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ABSTRACT The pressing of green coconut shell, aiming at the production of powder or fiber, used as raw material by the industry, generates large amounts of the green coconut shell liquid (GCSL), whose incorrect disposal results in environmental impacts. This study evaluated the potential use of GCSL as a source of potassium for young dwarf coconut plants. The experiment was carried out in pots, in a completely randomized design, applying seven treatments, comprising five doses of GCSL, which corresponded to 0% (G0), 50% (G50), 100% (G100), 150% (G150) and 200% (G200) of the need for K2O of the plants, a treatment with mineral fertilizer, corresponding to 100% of K2O supplied as KCl (K100), and another containing 50% of K2O as KCl and 50% as GCSL (G50 + K50), with five replicates. One hundred and twenty days after transplanting the seedlings, soil chemical attributes as well as growth and nutritional status of dwarf coconut plants were evaluated. Increase in GCSL doses altered soil fertility and reduced the percentage of live leaves of dwarf coconut. The G50 + K50 treatment did not differ from K100 for all variables of growth, except for % of live leaves, indicating the possibility of replacing 50% of the K2O dose recommended for the first year of dwarf coconut cultivation with GCSL.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paricá (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum) is an important native Brazilian species that has characteristics such as fast growth, high timber potential and use in reforestation projects. The aims of study was to evaluate the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on initial development of seedlings of paricá. The experiment was carried out in nursery of Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Parauapebas city, Brazil, adopting a completely randomized design, an 8 x 3 factorial scheme, the treatments were: TC: control, substrate only; TN: N fertilization; TP: P fertilization; TK: K fertilization; TNP: NP fertilization; TNK: NK fertilization; TPK: PK fertilization; TNPK: NPK fertilization; in three substrates (two agricultural soils and one native forest soil), with 10 replications. The evaluations of seedlings were carried out at 90 days after sowing, verifying that TNP treatment provided higher values for biometric attributes of seedlings, with values of 59.30 cm for height of aerial part; 8.90 mm for stem diameter; 8.90 g for shoot dry mass; 3.08 g for root dry mass; and Dickson quality index of 0.78. In initial phase of seedling development there was no influence for fertilization with K alone, while application of N with P promoted the highest initial development of seedlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of increasing rates of biochar produced with coffee straw, at two pyrolysis temperatures, on the chemical attributes of an Oxisol cultivated with conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) and on the nutrient content of coffee tree leaves. Treatments consisted of pyrolysis at two temperatures (350 and 600 °C) and of five biochar rates (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 Mg ha-1). The following soil chemical attributes were evaluated: pH in water; P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, H+Al, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn contents; effective and potential cation exchange capacity (CEC); sum of bases (SB); base (V) and aluminium (m) saturation; and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn contents in the leaves. The biochar produced at 600°C, at rates of 10 and 15 Mg ha-1, promoted a greater K release into the soil. Regardless of temperature, coffee straw biochar increased K and P availability, sum of bases, base saturation, and CEC in the soil, but did not influence macro- and micronutrient contents in the leaves. The addition of increasing rates of coffee straw biochar in the soil increases P, K, Mg, SB, CEC, and V, regardless of pyrolysis temperature.

Brazil has faced serious problems with the supply of potassium fertilizers in recent years. This has caused prices to rise and even shortages of the main potassium fertilizer used by producers, potassium chloride. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to evaluate a national potassium silicate (K6) as an alternative source to the use of potassium chloride for the green beans crop. For this purpose, green beans seeds cv. Macarrão Rasteiro were sown in the field at a spacing of 0.50 x 0.20 m. A randomized block design with four treatments and five replications was used. The treatments were constituted as follows: (i) control - without potassium fertilization; (ii) potassium chloride; (iii) potassium silicate - K6; (iv) 50% potassium chloride + 50% K6. Fertilizers were applied at the time of sowing and doses were determined based on soil analysis and recommendations for the crop. Plant height, shoot fresh and dry mass, pod fresh and dry mass, yield estimation and occurrence of powdery mildew were evaluated through severity scores. It was found that in terms of plant growth, there was no influence of potassium fertilization on plant growth. In addition, pod productivity showed a reduction throughout the evaluation period and little influence of fertilization. However, total pod productivity was higher in plants that received K6 