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Adrenal myelolipomas are rare benign tumors, often non-functioning, located in the adrenal cortex, consisting mainly of mature adipose tissue and hematopoietic tissue. Although uncommon, the number of reported cases has increased due to the greater use of diagnostic imaging techniques. This tumor is usually unilateral and found as an adrenal incidentaloma, although there is a predominance of bilaterality in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). In this study, we report the case of a 33-year-old male patient with CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, in non-regular use of the control medication, with bilateral giant adrenal myelolipoma and subsequent evolution of bilateral testicular adrenal rest tumors. He underwent bilateral adrenalectomy by video laparoscopy. The anatomopathological analysis, which confirmed myelolipomas’ diagnosis, revealed the right adrenal with 430 g and 12.5 x 9.3 cm and the left with 257 g and 11.5 x 10.4 cm. This tumor may be accompanied by adrenocortical adenoma and carcinoma, ganglioneuroma, pheochromocytoma, Addison’s disease, Cushing’s syndrome, or CAH. Among the hypotheses of its pathogenesis, we highlight an association between the development of adrenal myelolipoma and chronic hormonal stimulation by the adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), especially in CAH. The non-regular treatment of CAH with glucocorticoids may have contributed to the chronic and elevated secretion of ACTH and, consequently, to the development of bilateral giant adrenal myelolipoma.

Pancreatic dorsal agenesis (PDA) is an infrequent and often asymptomatic congenital entity. It may present as an incidental finding of an imaging exam or associated with other conditions such as abdominal pain or discomfort, diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, tumors, and other malformations. This study presents and discusses the case of a 52-year-old woman, obese, with pre-diabetes and gastroesophageal reflux disease, whose diagnosis of PDA occurred during the investigation of a chronic condition of cholestasis and abdominal discomfort. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) showed an absence of the pancreas body and tail and did not show the corresponding dorsal pancreatic duct. Imaging tests are essential for diagnosing PDA. There is no specific treatment for PDA, so only accompanying conditions are treated when indicated.

Abstract: Introduction: Physical activity is essential for preventing and treating many diseases. Although physicians are the most influential health professionals in advising their patients on the benefits of physical activity, most medical degree programs in Brazil do not seem to include physical activity topics in their curricula. Objective: This study aimed to investigate physical activity topics on active medical curricula in Brazil. Method: The research was conducted separately in April 2015 and February 2019 using a governmental resource, the e-MEC system, and search in internet databases. Data were split into categories according to the type of enrollment (mandatory or optional) of the courses that have subjects or thematic modules with topics on physical activity, type of activities (theoretical, practical, or theoretical-practical), and emphasis on the content (health, performance, or health and performance). Results: Of the 223 medical curricula compiled in 2015 and 286 in 2019, respectively, only 24 (10.8%) and 19 (6.7%) had at least one subject or thematic module concerning physical activity with emphasis on health. Conclusion: In Brazil, the number of undergraduate medical curricula covering physical activity topics is still small and suffered a reduction between 2015 and 2019, which should warn medical education institutions about the need to include physical activity longitudinally distributed contents, with theoretical and - if possible - practical approaches, and emphasis on health promotion and treatment of diseases, in mandatory curricular units.

