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Devido às características climáticas das principais regiões produtoras de alface e com a maior parte dos cultivos feitos em campo aberto, tem sido frequente a incidência de doenças na cultura. Em consequência, ocorre a redução da produtividade e perda de qualidade do produto comercializado, além do problema de resíduos de agrotóxicos, devido ao seu uso abusivo para o controle de pragas e doenças. Dessa forma, o estudo de novas tecnologias, como o cultivo da alface sob túnel baixo torna-se importante, visando o aprimoramento de seu sistema de cultivo. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar a influência de diferentes sistemas de cultivo no desempenho produtivo da alface de primavera/verão. Foram avaliadas as caracteríssiticas de massa da matéria freca e seca de três cultivares de alface (lisa, crespa e americana) em três sistema de cultivo, túnel baixo, muching e convencional. O uso mulching preto com ou sem túnel baixo sobre os canteiros proporcionaram maior desempenho produtivo do cultivar de alface americana no cultivo de primavera/verão.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of bone reconstruction and lengthening compared to amputation in the treatment of tibial hemimelia for patients and their families. Methods: Systematic review of articles published in English and Portuguese between 1982 and 2022 in the MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane and SciELO databases. The variables of interest were: year of publication, sample characteristics, classification of tibial hemimelia according to Jones, treatment outcome and follow-up time. Results: A total of eleven articles were included in the scope of this review. The studies involved 131 patients, 53.4% male and 46.6% female. The age of the patients who underwent a surgical procedure ranged from 1 year and 10 months to 15 years. The most common type was Jones’ I (40.9%). The most recurrent complications in the reconstruction treatment were: infection of the external fixator path, flexion contracture (mainly of the knee), reduction in the range of motion of the knee and ankle. Conclusion: We did not find enough relevant studies in the literature to prove the superiority of reconstruction. Amputation remains the gold standard treatment for tibial hemimelia to this day. Level of Evidence III, systematic review of level III studies

ABSTRACT Hydraulic conductivity in unsaturated soil controls water movement and measuring it in agricultural fields is a challenging task requiring time-consuming, costly, and skilled experimentation. This study was conducted to reduce the cost of experimentation through the development of an estimation model. The developed model is based on dimensional analysis to determine the value of hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soil as it relates to soil moisture content, irrigation water electrical conductivity, and suction rate (pressure head). Data points were acquired from measurements of cumulative infiltration in the field, using a mini disc infiltrometer. The developed model gave a mean discrepancy ratio of 1.10 (the acceptable range is 0.5–2.0) and a mean percentage of relative errors of 9.96%. These values indicate that the dimensional analysis model is reliable for the prediction of sandy loam soil’s unsaturated hydraulic conductivity.