compared to plants fertilized with potassium chloride. The application of K6 also contributed to the reduction of powdery mildew severity. Thus, we conclude that K6 is a viable source of potassium in substitution of potassium chloride for the green beans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In economic terms, the carrot is the main root vegetable and it is among the ten most cultivated oilproducing species in Brazil. Current study evaluates the productivity and commercial quality of carrot roots at different levels of simple superphosphate (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1 of P2O5) and potassium chloride (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1 of K2O) applied to the surface of the flower bed and incorporated with a hoe. Design comprised randomized blocks with 4 x 4 factorial scheme and four replications. Variables analyzed were total productivity and commercial roots, diameter and length of commercial roots. There was no significant interaction (p < 0.05) between phosphorus and potassium doses for the variables evaluated. Phosphorus and potassium doses were significant only for total yield and commercial roots, and the maximum yield of commercial roots was obtained by 255.8 kg ha-1 of P2O5 (39.5 t ha-1 ) and 174.0 kg ha-1 of K2O (37.6 t ha-1 ). Productivity increase averaged 49.5% with phosphorus dose and 31.6% with higher potassium dose without fertilization. The above showed the importance of adequate management of phosphate fertilization and potassium in carrots to obtain high yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grown in different regions of Brazil, mango is of great importance at the national level. However, mango cultivation is directly related to physiological factors such as photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll. Physiological factors are related to the nutritional balance of the plant. Among the nutrients, potassium (K) can be highlighted, which, despite not being a structural element for the plant, stimulates, or is part of several physiological plant processes. Therefore, an experiment was carried out with the purpose of evaluating, in the vegetative period of 'Palmer' mango, the effect of different sources of K to accelerate the maturation stage of mango branches and verify their influence on physiological indexes and chlorophyll. Treatments consisted of three ripeners and a control, which were applied directly to the branches and leaves of "Palmer" mango trees. The variables analyzed were chlorophyll A, B and Total indexes; Internal concentration of CO2; Stomatal conductance; transpiration rate; Net photosynthesis; Instantaneous Carboxylation Efficiency and Water Use Efficiency. After collecting, and analyzing the data, it was concluded that the vegetative period of the "Palmer" mango tree, in relation to the different evaluation dates, was not influenced by potassium sources. The use of T4 treatment (SpeedFol® induction mango) can provide a greater increment of chlorophyll A, B and Total than KCl and K2SO4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study aimed at evaluating production parameters of peach trees subject to different doses of potassium fertilization and at establishing the critical level of this nutrient in the soil and in peach tree leaves. The experiment was conducted in the 2016, 2017 and 2018 seasons in a commercial orchard located in Morro Redondo, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Peach trees of the cultivar Sensação were fertilized at the following doses: 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1 K2O as potassium chloride applied to the surface of the soil. In the 3-year study, production per plant, number of fruit, fruit mass and fruit diameter were evaluated while soil and leaf samples were collected to undergo chemical analyses. Potassium fertilization in peach orchards increases levels of this nutrient in the 0-20 cm soil layer. Potassium fertilization via soil increased potassium contents in peach tree leaves. Productivity of peach trees responds to superficial potassium application via soil but it does not affect mean fruit mass. The critical level between relative productivity and potassium content in the soil could not be established while the one between production and potassium content of leaves of peach trees was 2.84%.

Coffee is one of the most popular beverages in the world, however, little information is found regarding the mineral composition of commercial roasted and ground coffees (RG) and its correlation with organic bioactive compounds. 21 commercial Brazilian RG coffee brands - 9 traditional (T) and 12 extra strong (ES) roasted ones - were analyzed for the Cu, Ca, Mn, Mg, K, Zn, and Fe minerals, caffeine, 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) and melanoidins contents. For minerals determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), the samples were decomposed by microwave-assisted wet digestion. Caffeine and 5-CQA were determined by liquid chromatography and melanoidins by molecular absorption spectrometry. The minerals and organic compounds contents association in RG coffee was observed by a principal component analysis. The thermostable compounds (minerals and caffeine) were related to dimension 1 and 2, while 5-CQA and melanoidins were related to dimension 3, allowing for the T coffees segmentation from ES ones.