A partir das novas dinâmicas oriundas dos processos de globalização ocorridos entre o final do século 20 e primeiras décadas do século 21, a geografia econômica regional sul-americana destacou novos atores estatais, dentre eles, o Paraguai. Com um crescimento econômico ininterrupto nas últimas duas décadas, estabilidade democrática e competitividade financeira, o Paraguai desponta hoje como um dos países mais atrativos do subcontinente sul-americano. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo se apresenta como relato crítico-elucidativo da missão acadêmica conduzida por alunos e professores do Curso de Relações Internacionais da Faculdade São Francisco de Assis ao Paraguai (cidades de Encarnación, Assunção e Ciudad del Este) e às cidades fronteiriças brasileiras (São Borja e Foz do Iguaçu) e argentinas (Santo Tomé e Posadas). Dividido em quatro seções, o artigo analisa as dinâmicas fronteiriças contemporâneas da tríade mercosulina Brasil-Argentina-Paraguai, os eixos de sustentação e inovação da nova geografia econômica paraguaia – business, educação e turismo – e as relações consulares entre Assunção e Brasília, que dão a tônica da relação geoestratégica entre as duas das principais economias sul-americanas. Por fim, o artigo encerra com uma apresentação e revisão crítica das perspectivas comerciais e institucionais do Paraguai no século 21. Este texto tem como objetivo, portanto, apresentar as novas roupagens e dinâmicas do Estado paraguaio face aos novos cenários pós-globalização e pós-ocidentalismo.

Abstract Pediatric patients, especially those admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (ICU), are highly vulnerable to medication errors. This study aimed to measure the prescription error rate in a university hospital neonatal ICU and to identify susceptible patients, types of errors, and the medicines involved. The variables related to medicines prescribed were compared to the Neofax prescription protocol. The study enrolled 150 newborns and analyzed 489 prescription order forms, with 1,491 medication items, corresponding to 46 drugs. Prescription error rate was 43.5%. Errors were found in dosage, intervals, diluents, and infusion time, distributed across 7 therapeutic classes. Errors were more frequent in preterm newborns. Diluent and dosing were the most frequent sources of errors. The therapeutic classes most involved in errors were antimicrobial agents and drugs that act on the nervous and cardiovascular systems.

Este artigo pretende analisar a inserção da modalidade usucapião pró-familiar e seus principais aspectos. A usucapião é majoritariamente considerada pela doutrina pátria como modo originário de aquisição da propriedade, e para o seu reconhecimento se faz necessário preencher requisitos básicos prescritos em lei. À luz do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, o legislador procura na usucapião pró-familiar criar mecanismos que facilitem o exercício do direito à moradia, resguardando condições mínimas para uma vida digna. Assim, para melhor compreender esse tema, será exposto um breve delineamento histórico acompanhado de conceito e fundamento acerca da usucapião, a inserção da modalidade pró-familiar ao Código Civil de 2002, os requisitos necessários para ser pleiteado, bem como decisões judiciais contemporâneas a respeito da sua consubstanciação. Sob tal perspectiva, buscaremos esclarecer os seus principais aspectos, explorando o lado teórico da questão e sua aplicação prática no dia a dia, tendo como pilar estudos realizados em legislações, doutrinas e demais materiais bibliográficos encontrados em pesquisa.

Frangos criados sob estresse de calor (EC) podem ter padrão antioxidante reduzido, e, a suplementação de zinco e selênio podem amenizar este efeito. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação de zinco e de selênio, nas formas orgânica e inorgânica, sobre o desempenho, a peroxidação lipídica e o rendimento de carcaça em frangos submetidos a estresse cíclico de calor (EC). Para isso, foram utilizados 2.400 pintos machos de um dia de idade, criados em conforto térmico até o 14º dia, quando 1200 foram submetidos a EC. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 2 x 5, sendo dois ambientes [conforto (C) e estresse de calor EC] e cinco níveis de suplementação: [S1) ração controle; S2) S1 + 40 mg/kg de Zn inorgânico; S3) S1 + 40 mg/kg de Zn orgânico; S4) de S1 + 40 mg/kg de Zn inorgânico e 0,2 mg/kg de selênio orgânico, e S5) S1 + 40 mg/kg de Zn orgânico e 0,2 mg/kg de selênio orgânico], totalizando dez tratamentos, com oito repetições de 30 aves cada. Foram avaliados os níveis sanguíneos de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico, temperatura cloacal (TC), ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, peso vivo e rendimento de carcaça e cortes. No 35° e no 42° dias, aves sob EC apresentaram elevação de TC. Ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e carcaça eviscerada foram influenciados negativamente pelo calor. O ambiente e os níveis de suplemento não alteraram o rendimento de peito com e sem osso, sobrecoxa e coxa, e asas. Nas condições ambientais e nutricionais, não se identificou a necessidade de adição suplementar de zinco orgânico e inorgânico e selênio orgânico.

