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Introduction: Dehydration is the contraction of the extracellular volume due to reduced fluid intake or water loss from the body, usually associated with electrolyte disorders. This hydroelectrolyte loss can occur through the skin, urine, respiratory tract and digestive tract. This article addresses dehydration due to gastrointestinal loss. Objective: To review the current clinical criteria in the literature for the indication of different rehydration modalities in the pediatric age group. Methods: The literature review was conducted by searching the PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO, and UpToDate databases, involving works published preferably in the last five years, in addition to other relevant literature on the topic. Conclusion: There is a clear trend of increasing studies that encourage oral rehydration and the use of a nasogastric tube for this purpose, in those situations where intravenous hydration would be used. However, about dehydration due to gastrointestinal loss, further studies are needed to create more conclusive therapeutic protocols that encourage the use of oral rehydration via nasogastric tube in children with severe dehydration, whose clinical condition allows, thus reducing the length of hospitalization and possible complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide is a public health concern worldwide and in Mexico. It is among the top five causes of mortality among the pediatric and young adult population. This article aims to inform the health professional of updated information on the comprehensive approach to the pediatric patient admitted to the emergency department due to a suicide attempt. First, we describe relevant data on the epidemiology of suicidal behavior in children and adolescents and the main clinical presentations in which a suicide attempt should be suspected. Next, we address the risk factors and possible triggers for suicidal behavior in children and some resources to help us identify and assess children with suicidal behavior. Finally, we discuss the comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach in the emergency department. With this review, we can conclude that suicide attempt is a problem that affects children and adolescents and has increased in recent years. Health personnel must be prepared to suspect and timely detect children and adolescents with suicide attempts. Also, identify and recognize possible clinical presentations, risk factors, and possible triggering factors, and have tools that allow for a risk assessment. Being multifactorial, this issue requires multidisciplinary, stigma-free, patient-centered, and trauma-informed care. And any intervention must be accompanied by a safety and follow-up plan at the time of discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: initially, it was believed that, in pediatrics, SARS-CoV-2 infection would be mild or asymptomatic. However, it is now known that children can present a very symptomatic condition, such as Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (SIM-P). Objective: to report the case of a seven-year-old child with SIM-P post-infection with SARS-CoV-2 progressing to cardiogenic shock. Method: qualitative descriptive case report research. Data collection was done from authorized copies of the medical records made available by the child's guardian, made official by signing the consent terms, TALE/TCLE. Case Report: girl, seven years old, presents to emergency care presenting persistent fever, vomiting, prostration and report of recent contact with an individual with flu-like symptoms. Upon admission, fever, diffuse and intense pain on abdominal palpation, coated tongue, fissures on the lip and hyperemic tonsils. This condition, associated with laboratory tests (increase in inflammatory markers, coagulopathy, myocardial injury and contact with SARS-CoV-2), defined a diagnosis of SIM-P, according to WHO criteria. A place in the Pediatric ICU was requested and Human Immunoglobulin was prescribed. Upon admission, it progressed to cardiogenic shock, using vasoactive drugs. After eight days in hospital, her condition improved. Conclusion: despite being multisymptomatic, gastrointestinal symptoms predominate in SIM-P. However, cardiovascular involvement is concerned due to the risk of unfavorable outcomes, requiring early recognition and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To describe difficulties and barriers for adherence to telephysiotherapu durint the COVID-19 pandemic. Experience report, conducted with relatives and individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) on internet, smarthphone or computer, to receive asynchronous telephysiotherapy care in the form of folders and videos. All participantes were required to complete an initial assessment, a quality of live questionnaire, and at end provide feedback about remote assistance and exercise frequency. Nine individuals participated in this study, and few completed all the stages. Five participantes provided feedback regarding the offered assistance, and the majority of responses indicated difficulties in performing home-based physiotherapy. relatives and individuals with CF became overwhelmed with online demands, as routine activies were being conducted "on screen" during that period, which negatively impacted adherence to tepehysiotherapy. These finding alerts healthcare professionals to reflect on adherence aspects when offering this modality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge of physiotherapists who work in public and private pediatric rehabilitation services about knowledge of F-Words, as well as to identify the main barriers to applying these tools in care. This is a cross-sectional study, conducted in accordance with the STROBE recommendations. The sample had a mean age of 28.1 ± 5.8 years, consisting of 54 physiotherapists who work in public and private pediatric rehabilitation services. It was observed that 55.6% of the sample had already heard about F-Words; 44.4% did not know about the importance; 94.4% establish therapeutic goals in partnership with the family; 57.4% had never heard of F-Words Tools; 77.8% never applied these tools in care. It is concluded that the F-Words are important, but are little used in assistance due to the lack of knowledge of physiotherapists in relation to the tool and instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood is the stage of life that is characterized by human development in various aspects, such as physical, psychological, affective, cognitive, motor, linguistic and social. In this context, it is essential to emphasize the importance of ludotherapy, which is one of the most relevant activities in childhood. Thus, the aim of the study was to identify the benefits of play therapy as a humanization strategy in pediatric care. The study method consisted of an integrative literature review carried out in the following databases: LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences), MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine) and SciELO (Scidentific Electronic Library Online). After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final sample consisted of 10 studies. The results of the study showed that play therapy is an effective strategy for humanizing pediatric care, as it provides a more positive and less traumatic experience for children hospitalized children. Thus, there is a need for professionals to be aware of these benefits and consider the use of ludotherapy as a complementary therapeutic strategy in the care of hospitalized children, as it contributes to the integral development of the child and to the promotion of their mental health and emotional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Cholelithiasis is defined as a disease caused by the presence of substances in the gallbladder, which causes an imbalance in the organ. The disease is considered rare in infants and has a low incidence in adolescents, while in pediatrics there has been an increase in the number of cases of the disease. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the general characteristics of cholelithiasis when manifested in childhood, as well as its possible complications and the treatments used by professionals in different cases. METHODOLOGY: The current research is characterized as an integrative review, of the descriptive type and with a qualitative approach. RESULTS: Regarding the clinical presentation, in childhood, this disease can manifest itself through nonspecific symptoms, cholelithiasis complicated with choledocholithiasis, pancreatitis or cholangitis, with jaundice, pain and fever, it can be asymptomatic and found accidentally, usually through of some examination such as abdominal USG, and the most characteristic symptom of the disease which is the typical biliary colic or cholecystitis. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: It was possible to identify in this research that the techniques used in the pediatric field and diagnostic methods that collaborate to differentiate the treatments to be performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To unveil the professionals' understanding of the recommendations of the central venous catheter insertion and maintenance bundle. Methods: A descriptive, exploratory, quantitative study carried out in 2020 in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a reference hospital in Minas Gerais. Results: 62 health professionals were interviewed, female (90.3%), aged 25-39 years (50%), Nurses (Nurse) (17.8%), Nursing technicians (NT) (58%) and Doctors (Med)(24.2%). Totally agree with the assertions: Bundle as an effective tool for reducing central venous catheter infection, Nurse (45.5%), TE (25%) and Med (26.7%); Maximum precautionary barrier should be used, Nurse (81.8%), TE (53%), Med (60%); Perform hand antisepsis when handling the catheter, Nurse (72.7%), ET (52.5%), Med (53.3%); Use 0.5% alcoholic chlorhexidine, Enf (72.8%). Indifferent to the previous statement, Med(53.3%); Avoid the femoral vein as the insertion site, agree Enf (54.5%) and Med (40%). Conclusion: The professional nurse has greater knowledge about the central venous catheter Bundle. It is essential that the entire team recognize and use this instrument for good catheter management practices and infection reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify the knowledge of the nursing team before and after the implementation of the pneumonia prevention protocol associated with mechanical ventilation. Methods: Quantitative descriptive study of the quasi-experimental type carried out in the pediatric units of a public university hospital in the northern region of the state of Paraná, in September 2018. The population consisted of nurses and nursing assistants/technicians. An instrument with objective questions was used, so that professionals individually marked before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the intervention. For the implementation of the protocol, the approach was used through an educational workshop. For data analysis, a chi-square test was used after a normality test considering p<0.05. Results: Six (16.7%) nurses and 30 (83.3%) nursing assistants/technicians participated in the workshops, 72.2% work in the area ≥10 years. After the workshops, there was an increase in knowledge regarding general information about pneumonia associated with ventilation, bacterial proliferation in the oral cavity and biofilm formation in the oral cavity. Conclusión: There was no statistical significance in almost all blocks, however it is noteworthy that the professionals' understanding increased with the teaching method, expressive and effective numbers of adherence to knowledge were found after the intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The care of children has become an alternative for diseases of prolonged treatment, such as the use of central venous catheters (CVCs) that require complex management. This requisite adequate and updated professional qualification through Permanent Health Education (EPS). This study aims to evaluate a professional training course in the care of central catheters at children's homes.This is an exploratory, descriptive cross-sectional study, with quantitative approach. The sample comprised 135 participants, including nurses and nursing students enrolled in the two editions of the course. Data were reported by Google Forms® and virtual learning environment (VLE) reports, using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, interquartile range, relative and absolute frequency) and analytical statistics (Student's t test), with a significance level of 95%. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. In the study, nurses predominated (60%), from Rio Grande do Sul (61.5%), female (86.7%) with a mean age of 31.3±8.6 years, with Latu Sensu training (49.6%) and by Primary Health Care (69.7%). As for the three aspects evaluated in the course (presentation, content and applicability to care practice), the means were (on a scale from 0 to 100 points): 95.3±7.10; 97.2±5.41 and 95.7±9.91. Professionals working in Primary Health Care rated the course as less applicable to their professional practice compared to others (89.0 versus 96.2; p=0.033). Based on the results, the course presented excellent assessment of the content, presentation and applicability in the participants' practice. In this way, it is believed that it was possible to improve the training of nurses and students to qualify nursing care for children using CVCs at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to analyze the level of fatigue in children and adolescents in palliative care using the pedsFACITF scale. After approval by the Research Ethics Committee of Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin, under authorization number 4,899,192, this study was carried out. The initial step was to fill in the general data sheet, with the objective of identifying factors that could generate fatigue. Subsequently, the pedsFACIT-F scale questionnaire was applied and, finally, the data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel. According to the score of each participant, we can observe that four participants had low scores and three participants had high scores, with this, most of the sample are patients who have symptoms of fatigue. Children and adolescents with chronic diseases and hospitalized have fatigue, mostly without severe symptoms, but showing the need for multidisciplinary care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the clinical diagnosis it is possible to identify some kinetic-functional disorders, elaborate the physiotherapeutic goals and choose the most appropriate resources and techniques. The objective was to analyze the clinicalprofile of patients treated in the child neurology sector in a physiotherapy clinic. This is an observational, retrospective study with descriptive statistical analysis. Data collection was carried out through the medical records of patients seen over a period of 6 years (2013 to 2018). The sample was represented by 255 children, median age 25 months, with a predominance of boys (60%). The average age at which the mothers became pregnant (25.8±10.34years), and the level of education was equal to or greater than high school completion (60%). Among the most incident diagnoses, we obtained motor delay and down syndrome. As for the treatment time, the median was 8 months. Understanding the type of child assisted in the sector creates a way to promote better care, guiding professionals, teachers and students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to know the experiences of mothers and doctors in relation to the statement of the Down syndrome (DS) diagnosis. This is a exploratory and transversal research, with a qualitative design. 