In Mozambique, the province of Manica is a reference in the occurrence and exploitation of alluvial gold. This mineral is currently explored on an industrial and artisanal scale. The extraction of gold consists on the removal of rich and poor sediments. Poor sediments as well as processing waste are discarded on the surface, covering soils rich in minerals and nutrients, leaving these poor to practice farming. Currently, agricultural production in artisanal gold mining sites has been reduced. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical parameters of soils in the areas of mining in relation to fertility for agricultural production, namely pH, Hg, Zn, NPK, MO and CTC. The study was carried out in the localities of Cacárue, Mucurumadze and Penhalonga, where 10 soil sampling points were chosen randomly at depths 0-20 and 20-40 cm in each of the localities, which were then homogenized respectively. These depths were chosen considering that it is the region with the highest concentration of nutrients for food crops. A total of eight samples were collected in each site, four with a depth of 0-20 and four with a depth of 20-40 cm. The results showed that the levels of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium were low and the pH ranged from 3.99 in Penhalonga to 5.80 in Mucurumadze. These results showed that some of the areas can be reused for agriculture, but for specific crops after soil treatment. Mining ativities in these locations compromise the quality of the soil, with regard to the standards required for agricultural practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Potassium is a mineral nutrient that affects the growth and quality of pineapple fruits. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of ‘Vitória’ pineapple fruits submitted to application of potassium doses. The experiment was carried out from May 2017 to November 2018, in the municipality of São Francisco do Itabapoana (RJ), Brazil. The design was randomized blocks, with four replicates. Treatments were five K2O doses: 0; 6; 12; 18 and 24 g plant-1, applied as KCl, split into two applications after flower induction. Fruit and crown fresh masses, fruit and crown diameters, fruit and crown lengths, titratable acidity, soluble solids, vitamin C, juice pH and soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio were evaluated. Potassium fertilization promoted greater fruit length, diameter and mass. Titratable acidity, soluble solids and vitamin C values increased linearly as a function of potassium doses. Potassium fertilization improves the quality of ‘Vitória’ pineapple fruits under field conditions.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the response of the BRS Tumucumaque cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cultivar to liming and to phosphorus and potassium fertilization in the absence of inoculation or nitrogen fertilization, as well as to inoculation with selected Bradyrhizobium strains, in an upland forest area in the state of Amapá, eastern Amazon, Brazil. Seven experiments were conducted in field conditions, in order to evaluate six limestone, four phosphorus, and four potassium rates, besides the inoculation with four Bradyrhizobium strains. Leaf nitrogen concentrations, pod and grain dry mass per plant, grain yield, and soil pH, Al+3, and Ca+2 + Mg+2 were evaluated. The obtained data were subjected to the analysis of variance, to the regression analysis, or to test to compare means. The soil presented a high buffer power, but liming reduced its chemical limitations. Leaf nitrogen concentrations were correlated to cowpea grain yield. However, there is no effect of the interaction between potassium and phosphorus rates on grain yield. In addition, grain yield is not influenced by liming and potassium fertilization, but is increased by phosphorus fertilization. Inoculation with the UFLA 3-84 and INPA 03-11B strains promotes a greater grain yield than that with BR 3262 and BR 3267, as well as a similar grain yield to that of the control without inoculation.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of the thermopotassium and thermophosphate agrominerals, as sources of P and K, in an organic pasture consortium of 'Marandu' Urochloa brizantha + Stylosanthes spp. in the Brazilian Cerrado. The organic management was compared with conventional farming using chemical fertilizers, during three years, in two adjacent experiments, one with and the other without previous growth of green manure (Crotalaria juncea). The management treatments were: conventional, with the application of 200 kg ha-1 potassium chloride, 260 kg ha-1 triple superphosphate, and 217 kg ha-1 urea; organic, with the application of 1.0 Mg ha-1 thermophosphate, 2.0 Mg ha-1 termopotassium, and 7.0 Mg ha-1 chicken manure; and control, without fertilizers. Soil fertility, dry mass production, and legume content in the pasture were evaluated. The experiment with green manure resulted in a significant increase in the soil-extractable contents of P and K and in pasture productivity. In the organic treatment, due to the slow release of agromineral nutrients, long-term effects are observed on the soil-extractable contents of P and K.

Copyright of Nativa is the property of Revista Nativa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nutrient concentrations in biomass components may vary with the component considered, plantation age and genetic material and its measurement is important to understand forestry nutrient management. Due to it, aboveground biomass production and nutrient accumulation and its potential removal through thinning in two species of Eucalyptus with five-year-old were evaluated in the southern of Brazil. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme, being 2 species (E. grandis and E. urophylla) and four diametric classes (C1: 3.0 - 8.8; C2: 8.9 - 14.7; C3: 14.8 - 20.6; C4: 20.7 -26.5 cm). Average annual accumulation of dry matter in both species was of 16.9 Mg ha-1. Biomass was mainly allocated in the stem (wood and bark). Trees’ canopy (branches and leaves) represent the smallest fractions, with only 14,3% of the total biomass. E. grandis showed highest values ​​of wood and leaf compartments. The highest content of N and K were found on the leaves, with N levels of 33.2 and 30.5 g.Kg-1 respectively to E. grandis and E. urophylla. Trees bark represent an important Ca and Mg reserve to the development of the plant, with values ​​of 18.02 and 3.24 g.kg-1 respectively. The mean concentration of Ca, N, K, Mg and P in the total biomass of the two species was of 528, 305, 200, 128 and 30 kg ha-1.

