects sized 0.80 and 1.10, after the release of the caterpillars, while the Compact × Nigeria was the less attractive and less consumed in both tests with newly-hatched larvae. In the tests with caterpillars aged 12 days, no difference was found for attractiveness. In the no-choice test, the Deli × LaMe treatment was the least consumed genotype, the Compact × Ghana, although little attractive, was the most consumed in the choice and no-choice tests. The genotype Compact × Nigeria showed non-preference resistance for supply with newly hatched caterpillars of O. invirae. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atratividade e consumo alimentar de Opsiphanes invirae por folíolos de diferentes genótipos de palma de óleo. Foram realizados testes com e sem chance de escolha, utilizando lagartas de O. invirae recém-eclodidas, com 12 dias de idade. Foram utilizados cinco genótipos, Deli × LaMe, Compacta × Ekona, Deli × Ekona, Compacta × Nigéria e Compacta × Ghana, plantados em 2008. No teste com chance de escolha, os genótipos preferidos foram Compacta × Ekona aos 3, 5 e 30 minutos, com médias de 1,70; 2,20; e 0,60 insetos, respectivamente; e o Compacta × Ghana às 48 e 72 horas, com médias de 0,80 e 1,10 insetos após a liberação das lagartas. O Compacta × Nigéria foi o menos atrativo e menos consumido nos dois testes com lagartas recém-eclodidas. Nos testes com lagartas de 12 dias de idade não houve diferença para atratividade. No teste sem chance de escolha o tratamento Deli × LaMe foi o genótipo menos consumido, o Compacta × Ghana, embora pouco atrativo, foi o mais consumido em teste com e sem chance de escolha. O genótipo Compacta × Nigéria demonstrou resistência do tipo não preferência para alimentação com lagartas recém-eclodidas de O. invirae.
- Published
- 2018
39. Family Farming and African Palm Crops in the Municipality of Moju, Amazon Region of Para
- Author
-
Santos Nahum, João and Bastos dos Santos, Cleison
- Subjects
palm oil ,family farming ,cultivos de palma africana ,óleo de palma ,space of capital ,Amazon region ,dendeicultura ,município de Moju ,Amazônia ,território do capital ,municipio de Moju ,territorio del capital ,agricultura familiar ,Amazonía ,municipality of Moju ,African palm crops ,aceite de palma - Abstract
Resumo Analisamos os projetos de agricultura familiar no espaço rural do município de Moju desenvolvidos junto à Agropalma. Sustentamos que essa empresa se apropria da renda da terra via renda camponesa das áreas e dos usos sem estabelecer relações de assalariamento ou mesmo sem ser proprietária de terra. O trabalho esteve fundamentado em categorias, conceitos, teorias e métodos; coletamos dados primários por meio de trabalho de campo e entrevistas. Na primeira parte do texto, caracterizamos a expansão da dendeicultura, decorrente do Programa Nacional de Produção e Uso do Biodiesel e do Programa de Produção Sustentável de Óleo de Palma no Brasil; na segunda, os traços gerais dos projetos de agricultura familiar de dendê associados às empresas em Moju; finalmente, apresentamos as considerações finais, nas quais sintetizamos os resultados. Resumen Analizamos los proyectos de agricultura familiar desarrollados por Agropalma en el espacio rural del municipio de Moju. Sostenemos que esta empresa se apropia de la renta de la tierra, de las áreas y los usos, vía renta campesina, sin establecer relaciones de salario o sin ser propietaria de la tierra. El trabajo se fundamentó en categorías, conceptos, teorías y métodos. Recolectamos datos primarios por medio de trabajo de campo y entrevistas. En la primera sección del texto, caracterizamos la expansión de los cultivos de palma africana, ligados al Programa Nacional de Producción y Uso del Biodiesel y al Programa de Producción Sostenible de Aceite de Palma en Brasil; en la segunda, los rasgos generales de los proyectos de agricultura familiar de palma africana relacionados con las empresas en Moju; por fin, presentamos las consideraciones finales, en las que sintetizamos los resultados. Abstract Our analysis of family farming projects developed by Agropalma in the rural area of the municipality of Moju showed that this company appropriated land income, areas, and use of the land by charging rent to peasants, without entering into a labor relationship with them and without owning the land. The work was based on categories, concepts, theories, and methods. Primary data was gathered through field work and interviews. The first section of the text describes the expansion of African palm crops in relation to the National Program for the Production and Use of Biodiesel and to the Program for the Sustainable Production of Palm Oil in Brazil. The second section sets forth the general features of the African palm family farming projects related to companies in Moju; and the last section offers some final considerations and a synthesis of the results.
- Published
- 2018
40. DO SÍTIO CAMPONÊS AO LOTE DE DENDÊ: TRANSFORMAÇÕES DO ESPAÇO RURAL NA AMAZÔNIA PARAENSE NO SÉCULO XXI/ From the peasant ranch to the batch of palm oil: the transformation of rural areas in the Amazon in Pará in the XXI century/ De la ferme paysanne au lopin de palmier à huile: transformations de l´espace rural dans l´Amazonie du Pará au XXIème
- Author
-
Cleison Bastos dos Santos and João Santos Nahum
- Subjects
Geography ,Amazônia ,agricultor familiar ,Amazon rainforest ,ESPACE ,Palm oil ,Forestry ,Camponês ,General Medicine ,rural ,Rural area ,dendeicultura ,Peasant - Abstract
Enfocamos algumas transformações no espaço rural impulsionadas pela dendeicultura na Amazônia paraense no início do século XXI. Objetivamos mostrar a trajetória da condição espacial de sitiante camponês para agricultor do dendê no município de Moju, precisamente na comunidade do Arauaí a partir da integração de 150 famílias ao projeto de produção de dendê familiar da Agropalma. O universo da pesquisa compõe-se de 44 unidades familiares integrantes dos projetos de dendê familiar I e III da comunidade do Arauaí, que estão integradas ao Grupo Agropalma. Para tanto, revisitamos literatura e legislação concernente ao tema, bem como realizamos trabalho de campo na empresa envolvendo o espaço rural dos municípios de Moju e Acará onde entrevistamos agricultores de dendê, representantes das associações produtoras das comunidades e das empresas integradas a cadeia produtiva, bem como a Empresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural do Estado do Pará (EMATER), Sindicato dos Trabalhadores Rurais e Secretaria de Agricultura.
