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Investment Screening Mechanisms (ISM) are legal rules created to control and assess the entry of direct investments from foreign jurisdictions. This discussion paper is premised on the observation of a marked increase in the institutionalization and implementation of ISM in recent years, regardless of the type of domestic economy. It selects fifteen ISM for a descriptive analysis of their organizational structures and procedures, including: Australia, Canada, China, Germany, India, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Portugal, Russia, South Africa, Spain, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the European Union. Although the criteria for controlling and evaluating foreign investment contains national security as a shared concern, this paper identifies a significant diversity regarding the profile of the institutions responsible for investment screening, including their scope and their procedures for assessment. As a final remark, the paper raised critical concerns about ISM based on its analysis and the literature.

This study examines the changes that have occurred in the last decades inthe links between the different activities of the economy, especially in the links betweenservice and manufacturing activities. This analysis examines the links (directions) and intensities (value) of the intersectoral relations of the world’s largest economies in 1995 and2010. The research is structured in two basic points: 1) review of theoretical approacheson evolution and the links between manufacturing and service activities in the economy,and; 2) indicators estimated from the combination of the Network Analysis (Pajek software) on data from the national input-output matrices (WIOD, 2014). The results pointto a strong complementarity between the manufacturing and some services segments., Este estudo examina as mudanças ocorridas nas últimas décadas nos vínculos entre as diferentes atividades da economia, especialmente nos elos entre as atividades de serviços e industriais a partir do pressuposto de que o setor secundário édeterminante para a estruturação do terciário. Para esse exame, o artigo analisa osvínculos (direções) e as intensidades (valores) das relações intersetoriais das 12 maioreseconomias mundiais entre 1995 e 2010. A pesquisa estrutura-se em dois pontos básicos: a) revisão das abordagens teóricas sobre a evolução e os vínculos entre as atividades industriais e de serviços na economia; e b) estimação de indicadores a partir dacombinação da metodologia de análise de redes (por meio do software Pajek) sobre osdados das matrizes de insumo-produto nacionais (WIOD, 2014). Os resultados apontam para uma forte complementaridade entre a indústria de transformação e algunssegmentos de serviços.

This study aims to investigate the patterns and patterns of distribution of funds from the National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES) on industry and infrastructure, with emphasis on the sectorial and regional vectors of its performance in Brazil. The approach is based on the use of analytical, descriptive and statistical methods and based on data that are registered by the BNDES and the Annual List of Social Information (RAIS) for the period 2000-2018. The results suggested for the BNDES in the most recent period, expanded the financing of the Brazilian industry and infrastructure in all macro-regions, demonstrating, even on a modest scale, a process of deconcentration. As more consolidated industrial agglomerations, they still retain great relevance in the absorption of resources (both for industry and infrastructure) and are located, mainly, in the proximity of the main capitals and coastal strip. However, the results are evident when the BNDES carries out actions of smaller size agglomerations, mainly those belonging to regions targeted by the regional policy (North, Northeast and Midwest), a process that can be considered in the edition of new local productive arrangements.

This paper aims to summary the options of a research agenda in defenseeconomics. The importance of the sector can be seen by the generation of jobs, taxesand income, as well as the provision of an essential public good, protection againstpotential threats to resources and activities developed in the context of society and thenational economy. This paper, therefore, works the possible articulations of research inthe context of a country that overcomes the trauma of years of military intervention innational politics and recognizes the importance and necessity of the activity, as well asits potential for reproduction in society. Above all, it is not only possible to articulate amicroeconomic research, studying the sectors as traditional, but also a macroeconomicresearch, fundamental for the positioning and fulfillment of the functions of the defenseactivities., O presente artigo tem como objetivo delinear as opções de uma agenda depesquisa em economia da defesa. A importância do setor pode ser constatada pelageração de empregos, impostos e renda, além da oferta de um bem público essencial,qual seja a proteção contra potenciais ameaças aos recursos e às atividades desenvolvidasnos contextos social e econômico brasileiros. O artigo, portanto, trabalha as articulaçõespossíveis de pesquisa no cenário prospectivo de um país que supera os dilemassociais e econômicos dos anos de intervenção militar na política nacional e reconhecea importância e necessidade da atividade de defesa nacional à luz do seu potencial dereprodução na sociedade. Sobretudo, destaca-se que não somente é possível articularuma pesquisa microeconômica, estudando os setores, mas também uma pesquisamacroeconômica, ambas fundamentais, convergindo para o cumprimento das funçõesdas atividades de defesa.