9 mothers and 7 doctors participated. 16 individual semi-structured interviews were carried out. The data were transcribed and submitted to thematic content analysis. It was found that for mothers and doctors, it is a complex and difficult experience, permeated by ambivalent feelings. In mothers, sadness, fear and anguish predominate. Most of them felt dissatisfied in the way as they received the diagnosis, this was attributed by them and the doctors to the lack of preparation during vocational training. It is concluded that, some suggestions can guide the communication of the diagnosis, in order to favor its elaboration, namely: respect the time for the mother to observe and get to know the baby before receiving the diagnosis, communicate it to the mother with sensitivity and empathy, preferably in the presence of the other parent and a psychologist, try to emphasize the positive aspects of the baby's health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop a simulated scenario with a therapeutic toy for use in health education and to validate it. This is a methodological development research. Validated remotely through a structured form. The Content Validity Index was calculated and the comments of the six participating experts were analyzed. The scenario "Therapeutic toy for health education" as a means to guide the family member about tracheostomy, the checklist of expected behaviors, the Content Validity Index of 0.93 and the experts' comments pointed to the reproducibility of the simulated scenario created. The scenario was validated, it is expected to stimulate the use of therapeutic toys so that the technique is disseminated by nursing professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiorespiratory arrest (CPA) can be defined as the abrupt cessation of the heart's ventricular mechanical activity, along with breathing. Analyzing the knowledge of the nursing team of the municipal maternal and child hospital in Cacoal - RO on the performance of pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR); to evaluate the theoretical knowledge of the nursing team about the CPR 2020 protocol that work in pediatric patient care. Quali-quantitative study with a descriptive approach, with a transversal characteristic. The sample was obtained by convenience. Data were collected through a 14-question questionnaire, a questionnaire with multiple choice questions was applied to analyze the socio-demographic profile, and which evaluated theoretical-practical concepts of CPR care in pediatrics. The study is justified by the fact that the researchers have an understanding off the area of pediatrics, thus arising the interest in researching this topic and the degree of knowledge of professionals in the execution, and when observing the insecurity of nursing professionals facing a CRA, due to the lack of both theoretical and practical training. Thus, the opportunity emerged to analyze. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the nutritional, food and biochemical profile of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF) treated at a reference center in southern Brazil. Methods: Crosssectional study including patients with CF at a pediatric center in Florianópolis, from 2019 to 2020. Questionnaires with questions on sociodemographic, clinical, biochemical, 24- hour dietary recall, and anthropometric measurements were applied. Participants were stratified into age groups, infants (under 2 years); preschoolers (2-5 years), schoolchildren (5-10 years), and adolescents (≥ 10 years). Discussion: Periodic monitoring of nutritional status should be part of the routine of patients with CF, being essential to prevent the decline of the clinical picture. Results: Of the 102 patients included in the study, 52.9% were male, mostly white (87.3%), with a mean age of 6.11±4.63 years. Most patients (84.3%) were classified as eutrophic. When comparing the age groups, 81% of the infants had an excellent clinical score, the nutritional supplement was more used in the school group (90.9%); adolescents were diagnosed later (11.55±26.40 months), and 19.4% of them had CF-related diabetes. n infants, the serum albumin level had a lower mean and the serum phosphorus level showed a slight increase in relation to the reference value. Conclusion: In the present study, a decline in clinical score scores, the prevalence of CF-related diabetes, and higher food intake among adolescents were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of medicines containing drug information leaflets considering the treatment of pediatric patients is a problem frequently observed in hospitals, especially in the pediatric and neonatal intensive care unit (ICU) sectors. It is known that, for a treatment to be considered safe and effective, a series of clinical studies are necessary; however, a low number of these studies involving children are reported, mainly due to ethical issues that make conducting them difficult. Thus, few drugs prove to be suitable for treating these patients, making it necessary to resort to using off-label and unlicensed drugs. Drugs are classified as off-label when their use differs from their approved specifications, in turn, unlicensed products are classified in this way due to not having approval for marketing in the country or do not have proof of safety and efficacy. Preparation of organized study protocols, reporting information to parents and the child in a clear and objective way, bringing researchers and parents closer to establish a relationship of trust and conducting research at moments when the family is available are important strategies to facilitate conducting clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyze the distribution of childhood cancer and identify factors associated with delay in starting cancer treatment, in the state of Paraíba, from the Hospital-Based Cancer Registries (HBCR), from 2010 to 2018. Observational, descriptive and analytical study, with 896 records of children and adolescents (0-19 years), identifying epidemiological and clinical characteristics and compliance with Federal Law 12732/12 (maximum of 60 days to start treatment). Data were analyzed by logistic regression (a=5%). The results showed that 80.2% patients started treatment within the time prescribed by law (= 60 days). Individuals aged 10 to 19 years, with solid tumors, undergoing surgery and treated in one of the four HBCR in Paraíba are more likely to have anticancer therapy initiated after 60 days. The delay in starting treatment against childhood cancer is associated with epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pediatric cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meningitis is a disease characterized by inflammation in the tissue layers covering the brain and the spinal cord, can be caused by a wide range of agents, viral being the most prevalent, while the bacterial has higher lethality. In Brazil, meningitis is endemic and represents a public health problem. The objective of this study is to evaluate its epidemiological profile in Paraná (PR) between 2010 to 2020. This is an epidemiological, observational, transversal, descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The data were obtained through the notification aggravation system (SINAN). 