Search

This essay reviews the following works:

En ces jours de questionnement de l’impact de l’intelligence artificielle (IA) sur la sécurité pour l’humain, nous avons un devoir de prendre conscience de notre responsabilité sociale dans cet enjeu. La conscience résulte d’un processus évolutionnaire qui, selon Piaget, vient réaffirmer la notion d’une conscience génétique, à la fois raffinée et épanouie. Teilhard de Chardin propose que la « montée de conscience » s’élève en altitude pour élargir nos horizons en sortant de la biosphère pour entrer dans la « noosphère » retrouvée au zénith de sa progression. L’artiste et philosophe Zanis Waldheims (1909-1993) a constaté que « c’est voir là, toute l’histoire de la conscience qui devient véritablement conscience qu’à son dernier niveau supérieur, c’est-à-dire seulement qu’une fois que toute l’expérience de la vie est épuisée ». Sommes-nous arrivés à ce sommet où l’IA prends les dessus sur la conscience humaine? La sélection naturelle favorise-t-elle cette forme ultime de la conscience? Certains préconisent que l’IA permettra de résoudre les maux de la société tandis que d’autres nous avertissent d’une dystopie imminente. Cette analyse vient proposer une réconciliation téléologique de ces perspectives par l’entremise d’une cybernétique éthique et d’une géométrie exhaustive pour proposer le développement d’une conscience ultime.

ABSTRACT Rice (Oryza sativa) is among the most important crops worldwide; however, rice crops demand high water consumption. Future projections indicate reduced water availability and severe drought events, which may affect rice crops as the cereal is highly sensitive to drought stress. Thus, cultivars with lower water demand for irrigation or drought escape capacities are among the strategies to address this issue. This study aimed to assess five mutant rice genotypes in terms of growth cycle length, other agronomic interest traits, and drought response in the reproductive stage. The mutant genotypes evaluated showed a shortening of the growth cycle compared to the original cultivar, BRS Pampeira, representing a drought escape strategy. In addition, mutations did not negatively affect plant height and crop yield. However, similar to the original cultivar, mutants are not tolerant to water deficit in the reproductive stage. The genotypes evaluated have potential to be released as early cycle cultivars, which can reduce water demand during the harvest season while presenting a drought escape strategy.

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of social media marketing on South African consumers' brand selection in Durban, with the primary goal of determining the extent to which social media marketing influences consumers' decision-making when selecting a brand. This research used a quantitative research method and non-probability sampling approaches. Only 400 questionnaires out of 450 were collected. In this study, descriptive, and inferential statistics were used. The results of this study suggest that social media is an extremely effective communication tool that might be used to sway consumers' judgments when selecting where to buy. All users claimed to utilize computer-generated platforms, with Facebook being the most widely used. Customers claimed that the more information they learnt about a business through social media, the more they desired to purchase it, and the opposite was also true. According to the report, businesses should publish promotional events, competitions, and giveaways on their social media brand pages to increase customer interest and traffic. Another recommendation was for marketers to establish a personality who can effectively represent a brand on social media and give it a lively mood that will attract customers.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The interest in spinal endoscopy is rising, particularly among younger spine surgeons. Formalized postgraduate training programs for endoscopic spinal surgery techniques are lacking behind. Methods: The authors performed a retrospective survey study amongst participants of the 2022 AMCICO endoscopic surgery symposium. Descriptive and correlative statistics were done on the surgeon’s responses recorded in multiple-choice questions. In addition, surgeons were asked about their clinical experience and preferences with spinal endoscopy, training background, the types of lumbar endoscopic decompression they perform by approach, and future training requirements. SPSS (version 27) statistical software package was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistic measures were used to count responses and calculate the mean, range, standard deviation, and percentages. In addition, chi-square statistics were used to determine the strength of the association between factors. Results: The online survey was accessed by 321 surgeons, of which 92 completed it (53.4%). Demographic data showed the majority of responding surgeons being orthopedic surgeons (73.6%) and under the age of 50 (69.2%), with over half (51.1%) having less than three months of formalized training in endoscopic spinal surgery techniques. Most surgeons practiced uni-portal (58.9%) versus bi-portal (3.4%) spinal endoscopy. The transforaminal approach (65.5%) was preferred over the interlaminar method (34.4%). The bi-portal technique was indicated almost exclusively for the lumbar spine (94.8%). For endoscopically assisted spinal fusions, a uni-portal approach was preferred by 72% of surgeons over a bi-portal procedure (24.5%). 84.1% of respondents were interested in navigation, of which 30.7% preferred optical over electromagnetic technology (18.2%). Robotics was of interest to 51.1% of survey participants. Respondents’ bias was estimated with course attendance assessments, with 37% of surgeons having attended all three days, 27.2% two days, and 16.3% one day. One-fifth of responding spine surgeons did not participate in any curriculum activities but completed the survey. The academic impact of the AMCICO endoscopy symposium was high, with 68.1% of respondents indicating interest in continued training and 61.1% of trainees ready to apply their newly acquired knowledge base to clinical practice. Conclusion: The interest in spinal endoscopy surgery techniques and protocols is high among AMCICO members. Many surgeons are interested in learning advanced endoscopic surgical techniques to integrate the technology into their surgical procedure portfolio to address common painful conditions of the degenerative spine beyond herniated discs and foraminal stenosis. The authors concluded that its academic impact was high based on the responses given by the participating surgeons. Level of evidence III; Retrospective study.