Due to the scarcity of water in the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil, in both quantitative and qualitative terms, the use of saline water in agriculture should be considered as one alternative for irrigated agriculture. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the photosynthetic pigments, growth and production of West Indian Cherry as a function of irrigation using waters with different salinity levels and potassium (K) fertilization, after grafting. The study was carried out in drainage lysimeters under greenhouse conditions, in a eutrophic Regolithic Neosol with sandy loam texture, in the municipality of Campina Grande, PB. The experiment was set in a randomized block design, to test two levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity - ECw (0.8 and 3.8 dS m-1) and four K2O doses - KD (50, 75, 100 and 125% of recommendation), with three replicates. The dose relative to 100% corresponded to 79.2 mg K2O kg-1 of soil. Irrigation with high salinity water stimulated the biosynthesis of chlorophyll b and carotenoids, while the chlorophyll a content and the growth of the cherry were reduced markedly in the post-grafting phase. The harmful effects of salinity on the total number of fruit and fresh mass of West Indian Cherry fruit were minimized with potassium fertilization.

Obesity is a worldwide public health problem, in the attempt to reduce weight and control obesity, a vast offer of diets that promise rapid weight loss, detoxification of the body has emerged in recent years and the media has influenced the behavior and contributed to the construction of an aesthetic model of the population through the definition of a standard of beauty. This research aimed to evaluate the nutritional composition of detox diets published in non-scientific magazines. The study is of a documentary and descriptive nature. The sample consisted of 52 diets present in paperback magazines, sold on traditional newsstands where the content covered was a detox diet. Values for energy, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids were calculated for all diets found. The data found were compared with the recommendation values according to the Dietary Reference Intakes (2005). In the analyzed diets 57.69% had insufficient amount of calories and 57.69% had adequate amount of carbohydrate, 84.61% of the diets had adequate amount of protein, 61.54% of the diets contained adequate amount of lipids. Regarding micronutrients, the diets showed an insufficient amount of calcium, copper, iron, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium and retinol. According to the elaboration of the diet, 80.77% were by nutritionists and 18.23% by other professionals. It is concluded that most of the menus analyzed in non-scientific journals presented inadequate nutritional values when compared to the recommendations, which can harm the health of the people who practice them. Key words: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For peach trees produced in southern Brazil, information about the influence of potassium fertilization on fruit quality remains scarce. This study set out to determine the physicochemical properties and bioactive compounds of peaches treated with different doses of potassium applied to the soil for three consecutive crop years. The experiment examined the Sensação cultivar in a commercial orchard in the municipality of Morro Redondo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, during the 2016, 2017, and 2018 crop years. Peach trees of the Sensação cultivar were fertilized with potassium (K); doses of 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg ha-1 of K2O in the form of potassium chloride were applied to the soil surface. After harvest, an assessment was made of the soluble solids (SS) content, titratable acid (TA) content, SS/TA ratio, pH levels, flesh color, skin and flesh firmness, total carotenoid content, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. The peaches' skin firmness, SS/TA ratio, and concentration of carotenoids responded to potassium fertilization, but only in some production cycles. Their color, flesh firmness, soluble solids, juice pH levels, total phenols, and antioxidant activity did not change with the application of potassium in the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI is the property of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective was to determine the energy values and the chemical composition of dry residue of cassava (DRC) for broiler chickens through two methodologies. The treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2x5 factorial arrangement, with two sexes and five levels of inclusion of RDC (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%), totaling ten treatments and four replicates, with four birds each. The experimental period lasted ten days, five days of adaptation and five excreta collection. The samples of excreta, feed and DRC were dried in forced circulation greenhouses air at 55 °C. The chemical composition for the DRC was 89.86% DM, 0.98% CP, 3519 kcal kg-1 EB, 0.19% EE, 27% NDF, 19.5% ADF, 0.33% calcium, 0.43% phosphorus, 0.46% potassium and 0.12% magnesium, in the natural matter. The mean values of apparent metabolizable energy (AME), AME corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) AME coefficient (CAME) and coefficient of AMEn (CAMEn) of DRC in natural matter were 1598 kcal kg-1, 1605 kcal kg-1, 45.42% and 45.61%, respectively. According to equations the AMEn value found may vary from 1789 kcal kg-1 to 1808 kcal kg-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occurrence of carrot leaf blight caused by Alternaria dauci can reduce the yield and prejudice the quality of the root. The objective of this experiment was evaluating the relation between incidence and severity of carrot leaf blight. The experiment was conducted with the cultivar Nantes in IFC/Campus Rio do Sul. The experiment was in randomized blocks with four replications and five treatments, with doses of 0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg.ha-1 for nitrogen (urea 45%) and four doses of phosphorus (P2O5) (0, 200, 400 and 600 kg.ha-1) and potassium (K2O) (0, 150, 300 and 450 kg.ha-1) in order to create a disease gradient intensity in different doses. The disease was found and evaluated in the last four weeks before harvest. The data were submitted to regression analysis. Using the best equation that fit in two crops and replacing the 1% severity value was obtained an incidence of 2.27%. The estimated severity based on the incidence or the opposite allows its use for technical assistance in monitoring of carrot leaf blight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a better management of fertigation in protected cultivation of vegetables such as snap beans, it is important to know the nutritional requirements of the plants. Thus, we aimed to characterize the biomass and macronutrients accumulation of bush snap beans genotypes. For that, an experiment was