ABSTRACT Most important farm operations require a significant amount of energy, and this consumes a major portion of the farm's budget. Consequently, analyzing the fuel consumption of agricultural machinery for farm operations of different sizes makes it possible to predict fuel consumption to set an appropriate budget for energy. The main purpose of this study was to determine the ability of the k-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm to predict the fuel consumption of tractor–chisel plow systems correctly. A training-set design of 139 points of 173 data points obtained from the literature was utilized, and the remaining 34 data points were applied as a test set. The input parameters were tractor power, plowing width, depth and speed of plowing, soil percentages of sand, silt, and clay, initial soil moisture content, and initial soil bulk density. The predictive power of the KNN method was compared with that of multiple linear regression (MLR), and experimental data were used to determine the predictive power of both methods. The KNN method generated better results than the multiple linear regression method. The test dataset correlation coefficients were 0.817 for the KNN (k = 2) method and 0.422 for the multiple linear regression method. This study suggests that the KNN method with k = 2 (two nearest neighbors) is suitable for estimating the fuel consumption of tractor–chisel plow systems for input values within the studied range.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of supernumerary teeth among patients attending the students' dental clinics at the Faculty of Dentistry of the Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine. Material and Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study of 1970 digital panoramic radiographs of patients, age ranging between 12 and 50 years. The radiographs and dental records were reviewed for supernumerary teeth. For each patient with supernumerary teeth, were recorded the demographic variables, number, location, eruption status, type, and morphology, the developmental stages. Descriptive statistics were performed and results were tabulated. Results: Supernumerary teeth were detected in 17 subjects (0.86%), of which 13 were males and 4 were females with a male to female ratio of 3.25:1. Of the 17 patients, 64.7% had one supernumerary tooth while the others had two. The majority (78.3%) of the supernumeraries were located in the maxilla. Around 56.5% of the supernumeraries found in this study were located in the premaxilla. Half of the supernumeraries (52.2%) were erupted, and 47.8% were impacted. Mesiodens was the most frequently seen supernumerary teeth followed by distomolars and premolars. Most of the supernumeraries were fully developed, while 21.7% displayed only crown formation. Conclusion: The prevalence of supernumerary teeth in the study sample was found to be 0.86% and the most frequent type was mesiodens. Supplemental morphology was found to be the most common form of supernumerary teeth.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a hipótese de que o Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) por ocasião da alta da unidade de terapia intensiva associa-se com readmissão, e identificar o nível desse escore que prediz com maior confiabilidade a readmissão à unidade de terapia intensiva dentro de 48 horas após a alta. Métodos: Este foi um estudo observacional retrospectivo a respeito do MEWS de pacientes que receberam alta da unidade de terapia intensiva. Comparamos dados demográficos, escores de severidade, características da doença crítica e MEWS de pacientes readmitidos e não readmitidos. Identificamos os fatores associados com a readmissão em um modelo de regressão logística. Construímos uma curva Característica de Operação do Receptor para o MEWS na predição da probabilidade de readmissão. Por fim, apresentamos o critério ideal com maior sensibilidade e especificidade. Resultados: A taxa de readmissões foi de 2,6%, e o MEWS foi preditor significante de readmissão, juntamente do tempo de permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva acima de 10 dias e traqueostomia. A curva Característica de Operação do Receptor relativa ao MEWS para predizer a probabilidade de readmissão teve área sob a curva de 0,82, e MEWS acima de 6 teve sensibilidade de 0,78 (IC95% 0,66 - 0,9) e especificidade de 0,9 (IC95% 0,87 - 0,93). Conclusão: O MEWS associa-se com readmissão à unidade de terapia intensiva, e o escore acima de 6 teve excelente precisão como preditor prognóstico.

Opioid use has reached an epidemic proportion in Canada and the United States that is mostly attributed to excess availability of prescribed opioids for pain. This excess in opioid use led to an increase in the prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) requiring treatment. The most common treatment recommendations include medication-assisted treatment (MAT) combined with psychosocial interventions. Clinical trials investigating the effectiveness of MAT, however, have a limited focus on effectiveness measures that overlook patient-important outcomes. Despite MAT, patients with OUD continue to suffer negative consequences of opioid use. Patient goals and personalized medicine are overlooked in clinical trials and guidelines, thus missing an opportunity to improve prognosis of OUD by considering precision medicine in addiction trials. In this mixed-methods study, patients with OUD receiving MAT (n=2,031, mean age 39.1 years [SD 10.7], 44% female) were interviewed to identify patient goals for MAT. The most frequently reported patient-important outcomes were to stop treatment (39%) and to avoid all drugs (25%). These results are inconsistent with treatment recommendations and trial outcome measures. We discuss theses inconsistencies and make recommendations to incorporate these outcomes to achieve patient-centered and personalized treatment strategies.

Let G be a finite, simple graph, without isolated vertices. For any non-negative integers x and y, a set D ⊆ V is a ”pitchfork dominating set pds”, when every vertex in D, dominates at most y and at least x vertices of V − D. A subset D−1 of V − D is an inverse pds if it is a pitchfork set. The pitchfork domination number of G, γpf (G), is the number of elements of a smallest pds. The ”inverse pitchfork domination number” of G, γ −1 pf (G), is the number of elements of a smallest inverse pds. In this paper, some modified pitchfork dominations and its inverse dominations are introduced when x = 1 and y = 2. Several bounds and properties are given and proved. Then, these modified dominations are applied on some standard graphs such as: path, cycle, wheel, complete, complete bipartite graph and their complements.

