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ABSTRACT International studies have focused on the hydrological impacts on an hourly or sub-daily scale that hydroelectric plants can cause through hydropeaking operations. However, this topic is still underexplored in Brazil, despite its large number of hydroelectric plants. Thus, to bring it to the Brazilian context, this study initially presents a literature review to characterize hydropeaking, its impacts and proposed mitigating measures, and research conducted in Brazil. Next, it was demonstrated that hydropeaking operations occur throughout the entire national territory, in hydroelectric plants of different sizes, that can cause changes increasing up to 450% of the base flow. Conflicts related to hydropeaking in Brazil are also brought up and, despite their occurrences and records of specific thresholds for their mitigation, this has not been addressed in environmental impact studies for licensing Small Hydropower Plants (SHPs) or legislation. Thus, the present study seeks to bring to light the importance of further research on hydropeaking in Brazil.

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ABSTRACT: Pest insects are one of the major factors affecting the productivity of sugarcane, and especially those associated with the soil, which damage the crop if not controlled. There is little information on the insect associated with the soil in the sugarcane crop in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. This study evaluated the occurrence, abundance and population variation of soil-associated insects in sugarcane crops in four counties in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul during a period from September 2009 to August 2010. For the capture of insects, deep in the soil trenches were (50 x 50 x 30 width x length x depth). It was observed that county of Maracaju has a high incidence of soil insects in sugarcane crop. Specimens of the family Scarabaeidae are abundant in sugarcane fields of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, being Liogenys suturalis the predominant species. Soil insects of the Chrysomelidae family were found with greater abundance in Dourados and Naviraí while Noctuidae, represented only by the Hyponeuma taltula, occurred mainly in Dourados. Insects of the family Termitidae occur in sugarcane fields in the counties of Maracaju and Naviraí but not in Nova Alvorada do Sul and Dourados. Sphenophorus levis and Metamasius hemipterus were alsoreported in the sugarcane fields from Maracaju, being the occurrence these species the first record in the Mato Grosso do Sul State. The determined occurrence of different soil insects in the sugarcane fields may help in their management in the four counties studied.

Copyright of Revista Confluências Culturais is the property of Fundacao Educacional da Regiao de Joinville - FURJ and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT: Hylaeamys megacephalus (G. Fisher, 1814) presents great genetic diversity and wide geographical distribution, and occurs in both the Amazon and Cerrado biomes. Because of its generalist aspect, this species tolerates different eating habits and habitats. It occurs in flooded and dry areas and is predominantly terrestrial, which allows greater gene flow between populations even over long distances. Studies that seek a better understanding of morphological variations resulting from differences imposed by the environment throughout this species’ distribution are still lacking. This study aimed to analyze the differences between H. megacephalus populations based on craniometry, investigating whether the environment has an influence on morphology. We analyzed a total of 142 specimens from three scientific mammal collections: National Museum, “Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro” (MN-UFRJ); “Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Reservatórios Silvestres”, “Instituto Oswaldo Cruz”, “Fundação Oswaldo Cruz”(LBCE-Fiocruz); and “Laboratório de Biodiversidade”, “Universidade Federal de Goiás”, “Regional Jataí” (LZE-UFG), and took 20 craniometric measurements. Craniometry was explored using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), canonical variate analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA). The results led us to conclude that there are three craniometric groups of H. megacephalus with a tendency to differentiate as a result of geographical influences.

Cowpea is a grain widely consumed in Brazil, especially in the North and Northeast. The objective of this study was to know the diversity indexes of entomofauna in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) crop using colored traps. The study was carried out in a cowpea crop in the wild region of Alagoas from July 2017 to August 2018. The experimental design was completely randomized with six treatments (A, yellow - PET trap, B, blue - PET trap, C, PET trap - white, D, PET trap - green, E, PET trap - red and F, PET trap - without color) and five repetitions (collections). The insects were collected weekly, after collected, were stored in pots containing 70% alcohol, their screening and identification were performed in the laboratory of the State University of Alagoas. The analysis of the diversity indices of the collected insect families was acquired through the DivEs software, which verified the indices, diversity (ShannonWiener, Brillouin and Menhinick), richness (Margalef and Chao 1), dominance (Simpson and BergerParker), and equity or evenness (Pielou). With the obtained results, it was found the presence of 9,630 insects in cowpea crop, represented by six orders and distributed in 30 families. Coleoptera (12) families, Diptera (10), Hemiptera (3), Hymenoptera (1), Lepidoptera (3) and Mantodea (1). Therefore, through the diversity indices obtained in this study, the use of colored PET traps in cowpea culture was efficient to know the insect diversity of this crop

Adolescent pregnancy is a worldwide public health problem. The number of this phenomenon is increasing every year. One of the reasons for this worsening is the use of substances. This research aimed to discuss adolescent pregnancy due to chemical health risks by inadequate conduct. The method applied consisted of a cross-sectional, observational design study associated with a survey on knowledge, attitudes, and practices, carried out in 42 pregnant adolescents aged 12-18 years in a large public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro. A structured questionnaire was applied at their prenatal visit from November 2017 to October 2018. Descriptive tables were prepared using frequencies in absolute numbers and percentages. 11 pregnant adolescents (26.19%) reported smoking 7 cigarettes per day (SD=4.51), ranging from 5 to 45 cigarettes/day. Concerning alcohol intake, 16 adolescents (38.09%) admitted to drinking at least one occasion during pregnancy, and 8 (19.05%) in abusive form. Regarding other types of drugs (marijuana, cocaine, crack), 12 (28.57%) admitted to having used them during pregnancy, and 3 (7.14%) of these reported injecting drug use. 7 adolescents (16.66%) had a relationship with an injecting drug user partner. The survey results show that the use of illicit drugs by the pregnant adolescents interviewed was 4 times higher than the prevalence recorded in the literature for people aged 12 to 17 years. In the case of cigarette use, this difference was also observed, reaching 20 percentage points.

Toxoplasmosis is a protozoonosis caused by an obligate intracellular parasite named Toxoplasma gondii, which can infect humans and a large number of homeothermic animal species with worldwide distribution. The present study aimed to detect anti T. gondii antibodies from serological samples of free living wild animals from the northwest region of São Paulo state, Brazil. Thirty-two samples (eight from birds and 24 from mammals) were analyzed by the modified agglutination test (MAT) using 5 cut-off points for birds and 25 for mammals. Seropositivity was observed in 25% (2/8) of birds, including the species Rupornis magnirostris (roadside hawk) and Caracara plancus (southern caracara), and 29.2% (7/24) animals were seropositive among mammals, including one hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus), two maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus), one black howler monkey (Alouatta caraya), two crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) and one gray brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira). The results obtained with the present study indicate the exposure to T. gondii of free-living wild animals from the northwest region of São Paulo state and, therefore, that they probably play a role in the transmission and maintenance of T. gondii in the environment they inhabit. Thus, identification of the infection in several animal species in the region indicates the environmental contamination of the area. Studies of this nature may help to understand the importance of the prevention and control of this disease in Brazil.