INTRODUCTION: Advancement genioplasty has been increasingly indicated for the correction of anterior mandibular deficiency as it balances the patient's profile and generates functional changes. OBJECTIVE: Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of advancement genioplasty in the oropharyngeal size and in the position of the hyoid bone and tongue. METHODS: The sample comprised 22 lateral cephalometric radiographs of 11 individuals who had undergone advancement genioplasty alone. Eleven of these radiographs depicted the immediate preoperative period (T0) and the other 11 the postoperative period after at least four months (T1). The radiographs were scanned and exported to the Radiocef Studio 2.0® software (Radio Memory Ltda., Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil). The landmarks were then identified and automatically measured by the program. RESULTS: The results showed statistically significant differences between the horizontal position of the hyoid bone and tongue and in the oropharyngeal size. The hyoid bone and tongue were repositioned anteriorly after surgery (p = 0.01), thereby increasing the dimension of the oropharyngeal airspace (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The oropharyngeal dimension increased as the tongue base and hyoid bone were repositioned more anteriorly

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de 12 combinações de três clones de painel (PB 311, PB 314 e RRIM 600) com quatro clones de copa (F 4512, MDF 180, IAN 6158 e IAN 6543) de seringueira cultivados no sudoeste do Estado do Mato Grosso. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados: produção de borracha seca, percentagem de plantas aptas à sangria, secamento de painel, estado nutricional, teor de borracha seca, plasticidade Wallace (P0 e P30), índice de retenção de plasticidade e viscosidade Mooney. As combinações das copas IAN 6543 e MDF 180 com os painéis PB 311, RRIM 600 e PB 314 apresentaram estado nutricional adequado, com produtividade de borracha seca acima de 1,41 Mg ha-1 por ano. O clone de copa IAN 6158 propiciou, em oito anos, as maiores quantidades de plantas aptas à sangria. As combinações painel/copa apresentaram baixa incidência de secamento de painel, exceto PB 311 x IAN 6158. As borrachas das 12 combinações painel/copa apresentam boa resistência à degradação térmica e alta retenção de plasticidade.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os níveis plasmáticos dos biomarcadores de lesão muscular, a saber, creatina quinase, lactato desidrogenase e mioglobina, em atletas profissionais de voleibol após exercícios musculares anaeróbicos, com e sem uso de meia elástica. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas dez jogadoras profissionais de voleibol, com idades entre 18 e 25 anos, utilizando ou não meia elástica (Sport Active®, Venosan, Abreu e Lima, Brasil), com compressão de 20 a 30 mmHg abaixo do joelho. As dosagens foram feitas em três momentos: M0, início da manhã, com as atletas em repouso sem uso de meia elástica; M1, início da manhã, após a realização de atividade física com uso de meia elástica; M2, sete dias depois, após a realização dos mesmos exercícios, porém sem uso de meia elástica. Aplicou-se a escala de Borg após cada série de atividade física para avaliação do esforço. RESULTADOS: Os valores médios obtidos para creatina quinase e lactato desidrogenase foram, respectivamente, de 117,7±40,2 e 134,2±11,3 U/L, em M0; 138,2±47,2 e 157,9±10,1 U/L, em M1; e 161,3±59,9 e 177,2±18,8 U/L, em M2. Os valores médios obtidos para mioglobina foram de 31,5±6,5; 34,9±5,6 e 38,6±12,6 µg/L nos momentos M0, M1 e M2, respectivamente. Houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas (Tukey) entre M1 e M2 para os valores de creatina quinase (p=0,0007) e lactato desidrogenase (p=0,000), mas não para os valores de mioglobina (p=0,1135). Os escores da escala de Borg em M1 e M2 foram, respectivamente, de 17,8 e 18,2, sem diferença estatisticamente significante entre eles (Wilcoxon). CONCLUSÃO: O uso da meia elástica foi associado a menores níveis plasmáticos dos biomarcadores de lesão muscular após exercício físico.OBJECTIVE:To assess plasma levels of muscle soreness biomarkers, namely creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and myoglobin, in professional volleyball players following anaerobic exercise with and without the use of elastic stockings. METHODS: Ten female volleyball players aged 18 to 25 years-old were assessed with and without below-knee 20 to 30 mmHg compression stockings (Sport Active®, Venosan, Abreu e Lima, Brazil). Biomarker levels were assessed at three different moments: M0, early in the morning, with the athletes at rest, not using elastic stockings; M1, early in the morning, following a bout of exercise using elastic stockings; M2, seven days later, following the same bout of exercise, however not using elastic stockings. The Borg scale was used after each series of exercise to evaluate the physical effort. RESULTS: The means values obtained for creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were, respectively, 117.7±40.2 and 134.2±11.3 U/L at M0; 138.2±47.2 and 157.9±10.1 U/L at M1; and 161.3±59.9 and 177.2±18.8 U/L at M2. The mean values obtained for myoglobin were 31.5±6.5; 34.9±5.6 and 38.6±12.6 µg/L at the moments M0, M1 and M2, respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed between M1 and M2 (Tukey) for creatine kinase (p=0.0007) and lactate dehydrogenase (p=0.000), but not for myoglobin (p=0.1135). Borg scale scores obtained at M1 and M2 were, respectively, 17.8 and 18.2, without statistically significant differences between them (Wilcoxon). CONCLUSION: The use of elastic stockings was associated with lower plasma levels of biomarkers of muscle injury after exercise.