15,745 cases of meningitis were identified, 59.06% in men and greater and lower incidence in 2019 and 2020, respectively. It was found that the number of meningitis cases in the PR in the analyzed period remained stable, although 2019-2020 presented a fall, which may be associated with the pandemic of Covid-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To outline the process of planning and developing a digital technology, serious game, aimed at assisting infant cardiopulmonary arrest by the nursing staff in an emergency care unit. Methodological study, developed according to Participatory Design in a Child Emergency Care unit. Participants corresponded to the nursing staff and expert judges. The construction of the game took place from the choice of the theme by the team, preparation of the script, referral to the computer team, making the game available to the subjects and subsequent evaluation. For that, the EGameFlow instrument was used. Expert judges evaluated the game as a technological innovation, attesting to its aptitude for application in the aforementioned population of interest. Given the potentially positive impact of using this type of tool in this complex care setting, the possibility of incorporating the use of the serious game into continuing health education strategies is envisaged, with a view to increasing the qualification of pediatric emergency care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic and recurrent condition, influenced by environmental factors, that requires frequent medical prescriptions. The aim of this study was to investigate if children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis treated at a public clinic reported exacerbation of the disease or self-care problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study. Data were collected from the medical records of patients aged < 18 years with atopic dermatitis treated at a public outpatient clinic in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The perception of disease exacerbation in children and adolescents was evaluated using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Poisson regression was used to estimate the risk of worsening of skin lesions according to the fear of COVID-19. Results: The study sample included 33 patients, of whom 70% were female and 57.6% lived in the state's capital city. Mean patient age was 9.6 ± 3.9 years, and mean time of clinic follow-up was 4.6 ± 2.9 years. The perception of disease exacerbation during the pandemic was reported by 81.8% of children/adolescents. Children reported increased itching (78.3%) and desquamation (60.9%), whereas adolescents reported increased redness (60%). The fear of contracting COVID-19 was associated with an eight-fold increased risk of worsening of skin lesions. Conclusion: The high percentage of children/adolescents with worsening of skin lesions and the association between disease exacerbation and the fear of COVID-19 reinforce the importance of a multidisciplinary approach that focuses on pathophysiological and psychosocial factors in patients with atopic dermatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Identify factors that influence the care of children with respiratory diseases in Primary Health Care. Methods: Integrative review carried out through research to the Virtual Health Library, in the LILACS, MEDLINE and IBECS databases, using the descriptors Respiratory Infections, Pneumonia, Asthma, Primary Health Care and Nursing, from 2014 to 2018. 165 publications were identified, with 34 articles selected in Portuguese. The data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: The results were grouped into the categories: health determinants, resolvability of Primary Health Care and nursing practice. It was found that birth, socioeconomic and environmental conditions are the main aspects that determine the manifestation or complication of respiratory disorders in children. Thus, they also influence the rates of Hospitalizations for Conditions Sensitive to Primary Care. To reduce these rates, the need to expand the resolution of Primary Health Care through nursing actions is evident. Conclusion: It is concluded that the nursing actions for managing the care of these children in Primary Health Care allow reducing the number of children in need of urgent / emergency care or hospitalization, promoting the control of acute and chronic respiratory conditions in care basic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the perception of professionals who experience the palliative extubation process. Methods: Qualitative, exploratory, descriptive study carried out in the pediatric palliative care unit of a public hospital in the state health network of Minas Gerais, in 2020. Results: Eleven health professionals were interviewed. Four thematic categories emerged: Knowledge prior to palliative extubation; Conduct planning; Communication between the team and sharing of care and Perception and understanding of the procedure. Professionals reported greater theoretical knowledge about palliative extubation, however, they stated that they understood the procedure better in practice. Some professional classes did not feel included in the care planning, which included a previous conversation with the patient's family members and discussion about the care plan. Failures in communication between team members were also evidenced by non-medical professionals. The procedure was understood by all professionals as necessary due to the child's clinical prognosis. Conclusion: It is necessary to carry out further research related to the perceptions of the multidisciplinary team regarding care strategies in palliative care units so that the conducts are aligned and there is greater involvement of the entire team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the clinical diagnosis it is possible to identify some kinetic-functional disorders, elaborate the physiotherapeutic goals and choose the most appropriate resources and techniques. The objective was to analyze the clinical profile of patients treated in the child neurology sector in a physiotherapy clinic. This is an observational, retrospective study with descriptive statistical analysis. Data collection was carried out through the medical records of patients seen over a period of 6 years (2013 to 2018). The sample was represented by 255 children, median age 25 months, with a predominance of boys (60%). The average age at which the mothers became pregnant (25.8±10.34years), and the level of education was equal to or greater than high school completion (60%). Among the most incident diagnoses, we obtained motor delay and down syndrome. As for the treatment time, the median was 8 months. Understanding the type of child assisted in the sector creates a way to promote better care, guiding professionals, teachers and students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pyoarthritis (PIOA), also known as septic arthritis, is an acute monoarthritis caused mainly by common bacteria, such as Staphylococcus or Streptococcus. Although PIOA in children is not common, it should not be underestimated as it can be associated with sepsis and result in severe dysfunction or death if not treated early and appropriately. Aim: To report a case of PIOA in a newborn treated at the Pediatrics Service of the Hospital Universitário São Francisco na Providência de Deus (HUSF), located in the city of Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil. Case Report: This was a 14-day-old newborn whose parents reported complaints of irritability, excessive crying during manipulation and decreased motility of the left lower limb, which was swollen and red in the hip region. The patient was evaluated by the Orthopedics team, who diagnosed him with PIOA, cleaning and draining the affected hip, followed by 21 days of combined antibiotic therapy, with complete remission of the disease. Conclusion: Due to its rarity, high morbidity and mortality rate and lack of international consensus on the best antibiotic therapy to be administered, IOP in newborns and children remains a major challenge. Its diagnosis should be performed quickly, seeking to avoid the occurrence of sequelae such as limb shortening or death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is an uncommon malabsorptive condition, most often caused