ABSTRACT Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera, Thaumastocoridae) is a phytophagous pest of eucalyptus plantations. It was introduced in Brazil in 2008, and expanded rapidly due to its adaptive capacity to different climatic conditions. Eucalyptus has been planted in the Brazilian Amazon since the 1980s, being used in silvopastoral systems and for cellulose production. Since its introduction in the southernmost Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, T. peregrinus has expanded its geographical distribution to 117 municipalities in states in the south (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná), southeast (São Paulo, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais), mid-west (Mato Grosso do Sul and Goiás) and northeast (Sergipe) of the country. Here we report the first record of T. peregrinus in the Brazilian Amazonian state of Pará.

An attack of Lauritrioza alacris (Flor, 1861) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) was recorded in a commercial plantation of bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L., Lauraceae) in the municipality of Dois Lajeados, Rio Grande do Sul state (RS), Brazil. The immature triozids induced galls on the attacked leaves consisting of the thickened margins that became folded downward, forming an elongated tube-shaped roll that sheltered the immatures. All developmental stages (egg, immatures, and adults) of the psyllid were found on young leaves of bay laurel. Lauritrioza alacris is an introduced pest in Brazil that was detected in Pelotas, RS in 1949 and Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro state in 1953. Therefore, we are reporting the third record of L. alacris; however, it is the first documented information of an infestation in a commercial bay laurel plantations by L. alacris in Brazil. Information on taxonomy, biological aspects, distribution, and damage caused by the laurel psyllid is also provided.

Copyright of Estúdio (1647-6158) is the property of Revista Estudio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Neosporosis is a disease that affects ruminants, horses, swine, and wild animals, causing reproductive disorders and economic losses. The importance of the infection in pigs has not been fully elucidated. The objective of the present study was to verify the occurrence of antibodies against Neospora caninum and the possible factors associated with infection in swine herds from two regions of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. A total of 498 blood samples were collected from sows of western (five properties) and southern (four properties) regions of the state, and an epidemiological questionnaire was administered. Sera obtained from the blood were tested by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) (cutoff point 1:50) using tachyzoites of N. caninum NC1 strain as antigen. Positive samples were two-fold serially diluted until maximum reactivity titer. The results were analyzed using Fisher and Chi-square tests to determine correlation between serology and associated factors. The overall prevalence was 18.9% (94/498) with titers of 50 (27), 100 (26), 200 (22), 400 (10), and 800 (9). Eighty of 256 samples (31.3%) from the western region were positive, while 14 out of 242 samples (5.8%) from the southern region were positive. A correlation (p < 0.01) was observed among the seroprevalence and contact with dogs (OR = 3.97, IC 2.64-6.43), presence of rodents (OR = 7.37 IC 4.06-13.50), and water source (OR = 2.38 IC 1.44-3.91). The use of anti-bird nets was identified as a protective factor against infection (OR = 0.36 IC 0.07-0.25). These results demonstrate the high prevalence of antibodies against N. caninum in commercial swine herds in the state of Santa Catarina compared to that in other regions of Brazil.

Bovine cysticercosis disease is prevalent worldwide, and is diagnosed frequently in slaughterhouses. This disease has an impact on animal production and public health due to Taenia saginata. In order to investigate the occurrence of bovine cysticercosis in the mountainous region of Santa Catarina state, Brazil, we performed a retrospective survey of beef carcasses that were positive for the parasite. We tabulated and analyzed the records of cattle that were slaughtered from 2003 to 2013, under the state inspection in Lages, Santa Catarina. These records were provided by Companhia Integrada de Desenvolvimento Agrícola de Santa Catarina (CIDASC). The data were analyzed using Chi-square test (P ? 0.05) to correlate the cysticerci occurrence with the independent variables. The animals were from the 18 municipalities that represent Associação dos Municípios da Região Serrana (AMURES). Among the animals that were slaughtered during the study period, 7.06% (1698/24055) were confirmed positive for cysticercosis during the visual inspection. Among the total cysts that were inspected, 25.79% and 74.20% were classified as viable and calcified, respectively. The most frequently parasitized organs were the head, with 876 cases (51.59%) positive for cysticerci (321 [36.64%] viable and 555 [63.36%] nonviable) and the heart with 641 cases (37.75%) positive for cysticerci (54 [8.42%] viable and 587 [91.58%] non-viable). In addition to the generalized infection (4.48%), the tongue and the diaphragm were the next most commonly parasitized organs, with 3.71% and 2.47% cases positive for cysticerci, respectively. There was no correlation (P > 0.05) between sex or age, and positive infection or cyst location. We identified statistical variations among the results for each of the evaluated years (P < 0.01). These reports indicated a significant increase in the infection rate over time, from 4.58% (2005) to 9.94% (2013). We analyzed the correlation (P < 0.01) between the occurrence of cysticercosis and the origin of the animals as well as between the viability of cysts and their location in the body. These results suggest that the occurrence of bovine cysticercosis in the mountainous region of Santa Catarina is high and at an alarming rate. Bovine cysticercosis can lead to an economic loss and can endanger public health. Therefore, government agencies need to plan and implement measures in order to control this disease.

Garlic (Allium sativumL.) is a host to several viruses, most commonly those belonging to theAllexivirus,Carlavirus, orPotyvirusgenera. Nine species distributed among these three genera have been reported in Brazil: two species within carlaviruses, two within potyviruses, and five within allexiviruses. To quantify the prevalence of these viruses, young leaves from 520 plants (plants either symptomatic or asymptomatic) were collected from commercial fields grown in four Brazilian states and analyzed using universal and species-specific primers via the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Potyvirus presence was positive in 306 samples (81 %), 151 of them (38 %) in mixed infections with other viruses. The most frequent potyviruses wereOnion yellow dwarf virus(OYDV, 56 %) andLeek yellow stripe virus(LYSV, 55 %). 187 samples (49 %) were positive for allexivirus, with 33 (9 %) showing single infections and 154 (41 %) showing mixed infections withGarlic virus A (GarV-A),Garlic virus B(GarV-B),Garlic virus C(GarV-C),Garlic virus D(GarV-D), and species belonging to theCarlavirus andPotyvirusgenera. The predominant species in which allexiviruses were found were GarV-A and GarV-D. Only 15 samples (4 %) were infected solely by a carlavirus, and 63 (17 %) showed mixed infections with viruses from different genera. The dominant species of carlavirus wasGarlic commom latent virus(GarCLV). Carlaviruses and allexiviruses are frequently associated with mixed infections with potyviruses, whereas mixed infections with carlaviruses and allexiviruses are rare. About 70 % of the plants collected were positive for at least one species of virus.