Objective. To analyze, describe, and quantify the collaborations and scientific output of the two university teaching hospitals of Martinique and Guadeloupe, at the regional, national, and international level. Methods. A bibliometrics analysis was performed from the international databases Web of Science and PubMed, for the period from 1989 to 2018, inclusive (30 years). Three types of bibliometric indicators were used, namely quantitative indicators, performance indicators, and organization-specific indicators. Affiliations of the first and last authors were identified from PubMed. Results. Between 1989 and 2018, a total of 1 522 indexed articles were published with at least one author affiliated to either the University Hospital of Martinique (n = 827) or the University Hospital of Guadeloupe (n = 685). The majority of articles were in category Q1 (35.8% for Martinique and 35.2% for Guadeloupe). In Martinique, over the last 30 years, the three main research areas have been clinical neurology, ophthalmology, and surgery, together representing 28.7% of all research areas, with the highest number of articles published in the field of clinical neurology (n = 81). In the University Hospital of Guadeloupe, the area of hematology was largely represented, with 79 articles published. For both hospitals, the first and last authors of the articles published were mainly from mainland France. Conclusions. This quantitative analysis shows the development of medical and scientific research in Martinique and Guadeloupe over the last three decades, as well as the extent of their collaborative partnerships at the national and international levels.

El texto constituye una versión abreviada de la ponencia general sobre el tema comercio internacional y trabajo, presentada al XXIII Congreso Mundial de la Sociedad Internacional de Derecho del Trabajo y de la Seguridad Social, celebrado en Lima entre el 7 y el 10 de septiembre de 2021. La misma constituye el resultado final de un largo proceso de reflexión desarrollado en el marco del Grupo Internacional de Investigación sobre Comercio Internacional y Trabajo, cuya coordinación fue encomendada al autor en septiembre de 2019 por dicha institución con el objeto de promover la investigación colaborativa en torno a este tema, uno de los siete a ser abordados en el referido congreso. Su elaboración forma parte de las actividades del Proyecto de Investigación “La construcción transnacional del Derecho del Trabajo: de la pirámide a la red. La contribución española” (TRANSLAB Ref. PID2019-104809-100-DER).