- Published
- 2017
41. Subordinated territories: analysis of territorial development policies from oil palm production by Agropalma in the agrarian reform settlements in Pará
- Author
-
Oliveira Neto, Adolfo da Costa [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Fernandes, Bernardo Mançano [UNESP], and Nahum, João Santos [UNESP]
- Subjects
Aceite de palma ,Agrofuels ,Amazônia ,Agrocombustibles ,Territorial development ,Agropalma ,Agrocombustíveis ,Óleo de palma ,Développement du territoire ,Palm oil ,Desenvolvimento territorial ,Amazon - Abstract
Submitted by ADOLFO DA COSTA OLIVEIRA NETO null (adolfoneto@ufpa.br) on 2017-08-30T18:31:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Adolfo_Oliveira_Neto.pdf: 37360955 bytes, checksum: 454d1e4d0fb34748af3cf9c401f607bc (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-08-30T18:37:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveiraneto_ac_dr_prud.pdf: 37360955 bytes, checksum: 454d1e4d0fb34748af3cf9c401f607bc (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-30T18:37:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveiraneto_ac_dr_prud.pdf: 37360955 bytes, checksum: 454d1e4d0fb34748af3cf9c401f607bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-18 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Dans le 2004 et 2013, le gouvernement fédéral a mis en œuvre des politiques dans l'espace agricole en réponse aux pressions d'une part, les mouvements paysans sociaux et socio-territoriales et, d'autre part, les représentants de l'agro-industrie qui cherchaient permettre à leurs intérêts. Ces pressions ont abouti à des politiques qui ont cherché à renforcer les territoires paysans tandis que, d'autre part, a déplacé la capitale territoriale dans le domaine, notamment en encourageant la production de matières premières. La reconnaissance de ce conflit est le sujet de cette étude, enquête principalement la politique de développement territorial actuel visant à Amazon de dendecultura impacté les territoires paysans. Nous appelons les processus développés dans le nord-Pará, comme un champ de bataille en Amazonie où, de la mobilisation des différents sujets, cette politique a avancé à pas de géant. La coupe a été faite dans les actions du groupe Agropalma, qui est le chef de file national dans la production d'huile de palme et un pionnier dans l'intégration des bénéficiaires de la paysannerie subordonnée des programmes de réforme agraire pour la production d'huile de palme. La société opère dans Moju, Acará, Tomé-Açu et de la Thaïlande et la période d'étude a été de 2004 à 2013. Pour comprendre l'objet, il y avait une recherche quantitative et qualitative, en utilisant l'analyse documentaire, la collecte de données de l'analyse de documents , la production de données statistiques, des entretiens semi-structurés et observations sur le terrain menées dans le complexe I Agropalma et des établissements de développement communautaire I Arauaí, II et Soledad Arauaí. L'analyse indique qu'il existe une hégémonie du paradigme du capitalisme agraire dans le discours et dans les actions de l'Etat, la société et les deux associations de développement communautaire représentant les sujets qui sont intégrés dans Agropalma. Cette hégémonie est associée à la reprise de la culture du palmier à huile comme une nouvelle culture du cycle d'alimentation dans l'Amazone et le contrôle du système d'exploitation de palmier à huile sur le territoire du Pará nord-est du modèle agro-industrie que l'on appelle. Ce contrôle a restructuré le terrain dans la région ayant un impact direct le volume et la zone pour le bétail, l'extraction du bois et la production de manioc, les principales activités développées dans la région. Depuis le début de ses activités dans les années 1980 jusqu'à la fin de la période considérée, Agropalma était un système territorial qui permet l'intégration de la superficie cultivée, les industries de transformation de l'huile de palme, les routes, les ports et son centre commande, l'état de Sao Paulo. Dans les projets de règlement, il a été la consolidation du projet d'intégration subordonnée à l'intégration complète des terres paysannes à la logique de l'agro-industrie et la définition de leur revenu à la dynamique du marché boursier, sans aucun des sujets interrogés sont contre le mécanisme créé par entreprise ou ne pas être satisfait de l'augmentation du revenu que le projet représente. Cependant, même avec cette conclusion, la paysannerie résiste sur le territoire des chantiers de construction, la reprise de la production de farine de polyculture et du petit bétail. Dans ce contexte, la subordination du territoire paysan ne signifiait pas l'extinction de la paysannerie subordonnée, mais sa récréation. Entre 2004 e 2013 o governo federal implementou políticas no espaço agrário como resposta às pressões, por um lado, de movimentos sociais e socioterritoriais camponeses e, por outro lado, de representantes do agronegócio que buscaram viabilizar seus interesses. Estas pressões resultaram em políticas que buscavam fortalecer os territórios camponeses enquanto que, por outro lado, avançaram a territorialização do capital no campo, incentivando principalmente a produção de commodities. O reconhecimento deste conflito é o objeto deste estudo, investigando principalmente como a atual política de desenvolvimento territorial pensada para Amazônia a partir da dendecultura impactou nos territórios camponeses. Tomamos como referência os processos que desenvolvidos no nordeste paraense, como um campo de luta na Amazônia onde, a partir da mobilização de diversos sujeitos, esta política avançou a passos largos. O recorte foi feito nas ações do Grupo Agropalma, que é o líder nacional na produção de óleo de palma e pioneiro na integração subordinada do campesinato beneficiário de programas de reforma agrária para a produção de óleo de palma. A empresa atua nos municípios de Moju, Acará, Tomé-açu e Tailândia e o período analisado foi de 2004 a 2013. Para compreender o objeto, realizou-se pesquisa quanti-qualitativa, recorrendo à revisão bibliográfica, coletando dados a partir de análise documental, levantamento de dados estatísticos, entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observação de campo realizada no Complexo I da Agropalma e nos assentamentos de desenvolvimento comunitário Arauai I, Arauai II e Soledade. A análise indica que há hegemonia do Paradigma do Capitalismo Agrário no discurso e nas ações do Estado, da empresa e das duas associações de desenvolvimento comunitário que representam os sujeitos que estão integrados à Agropalma. Esta hegemonia está associada à retomada do cultivo do dendê como um novo ciclo de avanço do cultivo na Amazônia e o controle do sistema agrícola do dendê sobre o território do nordeste paraense a partir do modelo denominado de agronegócio. Este controle reestruturou o campo na região e impactou diretamente no volume e área destinada à pecuária, extrativismo de madeira e produção de mandioca, como principais atividades desenvolvidas na região. Desde o início das suas atividades na década de 1980 até o final do período analisado, a Agropalma constituiu um sistema territorial que permite a integração entre as áreas de cultivo, as industrias de processamento do óleo de palma, as estradas, portos e o seu centro de comando, estado de São Paulo. Nos projetos de assentamento, tem-se a consolidação do projeto de integração subordinada, com integração completa do