A disponibilidade de capital é tradicionalmente considerada como um dos elementos cruciais para o desenvolvimento dos países. A cooperação entre países torna-se no elemento fundamental para garantir o financiamento para o desenvolvimento dos países mais pobres e com poucas capacidades de mobilizarem os capitais necessários. Entretanto, esta arquitetura tradicional de cooperação tem vindo a evoluir rapidamente. Novos atores, novas dimensões de desenvolvimento, novas modalidades e mecanismos de ajuda, e novos quadros regulatórios para a sua eficácia e eficiência vão surgindo. O capital gasto é constantemente considerado insuficiente e os resultados vão teimando em não surgir. Na construção do mais recente quadro de referência para o desenvolvimento pós-2015, a mobilização dos recursos e a eficácia da sua alocação surgem novamente como aspetos cruciais. Neste cenário, esta dissertação procura avaliar o papel que os mecanismos e práticas de financiamento, estabelecidos no quadro de desenvolvimento pós-2015, podem possuir na evolução paradigmática da cooperação para o desenvolvimento. Através de uma metodologia qualitativa, são abordados os principais aspetos sobre a indústria do desenvolvimento, desde o final da década de 1940, de forma sucinta e crítica. Por outro lado, a análise foca-se na forma como os recursos e mecanismos são geridos para alcançarem os objetivos traçados e no seu valor acrescentado para o desenvolvimento. O futuro da indústria do desenvolvimento passa pela sua renovação e inovação face aos seus constantes fracassos, sob o risco de ser ultrapassada. O cenário de financiamento para o desenvolvimento estabelecido para o pós-2015 procura ser a solução crucial para alcançar finalmente o tão desejado desenvolvimento. The availability of capital is traditionally considered as one of the crucial elements for countries development. Cooperation between countries has become the key element in securing financing for the development of the poorest countries with little capacity to mobilize the needed capital. However, this traditional architecture of development cooperation has evolved rapidly. New actors, new dimensions of development, new modalities and aid mechanisms, and new regulatory frameworks for their effectiveness and efficiency are emerging. The expended capital is consistently considered insufficient and the results keep on not emerging. In the process of building the latest framework for post 2015 development, the mobilization of resources and the effectiveness of their allocation appears again as crucial aspects. In this context, this dissertation tries to evaluate the role that financing mechanisms and practices, established in the new post 2015 development framework, can have in the paradigmatic evolution of development cooperation. Through a qualitative methodology, the main aspects about the development industry, from the end of the 1940s, are approached in a succinct and critical way. On the other hand, the analysis focuses on how the resources and mechanisms are managed to help the achievement of the outlined goals and in their added value for development. The future of the development industry goes through its renewal and innovation in the face of its constant failures, under the risk of being outdated. The post-2015 development financing scenario looks to be the crucial solution to finally achieve the much-desired development.

This study examines the changes in recent decades in the links between the different activities of the economy, especially in those links between manufacturing and services. This research seeks to analyze the linking (directions) and the intensities (value) of the intersectorial linkages in Brazilian economy from 1995 and 2010. The research is structured into two basic points: 1) A review of the theoretical approaches concerning the evolution and the linkage between industrial activities and services in economic, and 2) developing indicators using a combination between the network analysis methodology (Pajek software) and input-output matrix data (WIOD, 2014). Furthermore, we demonstrated that in most countries, the relationship between manufacturing and services are the main components of the network density, quantifying the importance of this relationship in the productive structure. Este estudo examina as mudanças ocorridas nas últimas décadas nos vínculos entre as diferentes atividades da economia, especialmente nos elos entre as industriais e de serviços. Para tanto, analisam-se os vínculos (direções) e as intensidades (valor) das relações intersetoriais na economia brasileira e de outros países em 1995 e 2010. A pesquisa está estruturada em dois pontos básicos: revisão das abordagens teóricas sobre a evolução e os vínculos entre as atividades industriais e de serviços na economia; e indicadores estimados a partir da combinação da metodologia de análise de redes (software Pajek) com dados da matriz insumo-produto (WIOD, 2014). Os resultados indicam que existe uma relação sistêmica entre a indústria e os serviços nos países que adensaram a estrutura produtiva.

By focusing on the relationship between state and society in countries like Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS), taken as an example of emerging economies, this paper analyzes the advisory counsel to the Executive from Brazil, South Africa and India as a means of expanding state capacity state interaction with society, eventually providing ideas for policy development in the post-neoliberal context. Overall, it is argued that the different ways were structured and the equally diverse working of the studied advice do vary the potential for expansion of state capacity. Finally, we emphasize the contributions of India and South Africa councils to improve the Brazilian experiences.

This essay inquires into the characteristics and historical possibilities of a Developmental State built on democracy, in opposition to the East Asian Developmental State historical model. After a brief introduction, this model and the capitalism development the underdeveloped peoples crave are interpreted and subjected to a critical evaluation. The answer to the criticisms is made in two levels: the reframing of development and the perspective of a new historical model of a Democratic State for Development. The endogenous development (Celso Furtado) is explained as an alternative of social change in which popular mobilization provokes the expansion of human capabilities (Amarty Sen) through market democratization and deepening democracy (Mangabeira Unger). The Democratic State for Development (DSD) is defined by redesigned developmental functions and institutional innovations that can make endogenous development feasible. The social bases and ideological foundations that can endorse the DSD historical pattern are identified to point the historical possibility of a constructive convergence of popular social forces and "humanist" ideologies in some countries of the periphery. The essay concludes indicating ways to make feasible a simultaneous program of State and society transformation, envisioning the overcoming of underdevelopment and the confrontation of contemporary capitalism contradictions.