La Comisión Lancet de Hipertensión determinó que una medida clave para responder a la carga mundial que representa la hipertensión arterial era mejorar la calidad de las mediciones de la presión arterial, mediante la utilización de dispositivos cuya exactitud haya sido validada. En la actualidad existen 3000 dispositivos comercializados, pero muchos no tienen datos publicados sobre pruebas de exactitud conformes a las normas científicas establecidas. La falta de regulación o su ineficiencia, que permiten la autorización de dispositivos para uso comercial sin una validación oficial, posibilitan este problema. Además, han surgido tecnologías nuevas de medición de la presión arterial (por ejemplo, los sensores sin brazalete) sobre las cuales no existe unanimidad en la comunidad científica con respecto a las normas de exactitud de la medición. En conjunto, estos aspectos contribuyen a la disponibilidad generalizada de tensiómetros de consultorio o domiciliarios que ofrecen una exactitud limitada o incierta, que llevan a diagnósticos, manejo y farmacoterapia inapropiados de la hipertensión a escala mundial. Los problemas más importantes relacionados con la exactitud de los dispositivos de medición de la presión arterial se pueden resolver mediante el requisito regulatorio de una validación independiente obligatoria de los dispositivos, en consonancia con la norma ISO universalmente aceptada. Esta es una recomendación básica y constituye una necesidad internacional acuciante. Otras recomendaciones clave son la elaboración de normas de validación específicas para las tecnologías nuevas de medición de la presión arterial y la publicación en línea de listas de los dispositivos nuevos exactos que están a la disposición de los usuarios y los profesionales de salud. Las recomendaciones están en consonancia con las políticas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud sobre los dispositivos médicos y la atención universal de la salud. El cumplimiento de las recomendaciones aumentará la disponibilidad mundial de dispositivos de medición de la presión arterial que sean exactos y tendrá como efecto un mejor diagnóstico y tratamiento, reduciendo así la carga mundial de la hipertensión.

This work proposes the study of spatial and temporal variability of rainfall droughts (no rain) on the scale of metropolitan France since the 1950s and for each of the four seasons (spring, summer, autumn, winter). A dry period approach makes it possible to understand the intrinsic spatio-temporal characteristics: geography, seasonality, duration and frequency. In spring and autumn, the increase in the number of dry spells seems to be offset by the decrease in their average duration (and vice versa). The summer season, which is the driest season, has seen an increase in the number of dry days over most of the territory, mainly due to the increase in the average duration of dry spells and the number of the longest of them. In winter, the north of France is subject to an increase in the number of dry spells as well as the duration of the longest ones, leading to an increase in the total number of dry days. This study shows that an absence of clear and significant trends in the number of dry days in France does not necessarily mean that the temporal distribution of precipitation has not changed. An absence of trends in the number of dry days may hide an increase in the duration of the dry periods but a decrease in the number of these periods, or vice versa. These different modes of spatio-temporal variability in the absence of rain are all suitable scales for impact studies, particularly on economic activities dependent on the water cycle.

Abstract Three new taxa of subtribe Hyptidinae (Lamiaceae) from Amazonian Brazil are here described: two from Pará state Eriope macrostachya var. amazonica, and Hyptis cachimboensis, and Hyptis spathulata from Rondônia state. The diagnostic characters, which distinguish them from their closest relatives are described and discussed, their conservation status is given and a plate is provided for each of the new taxa. The Hyptidinae conspectus an earlier checklist of Lamiaceae from Amazonian Brazil is updated with various name changes since its publication, and with the addition of another two species of Hyptis not previously included. Also included, is a note on Hyptis sect. Eriosphaeria, to which the two new species described here, belong.

Ce texte analyse la géométrisation des structures sociales telle que l’a conçue l’artiste et philosophe Zanis Waldheims (1909-1993). Motivé par les bouleversements de sa vie suite aux tumultes politiques survenus dans son pays d’origine, la Lettonie, immigré en 1952 à Montréal (Canada), il a questionné le rapport entre l’individu et la société qu’il appelle « l’Institut » (les instances institutionnelles de la société). Il a consacré quarante ans de sa vie à créer 651 œuvres d’art géométrique, une cinquantaine de sculptures, une multitude de figures, d’esquisses et de textes qui expriment sa quête de sécurité et de paix. Waldheims croyait que la géométrisation permet une pensée plus libre et plus objective, donc plus humaniste et plus universelle de l’individu face aux forces institutionnelles qui brouillent la compréhension du « moi » par rapport à « autrui », en libérant l’esprit de la pensée linéaire et des manipulations verbales partisanes. La présente étude s’appuie sur l’analyse des œuvres et des textes de Zanis Waldheims conservés par Yves Jeanson, collaborateur et ami qui a côtoyé l’artiste pendant 19 ans.