Phase Locked Loops (PLLs) with in-loop Moving Average Filter (MAF) and a Proportional Integral (PI) controller are effective methods to achieve synchronization in grid-connected converters, since they have simple implementation, low computational burden and excellent filtering capability. However, they are known to be slow. The reasons are the MAF time delay and the PI controller tuning method, which makes the design of a fast control loop challenging. This paper demonstrates that the second-order Padé approximation is enough to achieve an accurate model for the MAF, and presents a controller design technique that results in the minimum settling times achievable for a MAF-PLL with a PI controller. Simulation and experimental results validate the proposed approach.

A graph labeling is an assignment of integers to the vertices, edges, or to both, and it is subject to certain conditions. In this paper, a new concept of graph labeling called binary operation labeling is introduced. The graph is said to be a binary operation graph if admits a binary operation labeling. Some results for this new type of labeling are contributed.

Phase Locked Loops using phase detector based on a multiplier and a moving average low pass filter are computationally simple, and provide adequate attenuation for the multiplier generated harmonics, which are responsible for distortion at the output signal. They are a good choice for synchronizing power electronics converters connected to the grid. Previously published papers based on proportional-integral control and moving average filter present long settling times. This paper uses the exact model of the moving average filter by its discrete high order transfer function, and applies the discrete root locus method to impose the dominant closed loop poles in a region defined by desired performance specification. It leads to a significantly shorter settling time, when experimentally compared with other recent proposals in the literature.

Devido às características climáticas das principais regiões produtoras de alface e com a maior parte dos cultivos feitos em campo aberto, tem sido frequente a incidência de doenças na cultura. Em consequência, ocorre a redução da produtividade e perda de qualidade do produto comercializado, além do problema de resíduos de agrotóxicos, devido ao seu uso abusivo para o controle de pragas e doenças. Dessa forma, o estudo de novas tecnologias, como o cultivo da alface sob túnel baixo torna-se importante, visando o aprimoramento de seu sistema de cultivo. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar a influência de diferentes sistemas de cultivo no desempenho produtivo da alface de primavera/verão. Foram avaliadas as caracteríssiticas de massa da matéria freca e seca de três cultivares de alface (lisa, crespa e americana) em três sistema de cultivo, túnel baixo, muching e convencional. O uso mulching preto com ou sem túnel baixo sobre os canteiros proporcionaram maior desempenho produtivo do cultivar de alface americana no cultivo de primavera/verão. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMO Objetivo: Estudar o impacto do retardo na admissão à unidade de terapia intensiva em mais do que 4 horas nos desfechos de pacientes críticos. Métodos: Este foi um estudo observacional retrospectivo, no qual pacientes adultos admitidos diretamente do pronto-socorro para a unidade de terapia intensiva foram divididos em dois grupos: Tempo Adequado, se admitidos dentro de 4 horas, e Admissão Retardada, nos casos em que a admissão demorou mais do que 4 horas para ocorrer. Compararam-se, entre os grupos, o tempo de permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva e a taxa de mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva e no hospital. Foi realizado pareamento por escore de propensão para correção de desequilíbrios. Utilizou-se uma análise de regressão logística para explorar retardo da admissão como fator independente de risco para mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva. Resultados: Durante o período do estudo, 1.887 pacientes foram admitidos diretamente do pronto-socorro para a unidade de terapia intensiva, sendo que 42% dessas admissões foram retardadas. Os pacientes com retardo tiveram permanências na unidade de terapia intensiva significantemente mais longas e maior mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva e no hospital. Esses resultados persistiram após pareamento dos grupos por escore de propensão. O retardo da admissão foi fator independente de risco para mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva (RC = 2,6; IC95% 1,9 - 3,5; p < 0,001). A associação de retardo e mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva surgiu após período de retardo de 2 horas e foi mais alta após período de retardo de 4 horas. Conclusão: O retardo da admissão do pronto-socorro para a unidade de terapia intensiva é fator de risco independente para mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva, sendo a associação mais forte após retardo de 4 horas.