território camponês à lógica do agronegócio e a definição da sua renda às dinâmicas da bolsa de valores sem que nenhum dos sujeitos entrevistados seja contra o mecanismo criado pela empresa ou não esteja satisfeito com o incremento da renda que o projeto representa. No entanto, mesmo com esta constatação, o campesinato resiste no território a partir da construção de sítios, retomada da policultura, produção de farinha e criação de pequenos animais. Neste contexto, a subordinação do território camponês não significou a extinção do campesinato subordinado e sim a sua recriação. Between 2004 and 2013, the federal government implemented policies in the agrarian space in response to the pressures, on the one hand, of peasant social and socio-territorial movements, and, on the other hand, agribusiness representatives who sought to make their interests feasible. These pressures resulted in policies that sought to strengthen the peasant territories while, on the other hand, they advanced the territorialization of capital in the countryside, mainly encouraging the production of commodities. The recognition of this conflict is the object of this study, investigating mainly how the current territorial development policy designed for the Amazon from the dendeculture impacted on the peasant territories. We take as a reference the processes developed in the northeast of Para, as a field of struggle in the Amazon where, from the mobilization of several subjects, this policy has advanced in stride. The cut was made in the actions of the Agropalma Group, which is the national leader in the production of palm oil and pioneer in the subordinate integration of the peasantry beneficiary of agrarian reform programs for the production of palm oil. The company operates in the municipalities of Moju, Acará, Tomé-açu and Thailandia and the period analyzed was from 2004 to 2013. In order to understand the object, quantitative-qualitative research was carried out, using a bibliographical review, collecting data from documentary analysis , Statistical data collection, semi-structured interviews and field observation carried out in Complex I of Agropalma and in the community development settlements Arauai I, Arauai II and Soledade. The analysis indicates that there is a hegemony of the Agrarian Capitalism Paradigm in the discourse and actions of the State, the company and the two community development associations that represent the subjects that are integrated with Agropalma. This hegemony is associated to the resumption of palm oil cultivation as a new cycle of advancement of cultivation in the Amazon and the control of the palm oil system over the territory of the northeast of Pará from the so-called agribusiness model. This control restructured the field in the region and directly impacted the volume and area destined to cattle raising, wood extraction and cassava production, as the main activities developed in the region. From the beginning of its activities in the 1980s until the end of the analyzed period, Agropalma constituted a territorial system that allows the integration between the cultivated areas, palm oil processing industries, roads, ports and its center Of command, state of São Paulo. In the settlement projects, there is a consolidation of the subordinate integration project, with the complete integration of peasant territory into the agribusiness logic and the definition of its income to the dynamics of the stock exchange without any of the interviewed individuals being against the mechanism created by Company is not satisfied with the increase in income that the project represents. However, even with this finding, the peasantry resists in the territory from the construction of sites, resumption of polyculture, flour production and raising small animals. In this context, the subordination of peasant territory did not mean the extinction of the subordinate peasantry, but its re-creation. Entre 2004 y 2013 el gobierno federal de Brasil implementó políticas en el espacio agrario como respuesta a las presiones, por un lado, de movimientos sociales y socioterritoriales campesinos y, por otro lado, de representantes del agronegocio que buscaron viabilizar sus intereses. Estas presiones resultaron en políticas que buscaban fortalecer los territorios campesinos mientras que, por otro lado, avanzaron la territorialización del capital en el campo, incentivando principalmente la producción de commodities. El reconocimiento de este conflicto es el objeto de este estudio, investigando principalmente cómo la actual política de desarrollo territorial pensada para Amazonia a partir de la dendecultura impactó en los territorios campesinos. Tomamos como referencia los procesos que desarrollados en el nordeste paraense, como un campo de lucha en la Amazonia donde, a partir de la movilización de diversos sujetos, esta política avanzó a pasos agigantados. El recorte fue hecho en las acciones del Grupo Agropalma, que es el líder nacional en la producción de aceite de palma y pionero en la integración subordinada del campesinato beneficiario de programas de reforma agraria para la producción de aceite de palma. La empresa actúa en los municipios de Moju, Acará, Tomé-açu y Tailandia y el período analizado fue de 2004 a 2013. Para comprender el objeto, se realizó una investigación cuantitativa, recurriendo a la revisión bibliográfica, recogiendo datos a partir de análisis documental , Levantamiento de datos estadísticos, entrevistas semiestructuradas y observación de campo realizada en el Complejo I de la Agropalma y en los asentamientos de desarrollo comunitario Arauai I, Arauai II y Soledade. El análisis indica que hay una hegemonía del Paradigma del Capitalismo Agrario en el discurso y en las acciones del Estado, de la empresa y de las dos asociaciones de desarrollo comunitario que representan a los sujetos que están integrados a la Agropalma. Esta hegemonía está asociada a la reanudación del cultivo del dendê como un nuevo ciclo de avance del cultivo en la Amazonia y el control del sistema agrícola del dendê sobre el territorio del nordeste paraense a partir del modelo denominado de agronegocio. Este control reestructuró el campo en la región e impactó directamente en el volumen y área destinada a la ganadería, extractivismo de madera y producción de mandioca, como principales actividades desarrolladas en la región. Desde el inicio de sus actividades en la década de 1980 hasta el final del período analizado, Agropalma constituyó un sistema territorial que permite la integración entre las áreas de cultivo, las industrias de procesamiento del aceite de palma, las carreteras, puertos y su centro De mando, estado de São Paulo. En los proyectos de asentamiento, se tiene la consolidación del proyecto de integración subordinada, con integración completa del territorio campesino a la lógica del agronegocio y la definición de su renta a las dinámicas de la bolsa de valores sin que ninguno de los sujetos entrevistados sea contra el mecanismo creado por la empresa o no esteja satisfecho con el incremento de la renta que representa el proyecto. Sin embargo, incluso con esta constatación, el campesinado resiste en el territorio a partir de la construcción de sitios, retomada de la policultura, producción de harina y crianza de pequeños animales. En este contexto, la subordinación del territorio campesino no significó la extinción del campesinado subordinado, sino una estratégia de su recreación.