CONTEXTO: A profilaxia do tromboembolismo venoso pode ser feita por métodos farmacológicos ou de forma mecânica, com o uso de meias antitrombo e compressão pneumática (CPI). A CPI é um método mecânico de profilaxia que merece melhor atenção da comunidade médica. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do uso de compressão pneumática intermitente (CPI) nos pés, pernas e coxas de adultos saudáveis sobre o fluxo sanguíneo nas veias femorais comuns. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi constituída de 10 voluntários (sete mulheres e três homens) adultos (20-40 anos), sem antecedente de tromboembolismo venoso. Após repouso (10 min) em decúbito dorsal, o fluxo sanguíneo era medido (três vezes) por ultra-sonografia vascular na veia femoral, a 1 cm acima da junção safeno-femoral, em ambos os membros, sem controle e com CPI no pé, perna e na coxa. A compressão (130 mmHg no pé e 45 mmHg na perna e na coxa) foi aplicada em ciclos de 11 segundos de compressão e 20-60 segundos de esvaziamento. As aferições de fluxo foram realizadas no pico de fluxo do ciclo de compressão. Os valores foram comparados por análise de variância (teste de Tukey), com p < 0,05 indicando diferença estatisticamente significante. RESULTADO: A utilização de CPI nos membros inferiores, esquerdo e direito, promoveu elevações percentuais relativas no fluxo venoso femoral de 37,6 e 70,8% (pés), 143,9 e 164,7% (pernas) e 132,6 e 128,9% (coxas), respectivamente. As variações foram estatisticamente significantes para as aplicações nas pernas e coxas. CONCLUSÃO: A CPI melhora o fluxo sanguíneo quando aplicada na perna ou na coxa.BACKGROUND: Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism, a very common post-surgical complication, can be made pharmacologically or via mechanical methods, such as the use of anti-thrombosis socks and intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC). IPC is a mechanical method of prophylaxis that deserves the attention of the medical community. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of IPC on the blood flow of common femoral veins in feet, legs and thighs of healthy adults. METHODS: The sample was comprised of 10 volunteers (seven females and three males), adults (20-40 years), without history of venous thromboembolism. After a rest period (10 min), with the patient in the supine position, blood flow was measured (three times) via vascular ultrasonography at the femoral vein, 1 cm above of the saphenofemoral junction, in both limbs, without (control) and with IPC in the patient"s foot, leg and thigh. Compression (130 mmHg on foot and 45 mmHg on leg and thigh) was applied at compression cycles of 11 seconds and emptying cycles of 20-60 seconds. Blood flow evaluations were performed at compression cycle peaks. Values were compared by analysis of variance (Tukey test), p < 0.05 indicating statistically significant difference. RESULTS: Use of IPC on the left and right lower limbs caused a percentage increase in the femoral blood flow of 37.6 and 70.8% (feet), 143.9 and 164.7% (legs), and 132.6 and 128.9% (thighs), respectively. Variations were statistically significant for application in legs and thighs. CONCLUSION: Use of IPC improves blood flow when applied in legs or thighs.