carried out in greenhouse, where the genotypes UEL-1 and Alessa were grown in plastic pots with coarse sand as substrate and fertigation by micro sprinklers. Each ten days, plants were sampled and measured the dry matter and the concentrations of elements such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S) for different plant parts, adjusting their accumulation over time by the gaussian model. The fresh pods yield (kg m-2) was also evaluated. The accumulation of biomass and macronutrients was intensified from 20 days after emergence (DAE), reaching maximum values near 50 DAE. The genotype Alessa presented a higher overall accumulation, while UEL-1 was more productive regarding fresh pods, characterizing such genotype as more efficient for using the macronutrients. For both genotypes, N had the highest accumulation, followed by K, Ca, P, S and Mg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the rigion Nordeste, the peanut is cultivated almost exclusively by family agriculture producers with low technological levels, in addition to the low use of inputs, essential to ensure better productivity. Objective to evaluate the performance and productivity of peanut subjected to doses of fertilization and spacing between plants, in the rainfed system and irrigation system. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of cariri. Two experiments were conducted in randomized blocks in parcel scheme subdivided, with four replicates.The plots were four doses of fertilization on sowing (0, 50, 100 and 150%) and the subplots two spaces between plants (10 and 20 cm). The peanut cultivar used was the BRS151L7. Sowing was carried out manually, depositing-if 5 and 10 as the spacing between plants. The harvest was carried out manually to 90 days after sowing.The variables population initial and final population showed significant (p < 0.01) to the spacing between plants in system rainfed and irrigation system. The mass of plants and grains per plant showed significant difference to 1% in the spacing for the irrigation system. In the fertilizing factor, the height of plants was the only variable that showed significance (p < 0.05). The application of 80% of the recommended dose of phosphorus and potassium is enough to meet the need of culture. The 10 cm spacing between plants was the best for culture. The use of supplemental irrigation has increased by more than 300% the productivity of grain and peanut pods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The objective of this work was to analyze the feasibility of vermicomposting for reuse of domestic organic waste (ROW). The work was carried out through pre-composting and vermicomposting. In the pre-composting and vermicomposting the treatments were tested: T1 (4:1:1 - Sheets + goat manure + DOW), T2 (4:1:0.5 - Sheets + goat manure + DOW), in the proportion of DOW in terms of volume, where the unit of measurement was a 15 L bucket. The pre-composting process was conducted over 30 days and the temperature was monitored daily. At the end of the pre-composting and vermicomposting process, the monitoring was carried out by means of humidity, pH, electrical conductivity, total carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, phosphorus and potassium analyses. In addition to the chemical characterization of the compounds, worm counts were performed at the beginning and end of vermicomposting. In the second stage of the process, the maximum temperature reached was 39° and 36°C after the 30th day, in treatments T1 and T2, respectively. In the third stage, the final pH was in the range of 6.4 to 6.6. The T1 treatment provided better adaptation of the worms. The values for C/N ratios reduced in all treatments, indicating the maturation of the compounds. Although the treatments do not present all the conditions required for commercialization, the work shows the feasibility and potential of using biodegradable organic waste to produce vermicompost as a practical and sustainable alternative for fertilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to assess the effect of acibenzolar-s-methyl, potassium phosphite, potassium silicate, and trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole products on curative control of powdery mildew (Microsphaera diffusa) in soybean. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a single factor scheme, containing five treatments with four replications. The products were applied on leaves at the V4 phenological stage, with disease severity of 5%. At 7, 14, and 21 days after the application of the products (DAA), the incidence and severity of the disease were assessed. The trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole reduced by 30% the disease incidence and 80% disease severity compared to the control. The inhibitory effect of the products on conidia production in vivo and its germination in vitro were also assessed. Trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole was more effective in the reduction of both conidia production and germination. Acibenzolar-s-methyl, potassium phosphite, and potassium silicate reduced conidia germination, but neither affected the disease severity nor the conidia production. Based on this, it can be concluded that the fungicide trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole reduced the production of conidia and inhibited its germination, showing curative and protective effect against soybean powdery mildew and that the resistance inducers tested interfered with pathogen germination, but without significant effect on the disease when applied after the onset of symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The upland rice farmers in Suriname use local varieties and low level technologies in the field. As a result, the upland rice grain yield is low, at about 1 000 kg ha-1. Our objective was to evaluate the use of upland rice cultivars from Suriname and Brazil, and the effect of nitrogen, N, phosphorus, P, and potassium, K, fertilizers on cultivation variables. We undertook four field trials in the Victoria Area, in the Brokopondo District, using a randomized block design each with four replications. The most productive rice varieties were BRS Esmeralda (grain yield 2 903 kg ha-1) and BRS Sertaneja (2 802 kg ha-1). The highest grain yield of 2 620 kg ha-1 was achieved with a top dressing application of 76.41 kg N ha-1 20 days after sowing. For P, the highest grain yield of 3 085 kg ha-1 was achieved with application of 98.06 kg ha-1 P2O5 applied at sowing. An application rate of 31.45 kg ha-1 of K2O at sowing achieved the highest grain yield of 2 952 kg ha-1. Together, these application rates of N, P and K resulted in rice grain yield of about 3 000 kg ha-1, which is three times greater than the national average for upland rice. We demonstrate that the use of improved rice varieties matched to the local conditions, and application of appropriate fertilizers, are management practices that can result in significant increases in rice grain yield in Suriname.