- Published
- 2017
42. The partnership model between companies and small farmers for palm oil production: A case study in Bel?m Endemism Center (PA)
- Author
-
Souza, Tatiana Martins de and Medeiros, Rodrigo
- Subjects
Contractual farming ,Biofuel ,Amaz?nia ,Recursos Florestais e Engenharia Florestal ,Biodiesel ,Palm oil ,Family farming ,?leo de palma ,Agricultura familiar ,Agricultura contratual ,Amazon - Abstract
Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2021-03-09T17:24:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Tatiana Martins de Souza.pdf: 1764051 bytes, checksum: 2e7df0a2a13a0cebd639129cb6f368bb (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-03-09T17:24:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Tatiana Martins de Souza.pdf: 1764051 bytes, checksum: 2e7df0a2a13a0cebd639129cb6f368bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-11 In a context of a search for more sustainable development models, the promotion of palm oil as a raw material for biodiesel production has boosted the expansion of palm cultivation (Elaeis guineensis) in the north of Brazil, seeking to leverage the region's social and economic development with the inclusion of family farmers in palm oil production chain through the integration between companies and small farmers. Through a case study with primary and secondary data gathering in Centro de Endemismo de Bel?m region in Par?, the objective of this study was to verify if the proposal of family farmers inclusion in the palm oil chain in fact brought positive benefits for this group and what paths should be followed to ensure farmers well-being and the preservation of their culture. The studied area is located in the state that is the main palm oil producer in Brazil (Par?) and covers the main producing municipalities. The results indicated that the participation of family farmers is still below the established goals, but for the family farmers sampled in this work, the partnership model is satisfactory and contributes to improvement in quality of life. Although they identify that the palm production facilitated land use by offering an opportunity for occupation and income generation on their property, they note that palm farming has an effect on changing the identity of the local community. Complementary policies that provide adequate technical assistance and funding for the promotion of other cultures are necessary to ensure the benefits provided by policies that promote palm oil, so that the expansion takes place in a sustainable manner, combined with the maintenance of cultural identity and income diversification Em um contexto de busca por modelos de desenvolvimento mais sustent?veis, a promo??o do ?leo de palma como mat?ria prima para produ??o de biodiesel impulsionou a expans?o do cultivo da palma (Elaeis guineensis) no Norte do pa?s buscando alavancar o desenvolvimento social e econ?mico da regi?o com a inclus?o da agricultura familiar na cadeia produtiva atrav?s da integra??o entre empresas e pequenos produtores. Atrav?s de um estudo de caso com coleta de dados prim?rios e secund?rios na regi?o do Centro de Endemismo de Bel?m no Par?, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar se a proposta de inclus?o da agricultura familiar na cadeia da palma de fato trouxe benef?cios positivos para esse grupo e quais caminhos devem ser seguidos para garantir o bem-estar dos agricultores e a preserva??o de sua cultura. A ?rea estudada est? inserida no estado que mais produz ?leo de palma no Brasil (Par?) e abarca os principais munic?pios produtores. Os resultados indicaram que a participa??o da agricultura familiar ainda est? aqu?m das metas estabelecidas mas para os produtores amostrados, o modelo de parceria ? satisfat?rio e contribui para a melhoria nas condi??es de qualidade de vida. Apesar de identificarem que o cultivo facilitou o uso da terra por oferecer uma oportunidade de ocupa??o e gera??o de renda em sua propriedade, observam que a cultura da palma tem efeito na mudan?a da identidade da comunidade local. O contrato que estabelece a parceria entre empresa e agricultor familiar no presente estudo de caso, embora cumpra grande parte dos requisitos estabelecidos pela literatura e legisla??o sobre o tema, apresenta pontos que ferem a isonomia entre as partes. Pol?ticas complementares que forne?am assist?ncia t?cnica adequada e financiamento para a promo??o de outras culturas se fazem necess?rias para garantir os benef?cios previstos pelas pol?ticas de promo??o da palma e para que a expans?o se d? de forma sustent?vel, aliada ? manuten??o da identidade cultural e ? diversifica??o da renda.
- Published
- 2017
43. Palm oil in diets for post-larvae of Nile tilapia
- Author
-
Alves, Luiz Fernando de Souza, Boscolo, Wilson Rogério, Oliveira, José Dilson Silva de, Freitas, Jakeline Marcela Azambuja de, and Nervis, Juliana Alice Lösch
- Subjects
Dendê ,Oreochromis niloticus ,Ácido graxo ,ENGENHARIA DE PESCA [RECURSOS PESQUEIROS E ENGENHARIA DE PESCA] ,Nutrição ,Palm oil ,Fatty acid ,Zootechnical performance ,Desempenho zootécnico ,Nutrition - Abstract
Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2020-10-07T18:32:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz_Alves_2017.pdf: 679109 bytes, checksum: 62c227f42f2cfe4b827fbcb6d8261fd9 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-10-07T18:32:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz_Alves_2017.pdf: 679109 bytes, checksum: 62c227f42f2cfe4b827fbcb6d8261fd9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-24 Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq The inclusion of lipid sources in diets for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) becomes a viable alternative as an energy source for low cost. The objective of this study was to include the palm oil in the diet of post-larvae of Nile tilapia, evaluating the performance, atrato and palatability of the diets, check the profile and quantify the methyl esters of fatty acids of the oil palm. We used 400 post-larvae of Nile tilapia with seven days after hatching (average weight starting at 28 ± 5 mg), distributed in 20 tanks of fiber glass cylindrical-conical with a volume of 20 liters. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. The treatments were included in a partial and total palm oil, with the inclusion of 0.0; 1.5; 3.0; 4.5 and 6%. Were observed concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids and saturated fats in palm oil, noting a high quantity of palmitic and stearic, oleic and linoleic acid. In the performance of post-larvae were observed significant differences (P0.05) for atrato and palatability of the diets. Based on the information obtained in the present study, it is concluded that the inclusion of at least 3% of palm oil in the phase of masculinization for post-larvae of tilapia contributes to the improvement of the productive parameters. A inclusão de fontes lipídicas vegetais em dietas para tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) torna-se uma alternativa viável como fonte energética de baixo custo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi incluir o óleo de palma na dieta de pós-larvas de tilápia do Nilo e avaliar o desempenho zootécnico, atrato-palatabilidade das dietas, bem como verificar o perfil e quantificar os ésteres metílicos de ácidos graxos do óleo de palma. Foram utilizadas 400 pós-larvas de tilápia do Nilo com sete dias após eclosão (peso médio inicial de 28 ± 5 mg), distribuídas em 20 tanques de fibra de vidro cilíndrico-cônicos com volume de 20 litros. O experimento foi realizado em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiam em incluir de forma parcial e total o óleo de palma, sendo a inclusão de 0,0; 1,5; 3,0; 4,5 e 6%. Foram observados concentrações de ácidos graxos monoinsaturados e gorduras saturadas no óleo de palma, sendo constatada elevada quantidade de palmítico, oléico e linoléico. No desempenho zootécnico das pós-larvas foram observadas diferenças significativas (P0,05) para atrato-palatabilidade das dietas. Com base nas informações obtidas no presente estudo, conclui-se que a inclusão de no mínimo 3% de óleo de palma na fase de masculinização para pós-larvas de tilápia contribui para a melhora dos parâmetros produtivos.