Aves aquáticas destacam-se por ser uma importante ferramenta para verificar o grau de conservação e qualidade dos habitats, além da grande capacidade de algumas espécies em deslocar-se para escolha dos mesmos. O trabalho foi realizado no Jardim Botânico, inserido na malha urbana da cidade de São Paulo, e teve como objetivos identificar os micro-habitats presentes nos quatro lagos do instituto, denominados Lagos 1, 2, 3 e 4, realizar o levantamento da frequência de utilização por aves aquáticas e associar estas espécies aos micro-habitats. A coleta de dados foi entre abril/11 e maio/12, quinzenalmente, através de observação direta em oito pontos fixos, dois em cada lago. O tempo de permanência em cada ponto foi 45 minutos, totalizando 3 horas diárias. Foram realizadas 12 amostragens em cada ponto, totalizando 192 horas de observação. A frequência de ocorrência das espécies foi classificada nas seguintes categorias: ocupante raro (FO < 0,15), ocupante ocasional (FO entre 0,15 e 0,59) e ocupante frequente (FO > 0,60). Foram identificadas 18 espécies de aves aquáticas que utilizaram pelo menos um dos quatro lagos estudados do Jardim Botânico. O lago mais frequentado pelas espécies foi o Lago 1. As espécies com maior frequência foram Ardea alba e Phalacrocorax brasilianus e as espécies com menor frequência foram Megaceryle torquata e Chloroceryle amazona. É possível concluir que a escolha de micro-habitats por aves aquáticas está relacionada ao hábito de forrageamento de cada espécie, oferta de alimento disponível e necessidades de refúgio ou de uso de substrato para nidificação. Waterfowl stand out for being an important tool to assess the degree of conservation and habitat quality. Some species exhibit the ability to move between habitats and choose to use according to their needs. This study was conducted in the Jardim Botânico, inserted in the urban area of São Paulo, and it aimed to identify the micro-habitats present in four lakes of the institute, called Lakes 1, 2, 3 and 4, to survey the frequency of use by waterfowl and to associate these species to micro-habitats. Data collection was between April/11 and May/12, fortnightly, by direct observation in eight fixed points, two on each lake. The dwell time at each point was 45 minutes totaling 3 hours daily. Twelve samples were taken from each point totaling 192 hours of observation. The frequency of occurrence of the species was classified in the following categories: rare occupant (FO < 0.15), occasional occupant (FO between 0.15 and 0.59) and frequent occupant (FO > 0.60). Eighteen species of waterfowl that used at least one of the four lakes studied the Botanical Garden were identified. The Lake 1 was the most visited by the species. The species most frequent were Ardea alba and Phalacrocorax brasilianus and species less frequent Megaceryle torquata and Chloroceryle Amazon. We concluded that the choice of micro-habitats by waterfowl is related to their foraging habits, the need for shelter, or the use of substrates for nesting.

In the present study we present the first record of the macroalgaes Chara indica and Chara zeylanica for the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, and the semiarid northeastern. Specimens of C. indica and C. zeylanica were collected in Santa Cruz and Umari reservoirs, respectively. Both reservoirs are located in the river basin Apodi-Mossoró (Western State) in the Caatinga Biome.

The Amazon has a high diversity of fungi, including species of the genus Daldinia (Ascomycota, Xylariaceae), which produce secondary metabolites with recognized nematicidal and antimicrobial activity. The ecological role of Daldinia is important, as stromata serve as refuges to many insects and arthropodes, and the fungi contribute to the degradation of vegetable organic matter. The aim of this study was to analyze the taxonomic features and mycelial growth conditions in vitro of a Daldinia specimen collected in the Brazilian Amazon. Morphological and molecular studies of the fungus identified it as D. eschscholtzii. To evaluate mycelial growth, we cultivated the fungus at 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 °C in malt extract-peptone agar (MEPA), malt extract-peptone (MEP), potato dextrose (PD), and minimum medium (MM). The best mycelial growth occurred at 35 °C, although the greatest amount of biomass was obtained at 25 °C and 30 °C. PD proved to be the best medium for biomass production.A Amazônia apresenta alta diversidade de fungos, incluindo Daldinia (Ascomycota, Xylariaceae), cujas espécies produzem metabólitos secundários com reconhecida atividade antimicrobiana e nematicida. O papel ecológico é importante, visto que estromas servem de abrigo para muitos insetos e artrópodes, além de contribuir na degradação da matéria orgânica vegetal. O objetivo desse estudo foi analizar as características taxonômicas e as condições do crescimento micelial in vitro de um espécime de Daldinia coletado na Amazônia brasileira. Estudos morfológicos e moleculares do fungo o indetificaram como D. eschscholtzii. Para avaliação do crescimento micelial o fungo foi cultivado nas temperaturas de 20, 25, 30, 35 e 40 °C e nos meios de cultura extrato de malte-peptona ágar (EMPA), extrato de malte-peptona (EMP), batata dextrose (BD) e meio mínimo (MM). O melhor crescimento micelial ocorreu a 35 °C, entretanto, a maior quantidade de biomassa foi obtida a 25 e 30 °C. O meio BD provou ser o melhor meio para produção de biomassa.

Data on the occurrence of cancers in dogs and cats from the Metropolitan Mesoregion of Belém are not available in the literature. This paper describes the occurrence of neoplasms in these species from 2005 to 2010. The canine cutaneous system was the most affected in this study (47%), followed by the mammary gland (39%), reproductive system (4%), oral cavity (4%), bones and joints (2%), ocular system (1.5%), digestive system (1.5%) and urinary tract (1%). In feline species, the mammary gland accounted for 87.8%, followed by the cutaneous system (6%), respiratory system (3%) and oral cavity (3%).

The distinction mass - count nouns has always been long discussed by grammarians due to their difficulty in finding a homogenous point of view. The present study aims to clarify the different interpretations of massive nouns, laying stress on their individualized “reading”. Starting from different occurrences of massive nouns there has been established the role played by the indefinite article a/ an in structures comprising a massive entity.

Biological invasions are gaining increasing importance due to the ecological damage and economic impacts caused by the invaders. Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) is an invasive exotic bivalve introduced into Brazil in the 1970’s, and it has colonized the major rivers of the south and southeast. This species, owing to its adaptations to the environment, speed of colonization and reproductive success among others parameters, quickly occupies the substrates preferred by the natives. The present study registers its occurrence in Sapucaí River, São Paulo State. Samples were taken at two different sites of the river with different substrates, one sandy and another muddy. Granulometric analysis and determination of the organic matter content of the sediment were then conducted. The individuals captured in sandy sediment showed higher densities, higher average size, and therefore higher average biomass.