Este artigo tem a pretensão de preencher algumas lacunas existentes em termos de suprir os usuários das informações necessárias adequada mensuração dos valores econômicos dos ativos intangíveis por meio da proposição de um modelo econômico para a sua mensuração, obtido por intermédio de um estudo exploratório, mais adequado realidade atual, isto é, um mercado sem fronteiras, em que a tecnologia da informação e das telecomunicações impera. Para atingir esse objetivo, inicialmente, são apresentados os principais modelos de avaliação utilizados para avaliar ativos intangíveis desenvolvidos ao longo do tempo, bem como, ainda que brevemente, os principais métodos de avaliação de ativos a valores de entrada e de saída, a fim de fornecer o arcabouço necessário - formulação do modelo. Em um segundo momento esses modelos são analisados e criticados, a fim de se identificarem as suas limitações e incorporá-las ao modelo de avaliação econômica de ativos intangíveis proposto.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o tratamento de varizes tronculares primárias por ecoescleroterapia com microespuma. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi constituída de 25 membros de seis pacientes do sexo masculino e 19 do sexo feminino, com incompetência das veias safenas magna (21 membros) ou parva (quatro membros). Eles foram avaliados de acordo com a classificação clínica, etiológica, anatômica e fisiopatológica (CEAP) e classificados nos graus C³ (10 membros), C4 (seis membros), C5 (cinco membros) e C6 (quatro membros). A microespuma (5 ml), preparada pela mistura de 1 ml de polidocanol a 3% e 5 ml de ar, era injetada na veia do paciente, em posição de Trendelenburg, com monitoração por ultra-sonografia com Doppler colorido. Os membros eram enfaixados com atadura inelástica por 3 dias; depois disso, os pacientes usavam meias elásticas, 30-40 mmHg, 3/4 ou 7/8, durante 3 meses. A eficiência do tratamento foi avaliada pelo escore clínico da classificação CEAP para dor, edema e claudicação e pelas alterações ultra-sonográficas 12 meses depois. Os escores clínicos antes e depois do tratamento foram comparados pelo teste de Wilcoxon. RESULTADOS: Houve diminuição significante nos escores clínicos (P < 0,05) e sucesso terapêutico, com oclusão total e recanalização parcial sem refluxo, em 84% dos casos. Do total, 16% dos casos apresentaram recanalização parcial, com refluxo, ou recanalização completa. CONCLUSÃO: A ecoescleroterapia, método simples, de baixo custo, que dispensa internação e anestesia, mostrou ser promissora no tratamento de varizes tronculares primárias.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the treatment of primary trunk varicose veins by microfoam ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy. METHODS: The sample was composed of 25 members of six male and 19 female patients, with incompetence of great saphenous vein (21) and short saphenous vein (4). Patients were assessed according to the clinical, etiologic, anatomical and pathophysiological (CEAP) classification and divided into degrees C³ (10), C4 (6), C5 (5) and C6 (4). With the patients in the Trendelenburg position, microfoam (5 ml), prepared by mixture of 1 ml polidocanol at 3% and 5 ml of air, was injected in their vein and monitored by color-flow Doppler ultrasonography. The members were then swaddled with inelastic bandage for 3 days; afterward, the patients used 30-40 mmHg, 3/4 or 7/8, elastic socks, during 3 months. Treatment efficiency was evaluated based on the CEAP classification for pain, edema and claudication, and on color-flow Doppler ultrasonographic changes 12 months later. Clinical scores, before and after treatment, were compared using the Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in the clinical scores (p < 0.05). Therapeutic success was achieved, with total occlusion and partial recanalization without reflux in 84% of the cases. The remaining 16% of the cases presented partial recanalization with reflux or complete recanalization. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy, which is an easy and low-cost method that does not require hospitalization and anesthesia, proved to be promising for the treatment of primary trunk varicose veins.