- Published
- 2017
44. Interesterified palm oil impairs metabolic parameters and glucose homeostasis in Swiss mice
- Author
-
Josiane Érica Miyamoto, Milanski, Marciane, 1972, Ribeiro, Ana Paula Badan, 1979, Carneiro, Everardo Magalhães, Lottenberg, Ana Maria Pita, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição e do Esporte e Metabolismo, and UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS
- Subjects
High-fat diet ,Fígado ,Liver ,Gluconeogenesis ,Gorduras interesterificadas ,Interesterified fat ,Óleo de palma ,Palm oil ,Dieta hiperlipídica ,Gluconeogênese - Abstract
Orientadores: Marciane Milanski Ferreira, Ana Paula Badan Ribeiro Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas Resumo: O processo de interesterificação consiste em uma alternativa tecnológica para a modificação da consistência de óleos e gorduras sem a formação de isômeros trans. A indústria de alimentos tem utilizado as gorduras interesterificadas como alternativa para a substituição das gordura parcialmente hidrogenada (trans), porém o papel deste tipo de gordura no metabolismo ainda é controverso. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar parâmetros metabólicos e a homeostasia de glicose em camundongos alimentados com dieta normocalórica e normolipídica ou hipercalórica e hiperlipídica enriquecida com gordura interesterificada de palma. Camundongos Swiss com 6 semanas de vida foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos experimentais: grupo normolipídico óleo de palma (OP), com 10% de lipídios provenientes do óleo de palma não modificado, grupo normolipídico óleo de palma interesterificado (OPI), com 10% de lipídios provenientes do óleo de palma interesterificado, grupo hiperlipídico (HLOP), com 60% de lipídios provenientes do óleo de palma nativo e grupo hiperlipídico interesrificado (HLOPI), com 60% de lipídios provenientes do óleo de palma interesterificado, os quais receberam a dieta experimental por um período de 8 semanas. O óleo de palma não modificado e óleo de palma interesterificado qumicamente tiveram suas composições em ácidos graxos, TAG e distribuição regioespecífica analisadas. O grupo OPI apresentou intolerância à glicose durante o ipGTT e maior área sob a curva de glicose durante o ipITT, maior ganho de peso e glicemia em jejum elevada quando comparado ao seu controle OP ao final do período experimental. Foi obsevado aumento do conteúdo proteico de PEPCK e elevada expressão gênica de IL-1ß e IL-6 no tecido hepático do grupo OPI, quando comparado ao grupo OP. Os grupos hiperlipídicos HLOP e HLOPI não apresentaram diferenças entre si. Quase todos as alteração observadas no grupo OPI não apresentou diferença estatística com relação aos grupos hiperlipídicos (HLOP e HLOPI). Este estudo mostra que o consumo da gordura interesterificada na dieta normocalórica e normolipídica teve repercussões negativas tanto em parâmetros metabólicos, quanto na homeostasia de glicose, além de promover o aumento de marcadores inflamatórios no tecido hepático quando comparada a gordura não modificada Abstract: Interesterification process provides an important alternative to modify the consistency of oils and fats without generating trans isomers. Interesterified fat has been used as an alternative to substitute partially hydrogenated fat (mainly source of trans fatty acids) in the food industry, the role of this fat in metabolism remains an uncertain controversy. The aim of this work was to evaluate metabolic parameters and glucose homeostasis in mice fed with normocaloric and normolipidic diet or hypercaloric and high-fat diet enriched with interesterified palm oil. Six-week-old male Swiss mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups submitted to either normolipidic palm oil diet (OP), with 10% of lipids from unmodified palm oil, normolipidic interesterified palm oil diet (OPI), with 10% of lipids from interesterified palm oil, high fat diet, with 60% of lipids from unmodified palm oil (HLOP) or high fat diet with 60% of interesterified palm oil (HLOPI) during 8 weeks. The groups received water and food ad libitum. The fatty acids composition, triacylglycerol composition and regioespecific distribution of dietary lipids source were analyzed. The weight gain was measured weekly, glucose tolerance test (ipGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ipITT) were performed after 7 weeks of diet, fasting glucose was measured and hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes and cytokines were evaluated. The OPI group showed higher weight gain, increased fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance was observed during the ipGTT and higher area under the glucose curve during the ipITT compared to OP group. We also observed higher protein content of PEPCK and increased cytokine expression in liver of OPI compared to OP group. The HLOP and HLOPI did not show any differences. The results showed that OPI group presented similar results when compared to both high-fat diet groups. These results indicate that substitution of palm oil for interesterified palm oil on normocaloric and normolipidic diet could modulate negatively metabolic parameters and glucose homeostasis, futhermore the interesterified fat upregulated cytokine gene expression in the liver Mestrado Metabolismo e Biologia Molecular Mestra em Ciências da Nutrição e do Esporte e Metabolismo CAPES FAPESP 2014/11751-0 FAEPEX
- Published
- 2017
45. Sistema de produção de mudas em híbridos interespecíficos entre caiaué e dendê
- Author
-
Alexandre Sanz Veiga, Raimundo Nonato Vieira da Cunha, Rui Alberto Gomes Junior, V. I. Franzini, Eudes de Arruda Carvalho, Fábio de Lima Gurgel, Leonardo Lopes Bhering, Antônio José de Abreu Pina, RUI ALBERTO GOMES JUNIOR, CPATU, Antônio José de Abreu Pina, Marborges Agroindústria S.A., FABIO DE LIMA GURGEL, CPATU, VINICIUS IDE FRANZINI, CPATU, EUDES DE ARRUDA CARVALHO, SIQ, Alexandre Sanz Veiga, Engenheiro Agrônomo, Consultor, Leonardo Lopes Bhering, UFV, and RAIMUNDO NONATO VIEIRA DA CUNHA, CPAA.
- Subjects
Manicoré ,Biology ,Two stages ,Interspecific hybrids ,lcsh:Agriculture ,Dendê ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Botany ,Palm oil ,viveiro ,Elaeis guineenses ,Palma de óleo ,nursery ,Cultivar ,lcsh:Forestry ,Production system ,lcsh:S ,Elaeis oleífera ,Sowing ,Forestry ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,040401 food science ,Horticulture ,Viveiro ,Seedling ,lcsh:SD1-669.5 ,Elaeis Oleifera ,Shading - Abstract
RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar três sistemas de produção de mudas de híbridos interespecíficos (HIE) entre caiaué e dendê, diferença entre 12 progênies de irmãos germanos do cultivar BRS Manicoré e a interação entre esses dois fatores. Os sistemas de produção avaliados foram: (i) viveiro de dois estágios com sombreamento inicial (sistema convencional); (ii) viveiro de dois estágios sem sombreamento inicial e (iii) viveiro de um estágio sem sombreamento inicial. Foram avaliadas as variáveis altura da planta, número de folhas e diâmetro do coleto aos 106, 191 e 393 dias após a semeadura. Em todas as variáveis e épocas analisadas, os fatores genótipo e ambiente foram significativos e o fator inteiração genótipo x ambiente não foi significativo pelo teste F. O melhor desenvolvimento das mudas no viveiro ocorreu no sistema de produção de uma fase sem sombreamento inicial. O viveiro de duas fases com sombreamento inicial, que é atualmente o mais adotado, resultou em menor desenvolvimento das mudas. ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate three systems of seedling production of interspecific hybrids of American oil palm and African oil palm (HIE), difference between 12 sib progenies of BRS Manicoré cultivar and the interaction between these two factors. The production systems were evaluated: (i) two-stage nursery with the initial shading (conventional system), (ii) two-stage nursery without shading and (iii) one-stage nursery without shading. The variables evaluated were plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter at 106, 191 and 393 days after sowing. In all variables and periods analyzed, the genotype and environmental factors were significant to F test, but the interaction genotype x environment was not significant. The best development of seedlings in the nursery production system occurred in one-step nursery without shading. The two stages nursery with shading in pre-nursery, which is currently the most widely adopted, resulted in lower seedling development.