En este artículo se documentan tres canciones populares para niños en el triqui de Chicahuaxtla. El artículo comienza con una descripción general de la lengua, por ejemplo, donde se habla y su estado actual. Las canciones fueron seleccionadas porque se enseñan a todos los niños de la Escuela Primaria Bilingüe Indígena Emiliano Zapata en Miguel Hidalgo Chicahuaxtla, se consideran valiosas por su contenido cultural y son bien conocidas por todo el pueblo. También se incluyen tres grabaciones de cada canción que consisten en una interpretación hablada, otra cantada y por último, una tocada pizzicato en el violín o rasgueada en la guitarra igual que partiduras que hicimos de las canciones.

La habilidad del ser humano para desarrollar temas investigativos, ha ido mejorando con el paso del tiempo, esto se debe a la naturaleza del mismo por explorar y obtener conocimientos de temas que despiertan la curiosidad del individuo. Los diferentes trabajos investigativos se han ido escribiendo, guardando y publicando, para que otras personas interesadas en el mismo tema puedan obtener información. Sin embargo, estos estudios al ser publicados corren el riesgo de que otras personas tomen autoría de esta investigación, es por eso que el objetivo del presente trabajo es recalcar la importancia de la presencia de la ética en la investigación y, para esto, se realizará una reseña de literatura concisa que determina los resultados encontrados de estudios realizados en este tema.

Can there be a feminist aesthetic?” analyzes the difficulty of finding an ontological position from which to write about photography created by women. It interrogates the discomfort of inhabiting, socially, and in art and literature, the position of the embodied feminine, and seeks through aesthetic analysis to mine this discomfort. The essay argues that despite the social and intellectual discomfort of articulating a space of the feminine, in that this space is always already coded as oppressed, there is a value in interpreting photography created by women through the lens of feminist resistance. The article concedes that defining the word woman is always a risk, in that the term reflects manifold and contradictory embodied experiences. And yet, within this avowed risk emerges the only space of possible resistance to oppression, the opportunity to create a rearrangement of the visible so that the category of the oppressed woman, however phantasmatic, is re-envisioned as sovereign. However, each act of re-envisioning woman must be culturally specific. Hence, the essay concludes with an interpretation of Ethiopian photographer Aida Muluneh’s series of images Dinkinesh (or, “you are beautiful”), evoking the remains of an Ethiopian hominid that were long considered to be the oldest of human ancestors. Muluneh reclaims this distant ancestor as Ethiopian, dressing her in an extravagant red gown, using photography to re-envision Dinkinesh’s fall into history, granting this ancestor the power to haunt modernity.

“Pode haver uma estética feminista?” analisa a dificuldade em encontrar uma posição ontológica a partir da qual se escreva sobre as fotografias criadas por mulheres. Interroga-se acerca do desconforto de habitar, socialmente e na arte e na literatura, a posição do feminino corporizado e procura minar este desconforto através da análise estética. O ensaio argumenta que, apesar do desconforto social e intelectual de articular um espaço do feminino, na medida em que este espaço já é sempre codificado como um espaço de opressão, existe valor na interpretação da fotografia criada por mulheres através da lente da resistência feminista. O artigo reconhece que definir a palavra mulher é sempre arriscado, na medida em que este termo reflete variadas e contraditórias experiências corporizadas. E, no entanto, dentro deste risco reconhecido, emerge o único espaço de resistência possível à opressão, a oportunidade de criar um reordenamento do visível, para que a categoria da mulher oprimida, por muito irreal que seja, passe a ser refocalizada como soberana. Contudo, cada ato de refocagem da mulher deve ser culturalmente específico. Por isso, o ensaio termina com uma interpretação da série de imagens da fotógrafa etíope Aida Muluneh, intitulada Dinkinesh (ou “és bela”), recordando os restos de uma hominídea etíope que são há muito considerados como o mais antigo antepassado humano. Muluneh reivindica como etíope esta antepassada distante, vestindo-a com um extravagante vestido vermelho, usando a fotografia para refocalizar a entrada de Dinkinesh na história, concedendo a esta antepassada o poder de assombrar a modernidade.