The present investigation text performs a historical and contemporary analysis on the Brazilian public policy trajectory, specially focused on the regional development, aiming at characterizing the pattern of the territorial integration. The inflexion one searches relies on the regional integration transformation, traditionally promoted as a means of appropriation of mercantile sources, followed by social exclusion and radical environment transformation, vis-à-vis a more intense dynamic of technology generation, regional income, social inclusion and environmental impact boundaries. For that purpose, the bibliographic review goes through the history of the South America economic integration, from a Brazilian standpoint, which highlights the economic scale and the public intervention. As from the regional integration background, one considers some market characteristics of the continent productive factors. The analysis of the Brazilian and South American investments pursuant the Plan Plus Brazil (PMB 2012-2015) and the Agenda of Priority Integration Projects 2012 (API, 2011) shows the projects connection, although with traces of the Brazilian historic pattern of production factors integration (land, work and capital), with regard of the lack of guarantee of social inclusion and environmental protection. The meaning one searches relates to the importance of the regional integration economic process, which tangle with the construction of urban, logistic and productive infrastructure, as well as with a broad and articulated Brazilian public policy, jointly with the continent's country.

The present study analyzes the political and institutional arrangements of the new housing program in the Brasil (PMCMV), examining them both from the point of view of democracy and its effectiveness to achieve its objectives. In other words, it aks if such arrangements encourage expanded participation of a plurality of actors and if they favor the coordination of its implementation and the achievement of the goals. The hypothesis considered to be the PMCMV a public policy with institutional arrangement that is politically legitimate and also bureaucratically able for favoring the achievement of the proposed objectives. The selected data, however, showed that this hypothesis has not been completely confirmed. Even having achieved the goals established, with management and monitoring arrangements to raise the efficiency of the policy, its institutional arrangement was not able to include important social actors in the area, such as the popular pró-moradia movements and organized groups of experts on urban themes. their demands have not been addressed in decision-making arenas.

The article aims to contribute in overcoming the challenges regarding the analysis capacity and the political performance addressing regional and territorial development. For so much, the paper discusses the relationship between knowledge and planning - i. e. between science and action based on science. In an analysis of that relationship in the period previous to the dominance of the New Public Management (NPM) theses about the role of the modern state, it investigates the conditions that lead to the failure of the planning based development strategies in the postwar in most countries. In following it states the question if there are, even now, when new developing ends ask for new roles of the state, evolutions in economics, social and political science able to offer ground to planning a development process based on growth, justness and ecological sustainability. Starting from there, it explores the possibilities of the endogenous and sustainable development theories (ESDT) to subsidize new planning processes targeting inclusive development, broadly democratic and territorially rooted.

The impacts of the exploration and production of large oil and gas reserves in a national economy are controversial. Several countries have shown a lack of capacity to develop based on these resources, while others achieve success. One important part of this equation are the local content rules adopted, that may force the oil companies into buying locally-produced supplies, which may influence the results attained either positively or negatively. The present work analyses the Brazilian case based on the international experience and concludes that, despite attaining a certain degree of success, the Brazilian local content policy should be enhanced as a way to minimize the risks of contracting the Dutch Disease by i) strengthening the controlling and transparency responsibilities of the local content coordination at ANP; ii) acknowledging the consequences of the oil industry to the national economy; and iii) considering the capability and specialization potential of the national industry.

Neste trabalho, utilizou-se o Método Delphi a fim de investigar os rumos da mudança estrutural no Brasil. Partindo de uma visão da estrutura setorial da economia brasileira em 2002, tratou-se de vislumbrar os contornos da mudança. Aplicando um questionário detalhado sobre as perspectivas setoriais do emprego, valor adicionado, demanda final e valor da produção a 18 observadores da cena brasileira, pôde-se construir as matrizes de insumo-produto de 2010 e 2020. Em média, a opinião dos entrevistados sinalizou para importantes modificações nas estruturas setoriais do emprego e da produção. Sua visão do futuro, contudo, apontou para modestas transformações na distribuição primária da renda, na participação do governo e na estrutura do consumo familiar. Os resultados sugerem que a mudança estrutural do país nos próximos 15 ou 20 anos precisa ser mais arrojada, de sorte a dar lugar à construção de uma sociedade dinâmica e igualitária., Dealing with the Delphi Method, this paper departed from the sectoral structure of the Brazilian economy in 2002, in order to forecast the shape of the expected structural change. Applying a detailed questionnaire concerned with the sectoral perspectives of employment, value added, final demand and gross output to 18 observers of the Brazilian scene, it was possible to build the input-output tables for 2010 and 2020. On the average, the opinions of the people interviewed pointed to important changes in the structure of employment and production. Their vision of the future, however, depicted only modest transformations on the primary distribution of income, in the involvement of the government sector with the distributive dimension of the action of society and, the structure of household consumption. The results achieved with this exercise suggest that the structural change of the country in the next 15 or 20 years needs to be more effective, in order to allow for the creation of a dynamic and egalitarian society.