- Published
- 2017
46. Novo catalisador heterog?neo magn?tico SiO2/KI/?Fe2O3 para rea??o de transesterifica??o em ?leos vegetais para produ??o de biodiesel
- Author
-
Macedo, Alice Lopes, Fabris, Jos? Domingos, Roa, Juan Pedro Bretas, Cavalcante, Luis Carlos Duarte, Pasa, V?nya M?rcia Duarte, Verly, Rodrigo Moreira, Nelson, David Lee, Pereira, M?rcio C?sar, and Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM)
- Subjects
?leo de soja ,Transesterification ,Biofuel ,Catalisador heterog?neo ,Transesterifica??o ,Palm oil ,Heterogeneous catalyst ,Biocombust?vel ,?leo de maca?ba ,Soybean oil - Abstract
Data de aprova??o retirada da vers?o impressa do trabalho. Incluir a Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM) como ag?ncia financiadora. Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-12-13T16:15:41Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) alice_lopes_macedo.pdf: 5251789 bytes, checksum: e988c8abc173c91e128980414db14ef9 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-01-03T12:17:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) alice_lopes_macedo.pdf: 5251789 bytes, checksum: e988c8abc173c91e128980414db14ef9 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-03T12:17:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) alice_lopes_macedo.pdf: 5251789 bytes, checksum: e988c8abc173c91e128980414db14ef9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM) A crescente demanda global por combust?veis l?quidos para transporte, gera??o de eletricidade, atividade industrial e produ??o agropecu?ria tem imposto planejamento de a??es direcionadas ao uso de fontes ambientalmente limpas de energia. Os derivados da biomassa s?o alternativas econ?mica e tecnicamente vi?veis aos de origem f?ssil, n?o renov?vel, ora dominantes na matriz energ?tica global. O biodiesel, l?quido formado por uma mistura de ?steres de ?cidos graxos, ? adequado ? opera??o em motores de combust?o interna de ciclo Diesel, em substitui??o ou em complemento ao petrodiesel, ou em outras m?quinas t?rmicas. O prop?sito central do presente trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de um catalisador s?lido economicamente vi?vel, quimicamente eficiente e ambientalmente limpo para a produ??o de biodiesel via processos de transesterifica??o de triacilglicer?is dos ?leos de maca?ba ou de soja, com metanol. Foi preparado o catalisador heterog?neo baseado em iodeto de pot?ssio impregnado em s?lica amorfa (SiO2; derivada de areia da constru??o civil) e misturada a um componente magn?tico sint?tico (maghemita, ?Fe2O3). As estruturas qu?mica, cristalogr?fica e hiperfina essenciais e as propriedades magn?ticas dos materiais precursores e do catalisador s?lido foram investigadas. O teor de ?steres e a composi??o dos biodieseis produzidos foram determinados por cromatografia de fase gasosa acoplada a espectr?metro de massa. A composi??o qu?mica do catalisador, verificada por espectroscopias de energia dispersiva sob feixe de el?trons e por fluoresc?ncia de raios X (FRX), confirmou a ocorr?ncia de Si, Fe, K, e I. As ?reas espec?ficas BET encontradas para os componentes individuais, SiO2, ?Fe2O3 e do catalisador SiO2/KI/?Fe2O3, foram 352, 102, e 19 m2 g-1, respectivamente. A significativa redu??o da ?rea espec?fica do catalisador aponta que os componentes foram efetivamente impregnados no suporte. A morfologia das part?culas visualizadas por microscopias eletr?nicas de varredura e de transmiss?o revela a textura esponjosa do catalisador SiO2/KI/?Fe2O3, similarmente ao suporte de s?lica; o ?xido de ferro magn?tico aparece como material altamente organizado, cristalino, disperso no suporte. Os dados M?ssbauer e da magnetometria do ?xido de ferro magn?tico puro e no catalisador confirmam ser a maghemita, resultando em uma magnetiza??o de satura??o do catalisador de 4,6 emu g-1. O catalisador SiO2/KI/?Fe2O3, usado na transesterifica??o de triacilglicer?is, na propor??o em massa em rela??o ao ?leo da am?ndoa de maca?ba de 4,5% e raz?o molar ?leo:metanol de 1:35, levou ? produ??o de 94,3 massa% de ?steres, ap?s 8 h de rea??o. Foi experimentalmente observado que a maghemita tem comportamento qu?mico-catal?tico sin?rgico com os demais componentes do catalisador. O SiO2/KI/?Fe2O3 foi reutilizado em seis rea??es consecutivas com ?leo de soja, na mesma propor??o do catalisador e raz?o molar ?leo:metanol de 1:35, com rendimentos de 94,5% e tempo reacional de 110 min, para o primeiro ciclo, e de 61,2% e 150 min, para o ?ltimo ciclo. O catalisador, antes e ap?s cada ciclo de reuso, e as al?quotas das rea??es foram analisados por FRX, que mostrou que n?o h? perda significativa dos componentes do catalisador. Os resultados demonstram uma perspectiva tecnol?gica que permite redu??o substantiva do volume de efluentes poluentes e utiliza??o de diferentes mat?rias-primas oleaginosas de alto potencial para a produ??o de biodiesel. Tese (Doutorado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Biocombust?veis, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. The global demand for liquid fuels destined to propel automobile motors and for all other types of transport has been growing significantly over the last decades in response to the needs of the population for mobility. These fuels are also necessary for the generation of electricity to support industrial and agricultural activities. However, the principal concern involved in the generation of mechanical work involves the threat that the effluents from burning fuels, particularly those from fossil origin, impart to the environment. Biomass-derived fuels are energetically, economically and environmentally interesting alternatives to the non-renewable fossil fuels, which still dominate the global energy matrix. Biodiesel, a liquid that is composed of a mixture of esters of fatty acids, is mainly suitable for use in Diesel-cycle internal combustion engines, totally replacing or partially complementing petrodiesel. The main purpose of the present work was the development of an economically viable, environmentally clean and chemically efficient solid catalyst for the production of biodiesel via the transesterification reaction of triacylglycerols from maca?ba or soybean oil with methanol. The proposed heterogeneous catalyst was based on potassium iodide-impregnated particles of amorphous silica (SiO2; derived from construction sand) mixed with a synthetic magnetic iron oxide (maghemite, ?Fe2O3). The essential chemical, crystallographic and hyperfine structures and magnetic properties of the starting materials and of the solid catalyst mixture were assessed by physical laboratory techniques. The ester content and the chemical composition of the biodiesel produced were determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The chemical composition of the catalyst, as determined by electron energy dispersive and X-ray fluorescence (FRX) spectroscopies, confirmed the occurrence of Si, Fe, K, and I. Specific BET surface areas for the SiO2 and ?Fe2O3 components and for the SiO2/KI/?Fe2O3 catalyst were found to be 352; 102 and 19 m2 g-1, respectively. The significant reduction in the specific area of the catalyst indicates that the solid components were intimately mixed and that KI was indeed impregnated on the support. The morphology of the particles, as visualized from the scanning and transmission electron microscopy images, reveals the spongy texture of the SiO2/KI/?Fe2O3 catalyst, which was quite similar to that of the initial silica support. The atomic framework of the magnetic iron oxide appeared to be a highly organized, crystalline nano-material, relatively well dispersed on the silica support. The M?ssbauer and magnetometric data for the pure magnetic iron oxide and for the catalyst confirm that the component is essentially maghemite. The resulting saturation magnetization of the catalyst mixture was 4.6 emu g-1. From the chemical point of view, this maghemite was found to act synergically with the other components of the catalyst and to significantly improve its catalytic activity. The transesterification reaction of triacylglycerols using the SiO2/KI/?Fe2O3 catalyst at a mass ratio corresponding to 4.5 mass% relative to the maca?ba kernel oil and a methanol:oil molar ratio 30:1 yielded 94.3 mass% of esters after 8 h of reaction. The SiO2/KI/?Fe2O3 catalyst was reused for six consecutive transesterification reactions of triacylglicerols in soybean oil employing the same mass proportion of the catalyst and a methanol:oil molar ratio 35:1. A 94.5% yield of esters was obtained after 110 min of reaction in the first cycle, and a 61.2% yield was obtained in the last reaction cycle after 150 min. The compositions of the catalyst before and after each reaction cycle, along with detection of residual chemical elements in the liquid mixture of esters formed, were duly monitored by FRX. There was no significant leaching of the catalyst components during the reactions. These results open a perspective for (i) a substantial reduction in the volume of polluting effluents and (ii) the use bio-oils from native Brazilian flora (maca?ba) as raw materials for the industrial production of biodiesel.