by massive surgical resection of the small intestine, although it can also be congenital, especially in pediatric cases. SBS is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, reduced quality of life, and high healthcare costs. Aim: To report a case of SBS in a newborn treated at the Pediatrics Service of Hospital Universitário São Francisco in Providência de Deus (HUSF), located in the city of Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil. Case Report: It was a newborn who was referred to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Subsequently, the patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy with enterectomy, right partial colectomy, ileostomy, transverse colon burial using the Hartmann technique, appendectomy and cavity drainage. With severe malnutrition, the newborn received peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) until weight gain began (15g/day). After his nutritional status improved, he was discharged with outpatient follow-up. Conclusion: Although it is associated with high morbidity and mortality, pediatric SBS can be circumvented with the help of surgical procedures and subsequent PN, as demonstrated in the case reported here, which had a favorable outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Almost a quarter of the anesthetic procedures currently performed in children involve regional anesthesia. In turn, caudal block (CB) is one of the most widely used techniques in pediatric patients undergoing subumbilical interventions. Aim: Through an integrative literature review, to synthesize and evaluate the use of BC in pediatric inguinal surgeries. Method: This is an exploratory study, based on the method of literature review with evidence synthesis. The database chosen for the selection of works was PUBMED, using the following search strategy: (caudal[title] AND block[title]) AND inguinal[title] AND (pediatric OR pediatric). Results: The search was carried out in November 2022, and initially 13 studies were identified that met the aforementioned search strategy. After reading the titles and abstracts, no paper was excluded. Conclusion: In general, CB with bupivacaine proved to be a safe and applicable technique in pediatric inguinal surgeries, promoting good analgesia and showing few adverse effects. In addition, the use of CB with bupivacaine in association with tramadol demonstrated safety, in addition to promoting prolonged analgesia. Furthermore, the use of BC in association with dexamethasone, 2-chloroprocaine and levobupivacaine as main anesthetics were positively evaluated. However, when compared to paravertebral block, analgesic infiltration directly into the wound, quadratus lumborum block and transversus abdominis plane block, CB was considered inferior in terms of analgesia duration and pain scores. Finally, BC was superior in terms of analgesia when compared to the use of paracetamol suppository, in addition to analgesia comparable to ultrasound-guided ilioinguinal analgesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Juvenile dermatomyosis (JDM) is a rare disease, although it is the most common inflammatory myopathy in childhood. The early therapy has been shown to considerably decrease disease morbidity and mortality. Due to the rarity of JDM, describing new cases becomes of great value for the process of continuing medical education in Pediatrics. Aim: To report a single case of JDM treated at our Service. Case Report: This was a patient with a history of delay in motor development, who was admitted to our Service at the age of two due to a fracture of the left femur. After the first hospitalization, she continued with follow-up in outpatient clinics of different specialties, in an attempt to investigate her condition in a multidisciplinary way. Later, she was admitted again with fever and pain in the right upper limb. During follow-up with the rheumatologist, it was observed that the patient had characteristic manifestations of JDM, such as photosensitive malar rash, heliotropes and Gottron's papules. Subsequently, she started treatment with methylprednisolone in pulse therapy for three days, in addition to cyclophosphamide cycles, ending the therapy with prednisone 2mg / kg / day. Since then, the patient has been followed up. Conclusion: JDM, despite its usual rarity, has characteristic signs such as photosensitive malar rash, proximal myopathy, heliotropes and Gottron's papules, which should always be considered in the early diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, the identification of specific antibodies can be useful for the diagnosis of most patients, and unusual signs such as chorioretinopathy may indicate the presence of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic and recurrent condition, influenced by environmental factors, that requires frequent medical prescriptions. The aim of this study was to investigate if children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis treated at a public clinic reported exacerbation of the disease or self-care problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study. Data were collected from the medical records of patients aged < 18 years with atopic dermatitis treated at a public outpatient clinic in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The perception of disease exacerbation in children and adolescents was evaluated using the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Poisson regression was used to estimate the risk of worsening of skin lesions according to the fear of COVID-19. Results: The study sample included 33 patients, of whom 70% were female and 57.6% lived in the state’s capital city. Mean patient age was 9.6 ± 3.9 years, and mean time of clinic follow-up was 4.6 ± 2.9 years. The perception of disease exacerbation during the pandemic was reported by 81.8% of children/adolescents. Children reported increased itching (78.3%) and desquamation (60.9%), whereas adolescents reported increased redness (60%). The fear of contracting COVID-19 was associated with an eight-fold increased risk of worsening of skin lesions. Conclusion: The high percentage of children/adolescents with worsening of skin lesions and the association between disease exacerbation and the fear of COVID-19 reinforce the importance of a multidisciplinary approach that focuses on pathophysiological and psychosocial factors in patients with atopic dermatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Responsible for approximately 25% of all odontogenic cysts, the dentigerous cyst is the most common lesion among the developmental cysts of the gnathic bones. Its most prevalent site is the mandible. Very often, they do not bring symptoms or aesthetic changes, and therefore are discovered in routine consultations as a radiographic finding. The most common association of this cyst is with impacted permanent molars and mandibular canines. This article aims to report and discuss the case of a dentigerous cyst in a 9-year-old patient, associated with an impacted canine in the mandibular symphysis. As a therapeutic proposal, excision of the lesion was performed with removal of the associated tooth and peripheral osteotomy as an adjuvant treatment. The histopathological examination was compatible with a dentigerous cyst, and the patient has been followed up for two years, with no signs of recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify nursing interventions and analyze the survival of pediatric patients who used extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the post-op period of cardiac surgery. Methods: This is a prospective historical observational study with a quantitative approach. Data on the main nursing interventions were captured in the medical records during the immediate postoperative period. Subsequently, telephone contact was made to analyze the survival of children who used extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery. Results: There was a predominance of male gender 68.8%, infants 66.7%, white ethnicity 83.3%. We found 82 nursing procedures. In the patients who had hospital discharge (33.3%), it was performed for follow-up. Conclusion: The main nursing interventions for pediatric patients after cardiac surgery using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation indicated in this study were: multiparametric monitoring, care for prevention and / or control of bleeding, change of decubitus position, bandage change and observation of the patient's clinical change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nutrition plays an essential role in the survival and quality of life (QOL) of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Objective: This study aims to assess the relationship between nutritional status and QOL in children and adolescents with CF. Materials and methods: It is a cross-sectional study that analyzed patients aged 2 to 14 years with CF between May 2019 and March 2020. We analyzed sociodemographic data, clinical characteristics, nutritional status, and QOL by using the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Patients were divided into two groups by body mass index (BMI < or = 50th percentile). Discussion: Periodic monitoring of nutritional status should be part of the routine of CF patients, being essential to prevent the decline in clinical status and QOL. Results: 81 patients participated in the study, 56.8% male, 87.7% white; 41.3% were in the BMI = 50th percentile. When comparing the QOL domains concerning the BMI percentile, we observed a statistical difference in the domains of eating and weight for children aged 6 to 11 years. As for the domains of body image and eating, the participants were 12/13-year-old adolescents who's those in the BMI <50th percentile, obtained the lowest score. There was an association between QOL with age, sex, nutritional status, and clinical variables of CF patients. Conclusion: Patients who were at BMI <50th percentile obtained the lowest scores in the domains of eating, weight, and body image, supporting the hypothesis that nutritional status negatively affects QOL, especially in these domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To report the experience regarding the structuring of actions for the insertion of a culture of safety in pediatric orthopedic care. Methods: Descriptive study, experience report type, based on the National Patient Safety Program through the application of the Patient Safety Goals in daily nursing care from January/2019 to December/2019 in the pediatric ward of a reference institute in traumatology and orthopedics in Rio de Janeiro. Results: The incorporation of safe practices occurred through safety indicators based on the Safety Goals, which showed increasing advances in percentage indices and adherence strategies that favored professional recognition and satisfaction, leadership and teamwork. Conclusion: The actions taken to insert a culture of safety in pediatrics allowed the safety and quality of care, recommended by the Ministry of Health, to be incorporated as a new practice in pediatric orthopedic care. promoting the visibility and appreciation of nursing, with emphasis on replicability as a future proposal for the dissemination of good practices in health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify scientific productions on palliative care with hospitalized children with heart disease. Methods: This is an integrative review for the identification of national and international scientific productions about palliative care with children with heart disease, conducted in 2019. To selection of the scientific articles the following descriptors were used: child; congenic cardiopatics; palliative care; patient care; nursing and cardiology. From the material obtained, 67 articles were read, highlighting eight articles which met the eligibility criteria. Results: Palliative care are approached at diagnosis and continues even if the patient receives curative treatment or not, with the progression of the disease, there is an increase in palliative care assistance, from which they extend to mourning, the integration between curative and palliative treatment improves care coordination, avoids fragmentation of care, bringing as much physical, emotional, social and spiritual well-being as possible to the child and family. Conclusion: Despite the increase in Brazilian publications on pediatric palliative care, scientific studies on child care in palliative care are still scarce considering other diseases besides cancer and reporting the importance of the entire health team for the humanization of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the permanence of the Covid-19 pandemic scenario, which has been going on for more than a year and intensely mainly in Brazil, there is an urgent need to provide appropriate guidance to medical professionals regarding possible ways of acting in the face of patients, in order to preserve ethical and sanitary issues. In this essay, it is particularly important to emphasize the need to educate workers in the gynecology and obstetrics and pediatrics specialties in the most fruitful way, in order to provide adequate treatment for pregnant women, puerperal women and newborns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-medication is a common habit in Brazil, despite being considered a practice harmful to health, especially for children. This project proposes to examine self-medication in preschool children in the municipality of Aparecida d'Oeste - SP, Brazil. An interview was conducted by applying a questionnaire to 100 parents or guardians of children aged from 0 to 5 years. The data obtained were analyzed by descriptive statistics. The majority of the interviewees were mothers, with an average age of 32 years, and 93% declared to perform self-medication for children, even though 72.8% considered self-medication harmful to the child's health. The most commonly used drugs mentioned were paracetamol and dipyrone. After self-medicating the child, 5% reported the appearance of allergies. After self-medicating the child, 53.1% of the respondents reported taking them to medical appointments only when the symptoms remained. The main reason for self-medicating was related to the attempt to achieve symptom relief. Among the participants, 92.6% obtain information about medications from the pharmacist, package inserts, the Internet or relatives, or analyze previous prescriptions. A high rate of self-medication in children was detected, with mothers being primarily responsible for the use of antipyretics. Factors that have influenced the practice are related to the false impression that the symptoms are simple and that the medications used do not pose risks to the health of the child. Therefore, pharmaceutical care combined with educational actions aimed at the population become an extremely important tool for the rational use of medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The study aims to evaluate the impact of pharmacist-led counseling on the correct use of anticonvulsants given by caregivers to pediatric patients with epilepsy refractory to first-line treatment. Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed in a hospital in southern Brazil for 10 months with all the main caregivers of patients = 18 years hospitalized in the pediatric hospitalization unit, using 2 or more oral anticonvulsants at home and at least one of them needed pharmaceutical adjustment. The process of using anticonvulsants was evaluated through the Medtake test (which scores knowledge and ability of the caregiver in medication use process from 0 to 100%) at the time of hospitalization, after pharmacist-led counseling, and 1 week after discharge by telephone contact. Results: Twenty-five caregivers of pediatric patients were included and 22 completed the study because of loss to followup in the post-discharge period. The mean Medtake score was 77.5% (± 21.3%). After pharmacist-led counseling, the mean score increased by approximately 15% (p = 0.02). The main types of errors identified in the study were related to drug administration by enteral tube, use of split scored tablets, and drug administration at inappropriate times. Conclusion: The magnitude of the positive effect attributable to pharmacist-led counseling was 15% over the drug use process. This result is relevant for validation of the Medtake test in Brazil, as well as for sample calculation for intervention studies on pharmaceutical services conducted in the country for the pediatric population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the development of an educational game prototype for the prevention of common accidents in childhood. Methods: Descriptive study on technological development of an educational game prototype, from original research on the use of gamification as an educational tool for the prevention of childhood accidents. The development of the prototype was guided by the Design Thinking strategy, using scratch educational software which is a free online platform. The scenarios and characters were built with figures available in free internet access. Results: The prototype of the game was titled "Danger Detectives", with audience targeting children between 8 to 10 years of age. The phases of the game presents situations of risk of accident in the daily routine of the child and explains in a simple and interactive way how to avoid them. The game consists of ten scenarios, four of which are guidelines and six of the home, school, road and public park environments, where accident risk situations are exposed. Conclusion: The use of technological tools in health education actions allows the child to be a protagonist in the care of their health and well-being, the awakening of critical sense compatible with their age group can contribute to the reduction of accidents in childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate measures applied by nursing to prevent Pressure Ulcers in patients in pediatric intensive care unit, before and after training. Methods: Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study, developed in tertiary-level hospital. The sample consisted of 118 patients. Data collection was performed in the checklist format according to 3 variables: I) Related to sample characteristics; II) Related to risk avaluation for LPP and III) Related to risk identification for LPP. Subsequently, training was carried out and then a new collection, comparing the data. Results: LPP in the sector corresponded to 7.5% before training and 2.0% after. It can be identified that 57.4% of patients were exposed to the risk of pressure ulcers before and 60.9% after. It was observed at the bedside that, before training, only 46.2% of the patients were in the appropriate position established by the sector at that time of the day and after 92.1% were. Conclusion: There was an improvement in the performance of these preventive measures and the need for frequent training with health professionals. Nurses should work on improving these tools to better the evaluation of risk of pressure ulcers, as well as preventive measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to describe and analyze the bonds of the child-family binomial, before and after the diagnosis of cancer. Methods: This is a qualitative and descriptive study conducted with six families of children with cancer. Data collection occurred with guiding questions, construction of Genogram and Ecomap, from July to October 2017 in the participants' homes. Thematic analysis by Braun and Clarke was carried out. Results: The results were the broken bonds and those created before and after cancer. The main broken bonds were school activities, walks, living with the pet, and changes in food. The bonds created were new friendships in the hospital and the use of games and electronic games. Conclusion: recreational activities proved to be an interesting work tool to be used by health professionals, helping to build bonds, coping, and adapting the child and family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congenital Heart Diseases (CC) are defined by an imbalance in the cardiovascular structure and function that existed since birth. According to the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics (SBP), CCs affect about 8 to 10 children for every 1000 live births. This condition is associated with complications related to the hospitalization period, which is an expressive risk factor related to atypical Neuropsychomotor Development (DNPM), so the objective of this study is to identify the impact of Congenital Heart Diseases on the child's Neuropsychomotor Development. This is a systematic review of studies published in the PubMed, SciELO, PEDro, Lilacs and Capes databases. The Loney et al. Scales were used to assess the quality of the studies. (1998) for the cross-sectional study and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for case-control and cohort studies. After extracting data from the three included studies, it was observed that children with SCs between 6 months and 10 years of age, showed reduced skills: running and catching, jumping, sliding and throwing, kicking and rolling, reaction time of the non-dominant hand, as well as intelligence quotient score (IQ), visual motor interaction (IVM) and language ability. Therefore, children with SCs have a tendency to present atypical DNPM, since it generates changes in the development of motor function, IQ and language ability, in addition to presenting risk factors such as parental involvement and length of hospital stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the construction of educational technology on health education for children with type I diabetes mellitus. Methods: Methodological study based on the educational technology construction process of Teixeira and Mota. This study will present the literary review and development of educational technology. Textual construction was based on Piagetian Constructivism, demands perceived in situational diagnosis and literature review. The creation of the images was elaborated by graphic designer. Results: The textual construction focused on language adequacy and illustrations. Use of scientific terms was avoided. The information was built in a comic book format, the characters were designed to be colorful and there are gaps to fill in the names. Conclusion: Educational technologies are important tools used in the health education process, facilitate the performance of professionals, especially nurses, for comprehensive care and involve the patient in the teaching-learning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the process of preparation and administration of intravenous drugs in a pediatric hospital. Methods: Cross-sectional study of a quantitative nature. 