The productive performance of 8, 9 and 10 month old calves raised, in pastures in the sub-area Nhecolândia.,was evaluated, in Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, for young calves slaughter. Fifty four calves were used, 27 males and 27 females in a randomized block, with a 3x3 factorial design (three pastures and three slaughter ages). The pastures were 1-native grass pasture, composed by Axonopus purpusii, Andropogon bicornis and Elyonurus muticus, 2-cultivated pasture, composed by Brachiaria decumbens and B. humidicula, and 3-mixed, composed by native grass and cultivated pasture. There was significant interaction (PAvaliou-se o desempenho produtivo de bezerros abatidos aos oito, nove e dez meses de idade, criados em pastagens no Pantanal Sul mato-grossense, visando o abate de bezerros jovens. Utilizaram-se 54 bezerros, sendo 27 machos e 27 fêmeas provenientes da sub-região pantaneira Nhecolândia. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados por sexo, em esquema fatorial 3x3 (três tipos de pastagens e três idades de abate). As pastagens foram: 1-nativa, composta por Capim-mimoso, Capim-rabo de burro e Capim-carona, 2-cultivada, composta por Brachiaria decumbens e B. humidicola, e 3-mista, composta por capins nativos e cultivados. Houve interação (P

A complexa relação entre a tradição e a modernidade na poesia; o efeito da fragmentação e dispersão do sujeito poético, inclusive por meio de uma recifração lingüística; bem como a percepção de uma consciência históricoliterária evidenciada em um projeto de poesia são objetos de análise deste estudo, com base na leitura do poema-prosa “Uma temporada no inferno” do poeta francês Rimbaud.

OBJETIVO: o objetivo deste estudo reside na avaliação do produto dose-área (DAP) e das doses de entrada na pele (DEP), empregando protocolos com tamanho de voxel diferente, obtidos com o aparelho de Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico (TCFC) i-CAT, a fim de determinar melhores parâmetros baseados nos princípios da radioproteção. MÉTODOS: para medição do DEP foi utilizada uma câmara de ionização do tipo lápis, e para o DAP foi utilizado um aparelho PTW. Quatro protocolos foram testados, a saber: (1) 40 seg., voxel de 0,2mm e 46,72mAs; (2) 40 seg., voxel de 0,25mm e 46,72mAs; (3) 20 seg., voxel de 0,3mm e 23,87mAs; (4) 20 seg., voxel de 0,4mm e 23,87mAs. A quilovoltagem permaneceu constante (120KVp). RESULTADOS: detectou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa (pObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dose-area product (DAP) and the entrance skin dose (ESD), using protocols with different voxel sizes, obtained with i-CAT Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), to determine the best parameters based on radioprotection principles. METHODS: A pencil-type ionization chamber was used to measure the ESD and a PTW device was used to measure the DAP. Four protocols were tested: (1) 40s, 0.2 mm voxel and 46.72 mAs; (2) 40s, 0.25 mm voxel and 46.72 mAs; (3) 20s, 0.3 mm voxel and 23.87 mAs; (4) 20s, 0.4 mm voxel and 23.87 mAs. The kilovoltage remained constant (120kVp). RESULTS: A significant statistical difference (p