- Published
- 2017
47. Avaliação do desempenho ambiental e energético da fase agrícola da produção de cachos frescos de dendê no estado do Pará
- Author
-
Martins, Thatyana Santiago and Erasmo, Eduardo Andrea Lemus
- Subjects
Balanço energético ,Environmental impact ,Energetic balance ,Dendê ,Environmental management ,Impacto ambiental ,ENGENHARIAS [CNPQ] ,Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida ,Palm oil ,Life Cycle Assessment ,Gestão ambiental - Abstract
Com o salto no desenvolvimento advindo das Revoluções industriais do século passado, a necessidade de fontes energéticas que atendessem a esse desenvolvimento aumentou vertiginosamente; e os recursos de origens não-renováveis atenderam a essa indigência. Porém, com as crises do petróleo no final da década de 80, os governos perceberam a necessidade de diversificação de suas matrizes energéticas. No Brasil, o primeiro programa de produção de biocombustível tendo a biomassa como matéria-prima surgiu após a crise, mas com a recuperação do mercado petrolífero, o programa não se fortaleceu. No final do século passado, o impacto ambiental da exploração dos combustíveis de origem fóssil se tornou mais evidente; logo, acordos entre países foram firmados com a finalidade de reduzir as emissões de GEE. No ano de 2003, através de um decreto, foi criado o Programa Nacional de Produção de Biodiesel (PNPB), e em 2005 a Lei nº 11.097 tornou obrigatória a adição de biocombustível no diesel. Com o aumento da demanda de matéria-prima para a produção de biocombustíveis, as pesquisas com a finalidade de avaliar o ciclo de vida da produção da matéria-prima foram impulsionadas. Diante desse panorama, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho ambiental e energético da produção de cachos frescos de dendê no Estado do Pará, em relação aos plantios a Malásia, maior produtora mundial de dendê. A metodologia utilizada foi a Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida, normatizada pelas ISO da série 14 000. A etapa mais impactante da produção foi o preparo da área. Nas categorias de impacto, mudanças climáticas, eutrofização e acidificação, o plantio brasileiro foi menos impactante. Para o balanço energético, o Estado do Pará produziu 5 unidades de energia a menos que a Malásia, mas ainda assim, comparando a espécie com outras já utilizadas como matéria-prima para os biocombustíveis, é econômica e ambientalmente viável a produção de biodiesel à base de óleo de dendê. With the leap in development arising from the industrial revolutions of the past century, the need for energy sources that met this development has increased dramatically; and the non-renewable source of resources responded to this indigence. However, with the oil crisis in the late 80s, governments realized the need for diversifying their energy matrix. In Brazil, the first biofuel production program of biomass as raw material emerged after the crisis, but with the recovery of the oil market the program was not strengthened. At the end of the last century, the environmental impact of the exploitation of fossil fuels became more evident; therefore, agreements between countries were signed in order to reduce GHG emissions. In 2003, through a decree, the National Program for Biodiesel Production, PNPB was created, and in 2005, Law n.° 11.097 made the addition of biofuel in diesel a mandatory thing. With the increasing demand of raw material for biofuel production, researches in order to assess the life cycle of production of the raw material were driven. Before this background, the aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental performance and energy production of fresh palm bunches in the state of Pará, referring to plantations in Malaysia, world's largest producer of palm oil. The methodology used was the Life Cycle Assessment, standardized by the ISO series 14 000. The most striking stage of production was the preparation of the area. In the categories of impact, climate change, eutrophication and acidification, brazilian plantation was less impressive. For energy balance, the state of Pará produced 5 power units less than Malaysia, yet still comparing the species with others already used as a feedstock for biofuels, the production of palm oil based on biodiesel is economically and environmentally feasible.