Folhas e frutos de framboesa (Rubus idaeus L.) da cultivar Batum coletados de plantas do pomar do Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, CAV, município de Lages-SC, apresentando pústulas de ferrugem, foram encaminhados para análise no Laboratório de Fitopatologia do CAV. A diagnose indireta indicou a presença de pústulas com uma massa de esporos de cor amarela na face abaxial das folhas e superfície dos frutos. No exame ao microscópio, observou-se urédia e urediniósporos pequenos, obovados ou elipsoides, medindo 12,5-17,5 x 15,0-30,0 µm sobre a epiderme da folha e frutos, sem a presença de télias. Suspensão de urediniósporos (50.000 esporos mL-1) em água esterilizada foi pulverizada em folhas destacadas da mesma cultivar, mantidas por 24 h no escuro e 12 h de fotoperíodo em câmara úmida a 20ºC. Folhas-controle foram pulverizadas com água esterilizada. Após 10 dias detectaram-se urédias contendo urediniósporos na face abaxial das folhas, cujas características morfológicas e mensuração dos urediniósporos, sintomas e patogenicidade permitiram a identificação do agente causal como sendo Pucciniastrum americanum (Farl.) Arthur pela primeira vez no Estado de Santa Catarina.Leaves and fruits of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) of the cultivar Batum collected from the Agriculture and Life Science College - CAV orchard in Lages, SC, presenting rust pustules were analyzed in the CAV Plant Pathology Laboratory. Indirect diagnosis indicated in the abaxial side of the infected leaves and fruits surface pustules filled with masses of yellow spores. Under microscope exam, uredia and small, obovate or elliptical and averaged 12,5-17,5 x 15,0-30,0 µm urediniospores become evident in leaves and fruit surface. Telia were not observed. Urediniopores (50.000 esporos mL-1) were suspended in sterile water and sprayed onto same cultivar leaves that were maintained in a darkened mist chamber at 20ºC for 24 h and transferred to a 20ºC and 12 h light cycle chamber. Control leaves received sterile water only. After 10 days, sporulating uredia with urediniospores were produced on abaxial leaves and according to morphological characteristic of urediniopores, symptoms and pathogenicity, this is the first report of Pucciniastrum americanum (Farl.) Arthur in Santa Catarina State, Brazil.

We determined the occurrence of human cases of intestinal parasites and their spatial distribution in an agricultural center of the state of Paraná in southern Brazil. Results from 5,219 stool examinations carried out in 2003 and 2004 in public and private clinical-pathologylaboratories were analyzed. The overall occurrence of intestinal parasites was 19.8%. Entamoeba coli (7.2%) and Giardia duodenalis (5.2%) were the most frequent species. E. coli was present in 36.4%, G. duodenalis in 26.2% and E. nana in 13.6% of positive cases. According to spatial distribution, the highest occurrence of intestinal parasites was observed in the Piquiri/Guarujá area (p < 0.05), and the lowest in the CSU, Urupês and Paulista areas. In Piquiri/Guarujá, the most common species were G. duodenalis (22.2%) and E. coli (7.4%). Significant differences in the occurrence of enteroparasites were observed for females (p < 0.05) and children 0 to 10 years of age (p < 0.05). The occurrence of intestinal parasites in the municipality was mostly related to children, females, and residence in rural areas and the peripheries of urban centers, where the risk of infection is greater. This information will allow the development of appropriate measures for disease prevention and optimization of resources.O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a ocorrência de casos humanos e a distribuição espacial de parasitos intestinais em município agroindustrial do Estado do Paraná, Sul do Brasil. Foram investigados resultados de 5.219 exames coproparasitológicos realizados em 2003 e 2004, em laboratórios de Análises Clínicas da rede pública e privada. A ocorrência de parasitos intestinais foi de 19,8%, sendo Entamoeba coli (7,2%) e Giardia duodenalis (5,2%) as espécies mais encontradas. Entre os resultados positivos E. coli estava presente em 36,4%, G. duodenalis em 26,2% e E. nana em 13,6%. A mais alta ocorrência de parasitos intestinais foi observada na área do Piquiri/Guarujá (p < 0,05) e a mais baixa no CSU, Urupês e Paulista. No Piquiri/Guarujá, as espécies mais frequentes foram G. duodenalis (22,2%) e E. coli (7,4%). Diferenças significativas na ocorrência de enteroparasitos foram observadas para o gênero feminino (p < 0,05) e para a faixa etária de zero a dez anos (p < 0,05). A ocorrência de parasitos intestinais no município está mais relacionada às crianças, ao gênero feminino e à área que apresenta características rurais e de periferia de centros urbanos onde o risco de infecção é maior. Esta informação irá permitir o desenvolvimento de medidas apropriadas para prevenir doenças e otimizar recursos.

Objetivou-se, nesta pesquisa, estudar a ocorrência natural de ácaros fitófagos e predadores em diferentes cultivares de pessegueiro, no município de Presidente Prudente-SP, Brasil. O estudo foi realizado no período de dezembro de 2002 a fevereiro de 2006. Amostras quinzenais de 72 folhas foram coletadas ao acaso, de pessegueiros das cultivares Talismã, Doçura 2, Dourado 2, Tropical, Aurora 1 e Aurora 2. Coletou-se um total de 2.594 ácaros, sendo 2.092 fitófagos, 403 predadores e 99 de hábitos alimentares pouco conhecidos, com 35 espécies de ácaros de 16 famílias. Aculus fockeui ocorreu de maneira esporádica, não causando danos visíveis às plantas. A família Phytoseiidae apresentou a maior abundância e o maior número de indivíduos. O predador Euseius citrifolius foi o mais abundante. Não houve preferência dos ácaros nas cultivares de pessegueiro avaliadas.This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of phytophagous and predator mites in peach cultivars in Presidente Prudente municipality, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The survey was conducted from 2002 December to 2006 February. Leaf samples were collected fortnightly of 72 sheets of cultivars Talismã, Doçura 2, Dourado 2, Tropical, Aurora 1 and Aurora 2. It was recovered 2594 mites, among 2092 phytophagous, 403 predators and 99 of dietary habits few knowledge. It was collected 35 mite species belong to 16 families. Aculus fockeui occurred on a sporadic season, causing no visible damage to the plants. In the case of phytoseids, Euseius citrifolius was the most abundant predator species. No preference of mites was detected among the peach cultivars.