Abstract Hyperkalemia is one of the most common electrolyte disorders, responsible for a high number of adverse outcomes, including life-threatening arrhythmias. Potassium binders are largely prescribed drugs used for hyperkalemia treatment but unfortunately, there are many adverse events associated with its use, mostly gastrointestinal. Identification of patients at highest risk for the serious complications associated with the current potassium binders, such as colon necrosis and perforation, could prevent fatal outcomes. The authors present a case of a 56-year-old man with secondary diabetes and chronic renal disease that was treated for hyperkalemia with Calcium Polystyrene Sulfonate (CPS). He later presented with acute abdomen due to cecum perforation and underwent ileocecal resection but ultimately died from septic shock a week later. During surgery, a solid white mass was isolated in the lumen of the colon. The mass was identified as a CPS bezoar, a rare drug-mass formed in the gastrointestinal tract that contributed to the perforation. A previous history of partial gastrectomy and vagothomy was identified as a probable risk factor for the CPS bezoar development. Hopefully, the two new potassium binders patiromer and (ZS-9) Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate will help treat such high-risk patients, in the near future.

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI is the property of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the biomass production and the bromatological composition of three cultivars of Pennisetum purpureum Schum.: Cameron, Carajás and BRS Kurumi. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Cameron presented a production of 7,024.92 kg.ha-1 of green biomass (P<0.05) in relation to the 5,051.92 and 6,379.00 kg.ha-1 of Carajás and BRS Kurumi. The dry biomass production (BMS) was higher (P<0.05) for Cameron and BRS Kurumi (746.35 and 638.34 kg.ha-1), compared to Carajás (514.01 kg.ha-1). The crude protein was higher (P<0.05) in the Carajás (0.225 kg.kg- 1BMS) in relation to Cameron 0,190 kg.kg-1BMS, whereas the BRS Kurumi 0.215 kg.kg-1BMS was similar. The neutral digestible fiber in Cameron and BRS Kurumi were similar (P>0.05) (0.566 and 0.530 kg of NDF.kg-1BMS) and higher than the 0.457 kg of Carajás. The total digestible nutrients found in Carajás were 0.647 kg of DNT.kg- 1BMS, higher than 0.607 and 0.617 kg of Cameron and BRS Kurumi. The cultivars showed similarity to the acid detergent fiber, calcium, phosphorus, copper, iron and zinc, whereas magnesium and potassium were lower in BRS Kurumi. The study showed the feasibility of using the cultivars in the critical period for feeding ruminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge on the variability of plant nutrition and productivity in corn plantations with high productivity may provide important subsidies in the restructuring of inputs and in the management of soil fertility. Current research determines extraction and export standards of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur in high productivity corn plantations. Fifteen corn rows cultivated within the traditional system, featuring high productivity, were sampled in the Alto Paranaíba, MG, Brazil, for the agricultural year 2014/2015, and the productivity, extraction and export of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S were assessed. Accumulation of these macronutrients in the grains and total extraction had positive effects in corn productivity. Mass of one thousand grains was the most relevant productivity's component. N, P, K and S extraction and export increased linearly with increase of productivity. Results provide important data on the absorption and partition of nutrients of hybrids and allow the improvement of fertilizing recommendations for corn production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ambiência is the property of Revista Ambiencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective was to analyze the effects of a physical exercise program on blood markers, functional autonomy and level of depression. A total of 112 subjects with metabolic diseases controlled by hypocholesterolemia and hypoglycemics distributed in two groups participated in the study; group composed of 54 members with mean age of 62.11 years and control group (CG) with 58 individuals with a mean age of 63.03 years. It was observed that urea, creatine and potassium variables did not present an interesting difference between the two moments of the study, while TGP and sodium obtained reductions in mean values of 2.46 mg / dl and 10 mg / dl with a great effect of μp2 0.153, μp2 0.43 and significance p <0.047 and p <0.039 when comparing the two moments between the exercise / control groups. The quality of the force between the pre and post moments between the exercise / control groups showed an increase of 2.53 kgf of small effect of μp2,23 for the exercise group, while the control reduced. There were also differences between pre and post-training in the functional autonomy indicators of the CG groups. The GE reduced the levels of depression compared to the CG. It was concluded that physical training performed for 16 weeks was effective in reducing sodium levels, the TGP variable, increased strength levels of the upper limbs, as well as improving functional capacity and reducing depression levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crambe is a culture that has been outstanding due to its use as an industrial raw material, thus, it is necessary the potentialization both in terms of growth and productivity. However, studies evaluating the effects of potassium fertilization versus liming are scarce for this crop. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects that potassic fertilization and liming promote in crambe plants. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replicates, composed of three potassium doses (0, 40 and 80 kg ha-1 K2O) and four levels of base saturation (34-control, 40, 50 and 60%). The evaluated variables were: root and shoot biomass, grain yield and oil content. There was a significant effect on the interaction of factors in productivity. The potassium and the increase of the bases saturation levels influenced all the evaluated parameters. In view of the results, for the crambe culture, the doses of 40 kg ha-1 of K2O and 50% for base saturation are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lutas Sociais is the property of Nucleo de Estudos de Ideolgias e Lutas Sociais (NEILS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Australian cedar is a forest species of Meliaceae family with great potential for the production of hardwood. Studies related to fertilization and nutrition of this species are still incipient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and early development of the Australian cedar at different levels of fertilization with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) in a cerrado Oxisol. In this sense, the experiment was developed at IFMG - Campus Bambuí. The experimental design was randomized blocks, using five treatments and four repetitions. The treatments consisted of doses corresponding to 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of the recommendation for Eucalyptus. The best growth and development of Australian cedar, at 180 days after planting, was obtained when applied doses of 45 kg ha-1 N, 135 kg ha-1 P2O5 and 67.5 kg ha-1 K2O.

ABSTRACT The Orinoco region, is the one with the largest area for forest development. Nonetheless, some of its soils are acid and characterized by low fertility levels, which has considerably limited plantation productivity. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the effects of soil fertilizing and liming by using phosphorus and potassium on 34-month-old Eucalyptus pellita productivity. Tests have been carried out at: Villanueva, Casanare; Puerto Lopez, Meta and La Primavera, Vichada, under a random block design with a factor arrangement of 3x3x3, equivalent to: 0, 1 and 3 Mg ha-1 of dolomitic lime (LIME); 30, 75 and 120 kg ha-1 of P (P2O5) as well as 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 of K (K2O). Timber productivity volume was assessed 34 months after planting, obtaining significant differences. In Puerto Lopez, LIME effect on E. pellita growth followed a simple linear model, whereas a logarithmic behavior was observed in La Primavera and Villanueva. P2O5 effect (p0.05) on E. pellita growth. The results obtained indicate the positive effect on E. pellita growth in the three areas of study by using doses of approximately 1 Mg ha-1 of lime; and 120 kg ha-1 of P2O5 in La Primavera.

This study experimentally investigates the Kalsilite-Nepheline-Diopside-Silica system at high pressure and temperature, with emphasis on silica-undersaturated volume (leucite-nepheline-diopside — Lct-Nph-Di; and kalsilite-nepheline-diopside — Kls + Nph + Di — planes), at 4.0 GPa (~120 km deep), temperatures up to 1,400ºC and dry conditions, to better understand the influence of K2O, Na2O, and CaO in alkali-rich silica-undersaturated magma genesis. In the Lct-Nph-Di plane, we determined the stability fields for kalsilite (Klsss), nepheline (Nphss) and clinopyroxene (Cpxss) solid solutions, wollastonite (Wo) and sanidine (Sa); and three piercing points: (i) pseudo-eutectic Kls + Nph + Di + liquid (Lct62Nph29Di9) at 1,000ºC; (ii) Kls + Sa + (Di + Wo) + liquid (Lct75Nph22Di2) at 1,200ºC; and (iii) pseudo-eutectic Kls + Di + Wo + liquid (Lct74Nph17Di9) at 1,000ºC. Kalsilite stability field represents a thermal barrier between ultrapotassic/potassic vs. sodic compositions. In the plane Kls-Nph-Di, we determined the stability fields for Klsss, Nphss and Cpxss and two aluminous phases in smaller proportions: spinel (Spl) and corundum (Crn). This plane has a piercing point in Kls + Nph + Di(± Spl) + liquid (Kls47Nph43Di10) at 1,100ºC. Our data showed that pressure extends K dissolution in Nph (up to 39 mol%) and Na in Kls (up to 27 mol%), and that these solid solutions, if present, determinate how much enriched in K and Na an alkaline magma will be in an alkaline-enriched metasomatic mantle. Additionally, we noted positive correlation between K2O and SiO2 concentration in experimental melts, negative correlation between CaO and SiO2, and no evident correlation between Na2O and SiO2.