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Copyright of Journal of Water Resources / Recursos Hídricos is the property of Associacao Portuguesa dos Recursos Hidricos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciência da Informação is the property of Instituto Brasileiro de Informacao em Ciencia e Tecnologia (IBICT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumo Introdução O risco de intoxicação sistêmica pelo uso da bupivacaína é um problema persistente e torna seu estudo farmacocinético fundamental para a segurança da anestesia regional. São escassas as evidências sobre a influência de diferentes concentrações no pico plasmático desse fármaco. O presente estudo compara duas concentrações de bupivacaína para estabelecer como a concentração afeta o pico plasmático desse fármaco no bloqueio do plexo braquial via axilar. Também se compararam latência e analgesia pós‐operatória. Métodos Foram randomizados 30 pacientes. No Grupo 0,25%, injetaram‐se 10 mL de bupivacaína 0,25% por nervo. No Grupo 0,5%, injetaram‐se 5 mL de bupivacaína 0,5% por nervo. Amostras de sangue periférico foram colhidas durante as duas primeiras horas após o bloqueio. Para análise das amostras, usou‐se a cromatografia líquida de alta frequência acoplada ao espectrômetro de massas. Resultados O pico plasmático ocorreu 45 minutos após o bloqueio, sem diferença entre os grupos nos tempos avaliados. O pico plasmático (média ± DP) foi 933,97 ± 328,03 ng.mL −1 no Grupo 0,25% e 1.022,79 ± 253,81 ng.mL −1 no Grupo 0,5% ( p = 0,414). O Grupo 0,5% apresentou menor latência com relação ao Grupo 0,25% (10,67 ± 3,71 × 17,33 min ± 5,30; respectivamente; p = 0,004). Nenhum paciente apresentou dor nas primeiras quatro horas após o bloqueio. Conclusão Para o bloqueio do plexo braquial via axilar, não foi detectada diferença no pico plasmático de bupivacaína apesar do uso de diferentes concentrações, com a mesma massa de anestésico local. A concentração influenciou inversamente a latência. Introduction The risk of systemic bupivacaine toxicity is a persistent problem, which makes its pharmacokinetic study fundamental for regional anesthesia safety. There is little evidence of its influence on plasma peak at different concentrations. The present study compares two bupivacaine concentrations to establish how the concentration affects this drug plasma peak in axillary brachial plexus block. Postoperative latency and analgesia were also compared. Methods 30 patients were randomized. In the 0.25% Group, 0.25% bupivacaine (10 mL) was injected per nerve. In the 0.5% Group, 0.5% bupivacaine (5 mL) was injected per nerve. Peripheral blood samples were collected during the first 2 hours after the blockade. For sample analyses, high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was used. Results Plasma peak occurred 45 minutes after the blockade, with no difference between groups at the assessed time‐points. Plasma peak was 933.97 ± 328.03 ng.mL −1 (mean ± SD) in 0.25% Group and 1022.79 ± 253.81 ng.mL −1 in 0.5% Group ( p = 0.414). Latency was lower in 0.5% Group than in 0.25% Group (10.67 ± 3.71 × 17.33 min ± 5.30, respectively, p = 0.004). No patient had pain within the first 4 hours after the blockade. Conclusion For axillary brachial plexus block, there was no difference in bupivacaine plasma peak despite the use of different concentrations with the same local anesthetic mass. The concentration inversely influenced latency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Atencao Primaria a Saude is the property of Revista de Atencao Primaria a Saude and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Contrapontos is the property of Universidade do Vale do Itajai and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Atencao Primaria a Saude is the property of Revista de Atencao Primaria a Saude and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)