Agriculture presents dependence on the climatic conditions, especially on precipitation. This way, it is necessary to study the probabilities of occurrence of rain in Garanhuns municipality, Pernambuco State, especially due to its irregularity, to support farmer’s decisions about agriculture activities. The objectives of this study were to forecast monthly rainfall at different significance levels and to determine the probabilities of occurrence of dry and rainy periods for Garanhuns region, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Monthly rainfall data from 1913 to 1987 were analyzed. The criteria to identify dry and rainy periods were based on four classes of monthly rainfall: (S) dry month, from 0 to 50 mm; (PC) low rain month, from 50 to 100 mm; (C) rainy month, from 100 to 200 mm and (BC) very rainy month, above 200 mm. Thus, the monthly averages were analyzed according to the four classes of rains to estimate the probable occurrence of rain following Robertson (1976). The Gamma probability distribution was also used to forecast monthly precipitation, at the following levels: 90, 80, 75, 70, 60, 50, 40 and 30% of probability. The Gamma distribution adjusted well to the data of Garanhuns region, making possible the estimation of the probable rainfall amounts for each month of the year, at different levels of probability. Rainy season was the period between May and August, and the dry one between October and December. The lowest probable monthly rainfalls, below 50 mm, were observed between October and December, when irrigation is required for food production, being recommended to plant annual crops and cultivars of short cycle to be sowing in October, and of long cycle to be sowing in April, in order to reduce the risks of damage.

A patulina é uma micotoxina produzida por várias espécies de Penicillium, Aspergillus e Byssochlamys. Em experimentos com animais, ela demonstrou ter atividade mutagênica, carcinogênica e teratogênica. Tem sido freqüentemente encontrada em maçãs e derivados. A patulina é facilmente transferida da maçã para o suco durante o processamento devido a sua alta solubilidade em água. Essa micotoxina é muito estável ao aquecimento em meio ácido, como no suco de maçã. Assim, a presença de patulina em suco de maçã é um indicador da qualidade das maçãs utilizadas no processamento. Muitos métodos têm sido desenvolvidos para a determinação da patulina, principalmente baseados na extração líquido-líquido com acetato de etila e determinação por CLAE. É importante evidenciar a necessidade de legislação que regulamente limites dessa micotoxina em alimentos no Brasil. Esta revisão bibliográfica tem como objetivos descrever as principais características da patulina, a ocorrência, os aspectos toxicológicose os métodos desenvolvidos para sua detecção e controle durante os estágios da produção da maçã e suco.Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by several Penicillium, Aspergillus and Byssochlamys species. Patulin is a highly toxic compound which has shown to be mutagenic, carcinogenic and teratogenic in experiments with animals. It has often been found in apples and apple products. Patulin is easily transfered into apple juice during processing due to its high solubility in water. This mycotoxin is very stable to heat in acidic medium as in apple juice. Thus, patulin content of apple juice is an indicator of the quality of the apples used to juice production. Many methods have been developed for the patulin determination mainly based on liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and use of HPLC for detection. It is important to show the need of legislation that imposes patulin limits in foods in Brazil. The objectives of this review are to describe the main patulin characteristics, occurrence, toxicological aspects, methods developed for patulin detection and control during the stages of apple and juice production.

Objetivando avaliar a ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii, em caprinos leiteiros do estado de São Paulo, e verificar possíveis associações com idade, sexo, presença de gatos, problemas reprodutivos e potenciais riscos à saúde pública, foram considerados soros de 923 caprinos, de ambos os sexos e idade acima de três meses, provenientes de 17 propriedades de diferentes municípios. Para o diagnóstico, utilizou-se a reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFIe"16) e, também, um inquérito sobre saúde, a fim de se coletarem informações epidemiológicas e de esfera reprodutiva de todos os capris. Os resultados foram discutidos no nível de 5% de significância. Do total das 17 propriedades, foram diagnosticados 15 focos de T. gondii, com positividade entre 2,70% e 81,25%. Não foram verificadas associações entre freqüência de soropositividade e sexo dos animais nem ocorrência de falhas reprodutivas, nos capris. Constatou-se influência positiva na taxa de anticorpos anti-T. gondii pelo aumento da idade dos caprinos e presença de gatos, nos capris. Além de a enfermidade encontrar-se amplamente difundida no estado de São Paulo, o risco eminente de transmissão de T. gondii à saúde pública também deve ser considerado, uma vez que se encontraram focos onde se comercializavam produtos "in natura", como leite e carne.The study evaluated the anti-Toxplasma gondii antibodies occurrence in dairy goats in São Paulo State, and also verified likely associations with age, sex, presence of cats, occurrence of reproductive problems, and potential risks to public health. Serum was obtained from 923 animals of both sex, over three months of age from 17 properties in different cities. For the diagnosis, the indirect immunofluorescence reaction (RIFIe"16) and a questionnaire about health to collect epidemiological information and the reproductive cycle of every goat were used. Among all properties, 15 foci of T. gondii were diagnosed with seropositivity ranging from 2.70% to 81.25%. Neither association between the frequency of seropositivity and the sex of animals nor occurrence of reproduction failure of goats was identified. There was positive influence of anti-T. gondii antibody rate due to the older age of the animals and the presence of cats in pens. The risk of transmitting T. gondii to the public health must be considered, once in some properties where the positive serology was verified natural, products such as milk and/or meat are commercialized. Results were discussed at 5% level of significance.

The isolation and identification of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in swine lungs with pleuropneumonia in the North of Portugal were reported. A total of 127 swine lungs with and without lesions were examined. The system of lesions classification was based on a semi-quantitative method. Diagnosis was made by isolation and identification of the etiological agent in typical lesions. The occurrence of observed lesions was 75.6% and the occurrence of isolation of A. pleuropneumoniae was 19.7%. In 25 out of 96 (26.0%) lung samples with lesions of pleuropneumonia, A. pleuropneumoniae was isolated.