The psychology of religion used to be a small and little known field. Although a few pockets of work in the area were done when Psychology began, it was functionally nonexistent for 1/3 of psychology’s history, and received little attention for most of the rest of it. However, in the past 20 years the field has become vast in scope. It now intersects all subfields of general psychology. Also, the psychology of religion no longer exists only in Western countries. It is now an international field with research being conducted worldwide. This article summarizes this trend and documents psychology of religion in the world and in Brazil as a part of it. The need for a multilevel interdisciplinary approach to research and theory is highlighted, as a way to synthesize knowledge of religiousness cross-culturally and trans-religiously. Future research should invoke a meaningmaking model in order to examine not merely observable religious behaviors, beliefs, or experiences, but their underlying roots, i.e., their meanings and attributions made about them. Such research can help us eliminate barriers between disciplines, cultures, religions, and nations.

This paper presents a study of networking of theories between the theory of registers of semiotic representation (TRSR) and the onto-semiotic approach of mathematical cognition and instruction (OSA). The results obtained show complementarities between these two theoretical perspectives, which might allow more detailed analysis of the students’ performance.

This essay reviews the following works: China on the Ground in Latin America: Challenges for the Chinese and Impacts on the Region. By R. Evan Ellis. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. Pp. ix + 291. $51.33 hardcover. ISBN: 9781137439765. The China Triangle: Latin America’s China Boom and the Fate of the Washington Consensus. By Kevin P. Gallagher. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016. Pp. vii + 221. $27.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9780190246730. Diaspora and Trust: Cuba, Mexico and the Rise of China. By Adrian H. Hearn. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2016. Pp. vi + 255. $24.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822360735. The Changing Currents of Transpacific Integration: China, the TTP, and Beyond. Edited by Adrian H. Hearn and Margaret Myers. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2017. Pp. vii + 163. $58.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781626375642. How China Is Reshaping the Global Economy: Development Impacts in Africa and Latin America. By Rhys Jenkins. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019. Pp. ix + 407. $80.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780198738510.

In recent years the study of the relationships between religion and health has expanded to include the study of the relationships between spirituality and health. “Spirituality” is typically thought of as the more inclusive of the two terms. Meanwhile, the concept of spiritual well-being (SWB) has been invoked to reflect someone’s self-perception of well-being in terms that the person understands “spiritual” to mean – whether religious or existential in connotation. Thus, spirituality and SWB should not be confused with each other. Measures of each construct differ in psychological dimensions they are trying to tap and in the kind of assessments they are intended to yield. This paper explains each construct, presents the Portuguese translation of the SWBS, and notes suggestions for its use.

This study concerns the long winter sequences without rain on the scale of the entire Mediterranean basin scale. Objectives are (i) to define theses extreme events as geographical and climatological objects characterized by a location, a spatial extension and a temporal length and (ii) measured impacts of these events on the cereal production in Spain. 76 events of Very Long Dry Spells (eVLDS) are detected over the 1957-2013 period. These eVLDS are grouped into four typical recurrent configurations on the scale of the Mediterranean basin: North-East, West, scattered & localised and South-East. The eVLDS configurations are associated with anticyclonic conditions located about 1 000 km northwest of the impacted areas. The eVLDS have a greater impact on barley, wheat and oat yields (winter crops grown through rainfed agriculture) than rainfall totals and seasonal dry day ratios.