An electrolytic cell was developed to monitor soil modifications after crop fertigation with wastewaters from agroindustrial plants. The device was first calibrated with different levels of potassium chloride dissolved in aqueous solutions at various temperatures. Nernst´s model was used to fit the voltage indicated from the electrolytic cell versus the ionic activity of the potassium from the aqueous solutions of electrical conductivity and known ionic concentrations and the diluted wastewater samples. The equipment accurately indicated the tensions after appropriated correction of the electrical current and the temperature. The device estimated with accuracy the ionic coefficient of activity, the concentration of the potassium chloride and the concentration of the ion K dissolved in the agro-industrial wastewater.

Objective: To investigate the performance of food consumption markers of the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (Sisvan) in assessing the overall dietary quality., Methods: The study was carried out based on the reproduction of responses to markers in 24-hour recall data from 46,164 individuals aged ≥ 10 years, from the 2017-2018 Household Budget Survey (POF). Seven Sisvan markers were evaluated, and two scores were calculated for each participant, based on the sum of the number of healthy food markers (beans, fruits, and vegetables, ranging from 0 to 3) and unhealthy (hamburgers/sausages, sweetened beverages, instant noodles/salt snacks/crackers, stuffed cookies/sweets/candies, ranging from 0 to 4) consumed. Linear regression analyses were used to assess the association between scores and diet quality indicators (ultra-processed foods, dietary diversity, and levels of saturated and trans fat, added sugar, sodium, potassium, and fiber in the diet)., Results: The score of healthy eating markers increased significantly with increasing dietary diversity and potassium and fiber contents in the diet, while the opposite trend was observed for the densities of added sugar, sodium, saturated and trans fat (p < 0.001). The score of unhealthy eating markers increased significantly with the increase in the consumption of ultra-processed foods and densities of added sugar, saturated and trans fat levels in the diet, while an inverse trend was observed for potassium and fiber (p < 0.001). The joint analysis of the combination of the two marker scores showed that individuals with better performance (3 in the healthy food score, and 0 in the unhealthy food score) have a lower number of inadequacies in nutrient consumption., Conclusion: Sisvan food consumption markers, quickly and easily applied and already incorporated into the Brazilian public health system, have good potential to reflect the overall dietary quality.

Potassic fertilizers present a deficit in the production requiring an importation of 94% of the internal consumption. After a thermal treatment, K-bearing silicates with high content of K2O associated to limestone can make feasible a change in this scenario. In this work, chemical and mineralogical transformations in a mixture potassic rock-limestone are evaluated in order to release potassium, making it more soluble in soil conditions and available for the crops. A mixture of potassic rock and calcitic limestone below 74 μm and with a proportion of K2O/CaO=1:4, as well as the thermal treated products, were characterized by XRF, XRD, FTIR, SEM/EDS, TGA and DSC. The weight loss of the mixture in the reaction was measured as 21.35% and the relative net enthalpy of the process in the range of 720 to 910J/g. The rock minerals bearing potassium such as muscovite, biotite and microcline were converted to the feldspathoids leucite and kaliophilite, minerals which bear potassium in a less packed crystalline structure, what increases its availability in citric acid solution 2% m/m, from 2.8% to 28.6%. Therefore, the reaction shows as a possible route to be technically feasible to the development of potassic fertilizers from silicates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ceramica is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Ceramica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI is the property of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI is the property of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The recommendations of liming and fertilization for the different crops in the main producing regions of the country are based on the knowledge generated by researchers in the area of soil science. Interpretation tables for nutrient contents in the soil and tables with the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were elaborated for the different manuals published in some states / regions. Under the name of AGROFERT, a WEB system was created that aims to integrate the information of the correction and fertilizer recommendation systems for the states of Rio Grande do Sul / Santa Catarina and Paraná for the main grain crops and to evaluate the evolution of the characteristics of the soil. The system has a consistent scientific basis, allowing for more comprehensive recommendations that can be continually improved. To date, different existing computerized recommendation systems are specific to a single state / region and provide simpler information. The Agrofert system saves time, since its use does not require calculating, correcting and writing recommendations by the traditional method (Manual). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elephant grass ash (EGA) was produced at 700 °C, with two different treatments: hot water (EGAhw) or acid solution (EGAas). The efficiency of the treatments at removing the potassium oxide was evaluated with the aim of using the EGA as a pozzolanic mineral addition for cement-based composites. Characterizations were carried out by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), pozzolanic activity by electric conductivity and application of the kinetic-diffusive model. The analysis evidenced that the chemical treatment was more efficient for removing potassium oxide. The pozzolanic activity test and the kinetic parameters for the EGAas indicated that this ash is suitable for cement-based composites.