O Cryptosporidium spp. e a Giardia sp. são atualmente reconhecidos como os principais patógenos entéricos com potencial zoonótico. O presente estudo visou estabelecer a prevalência desses protozoários em eqüinos hospedados no Jockey Club de Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, no período de 19 de maio a 30 de junho de 2007. Foram coletadas amostras de fezes, diretamente da ampola retal, de 64 animais. As amostras de fezes foram processadas por meio do método de centrifugação-flutuação de Faust modificado. Posteriormente essas amostras foram visualizadas ao microscópio óptico para a pesquisa de cistos e oocistos. Os resultados encontrados revelaram a presença de Cryptosporidium spp. em 75% (48/64) das amostras. Cistos de Giardia sp. não foram encontrados nas amostras de fezes analisadas. A freqüência de Cryptosporidium spp. nas diferentes faixas etárias foi de 83,3% (15/18) nos potros até dois anos de idade, 71% (22/31) nos jovens entre dois e cinco anos e 80% (12/15) nos adultos. Os resultados demonstram que o Cryptosporidium spp. está amplamente disseminado na população de eqüinos do Jockey Club de Santa Maria e pode representar uma fonte de infecção significativa para a população da região.Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia sp. are currently recognised as the main enteric pathogens with potential zoonotic transmission risk. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of these parasites in horses stabled in the Santa Maria Jockey Club between May 19 and June 30, 2007. Fecal samples from 64 horses were collected directly from the animals’ rectal ampoule. The 64 fecal samples were processed using modified Faust’s method through the centrifugation-floatation technique, and were then later visualized under optical microscope for detection of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and Giardia sp. cysts. The results showed the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. in 75% (48/64) of the samples. Giardia sp. cysts were not found in the fecal samples analysed. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in foals below two years of age was 83.3% (15/18); 71% (22/31) in young foals aged between three and five years of age, and 80% (12/15) in adult horses. These results show that Cryptosporidium spp. is widely disseminated in this population, and it can represent an important source of infection for the population in the region.

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) may occur in milk and milk products, resulting from the ingestion of aflatoxin B1 in feedstuffs by dairy cow. A total of 88 samples of Parmesan cheese marketed in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, from March 2004 to December 2004, were analyzed for AFM1 by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector following sample clean-up using immunoaffinity columns. AFM1 was detected in 40 of the 88 samples (46.4%). However, only two samples among these were contaminated at a level above the maximum permissible limit (250 ng kg-1) accepted by European Union for AFM1. No AFM1 maximum tolerance limit in cheese has been established in Brazil.Aflatoxina M1 (AFM1) pode ocorrer em leite e produtos de leite, resultante da ingestão de aflatoxina B1 presente em rações de gado leiteiro. Um total de 88 amostras de queijo Parmesão, comercializadas no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, no período de março de 2004 a dezembro de 2004, foram analisadas para aflatoxina M1 por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) com detector de fluorescência, precedida de purificação da amostra por coluna de imunoafinidade. AFM1 foi detectada em 40 das 88 amostras (46,4%). Entretanto, somente duas amostras entre estas estavam contaminadas em um nível acima do limite máximo permitido (250 ng kg-1), aceito pela Comunidade Européia para AFM1. O Brasil não apresenta tolerância máxima permitida para AFM1 em queijo.

Com o objetivo de se avaliar a freqüência de caprinos leiteiros soropositivos para Neospora caninum, no estado de São Paulo, e se verificarem possíveis associações com idade, sexo e problemas reprodutivos, nos capris, e, também, presença de cães, nas propriedades, foram obtidos soros de 923 caprinos de ambos os sexos e idade acima de 3 meses. Os animais eram provenientes de 17 propriedades de diferentes municípios. Para o diagnóstico, foi utilizado o teste de aglutinação para Neospora (NATe"25), e, em todos os capris, aplicou-se um inquérito a partir do qual se obtiveram informações epidemiológicas e de esfera reprodutiva. Todos os resultados estatísticos foram discutidos no nível de 5% de significância. Assim, chegou-se à conclusão de que a freqüência percentual de positividade para N. caninum foi de 19,77%, e, em apenas uma propriedade, não houve registro de animal soropositivo, o que revela difusão do agente, no Estado. Não foram verificadas diferenças significativas entre freqüências de positividade quanto ao sexo, idade ou problemas reprodutivos. Porém, ressalta-se que a presença de cães, nos capris, foi associada a uma maior freqüência de caprinos soropositivos a N. caninum. A representação geográfica da distribuição de caprinos soropositivos para o protozoário, em mapa coroplético em hachuras, pode implicar em um ganho considerável para estudos da epidemiologia geográfica, na elaboração de um planejamento de controle da enfermidade.In order to assess the frequency of dairy goats seropositive for Neospora caninum in the state of São Paulo, and its relationship with age, sex, presence of dogs and reproductive problems in goat pens, serum samples were obtained from 923 goats of both sexes older than 3 months of age. Samples were collected in 17 properties located in different municipalities. Neospora agglutination test (NATe"25) was used to determine the presence of Neospora caninum in all animals. Epidemiological and reproductive data were obtained through a questionnaire which was administered in all goat pens. Significance level was set at 5% for all statistical tests. N. caninum positivity rate was 19.77%. Only one of the properties had no seropositive animal revealing N. caninum diffusion in the state. Seropositivity frequency did not correlate with sex, age, or reproductive problems. However, the presence of dogs was associated with a higher frequency of N. caninum seropositivity. A choroplethic map with hatch patterns showing the geographical distribution of goats seropositive for Neospora caninum may considerably contribute to geographic epidemiological studies and the development of disease control strategies.

No Brasil, a população de aves conhecida como galinhas de terreiro encontra-se fora do sistema de biosseguridade aplicada às criações comerciais. Para investigar a presença de anticorpos contra alguns vírus específicos nesta população, foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 867 aves não-vacinadas em 60 propriedades de 22 municípios do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. O soro foi testado para a presença de anticorpos contra o vírus da bronquite infecciosa das galinhas (IBV), reovírus aviário (ARV) e o vírus da doença infecciosa da bolsa (IBDV) pela técnica de soroneutralização. Anticorpos contra IBV foram detectados em 65% (564/867) das amostras, contra ARV em 21,6% (187/867) e contra IBDV em 80,2% (695/867) das aves. Todas as propriedades avaliadas apresentavam uma ave positiva para anticorpos contra IBV e IBDV e 88,3% delas eram positivas para ARV. Os resultados demonstram que esses vírus estão presentes em galinhas de terreiro nas criações avícolas não-industriais da região central do Estado. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de um programa de vigilância permanente nessa população e ainda indicam a necessidade de avaliar o impacto destas infecções nos próprios plantéis e o risco associado à transmissão destas às criações comerciais.The backyard poultry are not included in the biosecurity system applied in commercial flocks in Brazil. To investigate the presence of antibodies to specific viral pathogens in this population, blood samples were collected from 867 non-vaccinated birds, from 60 flocks in 22 counties of the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The samples were tested to detect antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), avian reovirus (ARV) and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), through the virus neutralization test. Antibodies to IBV were detected in 65% (564/867), against ARV in 21.6% (187/867), and against IBDV in 80.2% (695/867) of the samples. All the flocks had chickens positive to IBV and IBDV antibodies, and 88.3% of them harbored antibodies to ARV. The results show the presence of these viruses in backyard poultry from the central region of the State. It also indicates the need for additional studies aimed to evaluate the real importance of these infections for this type of flocks.