Cette étude analyse un conflit à propos de deux législations territoriales dans l’espace rural andin du Caquetá : le resguardo indigène et la Zone de Réserve Campesina « de fait ». Pour comprendre ces rapports de force, nous proposons de regarder ailleurs. Ailleurs, ce sont les autres et notamment l’État car ces rivalités de pouvoirs reflètent des relations particulières qu’entretiennent ces communautés avec l’État. Le constat est que les nouvelles conditions de possibilités, offertes par les accords de paix, éclairent des groupes qui, jusqu’ici, ont été marginalisés et maintenus à l’écart du pouvoir et entendent désormais véhiculer d’autres représentations ; ceci contribuant à réagencer les rapports de force et à faire émerger de nouveaux conflits. Ainsi, la paix n’est pas la fin des conflits mais constitue, plutôt, un nouveau paradigme des luttes de pouvoirs au sein de l’État en permettant à la politique d’être la continuation de la guerre par d’autres moyens.

Stanford Center for Assessment, Learning, and Equity (SCALE) provides a commentary on the manuscripts in this special issue, responding to criticisms of edTPA as an assessment that narrows the curriculum, heavily relies on students’ academic writing skills, and creates additional burdens for teacher candidates. The commentary highlights how edTPA is intended to strengthen teacher candidates’ teaching and provides suggestions for educative implementation that could improve teacher education programs.

En América Latina, Argentina fue el país que fundó en 1901 las dos primeras escuelas de periodismo del continente. Ambas comenzaron a funcionar con un mes de diferencia. Los editores de los diarios La Prensa y La Nación, los más importantes de Buenos Aires, respaldaron la iniciativa de formalizar el entrenamiento de los redactores aunque a diferencia de Joseph Pulitzer fueron propietarios y editores sin las posibilidades económicas necesarias para organizar una Escuela propiamente dicha. Por tanto, el proyecto fue concretado años más tarde por un grupo activo de la Asociación de Periodistas de La Plata, capital de la provincia de Buenos Aires; éstos comenzaron a impartir los cursos el 27 de abril de 1934. Un año después, la Universidad Nacional de La Plata les brindó su apoyo incorporando los cursos que conformaron la Escuela de Periodismo.

Recent studies have emphasised the increasing impact, both negative and positive, of Linear Transport Infrastructures (LTIs) on biodiversity. A significant body of scientific and technical knowledge is more and more available to help guide restoration practices concerning especially urban areas. This study explores a comprehensive approach to estimating restoration potential along the LTI edges in the Greater Paris region (in France) in terms of potential biodiversity. Our work consists in inventorying and analysing the Potential Biodiversity Index, PBI, on sites along two LTIs crossing a forest in the northern part of this district. The study concerns a Natura 2000 area, La Poudrerie Park. A total of 84 surveys were carried out corresponding to the 33 hectares surveyed. We studied sites along the LTIs. For this purpose, we chose 84 sites in the traffic corridors. Biodiversity parameter evaluations were performed for each site. These parameters are related to functional traits that make it possible to determine the Potential Biodiversity Index (PBI). These site assessments by PBI may reveal the positive impact of the LTI edges in developing biodiversity. We may establish that there is a positive impact of LTIs edges for ecological restoration and revegetation in an urban context.

Introduction: Experimental studies have suggested that indoxyl sulfate (IS), a protein-bound uremic toxin, may be involved in the development of renal osteodystrophy. Objective: evaluate the association between IS levels and biochemical parameters related to mineral metabolism and bone histomorphometry in a cohort of pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Methods: This is a post-hoc analysis of an observational study evaluating the association between coronary calcification and bone biopsy findings in 49 patients (age: 52 ± 10 years; 67% male; estimated glomerular filtration rate: 36 ± 17 ml/min). Serum levels of IS were measured. Results: Patients at CKD stages 2 and 3 presented remarkably low bone formation rate. Patients at CKD stages 4 and 5 presented significantly higher osteoid volume, osteoblast and osteoclast surface, bone fibrosis volume and bone formation rate and a lower mineralization lag time than CKD stage 2 and 3 patients. We observed a positive association between IS levels on one hand and the bone formation rate, osteoid volume, osteoblast surface and bone fibrosis volume on the other. Multivariate regression models confirmed that the associations between IS levels and osteoblast surface and bone fibrosis volume were both independent of demographic and biochemical characteristics of the study population. A similar trend was observed for the bone formation rate. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that IS is positively associated with bone formation rate in pre-dialysis CKD patients.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/217976929166 Aims: to analyze points of view profiles on health and diseases. Method: exploratory, qualitative research. Data was collected with 134 adolescences from the Unity of Family Health thought free words association technic and open questions. Results: prevalence of 15 to 17 years old female students with until 8th degree, single, familiar gains in between 1 to 2 minimum salaries. Most of them had never participated on educational groups and they had shown interest of participating on Saturdays morning in groups that educate about “health, prevention and care”. The social representations about health are mainly on alimentation, well been and care, concerning diseases they are mainly on pain and medication. Conclusion: the social representations are related with a sense of negativity, but concerning their relation with health it is mainly positive. There are interested of participating on educational groups with meters on sexuality, drugs, health/diseases processes, prevention, sports, educations and professions.