135 observations were made of the process of preparation and administration of drugs intravenously in children. To assess the performance of professionals in the execution of each action in the process, the Positivity Index for Quality of Care was determined. The analysis was through descriptive statistics obeying the ethical precepts. Results: In the step prior to the preparation of the medications, all actions achieved satisfactory performance (≥70%). Of the fifteen actions for preparing medications, nine were satisfactory (≥70%). During and after the administration of six of the seven actions, they obtained satisfactory performance (≥70%). Conclusion: The findings regarding the study allow us to evidence that there are flaws in the process of preparing and administering medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research on emotional labor in nursing is already evident, however it is necessary to explain this field of intervention within its specific fields, namely, the pediatrics, which comprises several contexts. The purpose of this scoping review is to identify and systematize the publications availability within electronic research tools, about emotional labor in diverse pediatrics nursing care contexts, their focus, and which theories, models, algorithms and other practice guidelines which explains and sustain the emotional labor in pediatric nursing care. Following the Arksey & O'Malley (2005) methodology, 29 publications for review were identified, in which the scientific literature predominates (n=19), being the most studied pediatric contexts: pediatric inpatient service, pediatric palliative care and neonatal intensive care. Despite the lack of investigation within this scope, it appears that the emotional labor in pediatric nursing is valued, and its conception converges to a predominance of the focus on intra, inter and extrapersonal emotional labor (an integrative perspective). This review identifies research and development opportunities regarding the emotional labor concept in the pediatrics nursing care contexts, as significant gaps in qualitative and quantitative research were identified, including mixed studies, as well as the emotional labor in nursing conceptual and clinical models development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to verify the knowledge acquired by pedagogues and pediatricians about children's language, besides verifying the quality of the content of the virtual learning environment. Method: 54 professionals participated, being divided into a group of doctors (GD) (n = 27) with distance participation and a group of educators (GE) (n = 27) with face-to-face participation; they filled out three questionnaires: the Professional Profile Form, the Knowledge Investigation Questionnaire, and the Emory questionnaire. Results: the GE presented the average of hits greater than GD, however average percentage of GD was higher when compared to GE (GE 77,78%±18,70 versus GD 80,60%±12,55). Regarding the quality assessment and technological resources of the applied material, all the scales were rated at the level of excellence for both groups. Conclusion: the professionals acquired knowledge about the acquisition and development of child language and about the risk factors for language disorders. Moreover, they considered the virtual learning environment as excellent, thus evidencing the benefit of teleducation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transfusion of blood components in the neonatal context is frequent, being a routine practice for nursing professionals who work with this population. The objective was to analyze the knowledge of the nursing team regarding the specificities of the blood components used for transfusion of patients up to four months old. A quantitative, descriptive-exploratory study was carried out with nursing professionals working in the Neopediatric Intensive Care Unit of a university hospital. A form was applied containing questions on the topic. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. It was found that 62% of the interviewees had more than 24 months' experience with neopediatric patients, 50.7% had more than 10 transfusions in 12 months and 72.4% declared a feeling of aptitude for transfusion. The overall average of correct answers was 37.8%. The professionals' knowledge about transfusion did not show any difference between the variables profession, length of experience, feeling of professional aptitude and previous experiences with transfusion (p> 0.05), but allowed to infer a higher level of knowledge in professional nurses when compared to technicians of nursing. It is concluded that there is a need to improve the knowledge of nursing professionals about blood components, in order to guarantee greater safety in the entire transfusion process of children up to 4 months of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerebral palsy refers to disorders of motor development from primary brain injury that lead to musculoskeletal changes and limitations in activities of daily living. The PediaSuit consists of an orthopedic device composed of a specific dress that promotes the corporal alignment, aiming to reeducate the brain to recognize patterns of movements. This study objective to investigate changes in the motor performance of a child with cerebral palsy using the PediaSuit protocol. It is a case study of male, with five years of age and diagnosis of cerebral palsy type spastic diparesia. For the evaluation of the volunteer, the Gross Motor Function Measurement (GMFM) scale was used, an instrument that measures the motor ability in children with cerebral palsy. The protocol lasted four weeks, five times weekly and two hours per session. Gains in all GMFM dimensions were identified, indicating a possible improvement of the volunteer's motor development. It was concluded that the Pediasuit method improved the gross motor function and the static and dynamic balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mortality by different types of cancer in 0 - 4 yearold children and its distribution for the five Brazilian regions are investigated. Method: number of registered cases and deaths were retrieved derived from the National Institute of Cancer (INCA) and from the Mortality Information System (SIM/DATASUS). Information on live births was retrieved from SINASC for the period of analysis between 1996 and 2017. Results: types of cancer with the highest number of deaths notified were leukemia and cancers of the Central Nervous System. Number of death in children within the age bracket, with malignant cancer, reached 2,597, with leukemia, cancers of the Central Nervous System and neuroblastomas causing approximately 70% of deaths. Frequency of deaths with regard to cancer type indicates that cancers of the central nervous system had a 36.27% of deaths, followed by neuroblastomas, with 32.13%, leukemias, with 29.31% and cancers of the soft tissues, with 21.65%. The southeastern and northeastern regions of Brazil had the highest indexes. Conclusions: Results reveal high incidence of cancer cases and deaths in 0 - 4 year-old children, requiring constant investments for better access of patients to health systems where diagnosis and treatment are essential for the decrease of child mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congenital heart defects are problems resulting from malformations in the structure of the heart during embryonic development. It affects about 1 in 100 children and approximately 20% of them need surgical intervention in the first year of life. This study aimed to describe the profile of children with congenital heart disease who underwent cardiac surgery in a referral hospital in the Northeast. This is a cross-sectional, quantitative and descriptive study, with data collected from medical records of children with congenital heart disease who underwent cardiac surgery at the University Hospital of São Luís-MA, from January to December 2017. Of the 31 cardiac surgeries in the period described, 58% were female, with a mean age of 4 years, 77% from the interior of the state and 64.5% of heart diseases were acyanogenic. The results showed the profile of patients with congenital heart disease, mostly female, preschool age, with acyanogenic heart disease, interatrial communication type, and most did not live in the capital. There were postoperative complications, the most frequent being cardiac and the association of heart disease with some syndromes or malformations, especially Down syndrome. Thus highlighting the need for studies on the characteristics of this population and the factors that may influence the success of cardiac surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]