Nos últimos anos, a fruticultura nacional passou por uma grande expansão, dentre os fatores que contribuíram para o aumento na área cultivada cita-se as condições climáticas favoráveis, que permitem produzir praticamente todos os tipos de frutas. No entanto, as frutíferas podem apresentar, ao longo do seu desenvolvimento e produção, diversos problemas fitossanitários, dentre eles o parasitismo por nematóides. Nematóides são importantes parasitos de plantas e encontram-se disseminados por todas as áreas nas quais a agricultura é explorada. Praticamente todas as espécies cultivadas são suscetíveis a esses patógenos, incluindo as frutíferas. No Brasil, há relato de 70 espécies de nematóides que atacam essas espécies. A fauna nematológica na rizosfera e no rizoplano de uma dessas plantas é bastante diferenciada e complexa, com algumas espécies de nematóides apresentando alta capacidade de reprodução, o que pode, ao longo do tempo, causar declínio da planta e redução na vida útil do pomar. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo fazer uma abordagem geral em relação aos nematóides associados às principais frutíferas cultivadas no Brasil.= National fruit growing has spread a great deal in the past years. Favorable climate conditions which make growing basically every kind of fruit possible are among the aspects contributing to the increase of the crop area. However, fruit may present a number of phytosanitary problems throughout its development and growing such as parasite nematodes. Nematodes are important plant parasites disseminated in areas where agricultural areas. Practically all of the growing species are susceptible to these pathogens, including fruit. In Brazil, there is the report of 70 nematode species which attack fruit species. Nematode fauna inside the rhizosphere and the rhizoplane of these plants is much differentiated and complex, with some species of nematodes presenting high reproduction capacity, what may, in the long run, cause decline of the plant and the reduction of the lifetime of the orchard. Thus, this paper overviews the nematodes associated with the main fruit grown in Brazil.

Most ornithological fieldworks in the state of Santa Catarina concentrate on the eastern half of state, while the middle-west lacks information. Between March 2000 and May 2002 a bird inventory was made in the influence areas of the hydroelectric power plants of Machadinho and Barra Grande, along the right banks of the Uruguai and Pelotas rivers, on Santa Catarina State territory. We carried out ad libitum surveys, point count sampling, and capture with mist nets. We present seventy-two noteworthy records for Santa Catarina, including three new occurrences for the state (Cypseloides senex, Polioptila dumicola e Procacicus solitarius), three species whose available information was only in general bibliography (Amazona pretrei, Ramphastos toco e Capsiempis flaveola), four whose records are the first in the last 40 years (Megascops sanctaecatarinae, Macropsalis forcipata Phyllomyias virescens e Corytops delalandi), and 63 species first cited for the eastern section of the Uruguai river valley.

This article investigates the interdependence between discourse and event. The repercussion of the event lies in the fact that it syncretizes three different semiotic modes: (i) efficiency, which links occurrence and achievement; (ii) existence, which connects projective intent and retrospective apprehension; (iii) and junction, which correlates concession and implication. Considering these correlations, the analysis of the event leads to the definition of event = occurrence + apprehension + concession. The plausible correlated term for event, exercise, is analyzed and defined symmetrically and inversely to the former one, i.e., exercise = achievement + intent + implication. If the event is the core of the discourse, this is undoubtedly due to the fact that it selects a marked term for each mode.

The objective of this study was to classify the species in shrub-tree layer of three areas of sensu stricto cerrado, in peculiar or accessory as well as classification due to the environmental groups, thus seeking to trace a succession profile of these areas, and check whether or not there is a uniqueness by the species that make up these fragments. This study was conducted in the city of Gurupi - TO, at the UFT Experimental Farm Campus of Gurupi in UTM coordinates 11"46'25 S and 49"02'54 W and in the city of Aliança do Tocantins - TO on Farm Nossa Lady Aparecida under its UTM coordinates 11"46'25 S and 49"02'54 W. The classification of the species in peculiar or accessory was based on the methodology proposed by Rizzini, and the ecological grouping of species was based on consultations with specialized literature. Most species and individuals are present in successional status of pioneer and early secondary, and being 57.13% 62.35% and 67.18% of the total species, and 68.56% 65.40% and 72.08% individuals respectively. More than half of the species were classified the peculiar, or have restricted occurrence to the Cerrado domain, and 66.24% 69.41% and 50.75% of the total of species found in each area respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo foi descrever os casos de fissuras labiopalatais registrados na AAFLAP (Associação de Apoio aos Fissurados Labiopalatais), ocorridos na cidade de São José dos Campos - SP, em relação ao sexo, classificação socioeconômica, tipo de fissura e concomitância com síndromes. MÉTODOS: Os dados foram levantados das fichas preenchidas pela AAFLAP, entidade que recebe, orienta e encaminha para a realização dos procedimentos terapêuticos necessários, totalizando 200 crianças acometidas no período de 1992 a 2002. RESULTADOS: Da análise dos dados pode-se observar que não houve diferença significativa na ocorrência de fissuras labiopalatais com relação ao sexo, sendo 48% do feminino e 52% do masculino, e que 73,70% dos casos acometeram crianças oriundas de classe socioeconômica desfavorecida. A fissura do tipo pós-forame incisivo prevaleceu em 41,33% dos casos, seguida da transforame incisivo com 33,16%, da pré-forame incisivo com 24,49% e das raras com 1,02%. Dos casos de fissura pós-forame incisivo, a incompleta totalizou 79%; dos casos de fissura pré-forame incisivo, o lado esquerdo totalizou 56% dos casos. De todos os casos levantados de fissuras labiopalatais, 9,18% estavam associados a alguma síndrome, sendo a Síndrome de Pierre Robin a mais prevalente e, em 94% das vezes, associada ao tipo de fissura pós-forame incisivo incompleta. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve diferença na ocorrência com relação ao sexo da criança; a classe socioeconômica desfavorecida foi a mais acometida; a fissura mais prevalente foi a pós-forame incompleta, e um décimo do total estudado, aproximadamente, apresentava associação com alguma síndrome.OBJECTIVE: This study examined the occurrence of lip and palate clefts in the city of São José dos Campos-SP. METHODS: data of people born between 1992 and 2002 were analyzed according to the sex, socioeconomic class, type of cleft, and relation with other syndromes. A total of 200 records were obtained from AAFLAP (Association of Support to the Lip and Palate Cleft), entity that since 1987 has been receiving, guiding and providing the necessary therapeutic care. RESULTS: The analysis of the data did not show any significant difference in occurrence rates in terms of sex (48% female and 52% male). 73.70% of the cases were children of lower socioeconomic classes. The incisive post-foramen cleft prevailed in 41.33% of the cases, followed by incisive transforamen cleft with 33.16%, incisive pre-foramen cleft with 24.49%, and the rare ones with 1.02%. Of the incisive post-foramen cleft cases, 79% were incomplete, and 56% of the incisive pre-foramen cleft cases were on the left side. Out of all cases, 9.18% were associated to some kind of syndrome, Pierre Robin's Syndrome being the most prevalent, and in 94% of the times it was associated to post-foramen cleft. CONCLUSIONS: The survey showed no difference in occurrence rates in terms of sex of the child; lower socioeconomic classes were more affected; the most prevalent type of cleft was incomplete post-foramen; and approximately one tenth of the total sample presented association with other syndromes.