Objetiva confirmar a expansão da agricultura nos campos do planalto rio-grandense e conhecer a maneira como se deu o processo de fixação dos granjeiros. Há um modelo de questionário como anexo. Tradução de Elisabeth de Castro Borges, geógrafa da UCG.

Apresenta um panorama sobre a instituição e sobre a geografia francesa.

Relata as particularidades de criadores luso-brasileiros dos campos e de policultores das florestas. Dividido em: Trocas de bens e serviços; Mudanças de contato nos campos com capões e com matas; A expansão das colônias agrícolas nos limites do campo; As cidades do campo: agentes da aculturação e das mudanças rurais. Trad.: Gilberto Lazare Rocha e Elisabeth de Castro Borges, geógrafos.

Versa sobre a geografia rural das Novas Colônis do Alto Uruguai. Artigo publicado no Boulletin de L'Association de Géographes Français nº 350-351, janeiro-fevereiro de 1967. Artigo dividido em: Paisagens rurais e sistemas de cultura; Uma sociedade rural em crise; O pêso de um isolamento. Trad.: Gilberto Lazare Rocha

Versa sobre a rizicultura irrigada no RS. Artigo transcrito do Boletim Mineiro de Geografia, nº 10 e 11, julho 1965. Destaca as consequências da valorização da rizicultura no Rio Grande do Sul, principalmente as transformações sociais e regionais. Trad.: Laura Wanderley

Versa sobre o Centro do Planalto Rio-Grandense. Artigo extraído da revista “Les Cahiers d'outre-Mer”, Tomo XXIII, nº 90. abril-junho 1970. Dividido em: A decadência da pecuária tradicional; A inovação: a grande fazenda mecanizada do campo; Os princípios de uma mutação profunda. Trad.: Leny T. de Souza e Gilberto Lazare Rocha

Versa sobre os viticultores do Estado. Divide-se em: Pequenos viticultores e vinhedos de massa; Viticulturores e vinificadores. Tradução de Gilberto L. Rocha, geógrafo da UCG.

Versa sobre a vida rural na "Campanha" Rio Grandense. Dividido em : Explotações e técnicas pecuárias; A estância gaúcha: uma explotação lucrativa, uma vida menos isolada; A agricultura na Campanha; Conclusões: os problemas da Campanha, região fronteira da pecuária extensiva. Trad.: Gilberto Lazare Rocha

2017 ha sido marcado por numerosos comentarios en medios informativos de Internet acerca de las noticias falsas y otras expresiones dudosas en las redes sociales. El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido hacer un balance de lo dicho en estos medios a propósito de la difusión de informaciones. Para ello se recopilaron y clasificaron extractos de lo dicho en una amplia muestra de medios informativos digitales. Se confirmó que el tema de las noticias falsas en las redes sociales fue lo que dominó, especialmente en su relación con la política. Se siguieron solamente 68 fuentes durante 7 meses. Se logró una visión sintética de los juicios y medidas de contención tomadas. Se visualizaron las relaciones entre las temáticas abordadas. En conclusión, el año 2017 ha sido un año importante en cuanto a toma de conciencia y reacción de los medios y plataformas frente al auge de las noticias falsas en las redes sociales.