- Published
- 2016
48. Determination of economic injury level for opsiphanes invirae Hübner, 1808 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in oil palm
- Author
-
Tinôco, Ricardo Salles [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Fernandes, Odair Aparecido [UNESP]
- Subjects
Amazônia ,Oil palm pests ,Economic Injury Level ,Palma de Óleo ,Palm Oil ,Pragas do dendezeiro ,Amazon ,Nível de dano econômico ,Opsiphanes invirae - Abstract
Submitted by RICARDO SALLES TINOCO null (tinoco.rs@gmail.com) on 2016-09-05T17:55:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Ricardo_Salles_Tinôco.pdf: 3233887 bytes, checksum: f65245f5717f6d1e7bba353e15c39c11 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-09-08T20:37:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tinoco_rs_dr_jabo.pdf: 3233887 bytes, checksum: f65245f5717f6d1e7bba353e15c39c11 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-08T20:37:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tinoco_rs_dr_jabo.pdf: 3233887 bytes, checksum: f65245f5717f6d1e7bba353e15c39c11 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-05 O óleo de palma destaca-se por ser a principal fonte alimentícia de óleo vegetal liderando a produção mundial seguido da soja. Devido à escassez de estudos básicos para manejo de desfolhadores em palma de óleo, este trabalho objetivou avaliar a resposta fisiológica das plantas sob desfolha e efeito da desfolha na produção, bem como determinar o nível de dano econômico. Esse trabalho mostrou que a injúria artificial com tesoura e natural por lagartas de B. sophorae não resultou em efeitos no processo fisiológico das folhas remanescentes em mudas de híbrido interespecífico (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. X Elaeis oleifera [Kunth, Cortés]) e, provavelmente, as plantas responderam com mecanismos compensatórios evitando assim interromper seus processos fisiológicos evitando a perda de água, mantendo seu processo autotrófico nos tecidos remanescentes. Os resultados mostraram ainda que a desfolha ocasionada pelas lagartas e a mecânica não apresentaram diferenças e que injúrias mecânicas podem ser usadas em estudos de desfolha simulada. Com isso, justificou-se o uso de desfolha artificial para estudar seu efeito sobre a produção. Paralelamente, obteve-se o consumo de área foliar total para larvas de Opsiphanes invirae Hübner, que foi de 286,064 cm2. O nível de dano econômico foi 5,14 e 2,98 lagartas por folha utilizando o produto Dipel® WP e SC, respectivamente para dados de perdas acumuladas em dois anos. Considerando apenas a injúria artificial obtida nas condições da Agropalma, o NDE utilizando Dipel® WP e SC foi de 3,72 e 2,15 lagartas por folha, respectivamente. Os valores atualmente adotados empiricamente para tomada de decisão pelas empresas são superiores aos valores encontrados nesse estudo, mostrando que devem ser revistos. Palm oil is notable for being the main food source of vegetable oil leading the world production followed by soybeans. Due to the shortage of basic studies for management of palm oil defoliators, this study aimed to evaluate the physiological response of plants under defoliation and effect of defoliation on the production, as well as to determine economic injury level. This work showed that the artificial injury using scissors and natural using B. sophorae larvae did not result in effects to the physiological process of the remaining leaves in interspecific hybrid seedlings (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. X Elaeis oleifera [Kunth, Cortés]) and, probably, the plants responded with compensatory mechanisms avoiding interruption of the physiological processes preventing the loss of water, keeping the autotrophic process in the remaining tissues. The results also showed that the defoliation either caused by the larvae or by scissors did not show differences and mechanical injuries can be used in simulated defoliation studies. Thus, this justified the use of artificial defoliation to study its effect on production. At the same time, the consumption of total leaf area was obtained for Opsiphanes invirae Hübner larvae, which was 286.064 cm2 and the level of economic damage to this species in oil palm. The economic injury level was 5.14 and 2.98 larvae per leaf using the product Dipel® WP and SC, respectively, using two-year loss data. Considering only the artificial injury obtained at Agropalma, the economic injury level using Dipel® WP and SC was 3.72 and 2.15 larvae per leaf, respectively. The current values empirically adopted for decision making by companies are higher than the values found in this study, showing that they must be reviewed.
- Published
- 2016
49. Maltodextrina e óleos em dietas de leitões desmamados
- Author
-
M.A. Trindade Neto, Mayra Anton Dib Saleh, V. Lo Tierzo, Lucélia Hauptli, Regina Maria Nascimento Augusto, and D. A. Berto
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,food.ingredient ,Chemistry ,Randomized block design ,food and beverages ,Maltodextrin ,Soybean oil ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,food ,Weaned piglets ,Palm oil ,Tukey's range test ,Dry matter ,ÓLEOS E GORDURAS VEGETAIS COMESTÍVEIS ,Food science - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of piglets fed two sources of oil (soybean and palm oil) combined with maltodextrin and a blend of palm oil microencapsulated with maltodextrin, as well as the apparent digestibility coefficients of these diets. A total of 162 piglets weaned at 21 days, with a mean initial weight of 5.42 ± 0.55 kg, were allocated in a randomized block design consisting of three treatments and 18 replicates of three animals each. The following treatments were evaluated: T 1 : diet containing soybean oil [3.03% in the pre-initial (I) and initial (II) diets] and maltodextrin (10.0% in I and 5.93% in II); T 2 : diet containing palm oil (3.03% in I and II) and maltodextrin (10.0% in I and 5.93% in II); T 3 : diet containing a blend of palm oil microencapsulated with maltodextrin (10.0% in I and II) and maltodextrin added to the blend (4.07% in I) so that the percentage of maltodextrin would be identical in the diets of the three treatments. The performance and digestibility data were submitted to analysis of variance using the MIXED and GLM procedures, respectively, of the SAS package and means were compared by the Tukey test (P 0.05) in DFI, ADG or FC were observed between piglets submitted to the different treatments. The ADC of dry matter was 4.25% lower (P
- Published
- 2016
50. Analisando a substitutibilidade no mercado mundial de óleos vegetais via transmissão de preços
- Author
-
Lucas Siqueira de Castro
- Subjects
Market integration ,Modelo Vetor Correção de Erros ,food.ingredient ,Colza oil ,Óleos vegetais ,Transmissão ,Óleos Vegetais ,Soybean oil ,HB1-3840 ,Toxicology ,food ,Alimentação ,Palm oil ,Economic theory. Demography ,Canola ,General Environmental Science ,Mathematics ,lcsh:Commerce ,lcsh:Economic theory. Demography ,Commerce ,General Engineering ,Sunflower ,lcsh:HB1-3840 ,lcsh:HF1-6182 ,HF1-6182 ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Palm - Abstract
This study analyzed the elasticity of price transmission in the soybean oil market for palm oil, sunflower and canola from October 1997 to September 2016. From the concepts of the theories of the relevant market and market integration, it were estimated an error-correction models (VEC) for palm, sunflower and canola oils. The results showed that in the long term, the markets palm, sunflower and colza oils are integrated with that of soybean oil, thus being substitutes. The impulse response functions indicated that unanticipated changes in soybean oil prices are not dissipated for other vegetable oils. The decomposition of the variance of the palm, sunflower and canola oils showed that in the last analyzed month, soybean oil accounted for 62.36%, 55.12% and 44.76% of their prices. Este trabalho analisou a elasticidade da transmissão de preços no mercado de óleo de soja para os óleos de palma, girassol e canola, entre outubro de 1997 e setembro de 2016. A partir dos conceitos das teorias do mercado relevante e da integração de mercado, estimou-se modelos de correção de erros (VEC) para os óleos de palma, girassol e canola. Os resultados mostraram que, no longo prazo, os mercados dos óleos de palma, girassol e canola são integrados ao do óleo de soja, sendo desta maneira substitutos. As funções de impulso resposta indicaram que variações não antecipadas no preço do óleo de soja não são dissipadas para os demais óleos vegetais. A decomposição da variância dos óleos de palma, girassol e canola mostrou que no último mês analisado, o óleo de soja é responsável por explicar 62,36%, 55,12% e 44,76% do preço dos mesmos. Este estudio analizó la elasticidad de transmisión de precios en el mercado de aceite de soja para el aceite de palma, girasol y colza desde octubre de 1997 a septiembre de 2016. Sobre la base de los conceptos de las teorías del mercado de referencia y la integración de los mercados, fueron estimados modelos de corrección de errores (VEC) para los aceites de palma, girasol y colza. Los resultados mostraron que en el largo plazo, los mercados de aceite de palma, girasol y colza se integran en el aceite de soja, y por lo tanto sustitutos. Las funciones de respuesta al impulso indicaron que los cambios no anticipados en los precios del aceite de soja no se disipan para otros aceites vegetales. La descomposición de la varianza de los aceites de palma, girasol y canola mostró que en el último mes, el aceite de soja es responsable de explicar 62.36%, 55.12% y 44.76% del precio de los mismos
- Published
- 2016
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.