A male-female pair of Masked Gnatcatcher, Polioptila dumicola (Aves: Muscicapidae, Sylviinae) were observed for the first time in Santa Catarina state (Brazil) on 11/06/200, near the banks of the Chapecó River, between the municipalities of Ipuaçu and São Domingos in the west of Santa Catarina state (26º37’38”S and 52º31’52”W). Although it had been quoted in the literature of Paraguay, Bolivia, Argentina and Uruguay, and also in literature of the Brazilian states of Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul, this was the first record of the species in the state of Santa Catarina.

Bovine hemoplasmas are bacteria found on the erythrocyte surface or free in the plasma of cattle. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos' ('C. M. haemobos') in Holstein and Jersey cattle raised in Londrina and surroundings, northern region of the State of Parana, Southern Brazil. PCR testing directed to 16S rRNA gene fragment was performed to investigate the occurrence and characterize the molecular identity of 'C. M. haemobos'. A total of 264/433 (60.97%) blood samples were positive by PCR. Further alignment of 500-bp amplicons to available sequences at the GenBank database showed high identity (100%) to 'C. M. haemobos'. To the author's knowledge, this is the first molecular confirmation of the hemoplasma 'C. M. haemobos' in cattle from Brazil. Moreover, 'C. M. haemobos' was observed in high occurrence in dairy cattle, and may have significant impact in livestock production.Hemoplasmas de bovinos são bactérias encontradas na superfície de hemácias, ou livre no plasma de bovinos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos' ('C. M. haemobos') em bovinos das raças Holandesa e Jersey da região de Londrina, norte do Paraná, sul do Brasil. Para investigar a ocorrência e caracterizar a identidade molecular do 'C. M haemobos' uma PCR baseada no fragmento do gene 16S rRNA foi realizada. A PCR identificou como positivas 264/433 (61%) amostras de sangue testadas. O alinhamento deste fragmento de 500 pb com seqüências disponíveis no GenBank mostrou 100% de identidade 'C. M. haemobos'. Pela bibliografia consultada, esta é a primeira confirmação molecular do hemoplasma 'C. M. haemobos' em bovinos no Brasil. Além disso, foi observada uma alta prevalência deste hemoplasma em bovinos de leite, que pode ter um impacto importante na pecuária bovina.

O objetivo do trabalho foi conhecer as espécies de tripes (Thysanoptera) que atacam pomares de mangueira no semiárido pernambucano. Foram realizadas coletas no período de um ano, em três plantios comerciais da cv. 'Tommy Atkins'. Avaliações semanais foram realizadas em 75 plantas, nos estádios vegetativo e reprodutivo, perfazendo um total de 10.704 amostras em folhas e 390 em panículas. Os espécimes coletados foram levados ao laboratório da Embrapa Semiárido, Petrolina, PE, para triagem dos adultos em microscópio estereoscópico e, posteriormente, enviados à Universidade Federal de Lavras, MG, para identificação. As espécies Frankliniella gardeniae Moulton e Frankliniella Brevicaulis Hood, pertencentes à família Thripidae, representaram, respectivamente, 77% e 23% do total dos tripes coletados. Este estudo relata a primeira ocorrência dessas duas espécies em associação à cultura da mangueira, no Brasil.The goal of this study was to survey the thrips (Thysanoptera) fauna that attack mango trees in the "semiárido" of Pernambuco. During one year, three commercial orchards of the 'Tommy Atkins' variety were visited. Weekly evaluations were carried out in 75 plants in the vegetative and reproductive stages, totaling 10.704 leaf samples and 390 panicle samples. The adult specimens were sorted using stereomicroscope at the Embrapa Semiárido lab, Petrolina, PE, and sent to the Lavras Federal University, MG, for identification. The species Frankliniella gardeniae Moulton and Frankliniella Brevicaulis Hood, family Thripidae, represented 77% and 23% of all collected thrips, respectively. This is the first report of these two species occurring in association with mango trees in Brazil.

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This paper discuss the occurrence of the regular echinoid species Goniopygus durandi, Rosadosoma riograndensis (Maury 1924), Phymosoma major (Coquand 1862), and the irregular echinoids Petalobrissus setifensis (Cotteau 1866), P. cubensis (Weisbord 1934), Mecaster fourneli (Agassiz & Desor 1847), M. texanus (Roemer 1852) and Mecaster sp in Camurim-01, Gangorrinha-2, Gov. Dix-Sept Rosado-2, Gov. Dix-Sept Rosado-6, Estreito-1 and Frei Antonio-3, which are fossiliferous localities of Jandaíra Formation, Potiguar Basin. The sample comprises 228 specimens that were collected in 2003 and 2011. Regarding the relative abundance of the echinoid species present in Jandaíra Formation limestones, it was observed that irregular echinoids appear in a large number compared to the regular ones. Camurim-1 and Gangorrinha-2 localities stood out for having the largest abundance of species, both endocyclic and exocyclic. In Gov. Dix-Sept Rosado-2 and Gov. Dix-Sept Rosado-6 the specimens of genus Mecaster were the only ones observed. Estreito-1 and Frei Antonio-3 had the smallest occurrence, where in the former the occurrence of regular species was observed and in the latter the occurrence of irregular ones. This occurrence pattern could be related to paleoenvironmental conditions and the species' lifestyle, because the localities with the largest biodiversity and abundance are deposited near the edge of the basin, such as Camurim-1 and Gangorrinha-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the relationship between the population density of pest and other species of white grubs (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) occurring in cultivated and uncultivated fields in the planalto region, in northern Rio Grande do Sul. Sampling was carried through 23 municipalities, from July to September 2009 and 2010 in two areas, one cultivated and another noncultivated, In each area, trenches of 50x25x30cm were opened. Melolontid larvae collected were identified and gathered in two groups: "pest-species" and "other species". Populational density (no of larvae m-2) of the two groups were compared between cultivated and noncultivated areas. The "other species" density was higher than pest community in both cultivated (9,0 e 3,9 larvae m-2) and noncultivated areas (6,6 e 3,9 larvae m-2 respectively). There is no difference between means of pest species population density between cultivated and noncultivated areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]